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Li P, Dupont B, Hu Q, Crimi M, Shen Y, Lebedev I, Liehr T. The past, present, and future for constitutional ring chromosomes: A report of the international consortium for human ring chromosomes. HGG ADVANCES 2022; 3:100139. [PMID: 36187226 PMCID: PMC9519620 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human ring chromosomes (RCs) are rare diseases with an estimated newborn incidence of 1/50,000 and an annual occurrence of 2,800 patients globally. Over the past 60 years, banding cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), chromosome microarray analysis (CMA), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has been used to detect an RC and further characterize its genomic alterations. Ring syndrome featuring sever growth retardation and variable intellectual disability has been considered as general clinical presentations for all RCs due to the cellular losses from the dynamic mosaicism of RC instability through mitosis. Cytogenomic heterogeneity ranging from simple complete RCs to complex rearranged RCs and variable RC intolerance with different relative frequencies have been observed. Clinical heterogeneity, including chromosome-specific deletion and duplication syndromes, gene-related organ and tissue defects, cancer predisposition to different types of tumors, and reproductive failure, has been reported in the literature. However, the patients with RCs reported in the literature accounted for less than 1% of its occurrence. Current diagnostic practice lacks laboratory standards for analyzing cellular behavior and genomic imbalances of RCs to evaluate the compound effects on patients. Under-representation of clinical cases and lack of comprehensive diagnostic analysis make it a challenge for evidence-based interpretation of clinico-cytogenomic correlations and recommendation of follow-up clinical management. Given recent advancements in genomic technologies and organized efforts by international collaborations and patient advocacy organizations, the prospective of standardized cytogenomic diagnosis and evidence-based clinical management for all patients with RCs could be achieved at an unprecedented global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peining Li
- Clinical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Barbara Dupont
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Qiping Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Marco Crimi
- Ring 14 International, Via Santa Maria Alla Porta 2, 20123 Milano, Italy
- Kaleidos SCS, Scientific Office, Via Moretti Andrea 20, 24121 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Yiping Shen
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Igor Lebedev
- Laboratory of Ontogenetics, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Corresponding author
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Corresponding author
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Eras N. A Case of Ring Chromosome 18 with Single Umbilical Artery Detected During Prenatal Period. Mol Syndromol 2020; 11:217-222. [PMID: 33224015 DOI: 10.1159/000509646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetuses with a single umbilical artery have a risk of increased chromosomal anomalies and congenital malformations. Ring chromosomes are rare and the phenotypic and clinical characteristics of affected individuals show great variability depending on the quantity of the lost critical genes or gains during the formation of the ring or due to mitotic instability. Ring chromosome 18 [r(18)] is characterized by short stature, craniofacial dysmorphism, mental and motor retardation, autoimmune disorders, extremity anomalies, dermal lesions, structural heart malformations, and kidney abnormalities. In this study, the clinical findings of a female patient who had a single umbilical artery in the prenatal period and was diagnosed as de novo r(18) by molecular karyotype analysis were compared with those in the literature. A detailed ultrasonographic examination of the fetus with a single umbilical artery may enable the detection of additional anomalies and thus the early diagnosis of chromosomal anomalies may be possible with prenatal genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazan Eras
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Abstract
SummaryIn a girl affected by mental deficiency and slight malformations, a 46,XX, 18r chromosome set was found. Metaphases with irregularly sized or absent rings amounted to 14% in peripheral blood cultures. Tritiated thymidine incorporation pattern in the ring chromosome was similar to that of the normal 18 chromosome.
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Thayer MJ. Mammalian chromosomes contain cis-acting elements that control replication timing, mitotic condensation, and stability of entire chromosomes. Bioessays 2012; 34:760-70. [PMID: 22706734 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that mammalian chromosomes contain discrete cis-acting loci that control replication timing, mitotic condensation, and stability of entire chromosomes. Disruption of the large non-coding RNA gene ASAR6 results in late replication, an under-condensed appearance during mitosis, and structural instability of human chromosome 6. Similarly, disruption of the mouse Xist gene in adult somatic cells results in a late replication and instability phenotype on the X chromosome. ASAR6 shares many characteristics with Xist, including random mono-allelic expression and asynchronous replication timing. Additional "chromosome engineering" studies indicate that certain chromosome rearrangements affecting many different chromosomes display this abnormal replication and instability phenotype. These observations suggest that all mammalian chromosomes contain "inactivation/stability centers" that control proper replication, condensation, and stability of individual chromosomes. Therefore, mammalian chromosomes contain four types of cis-acting elements, origins, telomeres, centromeres, and "inactivation/stability centers", all functioning to ensure proper replication, condensation, segregation, and stability of individual chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew J Thayer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.
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Detection of mosaicism for genome imbalance in a cohort of 3,042 clinical cases using an oligonucleotide array CGH platform. Eur J Med Genet 2011; 54:121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bhat BV, Usha TS, Pourany A, Puri RK, Srinvasan S, Mitra SC. Edward syndrome with multiple chromosomal defects. Indian J Pediatr 1989; 56:137-9. [PMID: 2583761 DOI: 10.1007/bf02749729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Töndury G. Malformations of kidney and urinary tract in common chromosomal aberrations. II. Morphogenetic studies. HUMANGENETIK 1973; 18:16-32. [PMID: 4578677 DOI: 10.1007/bf00279027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Winter JS, Ahluwalia K, Ray M. Conenital hypothyroidism in association with a ring chromosome 18. J Med Genet 1972; 9:122-6. [PMID: 5025476 PMCID: PMC1469196 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.9.1.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kunze J, Stephan E, Tolksdorf M. [Ring chromosome 18. 18p-/18q- -deletion-syndrome]. HUMANGENETIK 1972; 15:289-318. [PMID: 4565746 DOI: 10.1007/bf00281730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Lurie IW, Lazjuk GI. Partial monosomies 18. Review of cytogenetical and phenotypical variants. HUMANGENETIK 1972; 15:203-22. [PMID: 4563067 DOI: 10.1007/bf00702354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Surana RB, Bailey JD, Conen PE. A ring-4 chromosome in a patient with normal intelligence and short stature. J Med Genet 1971; 8:517-21. [PMID: 5149537 PMCID: PMC1469087 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.8.4.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Yanoff M, Rorke LB, Niederer BS. Ocular and cerebral abnormalities in chromosome 18 deletion defect. Am J Ophthalmol 1970; 70:391-402. [PMID: 4988943 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(70)90100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Richards BW, Rundle AT, Zaremba J, Stewart A. Ring chromosome 18 in a mentally retarded boy. JOURNAL OF MENTAL DEFICIENCY RESEARCH 1970; 14:174-186. [PMID: 5512218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1970.tb01112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Kistenmacher ML, Punnett HH. Comparative behavior of ring chromosomes. Am J Hum Genet 1970; 22:304-18. [PMID: 5445002 PMCID: PMC1706549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Christensen KR, Friedrich U, Jacobsen P, Jensen K, Nielsen J, Tsuboi T. Ring chromosome 18 in mother and daughter. JOURNAL OF MENTAL DEFICIENCY RESEARCH 1970; 14:49-67. [PMID: 5534732 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1970.tb01099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Bender K, Burckhardt K. On the localization of genes on certain autosomes of man through chromosome aberrations. 3. Exclusion of the possibility of gene assignment. HUMANGENETIK 1970; 9:75-85. [PMID: 5488998 DOI: 10.1007/bf00696016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Finley SC, Cooper MD, Finley WH, Uchida IA, Noto TA, Roddam RF. Immunological profile in a chromosome 18 deletion syndrome with IgA deficiency. J Med Genet 1969; 6:388-93. [PMID: 5391901 PMCID: PMC1468779 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.6.4.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Wald S, Engel E, Nance WE, Davies J, Puyau FA, Sinclair-Smith BC. E ring chromosome with persistent left superior vena cava and hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. J Med Genet 1969; 6:328-33. [PMID: 5388064 PMCID: PMC1468731 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.6.3.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Brewen JG, Peacock WJ. The effect of tritiated thymidine on sister-chromatid exchange in a ring chromosome. Mutat Res 1969; 7:433-40. [PMID: 5807337 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(69)90114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Leisti J, Gripenberg U, Kivalo E, Palo J, von Schoulz B, Suomalainen E. Two patients with a 46,XX,Er chromosome constitution. ACTA PAEDIATRICA SCANDINAVICA 1968; 57:441-7. [PMID: 5706055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb07318.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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