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Patel P, Patte KA, Storey K, Leatherdale ST, Pabayo R. Exploring the association between income inequality and sleep in Canadian adolescents: A path analysis approach. Sleep Health 2024:S2352-7218(24)00064-0. [PMID: 38714386 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An estimated 30% of Canadian adolescents do not get the recommended 8-10hours of sleep. No prior study has examined the role of income inequality, the gap between rich and poor within a society, in adolescent sleep. The aim of this study is to examine the association between income inequality and sleep duration among Canadian adolescents, how this association differs by gender, and whether depressive symptoms, anxiety, and social cohesion mediate this relationship. METHODS Multilevel path models were conducted using cross-sectional survey data from 74,501 adolescents who participated in the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol use, Smoking, and Sedentary behavior (COMPASS) study in 2018-2019. Income inequality was measured at the census division level and sleep duration, gender, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and social cohesion were measured at the individual level. RESULTS A 1% increase in income inequality was associated with a 3.67-minute decrease in sleep duration (95% CI=-5.64 to -1.70). The cross-level interactions between income inequality and gender were significant, suggesting that income inequality has more adverse associations with sleep among females than males. Both depressive symptoms and anxiety were significant mediators, wherein greater income inequality was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and anxiety, which were in turn, associated with a shorter sleep duration. CONCLUSION Interventions that reduce income inequality may prevent depressive symptoms and anxiety and improve sleep in adolescents. Reducing societal income gaps may improve adolescent sleep especially in those attending school in high income inequality areas, females, and those experiencing depressive symptoms and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Patel
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Karen A Patte
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kate Storey
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roman Pabayo
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Lieb M, Erim Y, Morawa E. Development and validation of a questionnaire for measuring team cohesion: the Erlangen Team Cohesion at Work Scale (ETC). BMC Psychol 2024; 12:91. [PMID: 38388465 PMCID: PMC10885512 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Team cohesion is a crucial factor when it comes to job satisfaction and turnovers. However, in Germany, economic measures for team cohesion are scarce. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an economic self-report questionnaire for measuring team cohesion in a work setting in health care. METHODS The questionnaire was developed in a stepwise procedure. After item analysis, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess factor structure. Reliability was tested via internal consistency. To assess convergent and divergent validity, we applied the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), the Perceived Cohesion Scale (PCS), the ENRICHD Social Support Inventory (ESSI), the Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale (ERI) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), respectively. RESULTS The pilot version was tested in a sample of n = 126 adult nurses. Item analysis resulted in a total of 13 items for the final version. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a two-factor structure. Internal consistency for the two subscales was good, with α = 0.88 and α = 0.84, respectively. Convergent validity with the subscales of COPSOQ and PCS was moderate to high (r =.26- r =.64). For divergent validity, correlations with the ESSI were low (r =.01- r = -.09). We further found significant correlations with depression symptoms (r=-.22- r=-.37), as well as reward (ERI) (r =.41 -r =.47) and effort (ERI) (r=-.20 - r = -.24). CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated the Erlangen Team Cohesion at Work Scale (ETC), a self-report measure for team cohesion with very good psychometric properties. Due to its economic deployment, it is suitable for measuring team cohesion in work settings, especially in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Lieb
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Morawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Ma X, Bai W, Yu F, Yang F, Yin J, Shi H, Niu Y, Wang L. The effect of neighborhood social cohesion on life satisfaction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: the chain mediating role of depressive symptoms and sleep quality. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1257268. [PMID: 38162623 PMCID: PMC10757367 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1257268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Although most studies have shown that neighborhood social cohesion (NSC) is associated with life satisfaction among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it remains unclear how NSC is linked to life satisfaction. The present study aims to examine the potential mediation effect of depressive symptoms and sleep quality on the relationship between NSC and life satisfaction among Chinese individuals with T2DM. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August 2019 to November 2020 involving 1747 T2DM patients. The main information was obtained using the Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale (CES-D), self-report sleep quality and life satisfaction questionnaire and NSC scales. Mediation analyses were performed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS. Results The results manifested that the NSC was positively associated with sleep quality (r = 0.219) and life satisfaction (r = 0.214), while negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (r = -0.232). Depressive symptoms were found to be negatively associated with life satisfaction (r = -0.263). NSC influenced life satisfaction through three mediating pathways: (a) depressive symptoms (effect = 0.0081); (b) depressive symptoms and sleep quality (effect = 0.0019); and (c) sleep quality (effect = 0.0015). The total mediating effect accounted for 28.1% of the overall effect. Conclusion Our findings support the hypothesis that depressive symptoms and sleep quality mediated the relationship between NSC and life satisfaction in patients with T2DM. It is important to encourage T2DM patients to participate in social interactions and enhance their level of NSC. Additionally, efforts should be made to actively reduce depressive symptoms and improve sleep quality, so as to improve their life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Ma
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, Zhongwei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongwei, China
| | - Fan Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiaxin Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Huilian Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yang Niu
- Key Laboratory of the Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Ingham N, Labonté K, Dube L, Paquet C, Nielsen DE. A More Supportive Social Environment May Protect Against Nutritional Risk: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Using Data From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. J Nutr 2023; 153:1793-1802. [PMID: 37277163 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional risk has been linked to individual social factors, but the relationship with the overall social environment has not been assessed. OBJECTIVES To evaluate associations between different support profiles of the social environment and nutritional risk using cross-sectional data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 20,206). Subgroup analyses were performed among middle-aged (range, 45-64 y; n = 12,726) and older-aged (≥65 y, n = 7480) adults. Consumption of major food groups [whole grains, proteins, dairy products, and fruits and vegetables (FV)] by social environment profile was a secondary outcome. METHODS Latent structure analysis (LSA) classified participants into social environment profiles according to data on network size, social participation, social support, social cohesion, and social isolation. Nutritional risk and food group consumption were assessed with the SCREEN-II-AB and Short Dietary questionnaires, respectively. ANCOVA was conducted to compare SCREEN-II-AB mean scores by social environment profile, adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Models were repeated to compare mean food group consumption (times/day) by social environment profile. RESULTS LSA identified 3 social environment profiles classified as low, medium, and high support (17%, 40%, and 42% of the sample, respectively). Adjusted mean SCREEN-II-AB scores significantly increased with increasing social environment support, with the low support score indicating high nutritional risk status [low, medium, high support, respectively: 37.1 (99% CI: 36.9, 37.4), 39.3 (39.2, 39.5), 40.3 (40.2, 40.5), all comparisons P < 0.0001]. Results were consistent among age subgroups. The low support social environment profile had lower consumption of protein [low, medium, high support, respectively (mean ± SD): 2.17 ± 0.09, 2.21 ± 0.07, 2.23 ± 0.08, P = 0.004], dairy (2.32 ± 0.23, 2.40 ± 0.20, 2.38 ± 0.21, P = 0.009), and FV (3.65 ± 0.23, 3.94 ± 0.20, 4.08 ± 0.21, P < 0.0001), with some variation among age subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The low support social environment profile had the poorest nutritional outcomes. Therefore, a more supportive social environment may protect against nutritional risk among middle- and older-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ingham
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Katherine Labonté
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Laurette Dube
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Paquet
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), INAF, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daiva E Nielsen
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada.
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Do AD, Pham TTP, Nguyen CQ, Van Hoang D, Fukunaga A, Yamamoto S, Shrestha RM, Phan DC, Hachiya M, Van Huynh D, Le HX, Do HT, Mizoue T, Inoue Y. Different associations of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with the prevalence of hypertension among middle-aged community dwellers in rural Khánh Hòa, Vietnam. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:713. [PMID: 37076854 PMCID: PMC10116664 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to high-income countries where physical activity (PA), particularly leisure-time PA, has been shown to be protective against hypertension, few studies have been conducted in low- and middle-income countries. We examined the cross-sectional association between PA and hypertension prevalence among rural residents in Vietnam. METHODS We used data collected in the baseline survey of a prospective cohort study, among 3000 people aged 40-60 years old residing in rural Khánh Hòa, Vietnam. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or the use of antihypertensive medication. We assessed occupational PA and leisure-time PA using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. A robust Poisson regression model was used to investigate the associations, with adjustment for covariates. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension was 39.6%. After adjusting for socio-demographic and lifestyle-related variables, leisure-time PA was positively associated with hypertension prevalence (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.03 per 10 MET-hour/week, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.06). Occupational PA was inversely associated with hypertension prevalence (PR: 0.98 per 50 MET-hour/week, 95% CI = 0.96-0.996). After adjusting for BMI and other health-related variables, the association related to occupational PA became statistically non-significant, while the association related to leisure-time PA remained statistically significant. CONCLUSION In contrast to previous studies in high-income countries, we found that leisure-time PA was positively associated with hypertension prevalence and occupational PA was associated with a lower hypertension prevalence. This suggests that the association between PA and hypertension might differ depending on the context.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Dang Do
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thuy Thi Phuong Pham
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Nutrition, Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam
| | - Chau Que Nguyen
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Nutrition, Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam
| | - Dong Van Hoang
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ami Fukunaga
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rachana Manandhar Shrestha
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Danh Cong Phan
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Nutrition, Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam
| | - Masahiko Hachiya
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dong Van Huynh
- Khánh Hòa Center for Disease Control, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam
| | - Huy Xuan Le
- Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam
| | - Hung Thai Do
- Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Inoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Iriarte E, Larson ME, Behar-Zusman V. The Impact of COVID-19 Household Isolation on Conflict and Cohesion in One-, Two-, and Three-Generation Households With Older Adults. J Gerontol Nurs 2023; 49:47-56. [PMID: 36989472 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20230310-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The current cross-sectional study examined the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) household isolation on household conflict and cohesion in one-, two-, and three-generation households with older adults (aged ≥65 years). Participants were 757 adults (aged ≥18 years) with at least one older adult in their household. Respondents were from 51 countries. Study variables were measured with the COVID-19 Household Environmental Scale. Non-parametric tests were used to assess differences between groups. Most participants (n = 437, 57.7%) lived in three-generation homes. Three-generation homes reported greater increases in conflict (p < 0.001) and cohesion (p < 0.001) during household isolation compared to oneand two-generation homes. Findings suggest that older adults living in multigenerational households experienced more cohesive and conflictive household environments as a function of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research should explore how family or health care interventions could better support older adults and families as a unit of care to avoid adverse outcomes and boost resilience. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 49(4), 47-56.].
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Do AD, Pham TTP, Nguyen CQ, Hoang DV, Fukunaga A, Stickley A, Yazawa A, Phan DC, Hachiya M, Jimba M, Huynh DV, Le HX, Do HT, Mizoue T, Inoue Y. Individual-level social capital is associated with depressive symptoms among middle-aged community dwellers in rural Vietnam: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064998. [PMID: 36600355 PMCID: PMC9730365 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There has been comparatively little research on the association between social capital and depressive symptoms in low- and middle-income countries. To address this deficit this study examined the association among middle-aged adults in rural Vietnam. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Data came from the baseline survey of the Khánh Hòa Cardiovascular Study, which is an ongoing prospective cohort study aiming to elucidate the determinants of cardiovascular diseases. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3000 people aged 40-60 years old residing in rural communes in Khánh Hòa province, Vietnam. EXPOSURE OF INTEREST Cognitive social capital (ie, low, middle and high) and structural social capital (in terms of social participation; yes or no) were assessed via a questionnaire. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 11-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. RESULTS A robust Poisson regression model revealed that adults in the highest versus lowest cognitive social capital tertile had a 61% lower prevalence of depressive symptoms (prevalence ratio (PR)=0.39, 95% CI=0.31 to 0.49). Individuals with higher structural social capital were also significantly less likely to experience depressive symptoms (PR=0.74, 95% CI=0.61 to 0.90). CONCLUSION In a cohort of 3000 middle-aged rural residents in Vietnam, both cognitive and structural social capital assessed at the individual level were inversely associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Dang Do
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thuy Thi Phuong Pham
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Nutrition, Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Chau Que Nguyen
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Nutrition, Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Dong Van Hoang
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ami Fukunaga
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew Stickley
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Yazawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danh Cong Phan
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Nutrition, Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Masahiko Hachiya
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamine Jimba
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dong Van Huynh
- Khanh Hoa Center for Diseases Control, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Huy Xuan Le
- Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Hung Thai Do
- Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Inoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wester CT, Bovil T, Scheel-Hincke LL, Ahrenfeldt LJ, Möller S, Andersen-Ranberg K. Longitudinal changes in mental health following the COVID-19 lockdown: Results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Ann Epidemiol 2022; 74:21-30. [PMID: 35660005 PMCID: PMC9159781 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Chum A, Teo C, Azra KK. Does the longitudinal association between neighbourhood cohesion and mental health differ by ethnicity? Results from the UK Household Longitudinal Survey. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:859-872. [PMID: 34241637 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While the association between neighbourhood cohesion and mental health has been widely studied in the general population, the effects of neighbourhood cohesion across ethnic groups are not well understood. Ethnicity is often left out of study design, many studies do not consider effect modification by ethnicity, or they rely on overly simplistic ethnic categories. METHODS Data from the UK household longitudinal study were used to investigate whether changes in neighbourhood cohesion are independently associated with changes in mental health (measured using the GHQ) over 9 years (2009-2018), and whether the association differed across 17 ethnic groups. The study used a fixed-effect modeling approach that includes within-person estimators that allow each participant to act as their own control. RESULTS Compared to British White, the following ethnic groups all saw a similar improvement in GHQ (- 0.76, 95% CI - 0.83 to - 0.70) for each point increase in neighbourhood cohesion: Irish, any other White, White and Asian mixed, Chinese, Caribbean, African, any other Black, Arab, and others. Some ethnic groups saw stronger improvements in mental for each point increase in neighbourhood cohesion, including White and Black Caribbean mixed, any other mixed, Indian, Pakistani, any other Asian, with the strongest effect seen in Bangladeshi participants (- 2.52. 95% CI - 3.48 to - 1.56). CONCLUSION Our study highlights the importance of ethnocultural data in research examining neighbourhood effects on mental health. Future research should evaluate policies to improve neighbourhood cohesion for ethnic minorities to address ethnic mental health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Chum
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 4A, Canada. .,MAP Center for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, M5V 1W8, Canada.
| | - Celine Teo
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 4A, Canada
| | - Karanpreet Kaur Azra
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 4A, Canada
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Verspoor E, Beenackers MA, Oude Groeniger J, van Lenthe FJ. Do perceived social neighborhood factors explain the association between neighborhood age composition and mental health among Dutch older adults? BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1390. [PMID: 34256726 PMCID: PMC8278722 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the light of urbanization and aging, a crucially relevant policy question is how to shape neighborhoods to foster healthy aging. An important debate is whether older adults should group in neighborhoods, or whether a more mixed neighborhood age composition is more beneficial to health and well-being. We therefore assessed the association between neighborhood age structure and mental health and the mediating role of individual perceptions of neighborhood social factors. METHODS We conducted multivariable linear regression models and causal mediation analyses in 1255 older adults of the Dutch Globe study. The neighborhood age structure was measured in 2011 as the homogeneity of the age composition (using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, range from 0 to 100, a higher score indicating more homogeneity) and the percentage of specific age groups in a neighborhood. Mental health was measured in 2014 by the Mental Health Inventory-5 score (range 0 to 100, a higher score indicating better mental health). Potential mediators were assessed in 2011 and included perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion, feeling at home in a neighborhood, and social participation. RESULTS A more homogeneous age composition (not specified for age) and a higher percentage of children living in a neighborhood were associated with better mental health, the other age categories were not. Social cohesion, feeling at home and social participation did not mediate the associations. CONCLUSIONS The neighborhood age composition may be an interesting but currently insufficiently understood entry point for policies to improve older adult's mental health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Verspoor
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle A Beenackers
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Joost Oude Groeniger
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Administration and Sociology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J van Lenthe
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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11
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Teo C, Chum A. The effect of neighbourhood cohesion on mental health across sexual orientations: A longitudinal study. Soc Sci Med 2020; 265:113499. [PMID: 33213945 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Given the persistent mental health disparities between sexual minorities and the general population, social epidemiological research should address this disparity by investigating the differential impact of neighbourhood social environments across sexual orientations. There is growing evidence that neighbourhood cohesion, conceptualized as a sense of belonging and social connection, is an important social determinant of mental health in the general population, but little is known about its impact across sexual orientations. Using data from the UK household longitudinal study (2009-2018) including waves 1, 3, 6, and 9 ( n = 52,903), this paper examined the longitudinal relationship between neighbourhood cohesion and mental health (using GHQ-12) across sexual orientations. A fixed-effect regression approach was taken to model the within-person change over time in GHQ predicted by neighbourhood cohesion with disaggregated analyses by gender and sexual orientation. Across all sexual orientations and genders, individuals who experienced an increase in neighbourhood cohesion also saw an improvement in their mental health over time. Moreover, the effect of neighbourhood cohesion on mental health over time differed by sexual orientation. Each 1-point increase in neighbourhood cohesion (on a 5-point scale) lead to mental health improvements of -0.8 GHQ score (95%CI -0.89 to -0.71) for heterosexual males at the lowest end, and up to -1.71 GHQ score (95%CI -2.31 to - 1.11) for homosexual men at the highest end. Given that the study demonstrates notable differences in the effects of neighbourhood social environment across gender and sexual orientations, this points to the need to consider sexual orientation (along with gender) as a key modifier in research involving neighbourhood effects. Future studies should evaluate the effectiveness of specific policies aimed at improving neighbourhood social environment for sexual minorities to help close mental health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Teo
- Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Antony Chum
- Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada; Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada.
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Tsai DH, Foster S, Gmel G, Mohler-Kuo M. Social cohesion, depression, and substance use severity among young men: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses from a Swiss cohort. Addict Behav 2020; 110:106510. [PMID: 32623236 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social cohesion, depression, and problematic substance use are intertwined and poorly understood.This study aimed to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between social cohesion, depression and problematic substance use amongyoung men, age 21-25. METHODS We used 2nd wave (t1, 2012-2014, N = 6020) and 3rd wave (t2, 2016-2018) data from the on-going Swiss CohortStudy on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF), assessing social cohesion, depression, and severity of alcohol, nicotine and cannabis use during both waves. Structural Equation Models (SEMs) were employed to examine pathways in both waves under the framework of longitudinal analysis. RESULTS Social cohesion was directly associated with depression and problem nicotine and cannabis use and indirectly associated with problem alcohol, nicotine and cannabis use through depression at both t1 and t2. Social cohesion exerted direct effects on nicotine use and cannabis use severity, but not on alcohol use severity. Social cohesion had indirect effects on problem use of all three substances, mediated via depression. The predictive direction was from depression to substance use, rather than vice versa. CONCLUSIONS Higher social cohesion at an early age appears to protect young males from depression and problematic substance use later in life. However, once problematic substance use is established, the direct effect of social cohesion diminishes and is mediated through personal depression. Therefore, promoting a more cohesiveneighborhood in childhood or adolescenthood could play an important role preventing depression and more severe substance use behaviors.
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Cermakova P, Pikhart H, Kubinova R, Bobak M. Education as inefficient resource against depressive symptoms in the Czech Republic: cross-sectional analysis of the HAPIEE study. Eur J Public Health 2020; 30:948-952. [PMID: 32335678 PMCID: PMC7536251 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing educational level of the population could be a strategy to prevent depression. We investigated whether education may offer a greater benefit for mental health to women and to individuals living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study using data on 6964 Czech participants of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe study (on average 58 years old; 53% women). Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association of education with depressive symptoms, adjusting for several groups of covariates. Interactions were tested between education and sex as well as between education and socioeconomic advantage of the area of residence. RESULTS Higher education was strongly associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms, independently of sociodemographic characteristics, health behavior and somatic diseases. This association was attenuated after adjusting for other markers of individual socioeconomic position (work activity, material deprivation and household items). There were no interactions between education and either sex or socioeconomic advantage of the area of residence. CONCLUSIONS We did not find an independent association between education and depressive symptoms after controlling for other socioeconomic markers in a sample with a formative history of communistic ideologies. Women or individuals from socioeconomically disadvantaged areas do not seem to gain a larger mental health benefit from education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Cermakova
- Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ruzena Kubinova
- Centre for Environmental Health Monitoring, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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Abstract
Poverty and social exclusion are closely related to an increased risk for the deterioration of mental health. In 2018 approximately 19% of the German population were threatened by poverty and the associated social ostracization. Migrant groups in particular often show an increased risk for poverty and are often exposed to multiple socioeconomic stress factors depending on the context of migration, pre-migration and post-migration social factors. Numerous studies have shown that societal exclusion, precarious living conditions and the residential environment negatively affect mental health beyond the effects of pre-migration risk factors. This article provides a review and discussion on the relationship between mental health, poverty and related constructs, such as social cohesion, social capital and social exclusion in general as well as in specific risk groups, such as migrant and refugee populations.
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Koga C, Hanazato M, Tsuji T, Suzuki N, Kondo K. Elder Abuse and Social Capital in Older Adults: The Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Gerontology 2019; 66:149-159. [PMID: 31514199 DOI: 10.1159/000502544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elder abuse is a serious public health issue worldwide, but large-scale epidemiologic studies remain sparse. Although social factors in human relations such as social support and social isolation have been proposed as the factors related to elder abuse, cognitive social capital has not been examined. OBJECTIVE This study aims to clarify the prevalence of and the factors associated with elder abuse among independent older adults in Japan. METHODS The study design is a retrospective observational study. The data were derived from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). These self-report data were collected from 26,229 people aged 65 years or older living in 28 municipalities in 2013. The types of elder abuse and factors associated with them were examined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of elder abuse among the sample was 12.3% (11.1% in males and 13.3 in females). In the entire sample, physical, psychological, and financial abuses were reported to be 1.26, 11.12, and 1.45%, respectively. Factors associated with increased odds of experiencing abuse were being a woman, living with family members, having poor self-rated health, and having mild or severe depression. By contrast, age ≥85 years, being widowed, or unmarried, and having a positive view of community trust were associated with a lower risk of experiencing abuse. CONCLUSION While particular demographic factors and health are associated with a greater risk of elder abuse, our findings that trust within the community lessens the risk indicates the importance of social capital. This should be taken into consideration when developing population-based strategies to prevent elder abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Koga
- Division of Advanced Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba, Japan,
| | | | - Taishi Tsuji
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norimichi Suzuki
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Center for Gerontology and Social Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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Kim J, Kim J, Han A. Leisure Time Physical Activity Mediates the Relationship Between Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Mental Health Among Older Adults. J Appl Gerontol 2019; 39:292-300. [PMID: 31271089 DOI: 10.1177/0733464819859199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neighborhood social cohesion can contribute to leisure time physical activity (LTPA) involvement and psychological well-being. In spite of the value of neighborhood social cohesion for health benefits, there is a dearth of empirical study that explores how neighborhood social cohesion influences LTPA and mental health among older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association among neighborhood social cohesion, light-to-moderate and vigorous LTPA, and mental health in a representative sample of U.S. older adults (n = 6,412). Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that older adults who perceived neighborhood social cohesion were more likely to participate in light-to-moderate and vigorous LTPA, which in turn resulted in better mental health. This study confirmed the importance of neighborhood social cohesion in promoting older adults' health-related behaviors and mental health. The practical implications on how to promote mental health among older adults, as well as future research directions were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Areum Han
- Texas State University, San Marcos, USA
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Jennings V, Bamkole O. The Relationship between Social Cohesion and Urban Green Space: An Avenue for Health Promotion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030452. [PMID: 30720732 PMCID: PMC6388234 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social cohesion involves the interpersonal dynamics and sense of connection among people. Increased social cohesion can be associated with various physical and psychological health benefits. The presence of urban green spaces can encourage positive social interactions that cultivate social cohesion in ways that enhance health and well-being. Urban green spaces have also been linked to positive health behaviors and outcomes including increased physical activity and social engagement. Understanding the relationship between social cohesion and urban green space is important for informing holistic approaches to health. In this article, we discuss how positive interactions in urban green space can catalyze social cohesion, social capital and critical health-promoting behaviors that may enhance psychological health and well-being. We also summarize the strengths and limitations of previous studies and suggest directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viniece Jennings
- Southern Research Station, Integrating Human and Natural Systems, USDA Forest Service, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Omoshalewa Bamkole
- Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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