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Nguyen TL, Kim H. Immunoinformatics and computational approaches driven designing a novel vaccine candidate against Powassan virus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5999. [PMID: 38472237 PMCID: PMC10933373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Powassan virus (POWV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) capable of causing severe illness in humans for severe neurological complications, and its incidence has been on the rise in recent years due to climate change, posing a growing public health concern. Currently, no vaccines to prevent or medicines to treat POWV disease, emphasizing the urgent need for effective countermeasures. In this study, we utilize bioinformatics approaches to target proteins of POWV, including the capsid, envelope, and membrane proteins, to predict diverse B-cell and T-cell epitopes. These epitopes underwent screening for critical properties such as antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and cytokine induction potential. Eight selected epitopes were then conjugated with adjuvants using various linkers, resulting in designing of a potentially stable and immunogenic vaccine candidate against POWV. Moreover, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and immune simulations revealed a stable interaction pattern with the immune receptor, suggesting the vaccine's potential to induce robust immune responses. In conclusion, our study provided a set of derived epitopes from POWV's proteins, demonstrating the potential for a novel vaccine candidate against POWV. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to advance our efforts and move closer to the goal of combatting POWV and related arbovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc Ly Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- eGnome, Inc., Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea.
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Chawla M, Cuspoca AF, Akthar N, Magdaleno JSL, Rattanabunyong S, Suwattanasophon C, Jongkon N, Choowongkomon K, Shaikh AR, Malik T, Cavallo L. Immunoinformatics-aided rational design of a multi-epitope vaccine targeting feline infectious peritonitis virus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1280273. [PMID: 38192725 PMCID: PMC10773687 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1280273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a grave and frequently lethal ailment instigated by feline coronavirus (FCoV) in wild and domestic feline species. The spike (S) protein of FCoV assumes a critical function in viral ingress and infection, thereby presenting a promising avenue for the development of a vaccine. In this investigation, an immunoinformatics approach was employed to ascertain immunogenic epitopes within the S-protein of FIP and formulate an innovative vaccine candidate. By subjecting the amino acid sequence of the FIP S-protein to computational scrutiny, MHC-I binding T-cell epitopes were predicted, which were subsequently evaluated for their antigenicity, toxicity, and allergenicity through in silico tools. Our analyses yielded the identification of 11 potential epitopes capable of provoking a robust immune response against FIPV. Additionally, molecular docking analysis demonstrated the ability of these epitopes to bind with feline MHC class I molecules. Through the utilization of suitable linkers, these epitopes, along with adjuvants, were integrated to design a multi-epitope vaccine candidate. Furthermore, the stability of the interaction between the vaccine candidate and feline Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was established via molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analyses. This suggests good prospects for future experimental validation to ascertain the efficacy of our vaccine candidate in inducing a protective immune response against FIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Chawla
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrés Felipe Cuspoca
- Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica de Colombia (GRECO), Universidad Pedagógica yTecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
- Centro de Atención e Investigación Médica–CAIMED, Chía, Colombia
| | - Nahid Akthar
- Department of Research and Innovation, STEMskills Research and Education Lab Private Limited, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Jorge Samuel Leon Magdaleno
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Nathjanan Jongkon
- Department of Social and Applied Science, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Abdul Rajjak Shaikh
- Department of Research and Innovation, STEMskills Research and Education Lab Private Limited, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Jin H, Liu X, Liu HX. Biological function, regulatory mechanism, and clinical application of mannose in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188970. [PMID: 37657682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies examining the regulatory roles and clinical applications of monosaccharides other than glucose in cancer have been neglected. Mannose, a common type of monosaccharide found in human body fluids and tissues, primarily functions in protein glycosylation rather than carbohydrate metabolism. Recent research has demonstrated direct anticancer effects of mannose in vitro and in vivo. Simply supplementing cell culture medium or drinking water with mannose achieved these effects. Moreover, mannose enhances the effectiveness of current cancer treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immune therapy. Besides the advancements in basic research on the anticancer effects of mannose, recent studies have reported its application as a biomarker for cancer or in the delivery of anticancer drugs using mannose-modified drug delivery systems. This review discusses the progress made in understanding the regulatory roles of mannose in cancer progression, the mechanisms underlying its anticancer effects, and its current application in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong-Xu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China; Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China.
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Yu Y, Huang Y, Li C, Ou S, Xu C, Kang Z. Clinical value of M1 macrophage-related genes identification in bladder urothelial carcinoma and in vitro validation. Front Genet 2022; 13:1047004. [PMID: 36468020 PMCID: PMC9709473 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1047004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor microenvironment (TME) takes a non-negligible role in the progression and metastasis of bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) and tumor development could be inhibited by macrophage M1 in TME. The role of macrophage M1-related genes in BLCA adjuvant therapy has not been studied well. Methods: CIBERSOR algorithm was applied for identification tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) subtypes of subjects from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets. We identified potential modules of M1 macrophages by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Nomogram was determined by one-way Cox regression and lasso regression analysis for M1 macrophage genes. The data from GEO are taken to verify the models externally. Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves validated prognostic value of M1 macrophage genes. Finally, we divided patients into the low-risk group (LRG) and the high-risk group (HRG) based on the median risk score (RS), and the predictive value of RS in patients with BLCA immunotherapy and chemotherapy was investigated. Bladder cancer (T24, 5637, and BIU-87) and bladder uroepithelial cell line (SV-HUC-1) were used for in vitro validation. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was employed to validate the associated genes mRNA level. Results: 111 macrophage M1-related genes were identified using WGCNA. RS model containing three prognostically significant M1 macrophage-associated genes (FBXO6, OAS1, and TMEM229B) was formed by multiple Cox analysis, and a polygenic risk model and a comprehensive prognostic line plot was developed. The calibration curve clarified RS was a good predictor of prognosis. Patients in the LRG were more suitable for programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associate protein-4 (CTLA4) combination immunotherapy. Finally, chemotherapeutic drug models showed patients in the LRG were more sensitive to gemcitabine and mitomycin. RT-qPCR result elucidated the upregulation of FBXO6, TMEM229B, and downregulation of OAS1 in BLCA cell lines. Conclusion: A predictive model based on M1 macrophage-related genes can help guide us in the treatment of BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuexi Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Santao Ou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Xu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengjun Kang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Hao L, Shi Z, Dong Y, Chen J, Pang K, He H, Zhang S, Wu W, Zhang Q, Han C. Efficient Delivery of P3H4 siRNA and Chlorin e6 by cRGDfK-Installed Polyarginine Nanoparticles for Tumor-Targeting Therapy of Bladder Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102149. [PMID: 36297587 PMCID: PMC9609145 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Prolyl 3-hydroxylase family member 4 (P3H4) is a potent prognostic oncogene in bladder cancer (BC), and the inhibition of P3H4 suppresses BC tumor growth. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of P3H4 inhibition for BC tumor therapy via tumor-targeting nanoparticles. Methods and results: A linear polyarginine peptide (R9) was synthesized, azide-modified, and then assembled with cyclic pentapeptide cRGDfK. Chlorin e6 (ce6)-conjugated CH3-R9-RGD nanoparticles were prepared for the delivery of siP3H4 into T24 cells in vitro and BC tumors in vivo. Dynamic light scattering analysis identified that the optimum CH3-R9-RGD@siP3H4 molar ratio was 30/1. CH3-R9-RGD@ce6/siP3H4 nanocomposites decreased P3H4 expression and cell proliferation and promoted reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis, and calreticulin exposure in T24 cells in vitro. In vivo experiments showed that CH3-R9-RGD@ce6/siP3H4 nanocomposites caused pathological changes, suppressed BC tumor growth, promoted caspase 3 expression, and enhanced calreticulin exposure in tumor cells. Conclusions: The tumor-targeting CH3-R9-RGD nanocomposites encapsulating siP3H4 and ce6 might be an alternative therapeutic strategy or intravesical instillation chemotherapy for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Zhenduo Shi
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiangang Chen
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Kun Pang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Houguang He
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Shaoqi Zhang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qianjin Zhang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Conghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-516-83956711; Fax: +86-516-83840486
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Maalouf N, Gur C, Yutkin V, Scaiewicz V, Mandelboim O, Bachrach G. High mannose level in bladder cancer enhances type 1 fimbria–mediated attachment of uropathogenic E. coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:968739. [PMID: 36118038 PMCID: PMC9470858 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.968739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the 4th leading cancer in men. Tumor resection followed by bladder instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the primary treatment for high-risk patients with Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) to prevent recurrence and progression to muscle-invasive disease. This treatment, however, lacks efficiency and causes severe adverse effects. Mannose residues are expressed on bladder surfaces and their levels were indicated to be higher in bladder cancer. Intravesical instillations of a recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) overexpressing the mannose-sensitive hemagglutination fimbriae (PA-MSHA), and of a mannose-specific lectin-drug conjugate showed efficiency against NMIBC in murine models of bladder cancer. Urothelial mannosylation facilitates bladder colonization by Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) via the interaction with the FimH mannose lectin, positioned at the tip of type 1 fimbria. A recombinant BCG strain overexpressing FimH on its outer surface, exhibited higher attachment and internalization to bladder cancer cells and increased effectivity in treating bladder cancer in mice. Investigating the pattern of mannose expression in NMIBC is important for improving treatment. Here, using tissue microarrays containing multiple normal and cancerous bladder samples, and lectins, we confirm that human bladder cancer cells express high mannose levels. Using UPEC mutants lacking or overexpressing type 1 fimbria, we also demonstrate that tumor-induced hypermannosylation increases type 1 fimbria mediated UPEC attachment to human and mouse bladder cancer. Our results provide an explanation for the effectiveness of PA-MSHA and the FimH-overexpressing BCG and support the hypothesis that mannose-targeted therapy holds potential for improving bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Maalouf
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chamutal Gur
- Department of Rheumatology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vladimir Yutkin
- Department of Urology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Viviana Scaiewicz
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Jerusalem, Israel
- *Correspondence: Ofer Mandelboim, ; Gilad Bachrach,
| | - Gilad Bachrach
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- *Correspondence: Ofer Mandelboim, ; Gilad Bachrach,
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Reis LO, Salustiano ACC, Capibaribe DM, Kiehl IGA, Denardi F. Castration immunoregulates toll-like receptor-4 in male bladder cancer. Int Urol Nephrol 2022; 54:2845-2853. [PMID: 35939229 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among diverse Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) is a key urothelial trigger for innate immune response impacting urothelial bladder carcinoma (BC). Androgen activation promotes immunotolerance, playing an immunoregulatory role by unknown mechanisms. We explored the castration impact on urothelial TLR-4 modulation in carcinogenesis and immunotherapeutic scenario. METHODS Intact (SHAM) versus castrated male Fisher-344 rats were evaluated in 2 scenarios: (A) Carcinogenesis: After randomization to SHAM (n = 5) and Castration (n = 5), carcinogenesis was induced by four intravesical doses of 1.5 mg/kg n-methyl-n-nitrosourea (MNU) every 15 days. (B) Treatment: After ultrasonographic confirmed MNU-induced papillary BC on week 8, rats were randomized to SHAM (n = 5) and Castration (n = 5) and offered 6 weekly intravesical treatment of 106 CFU of bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) in 0.2 ml saline. After 15 weeks the urinary bladders underwent histopathology. Urothelial cell proliferation was measured by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry (IHC), and TLR-4 expression was quantified by IHC and WB. RESULTS Castration induced higher TLR-4 urothelial expression (p = 0.007) and anticarcinogenic effect with fewer urothelial tumors (60 vs. 80%) and lower urothelial cell proliferation compared to intact animals (p = 0.008). In the intravesical BCG treatment setting, castration has potentialized the BCG activation of TLR-4 (p = 0.007) with no residual in situ carcinoma compared to intact animals, suggesting the potential to amplify the BCG immune response. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first description of TLR-4 urothelial expression hormonal modulation. The described castration-mediated immunomodulation will help to improve the knowledge of urothelial cancer gender diversities and PRRs modulations with treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Oliveira Reis
- UroScience, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, PUC-Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Diego Moreira Capibaribe
- UroScience, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernandes Denardi
- UroScience, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Jiang S, Redelman-Sidi G. BCG in Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3073. [PMID: 35804844 PMCID: PMC9264881 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BCG is a live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis that is primarily used as a vaccine against tuberculosis. In the past four decades, BCG has also been used for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). In patients with NMIBC, BCG reduces the risk of tumor recurrence and decreases the likelihood of progression to more invasive disease. Despite the long-term clinical experience with BCG, its mechanism of action is still being elucidated. Data from animal models and from human studies suggests that BCG activates both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system eventually leading to tumor destruction. Herein, we review the current data regarding the mechanism of BCG and summarize the evidence for its clinical efficacy and recommended indications and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Jiang
- Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Gil Redelman-Sidi
- Infectious Diseases Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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