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Brakta S, Du Q, Chorich LP, Hawkins ZA, Sullivan ME, Ko EK, Kim HG, Knight J, Taylor HS, Friez M, Phillips JA, Layman LC. Heterozygous ZNHIT3 variants within the 17q12 recurrent deletion region are associated with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 589:112237. [PMID: 38599276 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The molecular basis of mullerian aplasia, also known as Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster Hauser (MRKH) or congenital absence of the uterus and vagina, is largely unknown. We applied a multifaceted genetic approach to studying the pathogenesis of MRKH including exome sequencing of trios and duos, genome sequencing of families, qPCR, RT-PCR, and Sanger sequencing to detect intragenic deletions, insertions, splice variants, single nucleotide variants, and rearrangements in 132 persons with MRKH. We identified two heterozygous variants in ZNHIT3 localized to a commonly involved CNV region at chromosome 17q12 in two different families with MRKH. One is a frameshift, truncating variant that is predicted to interfere with steroid hormone binding of the LxxLL sequence of the C-terminal region. The second variant is a double missense/stopgain variant. Both variants impair protein expression in vitro. In addition, four more probands with MRKH harbored the stopgain variant without the nearby missense variant. In total, 6/132 (4.5%) of patients studied, including five with associated anomalies (type 2 MRKH), had ZNHIT3 variants that impair function in vitro. Our findings implicate ZNHIT3 as an important gene associated with MRKH within the 17q12 CNV region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Brakta
- Section of Reproductive Endocrine, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Quansheng Du
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lynn P Chorich
- Section of Reproductive Endocrine, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zoe A Hawkins
- Section of Reproductive Endocrine, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Eun Kyung Ko
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - James Knight
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - John A Phillips
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lawrence C Layman
- Section of Reproductive Endocrine, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Stancampiano MR, Meroni SLC, Bucolo C, Russo G. 46,XX Differences of Sex Development outside congenital adrenal hyperplasia: pathogenesis, clinical aspects, puberty, sex hormone replacement therapy and fertility outcomes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1402579. [PMID: 38841305 PMCID: PMC11150773 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1402579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The term 'differences of sex development' (DSD) refers to a group of congenital conditions that are associated with atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal, and/or anatomical sex. DSD in individuals with a 46,XX karyotype can occur due to fetal or postnatal exposure to elevated amount of androgens or maldevelopment of internal genitalia. Clinical phenotype could be quite variable and for this reason these conditions could be diagnosed at birth, in newborns with atypical genitalia, but also even later in life, due to progressive virilization during adolescence, or pubertal delay. Understand the physiological development and the molecular bases of gonadal and adrenal structures is crucial to determine the diagnosis and best management and treatment for these patients. The most common cause of DSD in 46,XX newborns is congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, determining primary adrenal insufficiency and androgen excess. In this review we will focus on the other rare causes of 46,XX DSD, outside CAH, summarizing the most relevant data on genetic, clinical aspects, puberty and fertility outcomes of these rare diseases.
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Herlin MK. Genetics of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome: advancements and implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1368990. [PMID: 38699388 PMCID: PMC11063329 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1368990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a congenital anomaly characterized by agenesis/aplasia of the uterus and upper part of the vagina in females with normal external genitalia and a normal female karyotype (46,XX). Patients typically present during adolescence with complaints of primary amenorrhea where the diagnosis is established with significant implications including absolute infertility. Most often cases appear isolated with no family history of MRKH syndrome or related anomalies. However, cumulative reports of familial recurrence suggest genetic factors to be involved. Early candidate gene studies had limited success in their search for genetic causes of MRKH syndrome. More recently, genomic investigations using chromosomal microarray and genome-wide sequencing have been successful in detecting promising genetic variants associated with MRKH syndrome, including 17q12 (LHX1, HNF1B) and 16p11.2 (TBX6) deletions and sequence variations in GREB1L and PAX8, pointing towards a heterogeneous etiology with various genes involved. With uterus transplantation as an emerging fertility treatment in MRKH syndrome and increasing evidence for genetic etiologies, the need for genetic counseling concerning the recurrence risk in offspring will likely increase. This review presents the advancements in MRKH syndrome genetics from early familial occurrences and candidate gene searches to current genomic studies. Moreover, the review provides suggestions for future genetic investigations and discusses potential implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Krogh Herlin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Lee R, Choi JE, Mun E, Kim KH, Choi SA, Kim HS. A Case of Chromosome 17q12 Deletion Syndrome with Type 2 Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome and Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Type 5. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:404. [PMID: 38671621 PMCID: PMC11049139 DOI: 10.3390/children11040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Chromosome 17q12 deletion syndrome (OMIM #614527) is a rare genetic disorder associated with a heterozygous 1.4-1.5 Mb deletion at chromosome 17q12, leading to a spectrum of clinical manifestations, including kidney abnormalities, neurodevelopmental delay, maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5 (MODY5), and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. We present the case of a 14-year-old Korean female diagnosed with chromosome 17q12 deletion syndrome, confirmed by chromosomal microarray analysis. The patient exhibited MODY5 with pancreatic agenesis, MRKH syndrome, dysmorphic facial features, developmental delay, kidney rotation anomaly, portal vein thrombosis with liver hypoplasia, short stature, and scoliosis. Management involved the initiation of multiple daily insulin injections for diabetes control, gynecological evaluation for MRKH syndrome, and multidisciplinary care for associated complications. This case highlights the complexity and varied organ involvement in chromosome 17q12 deletion syndrome. A comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach is crucial for the management of affected individuals, including regular monitoring, tailored interventions across various medical specialties, and providing psychosocial support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung Eun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea; (J.E.C.); (E.M.); (K.h.K.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Eunji Mun
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea; (J.E.C.); (E.M.); (K.h.K.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Kyung hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea; (J.E.C.); (E.M.); (K.h.K.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Sun Ah Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea; (J.E.C.); (E.M.); (K.h.K.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Hae Soon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea; (J.E.C.); (E.M.); (K.h.K.); (S.A.C.)
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Pietzsch M, Schönfisch B, Höller A, Koch A, Staebler A, Dreser K, Bettecken K, Schaak L, Brucker SY, Rall K. A Cohort of 469 Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome Patients-Associated Malformations, Syndromes, and Heterogeneity of the Phenotype. J Clin Med 2024; 13:607. [PMID: 38276113 PMCID: PMC10816094 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome is characterized by aplasia of the uterus and upper two-thirds of the vagina. While it can appear as an isolated genital malformation, it is often associated with extragenital abnormalities, with little still known about the pathogenetic background. To provide an overview of associated malformations and syndromes as well as to examine possible ties between the rudimentary tissue and patient characteristics, we analyzed a cohort of 469 patients with MRKHS as well as 298 uterine rudiments removed during surgery. A total of 165 of our patients (35.2%) had associated malformations (MRKHS type II). Renal defects were the most common associated malformation followed by skeletal abnormalities. Several patients had atypical associated malformations or combined syndromes. Uterine rudiments were rarer in patients with associated malformations than in patients without them. Rudiment size ranged from 0.3 cm3 to 184.3 cm3 with a mean value of 7.9 cm3. Importantly, MRKHS subtype or concomitant malformations were associated with a different frequency of uterine tissue as well as a different rudiment size and incidence of endometrial tissue, thereby indicating a clear heterogeneity of the phenotype. Further research into the associated molecular pathways and potential differences between MRKHS subtypes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pietzsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.P.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Birgitt Schönfisch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.P.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Alice Höller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.P.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - André Koch
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Annette Staebler
- Department of Pathology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Dreser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.P.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Kristina Bettecken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.P.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Lisa Schaak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.P.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Sara Yvonne Brucker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.P.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Katharina Rall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.P.); (S.Y.B.)
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Su K, Liu H, Ye X, Jin H, Xie Z, Yang C, Zhou D, Huang H, Wu Y. Recurrent human 16p11.2 microdeletions in type I Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome patients in Chinese Han population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2280. [PMID: 37789575 PMCID: PMC10767395 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, a severe congenital malformation of the female genital tract, is a highly heterogeneous disease which has no clear etiology. Previous studies have suggested that copy number variations (CNVs) and single-gene mutations might contribute to the development of MRKH syndrome. In particular, deletions in 16p11.2, which are suggested to be involved in several congenital diseases, have been reported in Chinese type II MRKH patients and European MRKH patients. However, few CNVs including 16p11.2 microdeletions were identified in Chinese type I MRKH cases although it accounted for the majority of MRKH patients in China. Thus, we conducted a retrospective study to identify whether CNVs at human chromosome 16p11.2 are risk factors of type I MRKH syndrome in the Chinese Han population. METHODS We recruited 143 patients diagnosed with type I MRKH between 2012 and 2014. Five hundred unrelated Chinese without congenital malformation were enrolled in control group, consisting of 197 from the 1000 Genomes Project and 303 from Fudan University. Quantitative PCR, array comparative genomic hybridization, and sanger sequencing were conducted to screen and verify candidate variant. RESULTS Our study identified recurrent 16p11.2 microdeletions of approximately 600 kb in two out of the 143 type I MRKH syndrome patients using high-density array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), while no 16p11.2 deletion was found in the control group. We did not find any mutations in TBX6 gene in our samples. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study identify 16p11.2 deletion in Chinese MRKH I patients for the first time, as well as support the contention that 16p11.2 microdeletions are associated with MRKH syndrome in both types across populations. It is suggested that 16p11.2 microdeletions should be included in molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling of female reproductive tract disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhen Su
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical SpecialtyShanghaiChina
| | - Han Liu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical SpecialtyShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoqun Ye
- Women's HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Hangmei Jin
- Women's HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Zhenwei Xie
- Women's HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Chunbo Yang
- Women's HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Daizhan Zhou
- Bio‐X Institutes of Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hefeng Huang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalInstitute of Reproduction and DevelopmentFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Research Units of Embryo Original DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056)ShanghaiChina
| | - Yanting Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalInstitute of Reproduction and DevelopmentFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Research Units of Embryo Original DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056)ShanghaiChina
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Dube R, Kar SS, Jhancy M, George BT. Molecular Basis of Müllerian Agenesis Causing Congenital Uterine Factor Infertility-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:120. [PMID: 38203291 PMCID: PMC10778982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Infertility affects around 1 in 5 couples in the world. Congenital absence of the uterus results in absolute infertility in females. Müllerian agenesis is the nondevelopment of the uterus. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a condition of uterovaginal agenesis in the presence of normal ovaries and the 46 XX Karyotype. With advancements in reproductive techniques, women with MA having biological offspring is possible. The exact etiology of MA is unknown, although several genes and mechanisms affect the development of Müllerian ducts. Through this systematic review of the available literature, we searched for the genetic basis of MA. The aims included identification of the genes, chromosomal locations, changes responsible for MA, and fertility options, in order to offer proper management and counseling to these women with MA. A total of 85 studies were identified through searches. Most of the studies identified multiple genes at various locations, although the commonest involved chromosomes 1, 17, and 22. There is also conflicting evidence of the involvement of various candidate genes in the studies. The etiology of MA seems to be multifactorial and complex, involving multiple genes and mechanisms including various mutations and mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Dube
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates
| | - Subhranshu Sekhar Kar
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates; (S.S.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Malay Jhancy
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates; (S.S.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Biji Thomas George
- Department of General Surgery, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates;
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Salah S, Jaber H, Frumkin A, Harel T. Homozygous 22q11.2 distal type II microdeletion is associated with syndromic neurodevelopmental delay. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2623-2630. [PMID: 37365930 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Genomic disorders result from heterozygous copy number variants (CNVs). Homozygous deletions spanning numerous genes are rare, despite the potential contribution of consanguinity to such instances. CNVs in the 22q11.2 region are mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination between pairs of low copy repeats (LCRs), from amongst eight LCRs designated A-H. Heterozygous distal type II deletions (LCR-E to LCR-F) have incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, and can lead to neurodevelopmental issues, minor craniofacial anomalies, and congenital abnormalities. We report siblings with global developmental delay, hypotonia, minor craniofacial anomalies, ocular abnormalities, and minor skeletal issues, in whom chromosomal microarray identified a homozygous distal type II deletion. The deletion was brought to homozygosity as a result of a consanguineous marriage between two heterozygous carriers of the deletion. The phenotype of the children was strikingly more severe and complex than that of the parents. This report suggests that the distal type II deletion harbors a dosage-sensitive gene or regulatory element, which leads to a more severe phenotype when deleted on both chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaya Salah
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hiba Jaber
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayala Frumkin
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Harel
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Thomson E, Tran M, Robevska G, Ayers K, van der Bergen J, Gopalakrishnan Bhaskaran P, Haan E, Cereghini S, Vash-Margita A, Margetts M, Hensley A, Nguyen Q, Sinclair A, Koopman P, Pelosi E. Functional genomics analysis identifies loss of HNF1B function as a cause of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1032-1047. [PMID: 36282544 PMCID: PMC9990990 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a congenital condition characterized by aplasia or hypoplasia of the uterus and vagina in women with a 46,XX karyotype. This condition can occur as type I when isolated or as type II when associated with extragenital anomalies including kidney and skeletal abnormalities. The genetic basis of MRKH syndrome remains unexplained and several candidate genes have been proposed to play a role in its etiology, including HNF1B, LHX1 and WNT4. Here, we conducted a microarray analysis of 13 women affected by MRKH syndrome, resulting in the identification of chromosomal changes, including the deletion at 17q12, which contains both HNF1B and LHX1. We focused on HNF1B for further investigation due to its known association with, but unknown etiological role in, MRKH syndrome. We ablated Hnf1b specifically in the epithelium of the Müllerian ducts in mice and found that this caused hypoplastic development of the uterus, as well as kidney anomalies, closely mirroring the MRKH type II phenotype. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of uterine tissue in the Hnf1b-ablated embryos, we analyzed the molecules and pathways downstream of Hnf1b, revealing a dysregulation of processes associated with cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Thus, we establish that loss of Hnf1b function leads to an MRKH phenotype and generate the first mouse model of MRKH syndrome type II. Our results support the investigation of HNF1B in clinical genetic settings of MRKH syndrome and shed new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying this poorly understood condition in women's reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Thomson
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Minh Tran
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gorjana Robevska
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katie Ayers
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jocelyn van der Bergen
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Eric Haan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Silvia Cereghini
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alla Vash-Margita
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Miranda Margetts
- Center for American Indian and Rural Health Equity, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | | | - Quan Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew Sinclair
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Emanuele Pelosi
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +61 7 3346 6073;
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Brakta S, Hawkins ZA, Sahajpal N, Seman N, Kira D, Chorich LP, Kim HG, Xu H, Phillips JA, Kolhe R, Layman LC. Rare structural variants, aneuploidies, and mosaicism in individuals with Mullerian aplasia detected by optical genome mapping. Hum Genet 2023; 142:483-494. [PMID: 36797380 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome remains largely unknown. Pathogenic variants in WNT4 and HNF1B have been confirmed in a small percent of individuals. A variety of copy number variants have been reported, but causal gene(s) remain to be identified. We hypothesized that rare structural variants (SVs) would be present in some individuals with MRKH, which could explain the genetic basis of the syndrome. Large molecular weight DNA was extracted from lymphoblastoid cells from 87 individuals with MRKH and available parents. Optical genome mapping (OGM) was performed to identify SVs, which were confirmed by another method (quantitative PCR, chromosomal microarray, karyotype, or fluorescent in situ hybridization) when possible. Thirty-four SVs that overlapped coding regions of genes with potential involvement in MRKH were identified, 14 of which were confirmed by a second method. These 14 SVs were present in 17/87 (19.5%) of probands with MRKH and included seven deletions, three duplications, one new translocation in 5/50 cells-t(7;14)(q32;q32), confirmation of a previously identified translocation-t(3;16)(p22.3;p13.3), and two aneuploidies. Of interest, three cases of mosaicism (3.4% of probands) were identified-25% mosaicism for trisomy 12, 45,X(75%)/46,XX (25%), and 10% mosaicism for a 7;14 translocation. Our study constitutes the first systematic investigation of SVs by OGM in individuals with MRKH. We propose that OGM is a promising method that enables a comprehensive investigation of a variety of SVs in a single assay including cryptic translocations and mosaic aneuploidies. These observations suggest that mosaicism could play a role in the genesis of MRKH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Brakta
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
| | - Zoe A Hawkins
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Nikhil Sahajpal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Genetics, Greenwood Genetics Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Natalie Seman
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Dina Kira
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lynn P Chorich
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - John A Phillips
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lawrence C Layman
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia. .,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia. .,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
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11
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Nordenskjöld A, Arkani S, Pettersson M, Winberg J, Cao J, Fossum M, Anderberg M, Barker G, Holmdahl G, Lundin J. Copy number variants suggest different molecular pathways for the pathogenesis of bladder exstrophy. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:378-390. [PMID: 36349425 PMCID: PMC10100507 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital malformation leaving the urinary bladder open in the midline of the abdomen at birth. There is a clear genetic background with chromosome aberrations, but so far, no consistent findings apart from 22q11-duplications detected in about 2%-3% of all patients. Some genes are implicated like the LZTR1, ISL1, CELSR3, and the WNT3 genes, but most are not explained molecularly. We have performed chromosomal microarray analysis on a cohort of 140 persons born with bladder exstrophy to look for submicroscopic chromosomal deletions and duplications. Pathogenic or possibly pathogenic microdeletions or duplications were found in 16 patients (11.4%) and further 9 with unknown significance. Two findings were in regions linked to known syndromes, two findings involved the same gene (MCC), and all other findings were unique. A closer analysis suggests a few gene networks that are involved in the pathogenesis of bladder exstrophy; the WNT-signaling pathway, the chromosome 22q11 region, the RIT2 and POU families, and involvement of the Golgi apparatus. Bladder exstrophy is a rare malformation and is reported to be associated with several chromosome aberrations. Our data suggest involvement of some specific molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Nordenskjöld
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pediatric Surgery, Astrid Lindgren Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samara Arkani
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Urology, Danderyds Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Maria Pettersson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Winberg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Fossum
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Copenhagen University, Righospitalet, København, Denmark
| | - Magnus Anderberg
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gillian Barker
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Uppsala Academic Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gundela Holmdahl
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pediatric Surgery, Astrid Lindgren Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska Academy, Women's and Children's Health, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Queen Silvia's Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johanna Lundin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Li G, Strong A, Wang H, Kim JS, Watson D, Zhao S, Vaccaro C, Hartung E, Hakonarson H, Zhang TJ, Giampietro PF, Wu N. TBX6 as a cause of a combined skeletal-kidney dysplasia syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:3469-3481. [PMID: 36161696 PMCID: PMC10473889 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
TBX6 encodes transcription-factor box 6, a transcription factor critical to paraxial mesoderm segmentation and somitogenesis during embryonic development. TBX6 haploinsufficiency is believed to drive the skeletal and kidney phenotypes associated with the 16p11.2 deletion syndrome. Heterozygous and biallelic variants in TBX6 are associated with vertebral and rib malformations (TBX6-associated congenital scoliosis) and spondylocostal dysostosis, and heterozygous TBX6 variants are associated with increased risk of genitourinary tract malformations. Combined skeletal and kidney phenotypes in individuals harboring heterozygous or biallelic TBX6 variants are rare. Here, we present seven individuals with vertebral and rib malformations and structural kidney differences associated with heterozygous TBX6 gene deletion in trans with a hypomorphic TBX6 allele or biallelic TBX6 variants. Our case series highlights the association between TBX6 and both skeletal and kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhuang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China
| | - Alanna Strong
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Haojun Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Sun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical Center, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Deborah Watson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China
| | - Courtney Vaccaro
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erum Hartung
- Division of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Terry Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China
| | - Philip F. Giampietro
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical Center, New Brunswick, NJ
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China
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13
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Chen N, Song S, Bao X, Zhu L. Update on Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. Front Med 2022; 16:859-872. [PMID: 36562950 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review presents an update of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome on its etiologic, clinical, diagnostic, psychological, therapeutic, and reproductive aspects. The etiology of MRKH syndrome remains unclear due to its intrinsic heterogeneity. Nongenetic and genetic causes that may interact during the embryonic development have been proposed with no definitive etiopathogenesis identified. The proportion of concomitant extragenital malformations varies in different studies, and the discrepancies may be explained by ethnic differences. In addition to physical examination and pelvic ultrasound, the performance of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging is crucial in detecting the presence of rudimentary uterine endometrium. MRKH syndrome has long-lasting psychological effects on patients, resulting in low esteem, poor coping strategies, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Providing psychological counseling and peer support to diagnosed patients is recommended. Proper and timely psychological intervention could significantly improve a patient's outcome. Various nonsurgical and surgical methods have been suggested for treatment of MRKH syndrome. Due to the high success rate and minimal risk of complications, vaginal dilation has been proven to be the first-line therapy. Vaginoplasty is the second-line option for patients experiencing dilation failure. Uterine transplantation and gestational surrogacy are options for women with MRKH syndrome to achieve biological motherhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shuang Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinmiao Bao
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
- Peking Union Medical College, M.D. Program, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lan Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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14
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Seth A, Rivera A, Choi IS, Medina-Martinez O, Lewis S, O’Neill M, Ridgeway A, Moore J, Jorgez C, Lamb DJ. Gene dosage changes in KCTD13 result in penile and testicular anomalies via diminished androgen receptor function. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22567. [PMID: 36196997 PMCID: PMC10538574 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200558r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of hypospadias and cryptorchidism, the genetic basis for these conditions is only beginning to be understood. Using array-comparative-genomic-hybridization (aCGH), potassium-channel-tetramerization-domain-containing-13 (KCTD13) encoded at 16p11.2 was identified as a candidate gene involved in hypospadias, cryptorchidism and other genitourinary (GU) tract anomalies. Copy number variants (CNVs) at 16p11.2 are among the most common syndromic genomic variants identified to date. Many patients with CNVs at this locus exhibit GU and/or neurodevelopmental phenotypes. KCTD13 encodes a substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3-ubiquitin-protein-ligase complex (BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3-ubiquitin-protein-ligase complex (B-cell receptor (BCR) [BTB (the BTB domain is a conserved motif involved in protein-protein interactions) Cullin3 complex RING protein Rbx1] E3-ubiqutin-protein-ligase complex), which has essential roles in the regulation of cellular cytoskeleton, migration, proliferation, and neurodevelopment; yet its role in GU development is unknown. The prevalence of KCTD13 CNVs in patients with GU anomalies (2.58%) is significantly elevated when compared with patients without GU anomalies or in the general population (0.10%). KCTD13 is robustly expressed in the developing GU tract. Loss of KCTD13 in cell lines results in significantly decreased levels of nuclear androgen receptor (AR), suggesting that loss of KCTD13 affects AR sub-cellular localization. Kctd13 haploinsufficiency and homozygous deletion in mice cause a significant increase in the incidence of cryptorchidism and micropenis. KCTD13-deficient mice exhibit testicular and penile abnormalities together with significantly reduced levels of nuclear AR and SOX9. In conclusion, gene-dosage changes of murine Kctd13 diminish nuclear AR sub-cellular localization, as well as decrease SOX9 expression levels which likely contribute in part to the abnormal GU tract development in Kctd13 mouse models and in patients with CNVs in KCTD13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Seth
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Surgery, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Armando Rivera
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - In-Seon Choi
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Olga Medina-Martinez
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Shaye Lewis
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Marisol O’Neill
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Alex Ridgeway
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Joshua Moore
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Carolina Jorgez
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Dolores J. Lamb
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- The James Buchanan Brady Foundation Department of Urology, Center for Reproductive Genomics and Englander Institute for Personalized Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
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15
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Ma C, Chen N, Jolly A, Zhao S, Coban-Akdemir Z, Tian W, Kang J, Ye Y, Wang Y, Koch A, Zhang Y, Qin C, Bonilla X, Borel C, Rall K, Chen Z, Jhangiani S, Niu Y, Li X, Qiu G, Zhang S, Luo G, Wu Z, Bacopoulou F, Deligeoroglou E, Zhang TJ, Rosenberg C, Gibbs RA, Dietrich JE, Dimas AS, Liu P, Antonarakis SE, Brucker SY, Posey JE, Lupski JR, Wu N, Zhu L. Functional characteristics of a broad spectrum of TBX6 variants in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. Genet Med 2022; 24:2262-2273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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16
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Identification of Genetic Causes in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9070961. [PMID: 35883945 PMCID: PMC9322756 DOI: 10.3390/children9070961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a congenital condition characterizing females with absence of the uterus and part of the vagina. Several genetic defects have been correlated with the presence of MRKH; however, the exact etiology is still unknown due to the complexity of the genetic pathways implicated during the embryogenetic development of the Müllerian ducts. A systematic review (SR) of the literature was conducted to investigate the genetic causes associated with MRKH syndrome and Congenital Uterine Anomalies (CUAs). This study aimed to identify the most affected chromosomal areas and genes along with their associated clinical features in order to aid clinicians in distinguishing and identifying the possible genetic cause in each patient offering better genetic counseling. We identified 76 studies describing multiple genetic defects potentially contributing to the pathogenetic mechanism of MRKH syndrome. The most reported chromosomal regions and the possible genes implicated were: 1q21.1 (RBM8A gene), 1p31-1p35 (WNT4 gene), 7p15.3 (HOXA gene), 16p11 (TBX6 gene), 17q12 (LHX1 and HNF1B genes), 22q11.21, and Xp22. Although the etiology of MRKH syndrome is complex, associated clinical features can aid in the identification of a specific genetic defect.
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17
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Construction of Copy Number Variation Map Identifies Small Regions of Overlap and Candidate Genes for Atypical Female Genitalia Development. REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/reprodmed3020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) have been implicated in various conditions of differences of sexual development (DSD). Generally, larger genomic aberrations are more often considered disease-causing or clinically relevant, but over time, smaller CNVs have been associated with various forms of DSD. The main objective of this study is to identify small CNVs and the smallest regions of overlap (SROs) in patients with atypical female genitalia (AFG) and build a CNV map of AFG. We queried the DECIPHER database for recurrent duplications and/or deletions detected across the genome of AFG individuals. From these data, we constructed a chromosome map consisting of SROs and investigated such regions for genes that may be associated with the development of atypical female genitalia. Our study identified 180 unique SROs (7.95 kb to 45.34 Mb) distributed among 22 chromosomes. The most SROs were found in chromosomes X, 17, 11, and 22. None were found in chromosome 3. From these SROs, we identified 22 genes as potential candidates. Although none of these genes are currently associated with AFG, a literature review indicated that almost half were potentially involved in the development and/or function of the reproductive system, and only one gene was associated with a disorder that reported an individual patient with ambiguous genitalia. Our data regarding novel SROs requires further functional investigation to determine the role of the identified candidate genes in the development of atypical female genitalia, and this paper should serve as a catalyst for downstream molecular studies that may eventually affect the genetic counseling, diagnosis, and management of these DSD patients.
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18
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Brucker SY, Hentrich T, Schulze-Hentrich JM, Pietzsch M, Wajngarten N, Singh AR, Rall K, Koch A. Endometrial organoids derived from Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome patients provide insights into disease-causing pathways. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049379. [PMID: 35394036 PMCID: PMC9118093 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The uterus is responsible for the nourishment and mechanical protection of the developing embryo and fetus and is an essential part in mammalian reproduction. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is characterized by agenesis of the uterus and upper part of the vagina in females with normal ovarian function. Although heavily studied, the cause of the disease is still enigmatic. Current research in the field of MRKH mainly focuses on DNA-sequencing efforts and, so far, has been unable to decipher the nature and heterogeneity of the disease, thereby holding back scientific and clinical progress. Here, we developed long-term expandable organoid cultures from endometrium found in uterine rudiment horns of MRKH patients. Phenotypically, they share great similarity with healthy control organoids and are surprisingly fully hormone responsive. Transcriptome analyses, however, identified an array of dysregulated genes that point to potentially disease-causing pathways altered during the development of the female reproductive tract. We consider the endometrial organoid cultures to be a powerful research tool that promise to enable an array of studies into the pathogenic origins of MRKH syndrome and possible treatment opportunities to improve patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Y. Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Rare Disease Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hentrich
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia M. Schulze-Hentrich
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Pietzsch
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Noel Wajngarten
- Research Institute for Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anjali Ralhan Singh
- Research Institute for Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Rall
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Rare Disease Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - André Koch
- Research Institute for Women's Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Co-existing bipolar disease and 17q12 deletion: a rare case report. Psychiatr Genet 2022; 32:30-33. [PMID: 34629388 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 17q12 microdeletion syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant chromosomal anomaly, caused by the deletion of a 1.4 Mb-spanning DNA sequence on the long arm of chromosome 17. Herein, we report the first bipolar disease (BPD) case with a 1.6-Mb deletion in the 17q11.2-17q12 chromosome region. MATERIALS AND METHODS Physical examination of the case was performed. Karyotype and microarray analyses were performed for the case and the parents. RESULTS Physical examination revealed mild dysmorphic features such as high and forehead, full cheeks, slightly depressed nasal bridge and arched eyebrow. Chromosomal analysis of the patient revealed 46, XX, del(17)(q12) karyotype, and parents' karyotype were normal. In the microarray analysis of patient, 1.6 megabases deletion was detected in the 17q12 region [arr(hg19) 17q12 (34,611,352-36,248,918) ×1]. The microarray analysis of the mother was normal. The father's microarray showed 473 kilobases duplication in the 11p11.12 region. CONCLUSION Although 17q12 deletion syndrome has been associated with bipolar disorder, very few such cases have been described in the literature. Genetic counseling should be considered in patients with remarkable phenotype, complex symptomatology, neurodevelopmental disorder and additional conspicuous medical conditions.
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20
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Segmental Cervical Aplasia in a Colombian Creole Mare with Mosaic X-Chromosome Aneuploidy. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 105:103720. [PMID: 34607685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year-old Colombian Creole mare was presented for diagnosis because the external orifice of her cervix was not detectable when a uterine lavage as therapy for uterine fluid accumulation was attempted. Clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of the genital tract revealed that ovaries were of normal size and showed structures suggestive of regular ovarian activity. However, granular free-floating fluid material distending the uterus was detected by ultrasound. Upon vaginal examination, the normal external cervical morphology was not evident. The vagina ended in a blind bag with a small papilla with no evident external cervical os. Cytology of uterine fluid obtained by transvaginal aspiration showed findings compatible with mucometra. Cytogenetic analysis revealed an abnormal karyotype (63,X and 64,XX both 45% and 65,XXX 10%). A diagnosis of congenital segmental cervical aplasia was proposed possibly related to the mosaicism detected. To our knowledge, this is the first case of this reproductive pathology in a mare with regular ovarian activity and confirmed aneuploidy in mosaic form of the X sex chromosome.
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21
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Santana González L, Artibani M, Ahmed AA. Studying Müllerian duct anomalies - from cataloguing phenotypes to discovering causation. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:269240. [PMID: 34160006 PMCID: PMC8246269 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.047977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are developmental disorders of the Müllerian duct, the embryonic anlage of most of the female reproductive tract. The prevalence of MDAs is 6.7% in the general female population and 16.7% in women who exhibit recurrent miscarriages. Individuals affected by these anomalies suffer from high rates of infertility, first-trimester pregnancy losses, premature labour, placental retention, foetal growth retardation and foetal malpresentations. The aetiology of MDAs is complex and heterogeneous, displaying a range of clinical pictures that generally lack a direct genotype-phenotype correlation. De novo and familial cases sharing the same genomic lesions have been reported. The familial cases follow an autosomal-dominant inheritance, with reduced penetrance and variable expressivity. Furthermore, few genetic factors and molecular pathways underpinning Müllerian development and dysregulations causing MDAs have been identified. The current knowledge in this field predominantly derives from loss-of-function experiments in mouse and chicken models, as well as from human genetic association studies using traditional approaches, such as microarrays and Sanger sequencing, limiting the discovery of causal factors to few genetic entities from the coding genome. In this Review, we summarise the current state of the field, discuss limitations in the number of studies and patient samples that have stalled progress, and review how the development of new technologies provides a unique opportunity to overcome these limitations. Furthermore, we discuss how these new technologies can improve functional validation of potential causative alterations in MDAs. Summary: Here, we review the current knowledge about Müllerian duct anomalies in the context of new high-throughput technologies and model systems and their implications in the prevention of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Santana González
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Mara Artibani
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Gene Regulatory Networks in Development and Disease Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ahmed Ashour Ahmed
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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22
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Santana Gonzalez L, Rota IA, Artibani M, Morotti M, Hu Z, Wietek N, Alsaadi A, Albukhari A, Sauka-Spengler T, Ahmed AA. Mechanistic Drivers of Müllerian Duct Development and Differentiation Into the Oviduct. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:605301. [PMID: 33763415 PMCID: PMC7982813 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.605301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The conduits of life; the animal oviducts and human fallopian tubes are of paramount importance for reproduction in amniotes. They connect the ovary with the uterus and are essential for fertility. They provide the appropriate environment for gamete maintenance, fertilization and preimplantation embryonic development. However, serious pathologies, such as ectopic pregnancy, malignancy and severe infections, occur in the oviducts. They can have drastic effects on fertility, and some are life-threatening. Despite the crucial importance of the oviducts in life, relatively little is known about the molecular drivers underpinning the embryonic development of their precursor structures, the Müllerian ducts, and their successive differentiation and maturation. The Müllerian ducts are simple rudimentary tubes comprised of an epithelial lumen surrounded by a mesenchymal layer. They differentiate into most of the adult female reproductive tract (FRT). The earliest sign of Müllerian duct formation is the thickening of the anterior mesonephric coelomic epithelium to form a placode of two distinct progenitor cells. It is proposed that one subset of progenitor cells undergoes partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT), differentiating into immature Müllerian luminal cells, and another subset undergoes complete EMT to become Müllerian mesenchymal cells. These cells invaginate and proliferate forming the Müllerian ducts. Subsequently, pEMT would be reversed to generate differentiated epithelial cells lining the fully formed Müllerian lumen. The anterior Müllerian epithelial cells further specialize into the oviduct epithelial subtypes. This review highlights the key established molecular and genetic determinants of the processes involved in Müllerian duct development and the differentiation of its upper segment into oviducts. Furthermore, an extensive genome-wide survey of mouse knockout lines displaying Müllerian or oviduct phenotypes was undertaken. In addition to widely established genetic determinants of Müllerian duct development, our search has identified surprising associations between loss-of-function of several genes and high-penetrance abnormalities in the Müllerian duct and/or oviducts. Remarkably, these associations have not been investigated in any detail. Finally, we discuss future directions for research on Müllerian duct development and oviducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Santana Gonzalez
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna A Rota
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Developmental Immunology Research Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mara Artibani
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Gene Regulatory Networks in Development and Disease Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Morotti
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Wietek
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulkhaliq Alsaadi
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwag Albukhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tatjana Sauka-Spengler
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Gene Regulatory Networks in Development and Disease Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed A Ahmed
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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23
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Mhatre P, Dighe V, Das DK, Pawar A. Novel Technique of Vaginoplasty Developing Normal Vagina, Role of Stemness Markers and Translational Genes. J Hum Reprod Sci 2021; 13:303-309. [PMID: 33627980 PMCID: PMC7879834 DOI: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_68_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives: To study development of neo-vagina by metaplastic conversion of peritoneum, To identify translational Stemness markers using NANOG/OCT4/SOX2 from serial neo-vaginal mRNA, cDNA and to study role of WNT and HOXA genes in patients undergoing vaginoplasty. Material and Methods: 75 MRKH Syndrome women underwent laparoscopic peritoneal vaginoplasty (LPV). Two patients underwent serial neo-vaginal biopsies on day 0, 7-9, 12-14, 21 and 33. Fifteen MRKHS and twelve controls were subjected for neo-vaginal biopsy to detect genes upregulation. Remaining patients were evaluated anatomically and functionally. Results: The translational stemness markers NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 responsible for neo-vaginal formation were identified. Their appearance, concentration at different stages of conversion were demonstrated. The neo-vagina has shown up-regulation of these translational stemness markers. The study demonstrates expression of the specific genes (WNT4, WNT5A and WNT7A) and their role in formation of the neo-vagina. In the subjects stemness markers (NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2) appeared from day 9 to 14 of the neo-vaginal biopsies and after achieving the peak declined later. Genetic analysis showed low values in HOXA 9,10,11,13 and up-regulation of WNT 4A,5A,7 genes in neo-vagina. Conclusions: Study shows peritoneal metaplastic conversion to normal vagina, identified the translational stemness markers and genes responsible. The neo-vagina has shown up-regulation of these genes. The study demonstrates expression of the specific genes (WNT4, WNT5A and WNT7A) and their role in formation of the neo-vagina. Furthering this research, activating these genes may lead to treatment of developmental defects of Mullerian duct, obviating the need of transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Mhatre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seth G S Medical College, KEM Hospital, N. Wadia Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Genetic, Kedar Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikas Dighe
- Department of Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhanjit Kumar Das
- Department of Genetic Research Centre, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol Pawar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seth G S Medical College, KEM Hospital, N. Wadia Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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24
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Chen N, Zhao S, Jolly A, Wang L, Pan H, Yuan J, Chen S, Koch A, Ma C, Tian W, Jia Z, Kang J, Zhao L, Qin C, Fan X, Rall K, Coban-Akdemir Z, Chen Z, Jhangiani S, Liang Z, Niu Y, Li X, Yan Z, Wu Y, Dong S, Song C, Qiu G, Zhang S, Liu P, Posey JE, Zhang F, Luo G, Wu Z, Su J, Zhang J, Chen EY, Rouskas K, Glentis S, Bacopoulou F, Deligeoroglou E, Chrousos G, Lyonnet S, Polak M, Rosenberg C, Dingeldein I, Bonilla X, Borel C, Gibbs RA, Dietrich JE, Dimas AS, Antonarakis SE, Brucker SY, Lupski JR, Wu N, Zhu L. Perturbations of genes essential for Müllerian duct and Wölffian duct development in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:337-345. [PMID: 33434492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) is associated with congenital absence of the uterus, cervix, and the upper part of the vagina; it is a sex-limited trait. Disrupted development of the Müllerian ducts (MD)/Wölffian ducts (WD) through multifactorial mechanisms has been proposed to underlie MRKHS. In this study, exome sequencing (ES) was performed on a Chinese discovery cohort (442 affected subjects and 941 female control subjects) and a replication MRKHS cohort (150 affected subjects of mixed ethnicity from North America, South America, and Europe). Phenotypic follow-up of the female reproductive system was performed on an additional cohort of PAX8-associated congenital hypothyroidism (CH) (n = 5, Chinese). By analyzing 19 candidate genes essential for MD/WD development, we identified 12 likely gene-disrupting (LGD) variants in 7 genes: PAX8 (n = 4), BMP4 (n = 2), BMP7 (n = 2), TBX6 (n = 1), HOXA10 (n = 1), EMX2 (n = 1), and WNT9B (n = 1), while LGD variants in these genes were not detected in control samples (p = 1.27E-06). Interestingly, a sex-limited penetrance with paternal inheritance was observed in multiple families. One additional PAX8 LGD variant from the replication cohort and two missense variants from both cohorts were revealed to cause loss-of-function of the protein. From the PAX8-associated CH cohort, we identified one individual presenting a syndromic condition characterized by CH and MRKHS (CH-MRKHS). Our study demonstrates the comprehensive utilization of knowledge from developmental biology toward elucidating genetic perturbations, i.e., rare pathogenic alleles involving the same loci, contributing to human birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Angad Jolly
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; M.D./Ph.D. Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lianlei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hongxin Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Luohu hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Shaoke Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530003, China
| | - André Koch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Research Centre for Women's Health, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Congcong Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Weijie Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ziqi Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jia Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chenglu Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Luohu hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530003, China
| | - Katharina Rall
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Research Centre for Women's Health, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zefu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shalini Jhangiani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ze Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuchen Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zihui Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shuangshuang Dong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chengcheng Song
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Key laboratory of big data for spinal deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Life Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Guangnan Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Luohu hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Key laboratory of big data for spinal deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianzhong Su
- Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Eugenia Y Chen
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Konstantinos Rouskas
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Al. Fleming, Vari, Athens 16672, Greece; Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Stavros Glentis
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Al. Fleming, Vari, Athens 16672, Greece; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Efthymios Deligeoroglou
- Division of Pediatric-Adolescent Gynecology and Reconstructive Surgery, 2(nd) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens 10679, Greece
| | - George Chrousos
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Institut Imagine, UMR-1163 INSERM et Universite de Paris, Hospital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Michel Polak
- Institut Imagine, UMR-1163 INSERM et Universite de Paris, Hospital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Irene Dingeldein
- Inselspital FrauenKlinik, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Ximena Bonilla
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Borel
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Seuencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer E Dietrich
- Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antigone S Dimas
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Al. Fleming, Vari, Athens 16672, Greece
| | - Stylianos E Antonarakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1205, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Research Centre for Women's Health, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Seuencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Key laboratory of big data for spinal deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Lan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
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25
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Pontecorvi P, Bernardini L, Capalbo A, Ceccarelli S, Megiorni F, Vescarelli E, Bottillo I, Preziosi N, Fabbretti M, Perniola G, Benedetti Panici P, Pizzuti A, Grammatico P, Marchese C. Protein-protein interaction network analysis applied to DNA copy number profiling suggests new perspectives on the aetiology of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:448. [PMID: 33432050 PMCID: PMC7801512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79827-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a rare disease, characterised by the aplasia of vagina and uterus in women with a 46,XX karyotype. Most cases are sporadic, but familial recurrence has also been described. Herein, we investigated an Italian cohort of 36 unrelated MRKH patients to explore the presence of pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) by array-CGH and MLPA assays. On the whole, aberrations were found in 9/36 (25%) patients. Interestingly, one patient showed a novel heterozygous microduplication at Xp22.33, not yet described in MRKH patients, containing the PRKX gene. Moreover, a novel duplication of a specific SHOX enhancer was highlighted by MLPA. To predict the potential significance of CNVs in MRKH pathogenesis, we provided a network analysis for protein-coding genes found in the altered genomic regions. Although not all of these genes taken individually showed a clear clinical significance, their combination in a computational network highlighted that the most relevant biological connections are related to the anatomical structure development. In conclusion, the results described in the present study identified novel genetic alterations and interactions that may be likely involved in MRKH phenotype determination, so adding new insights into the complex puzzle of MRKH disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pontecorvi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza Università Di Roma, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bernardini
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Anna Capalbo
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Simona Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza Università Di Roma, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza Università Di Roma, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Vescarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza Università Di Roma, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Bottillo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Preziosi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Fabbretti
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Giorgia Perniola
- Department of Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza Università Di Roma, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Paola Grammatico
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza Università Di Roma, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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26
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Hentrich T, Koch A, Weber N, Kilzheimer A, Maia A, Burkhardt S, Rall K, Casadei N, Kohlbacher O, Riess O, Schulze-Hentrich JM, Brucker SY. The Endometrial Transcription Landscape of MRKH Syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:572281. [PMID: 33072755 PMCID: PMC7542331 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.572281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome (OMIM 277000) is characterized by agenesis of the uterus and upper part of the vagina in females with normal ovarian function. While genetic causes have been identified for a small subset of patients and epigenetic mechanisms presumably contribute to the pathogenic unfolding, too, the etiology of the syndrome has remained largely enigmatic. A comprehensive understanding of gene activity in the context of the disease is crucial to identify etiological components and their potential interplay. So far, this understanding is lacking, primarily due to the scarcity of samples and suitable tissue. In order to close this gap, we profiled endometrial tissue of uterus rudiments in a large cohort of MRKH patients using RNA-seq and thereby provide a genome-wide view on the altered transcription landscape of the MRKH syndrome. Differential and co-expression analyses of the data identified cellular processes and candidate genes that converge on a core network of interconnected regulators that emerge as pivotal for the perturbed expression space. With these results and browsable access to the rich data through an online tool we seek to accelerate research to unravel the underlying biology of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hentrich
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - André Koch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nico Weber
- Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kilzheimer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana Maia
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Burkhardt
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Rall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Translational Bioinformatics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Biomolecular Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Sara Yvonne Brucker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), Tübingen, Germany
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27
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Herlin MK, Le VQ, Højland AT, Ernst A, Okkels H, Petersen AC, Petersen MB, Pedersen IS. Whole-exome sequencing identifies a GREB1L variant in a three-generation family with Müllerian and renal agenesis: a novel candidate gene in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. A case report. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:1838-1846. [PMID: 31424080 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aetiology of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, characterized by uterovaginal agenesis in 46,XX women, remains poorly understood. Since familial occurrences are rare, genetic findings reported so far only apply to a minority of mainly sporadic cases and most studies have not included other family members enabling segregation analysis. Herein, we report on the investigation of a unique three-generation family of two female cousins with MRKH syndrome and unilateral renal agenesis (RA) and two deceased male relatives with RA. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in eight family members leading to the identification of a novel pathogenic (CADD = 33) c.705G>T missense variant in GREB1L, a gene recently identified as a novel cause of RA. Previous reports include several cases of female fetuses with bilateral RA and uterus agenesis, which support GREB1L as an important gene in both kidney and female genital tract development. The pedigree is compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance following a parent-origin-specific manner, which could be due to imprinting. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of a larger MRKH syndrome pedigree using WES, and we suggest GREB1L as a novel and promising candidate gene in the aetiology of MRKH syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten K Herlin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Ladegårdsgade 5, bygning E, 5. Sal, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.,Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Vang Q Le
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Reberbansgade 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Allan T Højland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Ladegårdsgade 5, bygning E, 5. Sal, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anja Ernst
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Reberbansgade 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Okkels
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Reberbansgade 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Astrid C Petersen
- Department of Pathology, Aalborg University Hospital, Ladegårdsgade 3, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Michael B Petersen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Ladegårdsgade 5, bygning E, 5. Sal, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Inge S Pedersen
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Reberbansgade 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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28
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Herlin MK, Petersen MB, Brännström M. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome: a comprehensive update. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:214. [PMID: 32819397 PMCID: PMC7439721 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, also referred to as Müllerian aplasia, is a congenital disorder characterized by aplasia of the uterus and upper part of the vagina in females with normal secondary sex characteristics and a normal female karyotype (46,XX). MAIN BODY The diagnosis is often made during adolescence following investigations for primary amenorrhea and has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 5000 live female births. MRKH syndrome is classified as type I (isolated uterovaginal aplasia) or type II (associated with extragenital manifestations). Extragenital anomalies typically include renal, skeletal, ear, or cardiac malformations. The etiology of MRKH syndrome still remains elusive, however increasing reports of familial clustering point towards genetic causes and the use of various genomic techniques has allowed the identification of promising recurrent genetic abnormalities in some patients. The psychosexual impact of having MRKH syndrome should not be underestimated and the clinical care foremost involves thorough counselling and support in careful dialogue with the patient. Vaginal agenesis therapy is available for mature patients following therapeutical counselling and education with non-invasive vaginal dilations recommended as first-line therapy or by surgery. MRKH syndrome involves absolute uterine factor infertility and until recently, the only option for the patients to achieve biological motherhood was through gestational surrogacy, which is prohibited in most countries. However, the successful clinical trial of uterus transplantation (UTx) by a Swedish team followed by the first live-birth in September, 2014 in Gothenburg, proofed the first available fertility treatment in MRKH syndrome and UTx is now being performed in other countries around the world allowing women with MRKH syndrome to carry their own child and achieve biological motherhood. CONCLUSION Several advances in research across multiple disciplines have been made in the recent years and this kaleidoscopic review provides a current status of various key aspects in MRKH syndrome and provides perspectives for future research and improved clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Krogh Herlin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgårdsvej 21C, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Michael Bjørn Petersen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mats Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
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29
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Jacquinet A, Boujemla B, Fasquelle C, Thiry J, Josse C, Lumaka A, Brischoux-Boucher E, Dubourg C, David V, Pasquier L, Lehman A, Morcel K, Guerrier D, Bours V. GREB1L variants in familial and sporadic hereditary urogenital adysplasia and Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome. Clin Genet 2020; 98:126-137. [PMID: 32378186 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Congenital uterine anomalies (CUA) may have major impacts on the health and social well-being of affected individuals. Their expressivity is variable, with the most severe end of the spectrum being the absence of any fully or unilaterally developed uterus (aplastic uterus), which is a major feature in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH). So far, etiologies of CUA remain largely unknown. As reports of familial occurrences argue for strong genetic contributors in some cases, we performed whole exome sequencing in nine multiplex families with recurrence of uterine and kidney malformations, a condition called hereditary urogenital adysplasia. Heterozygous likely causative variants in the gene GREB1L were identified in four of these families, confirming GREB1L as an important gene for proper uterine and kidney development. The apparent mode of inheritance was autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance. The four families included fetuses with uterovaginal aplasia and bilateral renal agenesis, highlighting the importance to investigate GREB1L in such phenotypes. Subsequent sequencing of the gene in a cohort of 68 individuals with MRKH syndrome or uterine malformation (mostly sporadic cases) identified six additional variants of unknown significance. We therefore conclude that heterozygous GREB1L variants contribute to MRKH syndrome and this probably requires additional genetic or environmental factors for full penetrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Jacquinet
- Center for Human Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Liège, Belgium.,Human Genetic Laboratory, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bouchra Boujemla
- Human Genetic Laboratory, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Corinne Fasquelle
- Center for Human Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jerôme Thiry
- Human Genetic Laboratory, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Claire Josse
- Human Genetic Laboratory, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire CHU Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aimé Lumaka
- Human Genetic Laboratory, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Christèle Dubourg
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, Rennes, France.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Véronique David
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, Rennes, France.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Pasquier
- Department of Medical Genetics, CLAD Ouest, Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital and BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karine Morcel
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Daniel Guerrier
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Bours
- Center for Human Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Liège, Belgium.,Human Genetic Laboratory, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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30
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Luo LJ, Feng F, Li SH, Lu D, Li L, Zhou Q. Sequence variant in the CDC42BPB gene is potentially associated with Mullerian duct anomalies. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:684-693. [PMID: 32043305 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Mullerian duct anomalies (MDA) are common female genital tract malformations. Genetic and environmental factors are important causes of MDA in women. Although many genes and mutations have been found to be associated with the pathogenesis of MDA, in most cases, the genetic pathogenic factors of MDA are still unknown. METHODS We first analyzed the three sisters using low coverage whole-genome sequencing. Then whole-exome sequencing was carried out in each patient. The identified sequence variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In silico pathogenicity analysis and conservative analysis of the mutation site were also performed. Protein structural modeling was used to analyze the effect of the mutated amino acid. RESULTS We first analyzed the three sisters with septate uterus using low coverage whole-genome sequencing, but no possible pathogenic copy number variation was found. Then whole-exome sequencing was performed on the three sisters, and a rare homozygous variant, CDC42BPB:c.2012G>A:p.R671Q, was identified. All three patients were found with this variant. Sanger sequencing validated that this variant was segregated within the family. In silico pathogenicity analysis and conservative analysis of the mutation site suggested that the variant might be damaging. Protein structural analysis suggested that R671Q might weaken the electrostatic potential of this region, which may be a significant regulation target or protein interaction surface of CDC42BPB. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that CDC42BPB genetic variant might be potentially associated with the pathogenesis of MDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jing Luo
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Hui Li
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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31
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Chu C, Li L, Lu D, Duan AH, Luo LJ, Li S, Yin C. Whole-Exome Sequencing Identified a TBX6 Loss of Function Mutation in a Patient with Distal Vaginal Atresia. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2019; 32:550-554. [PMID: 31233831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine if there are any genetic changes with whole-exome sequencing associated with distal vaginal atresia. DESIGN This was a retrospective genetics study of 5 patients who presented with distal vaginal atresia who were recruited between 2017 and 2018. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in each subject with distal vaginal atresia. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the potential causative genetic mutation. SETTING Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. PARTICIPANTS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measure was the rare mutations potentially associated with distal vaginal atresia in 5 patients. RESULTS A truncating mutation c.266delC (p.P89Rfs*5) in the T-box transcription factor 6 (TBX6) gene, which is highly expressed in the human vagina, was identified in 1 patient using whole-exome sequencing. The deletion of the 16p11.2 region containing the TBX6 locus has also been reported previously to have the clinical feature of Müllerian agenesis. This mutation was paternally inherited by the patient. This truncating mutation was absent from all of the databases we checked, suggesting that the variant is rare and pathogenic. CONCLUSION We showed, to our knowledge, for the first time, that the mutation in TBX6 might be associated with human distal vaginal atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Chu
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Hong Duan
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jing Luo
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing, China.
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing, China.
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32
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Detection of de novo genetic variants in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome by whole genome sequencing. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X 2019; 4:100089. [PMID: 31517310 PMCID: PMC6728744 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2019.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to use whole genome sequencing (WGS) help detect de novo mutations or pathogenic genes of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome type 1(MRKH syndrome type 1). Study design This was a case-parent trios study. Nine unrelated probands, with MRKH syndrome type 1 and their parents were enrolled. The enrollment, sequencing process, establishment of the de novo mutations detecting procedure and experiment part were performed over a 2-year period. Results we detected 632 de novo single nucleotide variants (SNVs), 267 de novo small insertions/deletions (indels), 39 de novo structural variations (SVs) and 28 de novo copy number alterations (CNAs). Three novel damaging coding de novo SNVs with three damaging coding de novo genes (PIK3CD, SLC4A10 and TNK2) were revealed. Two SNVs were annotated of the promoter region of gene NBPF10 and 3'UTR of NOTCH2NL, potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of MRKH. Conclusion We identified five de novo mutations in BAZ2B, KLHL18, PIK3CD, SLC4A10 and TNK2 by performing WGS, the functional involvement of all deleterious mutations in MRKH candidate genes of the trios warrant further study. WGS may complement conventional array to capture the complete landscape of the genome in MRKH.
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33
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Saatcioglu HD, Kano M, Horn H, Zhang L, Samore W, Nagykery N, Meinsohn MC, Hyun M, Suliman R, Poulo J, Hsu J, Sacha C, Wang D, Gao G, Lage K, Oliva E, Morris Sabatini ME, Donahoe PK, Pépin D. Single-cell sequencing of neonatal uterus reveals an Misr2+ endometrial progenitor indispensable for fertility. eLife 2019; 8:46349. [PMID: 31232694 PMCID: PMC6650247 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mullerian ducts are the anlagen of the female reproductive tract, which regress in the male fetus in response to MIS. This process is driven by subluminal mesenchymal cells expressing Misr2, which trigger the regression of the adjacent Mullerian ductal epithelium. In females, these Misr2+ cells are retained, yet their contribution to the development of the uterus remains unknown. Here, we report that subluminal Misr2+ cells persist postnatally in the uterus of rodents, but recede by week 37 of gestation in humans. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that ectopic postnatal MIS administration inhibits these cells and prevents the formation of endometrial stroma in rodents, suggesting a progenitor function. Exposure to MIS during the first six days of life, by inhibiting specification of the stroma, dysregulates paracrine signals necessary for uterine development, eventually resulting in apoptosis of the Misr2+ cells, uterine hypoplasia, and complete infertility in the adult female. In the womb, mammals possess all of the preliminary sexual structures necessary to become either male or female. This includes the Mullerian duct, which develops into the Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina in female fetuses. In male fetuses, the testis secretes a hormone called Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS). This triggers the activity of a small group of cells, known as Misr2+ cells, that cause the Mullerian duct to degenerate, preventing males from developing female sexual organs. It was not clear what happens to Misr2+ cells in female fetuses or if they affect how the uterus develops. Saatcioglu et al. now show that in newborn female mice and rats, a type of Misr2+ cell that sits within a thin inner layer of the developing uterus still responds to MIS. At this time, the uterus is in a critical early period of development. Treating the mice and rats with MIS protein during their first six days of life eventually caused the Misr2+ cells to die. The treatment also prevented a layer of connective tissue, known as the endometrial stroma, from forming in the uterus. As a result, the mice and rats were infertile and had severely underdeveloped uteri. While the Misr2+ cells are present in newborn rats and mice, Saatcioglu et al. found that they disappeared before birth in humans. However, the overall results suggest that Misr2+ cells act as progenitor cells that develop into the cells of the endometrial stroma. Future work could investigate the roles these cells play in causing uterine developmental disorders and infertility disorders. Furthermore, the finding that MIS inhibits the Misr2+ cells could help researchers to develop treatments for uterine cancer and other conditions where the cells of the uterus grow and divide too much.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Duygu Saatcioglu
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Motohiro Kano
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Heiko Horn
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Stanley Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Wesley Samore
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Nicholas Nagykery
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Marie-Charlotte Meinsohn
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Minsuk Hyun
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Rana Suliman
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Joy Poulo
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Stanley Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jennifer Hsu
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Massachussets General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Caitlin Sacha
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Massachussets General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Dan Wang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Kasper Lage
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Stanley Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Esther Oliva
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Mary E Morris Sabatini
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Massachussets General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Patricia K Donahoe
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - David Pépin
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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Tewes AC, Hucke J, Römer T, Kapczuk K, Schippert C, Hillemanns P, Wieacker P, Ledig S. Sequence Variants in TBX6 Are Associated with Disorders of the Müllerian Ducts: An Update. Sex Dev 2019; 13:35-40. [DOI: 10.1159/000496819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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35
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Backhouse B, Hanna C, Robevska G, van den Bergen J, Pelosi E, Simons C, Koopman P, Juniarto AZ, Grover S, Faradz S, Sinclair A, Ayers K, Tan TY. Identification of Candidate Genes for Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome Using Genomic Approaches. Sex Dev 2018; 13:26-34. [PMID: 30504698 DOI: 10.1159/000494896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a disorder of sex development which affects 1 in 4,500 females and is characterized by agenesis of müllerian structures, including the uterus, cervix, and upper vagina. It can occur in isolation (type 1) or in conjunction with various anomalies (type 2), with a subset of these comprising müllerian, renal, and cervicothoracic abnormalities (MURCS) association. The genetic causes of MRKH have been investigated previously yielding limited results, with massive parallel sequencing becoming increasingly utilized. We sought to identify genetic contributions to MRKH using a combination of microarray and whole exome sequencing (WES) on a cohort of 8 unrelated women with MRKH and MURCS. WES data were analysed using a candidate gene approach to identify potential contributing variants. Microarray analysis identified a 0.6-Mb deletion in the previously implicated 16p11.2 region in a patient with MRKH type 2. WES revealed 16 rare nonsynonymous variants in MRKH candidate genes across the cohort. These included variants in several genes, such as LRP10 and DOCK4, associated with disorders with müllerian anomalies. Further functional studies of these variants will help to delineate their biological significance and expand the genotypic spectrum of MRKH.
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Gatti M, Tolva G, Bergamaschi S, Giavoli C, Esposito S, Marchisio P, Milani D. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome and 16p11.2 Recurrent Microdeletion: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2018; 31:533-535. [PMID: 29730431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #277000) is a rare disorder of the female reproductive tract. Its etiology is still unknown for most patients, although the genetic background of this condition has been intensively studied. Chromosome 16p11.2 deletion syndrome (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #611913) is a well known recurrent deletion syndrome that can present with various clinical phenotypes, including developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, obesity, and an increased frequency of congenital defects. CASE Herein we report a patient with 16p11.2 recurrent microdeletion in whom MRKH syndrome was diagnosed in adolescence. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Our purpose is to underscore the possible presence of gynecological malformations in patients with 16p11.2 microdeletion and highlight the utility of a genetic evaluation in cases of MRKH syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gatti
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tolva
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bergamaschi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Giavoli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Marchisio
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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Roehlen N, Hilger H, Stock F, Gläser B, Guhl J, Schmitt-Graeff A, Seufert J, Laubner K. 17q12 Deletion Syndrome as a Rare Cause for Diabetes Mellitus Type MODY5. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3601-3610. [PMID: 30032214 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5 (MODY5) is caused by mutations of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox β gene (HNF1B). Although clinical characteristics and therapeutic management of MODY5 are increasingly better defined, adequate consideration of the frequent association of MODY5 with 17q12 deletion syndrome is often missing. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We report two cases of patients with 17q12 deletion syndrome who presented to our clinic. Furthermore, we reviewed the existing literature to improve systematic diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. A PubMed search using the terms 17q12 deletion syndrome, diabetes mellitus type MODY5, and/or HNF1B was performed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Three hundred sixty-one cases of postnatal 17q12 deletion syndrome were assessed, and details on clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic management were reviewed and compared with the two cases at our clinic. Furthermore, data on pathogenic mechanisms and their clinical implications were evaluated. CONCLUSION The 17q12 deletion syndrome usually comprises MODY5, structural or functional abnormalities of the kidneys, and neurodevelopmental or neuropsychiatric disorders. A complete deletion of HNF1B can be found in about 50% of patients with MODY5. A wide variety of additional clinical features, including genital and brain malformations, has been reported. Because HNF1B deletions are virtually always part of a 17q12 deletion syndrome and common genetic analyses for evaluation of MODY5 are unable to detect the deletion of a 1.4-Mb chromosomal region, initial attention to the syndromal features at the stage of diagnosis is of considerable importance for establishing correct diagnosis, subsequent therapy, and interdisciplinary patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Roehlen
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Hilger
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Stock
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgitta Gläser
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Guhl
- General Practice and Family Medicine, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Annette Schmitt-Graeff
- Institute for Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Seufert
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Laubner
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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AlSubaihin A, VanderMeulen J, Harris K, Duck J, McCready E. Müllerian Agenesis in Cat Eye Syndrome and 22q11 Chromosome Abnormalities: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2018; 31:158-161. [PMID: 28919146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Müllerian agenesis is the second most common cause of primary amenorrhea the underlying etiology in most cases is unknown. Müllerian agenesis has been reported as a rare finding associated with chromosomal aberrations of the 22q11 chromosomal region including at least 1 individual with cat eye syndrome (CES) and 10 individuals with deletions or duplications of the 22q11.2 region. However, a potential link between 22q11 abnormalities and uterine malformations has been difficult to adequately ascertain because of the limited case reports in the literature. CASE We report a second case of Müllerian agenesis in a girl with CES. A 16-year-old girl presented with bilateral colobomata, primary amenorrhea, and absence of the uterus and upper vagina on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. Microarray analysis showed tetrasomy of the pericentromeric region of chromosome 22 diagnostic of CES. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Müllerian aplasia/hypoplasia might represent a rare feature in CES and should be considered in the investigation of young girls with this syndrome. An increasing number of cases with 22q11 chromosome abnormalities and Müllerian agenesis further highlights the possibility of a gene within the 22q11 region that might mediate normal Müllerian development in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmajeed AlSubaihin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - John VanderMeulen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kate Harris
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Duck
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth McCready
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
The Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome [MIM 277000] is characterised by the absence of a uterus and vagina in otherwise phenotypically normal women with karyotype 46,XX. Clinically, the MRKH can be subdivided into two subtypes: an isolated or type I form can be delineated from a type II form, which is characterised by extragenital malformations. The so-called Müllerian hypoplasia, renal agenesis, cervicothoracic somite dysplasia (MURCS) association can be seen as the most severe phenotypic outcome. The MRKH syndrome affects at least 1 in 4000 to 5000 female new-borns. Although most of the cases are sporadic, familial clustering has also been described, indicating a genetic cause of the disease. However, the mode of inheritance is autosomal-dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance. High-resolution array-CGH and MLPA analysis revealed recurrent aberrations in different chromosomal regions such as TAR susceptibility locus in 1q21.1, chromosomal regions 16p11.2, and 17q12 and 22q11.21 microduplication and -deletion regions in patients with MRKH. Sequential analysis of the genes LHX1, TBX6 and RBM8A, which are located in chromosomal regions 17q12, 16p11.2 and 1q21.1, yielded in the detection of MRKH-associated mutations. In a subgroup of patients with signs of hyperandrogenaemia mutations of WNT4 have been found to be causative. Analysis of another member of the WNT family, WNT9B, resulted in the detection of some causative mutations in MRKH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Ledig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Vesaliusweg 12–14, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Wieacker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Vesaliusweg 12–14, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Zhang W, Zhou X, Liu L, Zhu Y, Liu C, Pan H, Xing Q, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang X, Cao Y, Wang B. Identification and functional analysis of a novel LHX1 mutation associated with congenital absence of the uterus and vagina. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8785-8790. [PMID: 28061432 PMCID: PMC5352441 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital absence of the uterus and vagina (CAUV) is the most extreme female Müllerian duct abnormality. Several researches proposed that genetic factors contributed to this disorder, whereas the precise genetic mechanism is far from full elucidation. Here, utilizing whole-exome sequencing (WES), we identified one novel missense mutation in LHX1 (NM_005568: c.G1108A, p.A370T) in one of ten unrelated patients diagnosed with CAUV. This mutation was absent from public databases and our internal database. Through the luciferase reporter analysis, we found that the mutation could change the transcriptional activity of LHX1 and its effect on the regulation of the downstream target gene GSC, which might be associated with urogenital system development. In short, we concluded that the LHX1 may be a pathogenic gene of CAUV. Our results demonstrate the power of whole exome sequencing and gene prioritization approach as diagnostic tools in clinical practice that help make genetic diagnosis of CAUV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Xueya Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li KaShing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liyang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Xing
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Xuegong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
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16p11.2 transcription factor MAZ is a dosage-sensitive regulator of genitourinary development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1849-E1858. [PMID: 29432158 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716092115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genitourinary (GU) birth defects are among the most common yet least studied congenital malformations. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUTs) have high morbidity and mortality rates and account for ∼30% of structural birth defects. Copy number variation (CNV) mapping revealed that 16p11.2 is a hotspot for GU development. The only gene covered collectively by all of the mapped GU-patient CNVs was MYC-associated zinc finger transcription factor (MAZ), and MAZ CNV frequency is enriched in nonsyndromic GU-abnormal patients. Knockdown of MAZ in HEK293 cells results in differential expression of several WNT morphogens required for normal GU development, including Wnt11 and Wnt4. MAZ knockdown also prevents efficient transition into S phase, affects transcription of cell-cycle regulators, and abrogates growth of human embryonic kidney cells. Murine Maz is ubiquitously expressed, and a CRISPR-Cas9 mouse model of Maz deletion results in perinatal lethality with survival rates dependent on Maz copy number. Homozygous loss of Maz results in high penetrance of CAKUTs, and Maz is haploinsufficient for normal bladder development. MAZ, once thought to be a simple housekeeping gene, encodes a dosage-sensitive transcription factor that regulates urogenital development and contributes to both nonsyndromic congenital malformations of the GU tract as well as the 16p11.2 phenotype.
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Ledig S, Tewes A, Hucke J, Römer T, Kapczuk K, Schippert C, Hillemanns P, Wieacker P. Array-comparative genomic hybridization analysis in patients with Müllerian fusion anomalies. Clin Genet 2018; 93:640-646. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ledig
- Institute of Human Genetics; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU); Münster Germany
| | - A.C. Tewes
- Institute of Human Genetics; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU); Münster Germany
| | - J. Hucke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Agaplesion Bethesda Krankenhaus; Wuppertal Germany
| | - T. Römer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Evangelisches Krankenhaus Köln-Weyertal; Köln-Weyertal Germany
| | - K. Kapczuk
- Division of Gynecology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - C. Schippert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Medical School Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - P. Hillemanns
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Medical School Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - P. Wieacker
- Institute of Human Genetics; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU); Münster Germany
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Demir Eksi D, Shen Y, Erman M, Chorich LP, Sullivan ME, Bilekdemir M, Yılmaz E, Luleci G, Kim HG, Alper OM, Layman LC. Copy number variation and regions of homozygosity analysis in patients with MÜLLERIAN aplasia. Mol Cytogenet 2018; 11:13. [PMID: 29434669 PMCID: PMC5797403 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-018-0359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the genetic contribution to Müllerian aplasia, better known to patients as Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. Mutations in two genes (WNT4 and HNF1B) account for a small number of patients, but heterozygous copy number variants (CNVs) have been described. However, the significance of these CNVs in the pathogenesis of MRKH is unknown, but suggests possible autosomal dominant inheritance. We are not aware of CNV studies in consanguineous patients, which could pinpoint genes important in autosomal recessive MRKH. We therefore utilized SNP/CGH microarrays to identify CNVs and define regions of homozygosity (ROH) in Anatolian Turkish MRKH patients. RESULTS Five different CNVs were detected in 4/19 patients (21%), one of which is a previously reported 16p11.2 deletion containing 32 genes, while four involved smaller regions each containing only one gene. Fourteen of 19 (74%) of patients had parents that were third degree relatives or closer. There were 42 regions of homozygosity shared by at least two MRKH patients which was spread throughout most chromosomes. Of interest, eight candidate genes suggested by human or animal studies (RBM8A, CMTM7, CCR4, TRIM71, CNOT10, TP63, EMX2, and CFTR) reside within these ROH. CONCLUSIONS CNVs were found in about 20% of Turkish MRKH patients, and as in other studies, proof of causation is lacking. The 16p11.2 deletion seen in mixed populations is also identified in Turkish MRKH patients. Turkish MRKH patients have a higher likelihood of being consanguineous than the general Anatolian Turkish population. Although identified single gene mutations and heterozygous CNVs suggest autosomal dominant inheritance for MRKH in much of the western world, regions of homozygosity, which could contain shared mutant alleles, make it more likely that autosomal recessively inherited causes will be manifested in Turkish women with MRKH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durkadin Demir Eksi
- Department of Medical Biology, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yiping Shen
- Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, China
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Munire Erman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Lynn P. Chorich
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA2041, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Megan E. Sullivan
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA2041, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Meric Bilekdemir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Elanur Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Guven Luleci
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA2041, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Ozgul M. Alper
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Lawrence C. Layman
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA2041, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
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Henes M, Jurow L, Peter A, Schoenfisch B, Taran FA, Huebner M, Seeger H, Brucker SY, Rall KK. Hyperandrogenemia and ovarian reserve in patients with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome type 1 and 2: potential influences on ovarian stimulation. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 297:513-520. [PMID: 29177592 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the hormone profiles, to detect the rate of hyperandrogenemia and to investigate the potential effect of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) on ovarian reserve, as reflected by the serum Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels. Clinical implications were analyzed by including our own experiences with three patients after ovarian stimulation in preparation for uterus transplantation. METHODS Serum samples of 100 patients with MRKHS (50 patients with MRKHS type 1 and 50 with type 2) were analyzed and compared to 50 individually age-matched healthy controls. Blood samples for hormone analyses were collected routinely during the clinical visit. RESULTS The mean age was 20.0 years for MRKHS type 1, MRKHS type 2 and healthy controls. Compared to healthy controls, there was no significant difference in AMH values in the MRKH patients. As shown in previous studies, the proportion of hyperandrogenemia without clinical symptoms was significantly higher in MRKHS type 1 (52%; p < 0.001) and type 2 (56%; p < 0.001) patients when compared to age-matched controls. In preparation for uterus transplantation, three patients were stimulated with FSH/hMG for mean 14.2 days and the mean number of aspirated oocytes was 13.2 (3-22), while 8.3 (2-10) oocytes could be fertilized and cryopreserved. The mean fertilization rate was 51.2% (30-67%). CONCLUSION The rate of hyperandrogenemia was significantly higher in MRKH patients compared to healthy age-matched controls. Though, ovarian reserve (AMH level) was not reduced compared to controls. Future studies are needed to identify optimal ovarian stimulation protocols as well as to implement a systematic multicenter reporting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Henes
- Department of Women's Health, Center for Rare Female Genital Malformations, Women's University Hospital, Tuebingen University Hospital, Calwerstr. 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ludmila Jurow
- Department of Women's Health, Research Center for Women's Health, University Tuebingen, Calwerstr. 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Laboratory, Tuebingen University Hospital, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Birgitt Schoenfisch
- Department of Women's Health, Research Center for Women's Health, University Tuebingen, Calwerstr. 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florin Andrei Taran
- Department of Women's Health, Center for Rare Female Genital Malformations, Women's University Hospital, Tuebingen University Hospital, Calwerstr. 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Markus Huebner
- Department of Women's Health, Center for Rare Female Genital Malformations, Women's University Hospital, Tuebingen University Hospital, Calwerstr. 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Harald Seeger
- Department of Women's Health, Research Center for Women's Health, University Tuebingen, Calwerstr. 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sara Yvonne Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, Center for Rare Female Genital Malformations, Women's University Hospital, Tuebingen University Hospital, Calwerstr. 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Women's Health, Research Center for Women's Health, University Tuebingen, Calwerstr. 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kristin Katharina Rall
- Department of Women's Health, Center for Rare Female Genital Malformations, Women's University Hospital, Tuebingen University Hospital, Calwerstr. 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Trofimova T, Lizneva D, Suturina L, Walker W, Chen YH, Azziz R, Layman LC. Genetic basis of eugonadal and hypogonadal female reproductive disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 44:3-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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47
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Josifova DJ. Genetics of gynaecological disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 42:100-113. [PMID: 28684328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
From genomic imbalances associated with developmental abnormalities of the female genital tract to the molecular mechanisms underpinning endometriosis and uterine leiomyomatosis, new technologies have allowed the exploration of the genetic contribution and mapping the molecular pathways underpinning common and rare gynaecological conditions. While some of these conditions have historically been considered sporadic, recent research has demonstrated their potentially heritable nature linked to single genes or copy number variants. The phenotypic variability including non-penetrance indicates their multifactorial, complex aetiology encompassing genetic, epigenetic and environmental influences. Although genetic tests are not routinely conducted in gynaecological practice, there is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that, in appropriate cases, molecular investigations such as array CGH analysis may be an important part of the diagnostic algorithm. The subtlety of clinical features, especially in the context of syndromic diagnoses, requires the practitioner to become familiar with those conditions and the approach to diagnostic investigations. This chapter combines the recent research output related to gynaecological disorders with a clinical genetics approach aiming to highlight the multisystem character of some of these conditions, their implications for management, reproductive risks and options, and the importance of genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana J Josifova
- Guy's and St. Thomas NHS Trust, Clinical Genetics Department, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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48
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Williams LS, Demir Eksi D, Shen Y, Lossie AC, Chorich LP, Sullivan ME, Phillips JA, Erman M, Kim HG, Alper OM, Layman LC. Genetic analysis of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome in a large cohort of families. Fertil Steril 2017; 108:145-151.e2. [PMID: 28600106 PMCID: PMC5770980 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the genetic cause of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH). Although a few candidate genes and genomic domains for have been reported for MRKH, the genetic underpinnings remain largely unknown. Some of the top candidate genes are WNT4, HNF1B, and LHX1. The goals of this study were to: 1) determine the prevalence of WNT4, HNF1B, and LHX1 point mutations, as well as new copy number variants (CNVs) in people with MRKH; and 2) identify and characterize MRKH cohorts. DESIGN Laboratory- and community-based study. SETTING Academic medical centers. PATIENT(S) A total of 147 MRKH probands and available family members. INTERVENTIONS(S) DNA sequencing of WNT4, HNF1B, and LHX1 in 100 MRKH patients, chromosomal microarray analysis in 31 North American MRKH patients, and characterization and sample collection of 147 North American and Turkish MRKH probands and their families. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) DNA sequence variants and CNVs; pedigree structural analysis. RESULT(S) We report finding CNVs in 6/31 people (∼19%) with MRKH, but no point mutations or small indels in WNT4, HNF1B, or LHX1 in 100 MRKH patients. Our MRKH families included 43 quads, 26 trios, and 30 duos. Of our MRKH probands, 87/147 (59%) had MRKH type 1 and 60/147 (41%) had type 2 with additional anomalies. CONCLUSION(S) Although the prevalence of WNT4, HNF1B, and LHX1 point mutations is low in people with MRKH, the prevalence of CNVs was ∼19%. Further analysis of our large familial cohort of patients will facilitate gene discovery to better understand the complex etiology of MRKH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey S Williams
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Durkadin Demir Eksi
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yiping Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Amy C Lossie
- Beautiful You MRKH Foundation, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Lynn P Chorich
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Megan E Sullivan
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - John A Phillips
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Munire Erman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ozgul M Alper
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Lawrence C Layman
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
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Choussein S, Nasioudis D, Schizas D, Economopoulos KP. Mullerian dysgenesis: a critical review of the literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 295:1369-1381. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Bjørsum-Meyer T, Herlin M, Qvist N, Petersen MB. Vertebral defect, anal atresia, cardiac defect, tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal atresia, renal defect, and limb defect association with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome in co-occurrence: two case reports and a review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2016; 10:374. [PMID: 28003020 PMCID: PMC5178070 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-016-1127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vertebral defect, anal atresia, cardiac defect, tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal atresia, renal defect, and limb defect association and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome are rare conditions. We aimed to present two cases with the vertebral defect, anal atresia, cardiac defect, tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal atresia, renal defect, and limb defect association and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser co-occurrence from our local surgical center and through a systematic literature search detect published cases. Furthermore, we aimed to collect existing knowledge in the embryopathogenesis and genetics in order to discuss a possible link between the vertebral defect, anal atresia, cardiac defect, tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal atresia, renal defect, and limb defect association and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION Our first case was a white girl delivered by caesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation; our second case was a white girl born at a gestational age of 40 weeks. A co-occurrence of vertebral defect, anal atresia, cardiac defect, tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal atresia, renal defect, and limb defect association and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome was diagnosed in both cases. We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed ((VACTERL) OR (VATER)) AND ((MRKH) OR (Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser) OR (mullerian agenesis) OR (mullerian aplasia) OR (MURCS)) without limitations. A similar search was performed in Embase and the Cochrane library. We added two cases from our local center. All cases (n = 9) presented with anal atresia and renal defect. Vertebral defects were present in eight patients. Rectovestibular fistula was confirmed in seven patients. Along with the uterovaginal agenesis, fallopian tube aplasia appeared in five of nine cases and in two cases ovarian involvement also existed. CONCLUSIONS The co-occurrence of the vertebral defect, anal atresia, cardiac defect, tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal atresia, renal defect, and limb defect association and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome is extremely rare. This group of patients has unusual phenotypic characteristics. The long-term outcome after treatment of defects is not well reported. A single unifying cause is not known and the etiology probably includes both genetic and non-genetic causes. We stress the importance of future studies to optimized treatment, follow-up, and etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bjørsum-Meyer
- Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, Odense, C 5000, Denmark. .,University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, M 5230, Denmark.
| | - Morten Herlin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Ladegårdsgade 5, Aalborg, 9000, Denmark
| | - Niels Qvist
- Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, Odense, C 5000, Denmark.,University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, M 5230, Denmark
| | - Michael B Petersen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Ladegårdsgade 5, Aalborg, 9000, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Sdr. Skovvej 15, Aalborg, 9000, Denmark
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