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Gujar S, Pol JG, Kumar V, Lizarralde-Guerrero M, Konda P, Kroemer G, Bell JC. Tutorial: design, production and testing of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-00985-1. [PMID: 38769145 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a novel class of cancer immunotherapy agents that preferentially infect and kill cancer cells and promote protective antitumor immunity. Furthermore, OVs can be used in combination with established or upcoming immunotherapeutic agents, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, to efficiently target a wide range of malignancies. The development of OV-based therapy involves three major steps before clinical evaluation: design, production and preclinical testing. OVs can be designed as natural or engineered strains and subsequently selected for their ability to kill a broad spectrum of cancer cells rather than normal, healthy cells. OV selection is further influenced by multiple factors, such as the availability of a specific viral platform, cancer cell permissivity, the need for genetic engineering to render the virus non-pathogenic and/or more effective and logistical considerations around the use of OVs within the laboratory or clinical setting. Selected OVs are then produced and tested for their anticancer potential by using syngeneic, xenograft or humanized preclinical models wherein immunocompromised and immunocompetent setups are used to elucidate their direct oncolytic ability as well as indirect immunotherapeutic potential in vivo. Finally, OVs demonstrating the desired anticancer potential progress toward translation in patients with cancer. This tutorial provides guidelines for the design, production and preclinical testing of OVs, emphasizing considerations specific to OV technology that determine their clinical utility as cancer immunotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jonathan G Pol
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Vishnupriyan Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Manuela Lizarralde-Guerrero
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Prathyusha Konda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - John C Bell
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Luo X, Zeng M. Combination low-dose cyclophosphamide with check-point blockade and ionizing radiation promote an abscopal effect in mouse models of melanoma. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:718-725. [PMID: 38687945 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_616_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The complex strategy of hypo-fractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) can stimulate a potential systemic antitumor response; however, the abscopal effect is always precluded by the tumor microenvironment, which may limit sufficient T-cell infiltration of distant nonirradiated tumors for certain kinds of inhibitory factors, such as regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Additionally, low-dose cyclophosphamide (LD-CYC) can specifically kill regulatory Tregs and strongly synergize antigen-specific immune responses, which could promote an abscopal effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS We explored whether a triple regimen consisting of HFRT, ICI, and LD-CYC could achieve a better systemic antitumor response in bilateral mouse tumor models. RESULT Our data demonstrate that LD-CYC combined with HFRT and antiprogrammed cell death ligand 1 (PDL-1) therapy could enhance the abscopal effect than only HFRT/antiPDL-1 or HFRT alone. Surprisingly, repeat CYC doses cannot further restrain tumor proliferation but can prolong murine overall survival, as revealed by the major pathologic responses. These results are associated with increased CD8 + effector T-cell infiltration, although LD-CYC did not upregulate PDL-1 expression in the tumor. CONCLUSIONS Compared with traditional strategies, for the first time, we demonstrated that a triple treatment strategy remarkably increased the number of radiation-induced tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T-cells, effectively decreasing infiltrating Tregs, and promoting an abscopal effect. Thus, we describe a novel and effective therapeutic approach by combining multiple strategies to target several tumor-mediated immune inhibitory mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/radiation effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/radiation effects
- Female
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Radiation, Ionizing
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/administration & dosage
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Humans
- Cell Line, Tumor
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Luo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Key Clinical Specialty of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zeng
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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3
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Agioti S, Zaravinos A. Immune Cytolytic Activity and Strategies for Therapeutic Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3624. [PMID: 38612436 PMCID: PMC11011457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral immune cytolytic activity (CYT), calculated as the geometric mean of granzyme-A (GZMA) and perforin-1 (PRF1) expression, has emerged as a critical factor in cancer immunotherapy, with significant implications for patient prognosis and treatment outcomes. Immune checkpoint pathways, the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME), antigen presentation, and metabolic pathways regulate CYT. Here, we describe the various methods with which we can assess CYT. The detection and analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) using flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry provide important information about immune cell populations within the TME. Gene expression profiling and spatial analysis techniques, such as multiplex immunofluorescence and imaging mass cytometry allow the study of CYT in the context of the TME. We discuss the significant clinical implications that CYT has, as its increased levels are associated with positive clinical outcomes and a favorable prognosis. Moreover, CYT can be used as a prognostic biomarker and aid in patient stratification. Altering CYT through the different methods targeting it, offers promising paths for improving treatment responses. Overall, understanding and modulating CYT is critical for improving cancer immunotherapy. Research into CYT and the factors that influence it has the potential to transform cancer treatment and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Agioti
- Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Zhang L, Pakmehr SA, Shahhosseini R, Hariri M, Fakhrioliaei A, Karkon Shayan F, Xiang W, Karkon Shayan S. Oncolytic viruses improve cancer immunotherapy by reprogramming solid tumor microenvironment. Med Oncol 2023; 41:8. [PMID: 38062315 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have achieved successful results against several types of human tumors, particularly hematological malignancies. However, their clinical results for the treatment of solid tumors remain poor and unsatisfactory. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role by interfering with intratumoral T-cell infiltration, promoting effector T-cell exhaustion, upregulating inhibitory molecules, inducing hypoxia, and so on. Oncolytic viruses are an encouraging biocarrier that could be used in both natural and genetically engineered platforms to induce oncolysis in a targeted manner. Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) contributes to the reprogramming of the TME, thus synergizing the functional effects of current ICIs and CAR T-cell therapy to overcome resistant barriers in solid tumors. Here, we summarize the TME-related inhibitory factors affecting the therapeutic outcomes of ICIs and CAR T cells and discuss the potential of OV-based approaches to alleviate these barriers and improve future therapies for advanced solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, China
| | | | | | - Maryam Hariri
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA
| | | | - Farid Karkon Shayan
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Wenxue Xiang
- The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, China.
| | - Sepideh Karkon Shayan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Bohlool Hospital, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
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5
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Battistoni A, Lantier L, di Tommaso A, Ducournau C, Lajoie L, Samimi M, Coënon L, Rivière C, Epardaud M, Hertereau L, Poupée-Beaugé A, Rieu J, Mévélec MN, Lee GS, Moiré N, Germon S, Dimier-Poisson I. Nasal administration of recombinant Neospora caninum secreting IL-15/IL-15Rα inhibits metastatic melanoma development in lung. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2023-006683. [PMID: 37192784 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastases are the leading cause of mortality in many cancer types and lungs are one of the most common sites of metastasis alongside the liver, brain, and bones. In melanoma, 85% of late-stage patients harbor lung metastases. A local administration could enhance the targeting of metastases while limiting the systemic cytotoxicity. Therefore, intranasal administration of immunotherapeutic agents seems to be a promising approach to preferentially target lung metastases and decrease their burden on cancer mortality. From observations that certain microorganisms induce an acute infection of the tumor microenvironment leading to a local reactivating immune response, microbial-mediated immunotherapy is a next-generation field of investigation in which immunotherapies are engineered to overcome immune surveillance and escape from microenvironmental cancer defenses. METHODS The goal of our study is to evaluate the potential of the intranasal administration of Neospora caninum in a syngeneic C57BL6 mouse model of B16F10 melanoma lung metastases. It also compares the antitumoral properties of a wild-type N. caninum versus N. caninum secreting human interleukin (IL)-15 fused to the sushi domain of the IL-15 receptor α chain, a potent activator of cellular immune responses. RESULTS The treatment of murine lung metastases by intranasal administration of an N. caninum engineered to secrete human IL-15 impairs lung metastases from further progression with only 0,08% of lung surface harboring metastases versus 4,4% in wild-type N. caninum treated mice and 36% in untreated mice. The control of tumor development is associated with a strong increase in numbers, within the lung, of natural killer cells, CD8+ T cells and macrophages, up to twofold, fivefold and sixfold, respectively. Analysis of expression levels of CD86 and CD206 on macrophages surface revealed a polarization of these macrophages towards an antitumoral M1 phenotype. CONCLUSION Administration of IL-15/IL-15Rα-secreting N. caninum through intranasal administration, a non-invasive route, lend further support to N. caninum-demonstrated clear potential as an effective and safe immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of metastatic solid cancers, whose existing therapeutic options are scarce. Combination of this armed protozoa with an intranasal route could reinforce the existing therapeutic arsenal against cancer and narrow the spectrum of incurable cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Battistoni
- Université de Tours, INRAE, ISP, F-37000, Faculté de pharmacie, Tours, France
| | - Louis Lantier
- Université de Tours, INRAE, ISP, F-37000, Faculté de pharmacie, Tours, France
- Kymeris Santé SA, Tours, France
| | - Anne di Tommaso
- Université de Tours, INRAE, ISP, F-37000, Faculté de pharmacie, Tours, France
| | - Céline Ducournau
- Université de Tours, INRAE, ISP, F-37000, Faculté de pharmacie, Tours, France
| | - Laurie Lajoie
- Université de Tours, INRAE, ISP, F-37000, Faculté de pharmacie, Tours, France
| | - Mahtab Samimi
- Department de Dermatologie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Loïs Coënon
- Université de Tours, INRAE, ISP, F-37000, Faculté de pharmacie, Tours, France
| | - Clément Rivière
- Université de Tours, INRAE, ISP, F-37000, Faculté de pharmacie, Tours, France
| | | | - Leslie Hertereau
- Université de Tours, INRAE, ISP, F-37000, Faculté de pharmacie, Tours, France
| | | | - Juliette Rieu
- Université de Tours, INRAE, ISP, F-37000, Faculté de pharmacie, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Moiré
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Stephanie Germon
- Université de Tours, INRAE, ISP, F-37000, Faculté de pharmacie, Tours, France
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The Dilemma of HSV-1 Oncolytic Virus Delivery: The Method Choice and Hurdles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043681. [PMID: 36835091 PMCID: PMC9962028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as effective gene therapy and immunotherapy drugs. As an important gene delivery platform, the integration of exogenous genes into OVs has become a novel path for the advancement of OV therapy, while the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the most commonly used. However, the current mode of administration of HSV-1 oncolytic virus is mainly based on the tumor in situ injection, which limits the application of such OV drugs to a certain extent. Intravenous administration offers a solution to the systemic distribution of OV drugs but is ambiguous in terms of efficacy and safety. The main reason is the synergistic role of innate and adaptive immunity of the immune system in the response against the HSV-1 oncolytic virus, which is rapidly cleared by the body's immune system before it reaches the tumor, a process that is accompanied by side effects. This article reviews different administration methods of HSV-1 oncolytic virus in the process of tumor treatment, especially the research progress in intravenous administration. It also discusses immune constraints and solutions of intravenous administration with the intent to provide new insights into HSV-1 delivery for OV therapy.
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7
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Shoaf ML, Desjardins A. Oncolytic Viral Therapy for Malignant Glioma and Their Application in Clinical Practice. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1818-1831. [PMID: 35674873 PMCID: PMC9723031 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and outcomes remain poor despite the current standard of care multimodal therapy. Oncolytic virotherapy utilizes engineered viruses to exert an anti-tumor effect via both direct oncolysis and stimulation of an immune response within the tumor microenvironment, turning tumors from "cold" to "hot." This has shown promise as a novel therapeutic modality and attempts to circumvent the challenges associated with traditional treatments. Many oncolytic viruses have been investigated in completed and ongoing clinical trials and while safety has been demonstrated, clinical outcomes have been variable, often with only a subgroup of patients showing a significant response. This review summarizes these studies, addresses relevant technical aspects of oncolytic virus administration, and highlights practical considerations to assist providers in appropriately caring for patients treated with oncolytic virotherapy. Additionally, future directions within the field that may help to maximize efficacy of this modality are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison L Shoaf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, PO Box 3624, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Annick Desjardins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, PO Box 3624, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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8
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Tsao SY. Potential of mRNA vaccines to become versatile cancer vaccines. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13:663-674. [PMID: 36160466 PMCID: PMC9476609 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i8.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, therapeutic cancer vaccines have been developed and tried clinically. Way back in the late 19th century, the Father of Immunotherapy, William Coley had discovered that bacterial toxins were effective for inoperable sarcomas. In the 1970s, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine was repurposed, e.g., for advanced melanomas. Then, therapeutic cancer vaccines based on tumor-associated antigens (found on the surfaces of cancer cells) were tried clinically but apparently have not made a really significant clinical impact. For repurposed pathogen vaccines, only the BCG vaccine was approved in 1989 for local application to treat nonmuscle-invading bladder cancers. Although the mildly toxic vaccine adjuvants deliberately added to conventional pathogen vaccines are appropriate for seasonal applications, when repurposed for continual oncology usage, toxicity may be problematic. In 2010, even with the approval of sipuleucel-T as the very first cancer vaccine (dendritic cell) developed for designated prostate cancers, it has also not made a really significant clinical impact. Perhaps more "user friendly" cancer vaccines should be explored. As from approximately 30 years ago, the safety and effectiveness of mRNA vaccination for oncology had already been studied, the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, though disastrous, has given such progressively advancing technology a kickstart. For oncology, other virtues of mRNA vaccines seem advantageous, e.g., rapid and versatile development, convenient modular design, and entirely cell-free synthesis, are being progressively recognized. Moreover, mRNAs encoding various oncology antigens for vaccination may also be tested with the combi-nation of relatively non-toxic modalities of oncology treatments, e.g., metformin or metronomic (low-dose, prolonged administration) chemotherapy. Admittedly, robust clinical data obtained through good quality clinical trials are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Ying Tsao
- Department of Oncology, Hong Kong SAR Oncology Centre, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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Tang C, Li L, Mo T, Na J, Qian Z, Fan D, Sun X, Yao M, Pan L, Huang Y, Zhong L. Oncolytic viral vectors in the era of diversified cancer therapy: from preclinical to clinical. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1682-1701. [PMID: 35612653 PMCID: PMC9131313 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the in-depth research and wide application of immunotherapy recently, new therapies based on oncolytic viruses are expected to create new prospects for cancer treatment via eliminating the suppression of the immune system by tumors. Currently, an increasing number of viruses are developed and engineered, and various virus vectors based on effectively stimulating human immune system to kill tumor cells have been approved for clinical treatment. Although the virus can retard the proliferation of tumor cells, the choice of oncolytic viruses in biological cancer therapy is equally critical given their therapeutic efficacy, safety and adverse effects. Moreover, previously known oncolytic viruses have not been systematically classified. Therefore, in this review, we summarized and distinguished the characteristics of several common types of oncolytic viruses: herpes simplex virus, adenovirus, measles virus, Newcastle disease virus, reovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. Subsequently, we outlined that these oncolytic viral vectors have been transformed from preclinical studies in combination with immunotherapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and nanoparticles into clinical therapeutic strategies for various advanced solid malignancies or circulatory system cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lan Li
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Tong Mo
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jintong Na
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhangbo Qian
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dianfa Fan
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Sun
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Yao
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lina Pan
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Huang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Liping Zhong
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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10
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Tian Y, Xie D, Yang L. Engineering strategies to enhance oncolytic viruses in cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:117. [PMID: 35387984 PMCID: PMC8987060 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as potentially useful platforms in treatment methods for patients with tumors. They preferentially target and kill tumor cells, leaving healthy cells unharmed. In addition to direct oncolysis, the essential and attractive aspect of oncolytic virotherapy is based on the intrinsic induction of both innate and adaptive immune responses. To further augment this efficacious response, OVs have been genetically engineered to express immune regulators that enhance or restore antitumor immunity. Recently, combinations of OVs with other immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), antigen-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) and autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), have led to promising progress in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the intrinsic mechanisms of OVs, describes the optimization strategies for using armed OVs to enhance the effects of antitumor immunity and highlights rational combinations of OVs with other immunotherapies in recent preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaomei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, No. 519, Huixing Road, 643000, Zigong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Li Q, Zhang C, Xilin T, Ji M, Meng X, Zhao Y, Siqin B, Zhang N, Li M. Effects of Koumiss on Intestinal Immune Modulation in Immunosuppressed Rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:765499. [PMID: 35242793 PMCID: PMC8886295 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.765499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Koumiss is a traditional fermented dairy product with health and medicinal benefits. It is very popular in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. The results of relevant studies have shown that koumiss can regulate the gastrointestinal environment, improve the absorption of nutrients, improve the body's intolerance to lactose, enhance the body's immunity, prevent scurvy and atherosclerosis, and aid in the treatment of tuberculosis. However, there are no systematic reports on the effects of koumiss on immunity. In this study, we aimed to decipher the effects of koumiss on intestinal immune modulation. We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis to determine the composition of Koumiss. Using Compound Discoverer software, we compared the mass spectrometry data with the compound information in the online databases ChemSpider and mzCloud to intelligently identify the main chemical components of koumiss. Additionally, we used Mass Frontier small molecule fragmentation libraryTM to determine the structure of fragment ions. A total of 21 components were identified, which clarified the chemical basis of koumiss. These 21 compounds were then used to perform molecular docking with immune-related targets, such as TNF, IL2, IL10, etc. The results indicated good docking activity between most of the compounds and the targets. Then, an immunosuppressive rat model was used to determine the therapeutic effect of koumiss. The results of this study showed that koumiss could, to a certain extent, correct the atrophy of the thymus and spleen in immunosuppressed model rats. The number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio of peripheral blood lymphocytes was also increased. In addition, it could effectively improve the structure of the small intestinal mucosa, which shows that koumiss has a positive effect on the intestinal immune function of immunosuppressed rats. These findings provide an experimental basis for the development and utilization of koumiss as a therapeutic product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Chunjie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Center for Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Tuya Xilin
- Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine, Xilinguole Meng Mongolian General Hospital, Xilinhaote, China
| | - Mingyue Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Xiangxi Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Yulian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Bateer Siqin
- Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine, Xilinguole Meng Mongolian General Hospital, Xilinhaote, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources and Utilization, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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12
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Cook J, Acosta-Medina AA, Peng KW, Lacy M, Russell S. Oncolytic virotherapy - Forging its place in the immunomodulatory paradigm for Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 29:100473. [PMID: 34673439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The treatment focus for multiple myeloma (MM) has recently pivoted towards immune modulating strategies, with T-cell redirection therapies currently at the forefront of drug development. Yet, despite this revolution in treatment, MM remains without a sustainable cure. At the same time, tremendous advancement has been made in recombinant and gene editing techniques for oncolytic viruses (OV), which have increased their tumor specificity, improved safety, and enhanced the oncolytic and immunostimulatory potential. These breakthrough developments in oncolytic virotherapy have opened new avenues for OVs to be used in combination with other immune-based therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) and bispecific T-cell engagers. In this review, the authors place the spotlight on systemic oncolytic virotherapy as an adaptable immunotherapeutic for MM, highlight the unique mechanism of OVs in activating the immune-suppressive marrow microenvironment, and lastly showcase the OV platforms and the promising combination strategies in the pipeline for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselle Cook
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States.
| | | | - Kah Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN , United States
| | - Martha Lacy
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| | - Stephen Russell
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN , United States
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13
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Paillet J, Plantureux C, Lévesque S, Le Naour J, Stoll G, Sauvat A, Caudana P, Tosello Boari J, Bloy N, Lachkar S, Martins I, Opolon P, Checcoli A, Delaune A, Robil N, de la Grange P, Hamroune J, Letourneur F, Autret G, Leung PS, Gershwin ME, Zhu JS, Kurth MJ, Lekbaby B, Augustin J, Kim Y, Gujar S, Coulouarn C, Fouassier L, Zitvogel L, Piaggio E, Housset C, Soussan P, Maiuri MC, Kroemer G, Pol JG. Autoimmunity affecting the biliary tract fuels the immunosurveillance of cholangiocarcinoma. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20200853. [PMID: 34495298 PMCID: PMC8429038 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) results from the malignant transformation of cholangiocytes. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are chronic diseases in which cholangiocytes are primarily damaged. Although PSC is an inflammatory condition predisposing to CCA, CCA is almost never found in the autoimmune context of PBC. Here, we hypothesized that PBC might favor CCA immunosurveillance. In preclinical murine models of cholangitis challenged with syngeneic CCA, PBC (but not PSC) reduced the frequency of CCA development and delayed tumor growth kinetics. This PBC-related effect appeared specific to CCA as it was not observed against other cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. The protective effect of PBC was relying on type 1 and type 2 T cell responses and, to a lesser extent, on B cells. Single-cell TCR/RNA sequencing revealed the existence of TCR clonotypes shared between the liver and CCA tumor of a PBC host. Altogether, these results evidence a mechanistic overlapping between autoimmunity and cancer immunosurveillance in the biliary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Paillet
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Céleste Plantureux
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sarah Lévesque
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Julie Le Naour
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Gautier Stoll
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Allan Sauvat
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Pamela Caudana
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, Paris, France
| | - Jimena Tosello Boari
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, Paris, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sylvie Lachkar
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Martins
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Andrea Checcoli
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U900, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Juliette Hamroune
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Franck Letourneur
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Gwennhael Autret
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U970, Paris, France
| | - Patrick S.C. Leung
- Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Jie S. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Mark J. Kurth
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Bouchra Lekbaby
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Augustin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Département de Pathologie, Paris, France
| | - Youra Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Cédric Coulouarn
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Rennes 1, Chemistry, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, UMR_S 1242, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Laura Fouassier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1015, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie 1428, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Housset
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis, Department of Hepatology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Soussan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan G. Pol
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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14
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Spiesschaert B, Angerer K, Park J, Wollmann G. Combining Oncolytic Viruses and Small Molecule Therapeutics: Mutual Benefits. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3386. [PMID: 34298601 PMCID: PMC8306439 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of treating cancer with oncolytic viruses (OVs) has increasingly shifted towards achieving efficacy through the induction and augmentation of an antitumor immune response. However, innate antiviral responses can limit the activity of many OVs within the tumor and several immunosuppressive factors can hamper any subsequent antitumor immune responses. In recent decades, numerous small molecule compounds that either inhibit the immunosuppressive features of tumor cells or antagonize antiviral immunity have been developed and tested for. Here we comprehensively review small molecule compounds that can achieve therapeutic synergy with OVs. We also elaborate on the mechanisms by which these treatments elicit anti-tumor effects as monotherapies and how these complement OV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Spiesschaert
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Viral Immunotherapy of Cancer, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (B.S.); (K.A.)
- Institute of Virology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- ViraTherapeutics GmbH, 6063 Rum, Austria
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany;
| | - Katharina Angerer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Viral Immunotherapy of Cancer, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (B.S.); (K.A.)
- Institute of Virology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John Park
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany;
| | - Guido Wollmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Viral Immunotherapy of Cancer, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (B.S.); (K.A.)
- Institute of Virology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Moaven O, W Mangieri C, A Stauffer J, Anastasiadis PZ, Borad MJ. Evolving Role of Oncolytic Virotherapy: Challenges and Prospects in Clinical Practice. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.20.00395. [PMID: 34250386 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective oncotropism and cytolytic activity against tumors have made certain viruses subject to investigation as novel treatment modalities. However, monotherapy with oncolytic viruses (OVs) has shown limited success and modest clinical benefit. The capacity to genetically engineer OVs makes them a desirable platform to design complementary treatment modalities to overcome the existing treatment options' shortcomings. In recent years, our knowledge of interactions of the tumors with the immune system has expanded profoundly. There is a growing body of literature supporting immunomodulatory roles for OVs. The concept of bioengineering these platforms to induce the desired immune response and complement the current immunotherapeutic modalities to make immune-resistant tumors responsive to immunotherapy is under investigation in preclinical and early clinical trials. This review provides an overview of attempts to optimize oncolytic virotherapy as essential components of the multimodality anticancer therapeutic approach and discusses the challenges in translation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeed Moaven
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Christopher W Mangieri
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - John A Stauffer
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | - Mitesh J Borad
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
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16
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Olsen HE, Lynn GM, Valdes PA, Cerecedo Lopez CD, Ishizuka AS, Arnaout O, Bi WL, Peruzzi PP, Chiocca EA, Friedman GK, Bernstock JD. Therapeutic cancer vaccines for pediatric malignancies: advances, challenges, and emerging technologies. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab027. [PMID: 33860227 PMCID: PMC8034661 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Though outcomes for pediatric cancer patients have significantly improved over the past several decades, too many children still experience poor outcomes and survivors suffer lifelong, debilitating late effects after conventional chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical treatment. Consequently, there has been a renewed focus on developing novel targeted therapies to improve survival outcomes. Cancer vaccines are a promising type of immunotherapy that leverage the immune system to mediate targeted, tumor-specific killing through recognition of tumor antigens, thereby minimizing off-target toxicity. As such, cancer vaccines are orthogonal to conventional cancer treatments and can therefore be used alone or in combination with other therapeutic modalities to maximize efficacy. To date, cancer vaccination has remained largely understudied in the pediatric population. In this review, we discuss the different types of tumor antigens and vaccine technologies (dendritic cells, peptides, nucleic acids, and viral vectors) evaluated in clinical trials, with a focus on those used in children. We conclude with perspectives on how advances in combination therapies, tumor antigen (eg, neoantigen) selection, and vaccine platform optimization can be translated into clinical practice to improve outcomes for children with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Olsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Pablo A Valdes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian D Cerecedo Lopez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Omar Arnaout
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - W Linda Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Peruzzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Avidea Technologies, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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