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Rohaiem SN, Khan BF, Al-Julaih GH, Mohammedin AS. Atraumatic Fractures in Multi-Morbid Older Adults: A Series of Five Cases and Review of Literature. Cureus 2023; 15:e51333. [PMID: 38288221 PMCID: PMC10824280 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Atraumatic fractures (ATFs) are a fragility fracture subtype with occasional medicolegal issues. ATFs are defined as fractures because of a "low-energy mechanism that is usually considered incapable of producing a fracture." They are an underreported disorder, with epidemiological variations. ATF phenomena were previously reported not only in older adults, but also in children, young adults, older adults, and animals. This study is a short retrospective case series exploring atraumatic fractures in a tertiary care university hospital. Over a period of two years, a total of seven ATF cases were identified. However, only five fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Local causes of pathologic fractures (e.g., metastasis) and elder abuse or neglect were excluded. Comparison of the cases' clinical profile, fracture profile, and management was done. All five cases were frail females with significant osteotoxic burdens from medications and multi-morbidities. ATF presentations included typical (as pain) and atypical (as painless, loud crack, and sudden giveaway) symptomatology. One ATF had a coincident unexplained aseptic fever. Three cases had more than one fracture (fracture cascade), confirmed and followed up by x-rays. All the cases were managed conservatively except for one case that underwent hip hemiarthroplasty. Plans of care included managing the osteotoxic multi-morbidities burden, focusing on the whole body, not only on the fracture or bone. The study provided insights about challenges in presentations of ATF (as the bone fracture acute phase reaction: osteogenic aseptic fever). Risk factors are classically assumed to be osteoporosis, but it is usually systemic and multifactorial. A high risk of fracture warning sign could help decrease ATF occurrence or fracture cascades. Four ATF categories were detected to help healthcare systems identify high-risk patients and raise awareness among medical staff, families, and caregivers. Future studies of the at-risk groups are needed to understand ATF knowledge gaps, challenges, and the best treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basim F Khan
- Pediatrics and Child Health, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, SAU
| | | | - Ahmed S Mohammedin
- Geriatrics and Gerontology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EGY
- Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Al-Khobar, SAU
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Chen Z, Tan TW, Zhao Y, Jiang C, Zeng Q, Fan G, Zhang W, Li F. WIfI Classification Based Analysis of Risk Factors for Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Limb Threatening Ischaemia after Endovascular Revascularisation Therapy. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2023; 65:528-536. [PMID: 36592652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The evaluation of limb status with the Wound, Ischaemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) classification and the assessment of patient risks combined with systemic factors, are recommended in patients with chronic limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI). However, there is little evidence of the application of the WIfI classification in the Chinese population. This study aimed to verify the use of the WIfI classification in a Chinese patient population, and to further identify local and systemic independent predictors of adverse CLTI outcomes. METHODS A total of 474 patients who underwent endovascular therapy (EVT) for CLTI in a tertiary hospital between July 2017 and September 2020 were included in this retrospective study. The outcomes included one year major adverse limb events (MALEs), one year all cause mortality, and one year amputation free survival (AFS). Cox regression was used to analyse the association between risk factors and adverse outcomes. RESULTS In total, 104 (21.9%) all cause deaths were recorded. The rate of MALEs was 17.5%, while the AFS was 71.9%. Multivariable analysis revealed that a body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2 (p = .002), a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% (p < .001), and WIfI wound grade (p < .001) were independent risk factors for MALEs, while age ≥ 77 years (p = .031), BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (p < .001), coronary heart disease (p = .040), and WIfI clinical stages (p = .021) were independent risk factors for death in patients with CLTI. Age ≥ 77 years (p = .003), BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (p < .001), coronary heart disease (p = .012), LVEF < 50% (p < .001), WIfI wound grade (p = .004), and WIfI clinical stages (p = .044) were independently associated with a decreased AFS rate. CONCLUSIONS This study has confirmed the predictive ability of the WIfI classification for Chinese patients with CLTI who underwent EVT. Wound grade was the most sensitive and important risk factor of the three components of WIfI. In addition, systemic factors should be considered to ensure a more accurate prognosis prediction and appropriate clinical decision making in patients with CLTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tze-Woei Tan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuli Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiu Zeng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoxiang Fan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fenghe Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Chang B, Huang A, Saxena R, Sun Y, Liu S, Zhou G, Li B, Teng G, Zhao J, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Han S, Yang Z, Zhao J, Zou Z, Liangpunsakul S. Hepatic Histopathology Among Excessive Drinkers Without Advanced Liver Disease. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:669-677. [PMID: 33765150 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol-associated liver disease represents a spectrum of histopathological changes from steatosis to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. The major goals of this retrospective study were to characterize the histologic features in patients with excessive alcohol use who presented with an abnormal hepatic panel and/or abnormal radiographic imaging and did not meet the clinical diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis. METHODS We performed a retrospective study to describe hepatic histology of 62 and 83 excessive drinkers with normal and abnormal serum aspartate transaminase, respectively. The types of inflammatory cells in the liver were characterized by immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68 and myeloperoxidase. RESULTS Among 62 patients with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 50 U/L, 37% had histological evidence of steatosis. Of these, we found evidence of hepatocyte ballooning (21%), lobular inflammation (50%), portal inflammation (52%) and fibrosis (14%). For those with AST > 50 U/L, the presence of hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation and portal inflammation was observed in 29, 60 and 69% of patients, respectively. Fibrosis was found in 33%, four with bridging fibrosis, and one with cirrhosis. We observed the aggregation of CD68+ macrophages, rather than normally distributed with minimal neutrophilic infiltration. Lobular and portal lymphocytic infiltrations are primarily CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION Abnormal hepatic histopathology occurs in excessive drinkers with normal transaminase activity. Future studies to determine the diagnostic modalities to detect such abnormalities and to better understand its clinical implications and long-term outcome are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binxia Chang
- The Center for Non-Infectious Liver Disease, Institute of Alcoholic liver Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ang Huang
- The Center for Non-Infectious Liver Disease, Institute of Alcoholic liver Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Romil Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yin Sun
- The Center for Non-Infectious Liver Disease, Institute of Alcoholic liver Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shuhong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Guangde Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Baosen Li
- The Center for Non-Infectious Liver Disease, Institute of Alcoholic liver Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Guangju Teng
- The Center for Non-Infectious Liver Disease, Institute of Alcoholic liver Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- The Center for Non-Infectious Liver Disease, Institute of Alcoholic liver Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Center for Non-Infectious Liver Disease, Institute of Alcoholic liver Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yanchao Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sen Han
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhengsheng Zou
- The Center for Non-Infectious Liver Disease, Institute of Alcoholic liver Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Takahara M, Iida O, Soga Y, Azuma N, Nanto S. Clinical Impact of Measures for Frailty Severity in Poor-Risk Patients Undergoing Revascularization for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 29:221-228. [PMID: 33518553 PMCID: PMC8803558 DOI: 10.5551/jat.61481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:
This study aimed to demonstrate the clinical impact of various frailty-related aspects in poor-risk patients undergoing revascularization for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI).
Methods:
We analyzed a clinical database of a prospective multicenter observational study. A total of 562 CLTI patients who required assistance for their daily lives and were candidates for revascularization were included. We examined various measures of frailty severity, including activities of daily living (ADL)/mobility, physical performance, nutritional status, cognitive function, and cardiac function at baseline (before revascularization). Data on inflammatory markers at baseline and ADL/mobility before CLTI onset were also collected.
Results:
The patients were aged 77±10 years, 65% were non-ambulatory, and 38% were categorized as mild dementia or severer. The correlation coefficients between the frailty measures ranged from 0.00 to 0.91. The random forest analysis for one-year mortality risk showed that these frailty-related measures, as well as age and inflammatory markers, had a relatively high variable importance compared with comorbidities and limb severity.
Conclusion:
The correlations between measures of frailty severity were not always strong but rather widely varied in CLTI patients who required assistance for their daily lives and were candidates for revascularization. Measures of frailty severity, as well as age and inflammatory markers, had a relatively large predictive impact on one-year mortality risk compared with comorbidities and limb severity in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Takahara
- Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, and Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Osamu Iida
- Cardiovascular Center, Kansai Rosai Hospital
| | | | - Nobuyoshi Azuma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University
| | - Shinsuke Nanto
- Department of Cardiology, Nishinomiya Municipal Central Hospital
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García-Gaytán AC, Miranda-Anaya M, Turrubiate I, López-De Portugal L, Bocanegra-Botello GN, López-Islas A, Díaz-Muñoz M, Méndez I. Synchronization of the circadian clock by time-restricted feeding with progressive increasing calorie intake. Resemblances and differences regarding a sustained hypocaloric restriction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10036. [PMID: 32572063 PMCID: PMC7308331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are the product of the interaction of molecular clocks and environmental signals, such as light-dark cycles and eating-fasting cycles. Several studies have demonstrated that the circadian rhythm of peripheral clocks, and behavioural and metabolic mediators are re-synchronized in rodents fed under metabolic challenges, such as hyper- or hypocaloric diets and subjected to time-restricted feeding protocols. Despite the metabolic challenge, these approaches improve the metabolic status, raising the enquiry whether removing progressively the hypocaloric challenge in a time-restricted feeding protocol leads to metabolic benefits by the synchronizing effect. To address this issue, we compared the effects of two time-restricted feeding protocols, one involved hypocaloric intake during the entire protocol (HCT) and the other implied a progressive intake accomplishing a normocaloric intake at the end of the protocol (NCT) on several behavioural, metabolic, and molecular rhythmic parameters. We observed that the food anticipatory activity (FAA) was driven and maintained in both HCT and NCT. Resynchronization of hepatic molecular clock, free fatty acids (FFAs), and FGF21 was elicited closely by HCT and NCT. We further observed that the fasting cycles involved in both protocols promoted ketone body production, preferentially beta-hydroxybutyrate in HCT, whereas acetoacetate was favoured in NCT before access to food. These findings demonstrate that time-restricted feeding does not require a sustained calorie restriction for promoting and maintaining the synchronization of the metabolic and behavioural circadian clock, and suggest that metabolic modulators, such as FFAs and FGF21, could contribute to FAA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina García-Gaytán
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - Manuel Miranda-Anaya
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - Isaías Turrubiate
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - Leonardo López-De Portugal
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | | | - Amairani López-Islas
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - Isabel Méndez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México.
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García-Gaytán AC, Miranda-Anaya M, Turrubiate I, López-De Portugal L, Bocanegra-Botello GN, López-Islas A, Díaz-Muñoz M, Méndez I. Synchronization of the circadian clock by time-restricted feeding with progressive increasing calorie intake. Resemblances and differences regarding a sustained hypocaloric restriction. Sci Rep 2020. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCircadian rhythms are the product of the interaction of molecular clocks and environmental signals, such as light-dark cycles and eating-fasting cycles. Several studies have demonstrated that the circadian rhythm of peripheral clocks, and behavioural and metabolic mediators are re-synchronized in rodents fed under metabolic challenges, such as hyper- or hypocaloric diets and subjected to time-restricted feeding protocols. Despite the metabolic challenge, these approaches improve the metabolic status, raising the enquiry whether removing progressively the hypocaloric challenge in a time-restricted feeding protocol leads to metabolic benefits by the synchronizing effect. To address this issue, we compared the effects of two time-restricted feeding protocols, one involved hypocaloric intake during the entire protocol (HCT) and the other implied a progressive intake accomplishing a normocaloric intake at the end of the protocol (NCT) on several behavioural, metabolic, and molecular rhythmic parameters. We observed that the food anticipatory activity (FAA) was driven and maintained in both HCT and NCT. Resynchronization of hepatic molecular clock, free fatty acids (FFAs), and FGF21 was elicited closely by HCT and NCT. We further observed that the fasting cycles involved in both protocols promoted ketone body production, preferentially beta-hydroxybutyrate in HCT, whereas acetoacetate was favoured in NCT before access to food. These findings demonstrate that time-restricted feeding does not require a sustained calorie restriction for promoting and maintaining the synchronization of the metabolic and behavioural circadian clock, and suggest that metabolic modulators, such as FFAs and FGF21, could contribute to FAA expression.
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Azuma N, Takahara M, Kodama A, Soga Y, Terashi H, Tazaki J, Yamaoka T, Koya A, Iida O. Predictive Model for Mortality Risk Including the Wound, Ischemia, Foot Infection Classification in Patients Undergoing Revascularization for Critical Limb Ischemia. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 12:e008015. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.119.008015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background:
The aim of this study was to develop a predictive model for mortality risk based on preoperative risk factors, including the Wound, Ischemia, Foot Infection (WIfI) classification, in patients undergoing revascularization for critical limb ischemia.
Methods:
We analyzed a database of the Surgical reconstruction versus Peripheral Intervention in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia registry, a multicenter, prospective, observational study that included 520 critical limb ischemia patients (192 surgical and 328 endovascular patients).
Results:
Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified old age, impaired mobility, low body mass index, renal failure, heart failure, and high WIfI grade as independent risk factors for all-cause mortality (all
P
<0.05). The risk score comprising these risk factors discriminated the mortality risk well; the 2-year survival rate was >90% in the first quantile of the risk score and ≈20% in the fifth quantile. The area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.829 for thirty-day mortality and 0.811 for 2-year mortality. Adding more detailed preoperative information to the predictive model revealed that cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, and cholinesterase levels were additional independent risk factors, but the predictive accuracy of the model was not significantly improved, according to the time-dependent receiver operating characteristics curve and net reclassification improvement.
Conclusions:
The current study developed a risk score for mortality using preoperative risk factors, including the WIfI classification, in critical limb ischemia patients undergoing revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Azuma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan (N.A., A.K.)
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takahara
- Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, and Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Akio Kodama
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan (A.K.)
| | - Yoshimitsu Soga
- Department of Cardiology, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (Y.S.)
| | - Hiroto Terashi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Junichi Tazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (J.T.)
| | - Terutoshi Yamaoka
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Japan (T.Y)
| | - Atsuhiro Koya
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan (N.A., A.K.)
| | - Osamu Iida
- Cardiovascular Center, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan (O.I.)
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Changes in Cholinesterase Activity in Blood of Adolescent with Metabolic Syndrome after Supplementation with Extract from Aronia melanocarpa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5670145. [PMID: 29780825 PMCID: PMC5892303 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5670145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are growing problems among children and adolescents. There are no reports of changes in the activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome especially after supplementation with extract from Aronia melanocarpa. Materials studied included plasma and erythrocytes isolated from peripheral blood of patients with MetS and healthy subjects. We have estimated the following parameters: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity, lipid peroxidation and lipids levels in plasma, and erythrocytes membrane. In patients with MetS, a significant increase in AChE and BChE activity, higher LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels, and lower HDL-cholesterol level were observed. Supplementation with A. melanocarpa extract resulted in mild but statistically significant reduction of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triacylglycerol levels and caused an increase in HDL-cholesterol level and a decrease in lipid peroxidation in plasma patients with MetS. Additionally, a decrease in lipid peroxidation and cholesterol level and a decrease in AChE activity in the erythrocyte membranes after supplementation with A. melanocarpa were noted. Summarizing, an increase in AChE and BChE activity and disruption of lipid metabolism in patients with MetS were observed. After supplementation of MetS patients with A. melanocarpa extract, a decrease in AChE activity and oxidative stress was noted.
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Gonzalez V, Huen K, Venkat S, Pratt K, Xiang P, Harley KG, Kogut K, Trujillo CM, Bradman A, Eskenazi B, Holland NT. Cholinesterase and paraoxonase (PON1) enzyme activities in Mexican-American mothers and children from an agricultural community. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2012; 22:641-8. [PMID: 22760442 PMCID: PMC4123814 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2012.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides can lead to neurotoxic effects through inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes. The paraoxonase (PON1) enzyme can detoxify oxon derivatives of some organophosphates. Lower PON1, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase activities have been reported in newborns relative to adults, suggesting increased susceptibility to organophosphate exposure in young children. We determined PON1, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase activities in Mexican-American mothers and their 9-year-old children (n=202 pairs) living in an agricultural community. We used Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to compare enzymatic activities among mothers and their children, and analysis of variance to identify factors associated with enzyme activities. Substrate-specific PON1 activities were slightly lower in children than their mothers; however, these differences were only statistically significant for the paraoxon substrate. We observed significantly lower acetylcholinesterase but higher butyrylcholinesterase levels in children compared with their mothers. Mean butyrylcholinesterase levels were strongly associated with child obesity status (body mass index Z scores >95%). We observed highly significant correlations among mother-child pairs for each of the enzymatic activities analyzed; however, PON1 activities did not correlate with acetylcholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase activities. Our findings suggest that by age 9 years, PON1 activities approach adult levels, and host factors including sex and obesity may affect key enzymes involved in pesticide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Gonzalez
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, 50 University Hall, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7360, USA
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Millward DJ, Stephen JML. In Memoriam: John Waterlow, CMG, FRS,FRCP, DSc. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94:1383-91. [PMID: 22303542 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.026765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Joe Millward
- Division of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesGuildford, Surrey GU2 7XHUnited Kingdom,
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Abstract
Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) are set for healthy individuals living in clean environments. There are no generally accepted RNIs for those with moderate malnutrition, wasting, and stunting, who live in poor environments. Two sets of recommendations are made for the dietary intake of 30 essential nutrients in children with moderate malnutrition who require accelerated growth to regain normality: first, for those moderately malnourished children who will receive specially formulated foods and diets; and second, for those who are to take mixtures of locally available foods over a longer term to treat or prevent moderate stunting and wasting. Because of the change in definition of severe malnutrition, much of the older literature is pertinent to the moderately wasted or stunted child. A factorial approach has been used in deriving the recommendations for both functional, protective nutrients (type I) and growth nutrients (type II).
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Li B, Duysen EG, Lockridge O. The butyrylcholinesterase knockout mouse is obese on a high-fat diet. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 175:88-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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