1
|
Õiglane-Shlik E, Puusepp S, Talvik I, Vaher U, Rein R, Tammur P, Reimand T, Teek R, Žilina O, Tomberg T, Õunap K. Monosomy 1p36 - a multifaceted and still enigmatic syndrome: four clinically diverse cases with shared white matter abnormalities. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2014; 18:338-46. [PMID: 24529875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Monosomy 1p36 is the most common subtelomeric deletion syndrome seen in humans. Uniform features of the syndrome include early developmental delay and consequent intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia, and characteristic dysmorphic facial features. The gene-rich nature of the chromosomal band, inconsistent deletion sizes and overlapping clinical features have complicated relevant genotype-phenotype correlations. We describe four patients with isolated chromosome 1p36 deletions. All patients shared white matter abnormalities, allowing us to narrow the critical region for white matter involvement to the deletion size of up to 2.5 Mb from the telomere. We hypothesise that there might be a gene(s) responsible for myelin development in the 1p36 subtelomeric region. Other significant clinical findings were progressive spastic paraparesis, epileptic encephalopathy, various skeletal anomalies, Prader-Willi-like phenotype, neoplastic changes - a haemangioma and a benign skin tumour, and in one case, sleep myoclonus, a clinical entity not previously described in association with 1p36 monosomy. Combined with prior studies, our results suggest that the clinical features seen in monosomy 1p36 have more complex causes than a classical contiguous gene deletion syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eve Õiglane-Shlik
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Sanna Puusepp
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Inga Talvik
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ulvi Vaher
- Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reet Rein
- Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pille Tammur
- Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiia Reimand
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rita Teek
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olga Žilina
- Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiiu Tomberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Haimi M, Iancu TC, Shaffer LG, Lerner A. Severe lysosomal storage disease of liver in del(1)(p36): A new presentation. Eur J Med Genet 2011; 54:209-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
3
|
Battaglia A. Del 1p36 syndrome: a newly emerging clinical entity. Brain Dev 2005; 27:358-61. [PMID: 16023552 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2004.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2003] [Revised: 03/15/2004] [Accepted: 03/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monosomy 1p36 is a recently delineated contiguous gene syndrome, which is now considered to be the most common subtelomeric microdeletion syndrome. From the recent literature it appears as if 1p36 deletions account for 0.5-1.2% of idiopathic mental retardation. The deletions can be detected by high resolution cytogenetic studies in a minority of patients, and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) is required in most. The deletions' parent of origin seems still unclear, although in one large series it was shown to be maternal. 1p36 deletion syndrome is characterized by distinct craniofacial features, associated with developmental delay/mental retardation, hypotonia, muscle hypotrophy, seizures, brain abnormalities, and heart defects. To help child neurologists and other professionals in the recognition of this emerging and common chromosomal syndrome, we have reviewed published articles on patients with this deletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agatino Battaglia
- Stella Maris Clinical Research Institute for Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry, via dei Giaicnti 2, 56018 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee ML, Tsao LY, Wang BT, Lee MH, Chiu IS. Revisit on a distinctive chromosome 1p36 deletion syndrome: report of one case and review of the English literature. Int J Cardiol 2004; 96:477-80. [PMID: 15301904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2003] [Accepted: 04/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
5
|
Ogilvie CM, Moore J, Daker M, Palferman S, Docherty Z. Chromosome 22q11 deletions are not found in autistic patients identified using strict diagnostic criteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(20000207)96:1<15::aid-ajmg5>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
6
|
Fan YS, Jung J, Hamilton B. Small terminal deletion of 1p and duplication of 1q: cytogenetics, FISH studies, and clinical observations at newborn and at age 16 years. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1999; 86:118-23. [PMID: 10449645 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990910)86:2<118::aid-ajmg6>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A small, extra chromosome segment added to 1p was found by Q-banding 16 years ago in a newborn baby with low birth weight, short stature, wide open fontanelle, small palpebral fissures, depressed nose bridge, and inguinal hernia. This chromosome abnormality has been characterized recently with G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization using multiple DNA probes. The karyotype is now described as 46,XY, der(1)(qter-->p36.13::q42.3-->qter), representing a small deletion of 1p36.13-pter and a small duplication of 1q42.3-qter. Re-examination of this patient at age 16 years showed marked psychomotor delay, severely accentuated dorsal kyphosis and scoliosis, pectus excavatum, and other anomalies but no clinical signs of neuroblastoma. Comparison of the clinical findings in this case with those described in the patients having either a deletion of 1p36-pter or a duplication of 1q42-qter further illustrated the complexity of the genotype-phenotype relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Fan
- London Health Sciences Centre and University of Western Ontario, London Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Slavotinek A, Shaffer LG, Shapira SK. Monosomy 1p36. J Med Genet 1999; 36:657-63. [PMID: 10507720 PMCID: PMC1734434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
We have reviewed published reports on patients with segmental aneusomy for chromosome 1p36 to help geneticists and other health professionals in the recognition of this emerging chromosomal syndrome. Terminal deletions of the short arm of chromosome 1 are associated with hypotonia and developmental delay (usually severe), growth abnormalities (growth retardation, microcephaly, obesity), and craniofacial dysmorphism with a large anterior fontanelle, prominent forehead, deep set eyes, flat nasal bridge and midface hypoplasia, ear asymmetry, a pointed chin, and orofacial clefting. Minor cardiac malformations, cardiomyopathy, seizures, and ventricular dilatation are the more common additional findings. Sensorineural hearing loss and variable ophthalmological anomalies have also been frequently observed. Although the deletions can be detected by high resolution cytogenetic studies, confirmation by fluorescence in situ hybridisation is required in most cases. The majority of deletions are maternally derived. Molecular characterisation of 1p36 deletions has been undertaken in several cases, and it is likely that this condition is a contiguous gene deletion syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Slavotinek
- University Department of Medical Genetics, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Slavotinek A, Rosenberg M, Knight S, Gaunt L, Fergusson W, Killoran C, Clayton-Smith J, Kingston H, Campbell RH, Flint J, Donnai D, Biesecker L. Screening for submicroscopic chromosome rearrangements in children with idiopathic mental retardation using microsatellite markers for the chromosome telomeres. J Med Genet 1999; 36:405-11. [PMID: 10353788 PMCID: PMC1734367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently much attention has been given to the detection of submicroscopic chromosome rearrangements in patients with idiopathic mental retardation. We have screened 27 subjects with mental retardation and dysmorphic features for such rearrangements using a genetic marker panel screening. The screening was a pilot project using markers from the subtelomeric regions of all 41 chromosome arms. The markers were informative for monosomy in both parents at 3661902 loci (40.6%, 95% confidence interval 37.0-44.2%) in the 22 families where DNA was available from both parents. In two of the 27 subjects, submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations were detected. The first patient had a 5-6 Mb deletion of chromosome 18q and the second patient had a 4 Mb deletion of chromosome 1p. The identification of two deletions in 27 cases gave an aberration frequency of 7.5% without adjustment for marker informativeness (95% confidence interval 1-24%) and an estimated frequency of 18% if marker informativeness for monosomy was taken into account. This frequency is higher than previous estimates of the number of subtelomeric chromosome abnormalities in children with idiopathic mental retardation (5-10%) although the confidence interval is overlapping. Our study suggests that in spite of the low informativeness of this pilot screening, submicroscopic chromosome aberrations may be a common cause of dysmorphic features and mental retardation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Slavotinek
- The University Department of Medical Genetics, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Many cases of autism appear to be caused by several abnormal genes acting in concert. The literature on chromosomal aberrations in autism is reviewed, with a view to finding potential gene markers for the neuropsychiatric disorder. Most of the chromosomes have been implicated in the genesis of autism. However, aberrations on the long arm of Chromosome 15 and numerical and structural abnormalities of the sex chromosomes have been most frequently reported. These chromosomes appear to hold particular promise in the search for candidate genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Gillberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
In this paper the results of an extensive medical investigation of 25 children with childhood autism are presented and compared with those found in a group of non-autistic individuals matched for sex, age and intellectual level, all referred for developmental deviancy of unknown etiology. The examination included a psychiatric assessment and a neurological examination in addition to neurophysiological, chromosomal, metabolic and neuroimaging evaluation. In the clinical examination macrocephaly was found only among the autistic individuals, while the frequency of pathological cerebral CT and clinical parameters such as tendon reflexes and mobility problems was significantly greater in the control group. All the other pathological findings were found to occur with the same frequency in the two groups. Except for research purposes this study did not lend support to those who argue for extensive medical examinations for all children with autism. Based on the present findings, ordinary procedures for assessment of developmentally delayed children should be followed. This should include a systematic clinical neuropaediatric examination, an assessment of vision and hearing and a chromosome study, including that for fragile X.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O H Skjeldal
- Department of Pediatrics, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shapira SK, McCaskill C, Northrup H, Spikes AS, Elder FF, Sutton VR, Korenberg JR, Greenberg F, Shaffer LG. Chromosome 1p36 deletions: the clinical phenotype and molecular characterization of a common newly delineated syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 61:642-50. [PMID: 9326330 PMCID: PMC1715949 DOI: 10.1086/515520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletions of the distal short arm of chromosome 1 (1p36) represent a common, newly delineated deletion syndrome, characterized by moderate to severe psychomotor retardation, seizures, growth delay, and dysmorphic features. Previous cytogenetic underascertainment of this chromosomal deletion has made it difficult to characterize the clinical and molecular aspects of the syndrome. Recent advances in cytogenetic technology, particularly FISH, have greatly improved the ability to identify 1p36 deletions and have allowed a clearer definition of the clinical phenotype and molecular characteristics of this syndrome. We have identified 14 patients with chromosome 1p36 deletions and have assessed the frequency of each phenotypic feature and clinical manifestation in the 13 patients with pure 1p36 deletions. The physical extent and parental origin of each deletion were determined by use of FISH probes on cytogenetic preparations and by analysis of polymorphic DNA markers in the patients and their available parents. Clinical examinations revealed that the most common features and medical problems in patients with this deletion syndrome include large anterior fontanelle (100%), motor delay/hypotonia (92%), moderate to severe mental retardation (92%), growth delay (85%), pointed chin (80%), eye/vision problems (75%), seizures (72%), flat nasal bridge (65%), clinodactyly and/or short fifth finger(s) (64%), low-set ear(s) (59%), ear asymmetry (57%), hearing deficits (56%), abusive behavior (56%), thickened ear helices (53%), and deep-set eyes (50%). FISH and DNA polymorphism analysis showed that there is no uniform region of deletion but, rather, a spectrum of different deletion sizes with a common minimal region of deletion overlap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Shapira
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Eugster EA, Berry SA, Hirsch B. Mosaicism for deletion 1p36.33 in a patient with obesity and hyperphagia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1997; 70:409-12. [PMID: 9182783 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19970627)70:4<409::aid-ajmg14>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on a 4-year-old girl with obesity and hyperphagia whose peripheral blood cytogenetic analysis showed mosaicism for a deletion of band 1p36.33. Terminal 1p deletions are rarely reported and this patient represents the first identified case of mosaicism. Given the subtlety of the cytogenetic abnormality and the possibility of mosaicism, the incidence of such deletions has probably been underestimated. While a characteristic phenotype associated with this karyotypic abnormality was described recently, the present report highlights the additional clinical findings of obesity and hyperphagia and the overlap of manifestations with Prader-Willi syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Eugster
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reish O, Berry SA, Hirsch B. Partial monosomy of chromosome 1p36.3: characterization of the critical region and delineation of a syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1995; 59:467-75. [PMID: 8585567 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320590413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe 5 patients ranging in age from 3 to 47 years, with karyotypic abnormalities resulting in monosomy for portion of 1p36.3, microcephaly, mental retardation, prominent forehead, deep-set eyes, depressed nasal bridge, flat midface, relative prognathism, and abnormal ears. Four patients have small hands and feet. All exhibited self-abusive behavior. Additional findings in some of the patients include brain anomalies, optic atrophy, hearing loss and skeletal deformities. The breakpoints within chromosome 1 were designated at 1p36.33 (1 case). Thus, the smallest region of deletion overlap is 1p36.33-->1pter. Detection of the abnormal 1 relied on high resolution G-band analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) utilizing a DNA probe (Oncor D1Z2) containing the repetitive sequences in distal 1p36, confirmed a deletion of one 1 homologue in all 5 cases. The abnormal 1 resulted from a de novo deletion in only one patient. The remaining patients were either confirmed (3 cases) or suspected (1 case) to have unbalanced translocations. Despite the additional genetic imbalance present in these four cases, monosomy of 1p36.33 appears to be responsible for a specific clinical phenotype. Characterization of this phenotype should assist in the clinical diagnosis of this chromosome abnormality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Reish
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Legare JM, Sekhon GS, Laxova R. De novo translocation involving chromosomes 1 and 4 resulting in partial duplication of 4q and partial deletion of 1p. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1994; 53:216-21. [PMID: 7856655 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320530304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe an infant boy with a unique de novo translocation involving chromosomes 1 and 4, resulting in dup(4q) and del(1p). His karyotype was 46,XY,-1,+der(1)t(1;4) (p36.2;q31.2). He had minor anomalies, congenital heart defect, respiratory distress, seizures, and central nervous system abnormalities. He died at age 11 weeks. The patient had manifestations of dup(4q) del(1p), and he was more seriously affected than patients having only one of these. No other patient with an identical chromosomal finding has been reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Legare
- University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mattia FR, Wardinsky TD, Tuttle DJ, Grix A, Smith KA, Walling P. Interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 1 (46XY, del(1)(p13p22.3)). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1992; 44:551-4. [PMID: 1481806 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320440503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A male patient with a de novo proximal interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 1 (46XY, del(1)(p13p22.3) is described with multiple anomalies and developmental delay. This patient's clinical manifestations are compared to previously reported patients with deletions of chromosome 1p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F R Mattia
- Department of Pediatrics, David Grant USAF Medical Center, Travis AFB, CA 94535
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wenger SL, Steele MW, Becker DJ. Clinical consequences of deletion 1p35. J Med Genet 1992. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.2.141-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
Mitchell ELD. Congenital Chromosome Aberrations and Tumor Predisposition. J Med Genet 1992. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.2.141-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
19
|
Yoshino M, Watanabe Y, Harada N, Abe K. De novo interstitial deletion of 1p (pter----p34.1::p32.3----qter). J Med Genet 1991; 28:539-40. [PMID: 1920371 PMCID: PMC1016984 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.28.8.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of a 9 month old girl with a de novo interstitial deletion of 1p, karyotype 46,XX, del(1)(pter----p34.1::p32.3----qter). She had dysmorphic features including upward slanting palpebral fissures, a bulbous nose, a long philtrum, low set and malformed ears, a short neck, hypoplastic nails on both index fingers, widened interdigital spaces between the toes, dilated lateral ventricles, right hydronephrosis, a dilated right ureter, mental and motor developmental delay, and generalised hypotonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yoshino
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
A further patient with a deletion of 1p is described, bringing the number of reported cases to 13. The cytogenetic derivation of the deletions and the clinical phenotype are reviewed. The range of breakpoints and small number of cases result in no clearly defined phenotype. Facial dysmorphism, clinodactyly of the fifth finger, mental retardation and heart defects are, however, most frequently described, with a high-arched palate, in particular, seen in deletions distal to p34.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Howard
- Regional Cytogenetics Unit, Royal Liverpool Hospital, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|