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Nicita F, Sabatini L, Alesi V, Lucignani G, Sallicandro E, Sferra A, Bertini E, Zanni G, Palumbo G. Neurological and Neuroimaging Features of CYB5R3-Related Recessive Hereditary Methemoglobinemia Type II. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020182. [PMID: 35203946 PMCID: PMC8870218 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive hereditary methemoglobinemia (RHM) due to NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency is a rare disease caused by pathogenic variants in CYB5R3. Unlike type I, in RHM type II (RHM2), the enzymatic defect affects erythrocytes and all body tissues, thus resulting in cyanosis and neurological impairment. Although the first description of RHM2 dates back to the mid-1950s, detailed clinical and neuroimaging information are available for only a few patients. Here, we describe a new patient with RHM2 that harbors an unreported homozygous 31 Kb deletion involving part of CYB5R3, and showing a peculiar neuroimaging pattern resembling a ponto-cerebellar hypoplasia-like condition. A careful review of the available literature was performed with the aim of better delineating neurological and neuroimaging as well as the genotypic spectra of this extremely rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nicita
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (E.B.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-68592105
| | - Letizia Sabatini
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Viola Alesi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children 5 Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Giulia Lucignani
- Unit of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ester Sallicandro
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children 5 Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Antonella Sferra
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (E.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (E.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (E.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe Palumbo
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00146 Rome, Italy
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Proskurnina EV, Fedorova MV, Sozarukova MM, Mitichkin AE, Panteleev IV, Svetlov EV. Microsomal reductase activity in patients with thyroid neoplasms. Endocrine 2021; 72:735-743. [PMID: 33011882 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytochrome b5-reductase (CYB5R) and cytochrome P450 reductase (CYPOR) are important for cell metabolism; however, their role in thyroid hormonogenesis and carcinogenesis has not been elucidated yet. The activity of CYB5R correlates with the metastasis in breast cancer, but there are no similar studies for CYB5R and CYPOR for thyroid tumors. The aim of this study was to elucidate the activity of CYB5R and CYPOR changes in benign euthyroid and hyperthyroid neoplasms and in papillary thyroid cancer for their potential application as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis prediction of thyroid cancer. METHODS Thirty-six patients with thyroid diseases participated in the study. The control euthyroid nodular goiter group included ten patients; the thyrotoxic nodular or diffuse goiter group included 14 patients; the papillary thyroid cancer T1-2N0-1M0 (PTC) group included 12 patients. The activity of CYB5R and CYPOR was assessed with lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence stimulated by NADH and NADPH, respectively. RESULTS Compared to the control euthyroid nodular goiter group, activity of CYB5R and CYPOR increased ~5 and 10 times, respectively, in toxic goiter, and 15 and 30 times, respectively, in half of cases of PTC. The change in activity of CYPOR was more pronounced compared to CYB5R. Within the PTC group, the subgroups with low and high activities of microsomal reductases were identified. Microsomal reductases in follicular adenoma was 2-4-fold less active compared to the euthyroid nodular goiter and the low-activity PTC group. CONCLUSIONS Activity of tissue microsomal reductases varies in thyroid pathology and can be considered as a promising biomarker for differential diagnostics of benign and malignant thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria V Fedorova
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Madina M Sozarukova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Igor V Panteleev
- Inozemtsev City Clinical Hospital of Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Svetlov
- Inozemtsev City Clinical Hospital of Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russia
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Mannino EA, Pluim T, Wessler J, Cho MT, Juusola J, Schrier Vergano SA. Congenital methemoglobinemia type II in a 5-year-old boy. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:170-178. [PMID: 29375859 PMCID: PMC5771927 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital Methemoglobinemia is a rare neurologic condition which can mimic other diseases such as epilepsy syndromes and leukodystrophies. The responsible gene, CYB5R3, is not typically included on commonly order neurologic and epilepsy panels. We recommend that laboratories include this gene on these tests which often precede larger-scale genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Pluim
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care MedicineNaval Medical Center PortsmouthPortsmouthVirginia
| | - Jacob Wessler
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/OncologyNaval Medical Center PortsmouthPortsmouthVirginia
| | | | | | - Samantha A. Schrier Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and MetabolismChildren's Hospital of The King's DaughtersNorfolkVirginia
- Department of PediatricsEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginia
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An in-frame deletion of codon 298 of the NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase gene results in hereditary methemoglobinemia type II (generalized type). A functional implication for the role of the COOH-terminal region of the enzyme. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)37554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Yawata Y, Ding L, Tanishima K, Tomoda A. New variant of cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency (b5RKurashiki) in red cells, platelets, lymphocytes, and cultured fibroblasts with congenital methemoglobinemia, mental and neurological retardation, and skeletal anomalies. Am J Hematol 1992; 40:299-305. [PMID: 1503085 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.2830400411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A Japanese man with cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R) deficiency in various blood cell lineages (red cells, platelets, and lymphocytes) and in cultured fibroblasts demonstrated congenital methemoglobinemia associated with mental and neurological retardation, and various skeletal anomalies, such as spondylosis deformans and finger joint deformations, which have never been described in association with this enzyme deficiency. Cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency was most severe in red cells (0.3-4%) and less marked in platelets (13-27%), lymphocytes (18-31%), and fibroblasts (50%). The present case appears to be a new variant of cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency (b5RKurashiki).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yawata
- Department of Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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Katsube T, Sakamoto N, Kobayashi Y, Seki R, Hirano M, Tanishima K, Tomoda A, Takazakura E, Yubisui T, Takeshita M. Exonic point mutations in NADH-cytochrome B5 reductase genes of homozygotes for hereditary methemoglobinemia, types I and III: putative mechanisms of tissue-dependent enzyme deficiency. Am J Hum Genet 1991; 48:799-808. [PMID: 1707593 PMCID: PMC1682939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase gene of hereditary methemoglobinemia type I and type III, by using PCR-related techniques. The mutation in type I is a guanine-to-adenine substitution in codon 57 of exon 3 of the NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase gene, and the sense of this codon is changed from arginine to glutamine. In type III the mutation is a thymine-to-cytosine transition in codon 148 of exon 5, causing leucine-to-proline replacement in type III. The former mutation abolishes the MspI recognition site. Homozygosity for the former mutation in a patient with type I was confirmed by restriction analysis of PCR-amplified fragments and by dot blot hybridization of amplified products with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. The latter mutation generates a recognition site for MspI. Amplification of exon 5 by PCR followed by digestion with MspI revealed homozygosity for this mutation in patients with type-III. Putative mechanisms of tissue-dependent enzyme defects in hereditary methemoglobinemia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Katsube
- Research Laboratory for Genetic Information, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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7
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Demirkapi N, Carreau JP, Ghesquier D. Evidence against cytochrome b5 involvement in liver microsomal fatty acid elongation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1082:49-56. [PMID: 2009301 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(91)90298-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study provides strong evidence against cytochrome b5 participation in the first reduction step-beta-ketoreduction-of rat liver microsomal fatty acid chain elongation. Several lines of evidence led to this conclusion: (a) beta-ketoreductase was not inducible by diet conditions since its activity was the same in microsomes from fasted rats and in rats fed a fat-free diet. Consequently, its activity was appreciable in microsomes from fasted rats. Nevertheless, cytochrome b5 reoxidation rate was not stimulated by adding beta-ketopalmitoyl-CoA to the latter microsomes. This suggests that it is not the activated beta-ketoreductase which stimulates the cytochrome b5 reoxidation rate, but another electron acceptor. (b) The delta 9-desaturase, present in microsomes from rats fed a fat-free diet, was totally inhibited by 4 mM KCN; beta-ketopalmitoyl-CoA or malonyl-CoA stimulated the reoxidation rate of cytochrome b5 but this increase was also inhibited by 4 mM KCN. This suggests that delta 9-desaturase is involved in the stimulation and shows that any inhibitor of delta 9-desaturase, including cytochrome b5 antibodies, may induce elongation inhibition. (c) NADH-dependent beta-ketoreductase activity was partially purified from Triton X-100 solubilised microsomes, in a fraction essentially free of cytochrome b5. Furthermore, when the fraction containing cytochrome b5 and NADH-cytochrome-b5 reductase was added to the fraction containing beta-ketoreductase activity, no increase in beta-ketoreductase activity was observed. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity which is also present in microsomes from rats fed a fat-free diet led to the results which have been misinterpreted in the conclusions of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Demirkapi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 56, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Kugi M, Yoshida S, Takeshita M. Characterization of fatty acid elongation system in porcine neutrophil microsomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1990; 1043:83-90. [PMID: 2310764 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(90)90113-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microsomes purified from porcine neutrophils containing the fatty acid chain-elongation system for long- and very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs, and several enzymatic characters for the elongation of palmitoyl-CoA (16:0-CoA) and arachidoyl-CoA (20:0-CoA) were examined. The heat-inactivation profile for the elongation of 16:0-CoA was different from that of 20:0-CoA, suggesting the presence of different enzyme systems for palmitoyl-CoA and arachidoyl-CoA. Contrary to the elongation system of brain microsomes, the successive synthesis of lignoceric acid (24:0) from 20:0-CoA at 60 microM was not prominent under normal conditions in the neutrophil microsomes. The synthesis of behenic acid (22:0) was slightly inhibited by 0.5 mM N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) present in the assay mixture, whereas the pre-treatment of microsomes with 0.5 mM NEM largely inhibited the synthesis of 22:0 from 20:0-CoA. The synthesis of 24:0, however, was enhanced by 0.5 mM NEM in the elongation of 20:0-CoA and the rate of 24:0 synthesis became dominant over the synthesis of 22:0. These results suggested that the elongation enzyme for very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA, especially for 20:0-CoA elongation to 22:0 in the neutrophil microsomes contained NEM-sensitive sulfhydryl groups in the active center and the mechanism for the synthesis of 24:0 through successive elongation from 20:0-CoA was different from that of 22:0, as the former was enhanced by NEM whereas the latter was strongly inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kugi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Oita, Japan
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Takeshita M, Tamura M, Kugi M, Matsuki T, Yoneyama Y, Igarashi T. Decrease of palmitoyl-CoA elongation in platelets and leukocytes in the patient of hereditary methemoglobinemia associated with mental retardation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 148:384-91. [PMID: 3675585 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)91122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Effect of the deficiency of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase on fatty acid elongation was studied in the platelets and leukocytes taken from a patient of hereditary methemoglobinemia associated with mental retardation. The activity of fatty acid elongation was determined by measuring the incorporation of [2-14C]malonyl-CoA into palmitoyl-CoA. The de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids was blocked by the addition of phosphotransacetylase, and the elongation system could be assayed in the homogenates separated from de novo biosynthesis. As compared to normal subjects approximately 40% decrease of fatty acid elongation was observed both in the platelets and leukocytes from the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takeshita
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Oita, Japan
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Takeshita M, Tamura M, Yoshida S, Yubisui T. Palmitoyl-CoA elongation in brain microsomes: dependence on cytochrome b5 and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase. J Neurochem 1985; 45:1390-5. [PMID: 2995584 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb07204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were performed to demonstrate the involvement of electron transport system in fatty acid elongation in rat brain microsomes. Mercuric chloride and p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate, inhibitors on NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, at 32 microM inhibited NADH-supported palmitoyl-CoA elongation to 30 and 60% of control activity, respectively, whereas NADPH-supported palmitoyl-CoA elongation was unaffected by these mercurials. An antibody to rat liver NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase inhibited brain microsomal NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activity and NADH-dependent palmitoyl-CoA elongation. Treatment of brain microsomes with trypsin diminished the cytochrome b5 content; NADH- and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activities were significantly decreased, but the decrease in NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activity was relatively small. Whereas essentially no incorporation of malonyl-CoA into palmitoyl-CoA was observed with trypsin-treated microsomes, addition of detergent-solubilized cytochrome b5 resulted in a recovery of fatty acid elongation. These results indicate the presence of an electron transport system, NADH-NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase-cytochrome b5-fatty acid elongation, in brain microsomes.
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Beutler E. Selectivity of proteases as a basis for tissue distribution of enzymes in hereditary deficiencies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1983; 80:3767-8. [PMID: 6344088 PMCID: PMC394132 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.12.3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In hereditary deficiencies of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and of a number of other enzymes, there are marked differences in the extent to which various tissues manifest the deficiency state. I propose that such anomalous distribution of enzyme activity can be explained by tissue-to-tissue differences in proteases. Mutations that render an enzyme susceptible to proteolytic destruction in some tissues may produce molecular changes that are not recognized in others. This interpretation is consistent with a number of known properties of proteases and of mutant enzymes, and it has implications regarding the diagnosis of various enzyme deficiency states.
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