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Vitetta G, Desiderio L, Baccolini I, Uliana V, Lanzoni G, Ghi T, Pilu G, Ambrosini E, Caggiati P, Barili V, Trotta AC, Liuti MR, Malpezzi E, Pittalis MC, Percesepe A. Mosaic derivative chromosomes at chorionic villi (CV) sampling are expression of genomic instability and precursors of cryptic disease-causing rearrangements: report of further four cases. Mol Cytogenet 2024; 17:8. [PMID: 38589928 PMCID: PMC11003029 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-024-00675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosaic chromosomal anomalies arising in the product of conception and the final fetal chromosomal arrangement are expression of complex biological mechanisms. The rescue of unbalanced chromosome with selection of the most viable cell line/s in the embryo and the unfavourable imbalances in placental tissues was documented in our previous paper and in the literature. We report four additional cases with mosaic derivative chromosomes in different feto-placental tissues, further showing the instability of an intermediate gross imbalance as a frequent mechanism of de novo cryptic deletions and duplications. In conclusion we underline how the extensive remodeling of unbalanced chromosomes in placental tissues represents the 'backstage' of de novo structural rearrangements, as the early phases of a long selection process that the genome undergo during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vitetta
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Desiderio
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Baccolini
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vera Uliana
- Medical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Lanzoni
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tullio Ghi
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Pilu
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Ambrosini
- Medical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Barili
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Malpezzi
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Pittalis
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Antonio Percesepe
- Medical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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2
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Zuffardi O, Fichera M, Bonaglia MC. The embryo battle against adverse genomes: Are de novo terminal deletions the rescue of unfavorable zygotic imbalances? Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104532. [PMID: 35724817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
De novo distal deletions are structural variants considered to be already present in the zygote. However, investigations especially in the prenatal setting have documented that they are often in mosaic with cell lines in which the same deleted chromosome shows different types of aberrations such as: 1) neutral copy variants with loss of heterozygosity that replace the deleted region with equivalent portions of the homologous chromosome and create distal uniparental disomy (UPD); 2) derivative chromosomes where the deleted one ends with the distal region of another chromosome or has the shape of a ring; 3) U-type mirror dicentric or inv-dup del rearrangements. Unstable dicentrics had already been entailed as causative of terminal deletions even when no trace of the reciprocal inv-dup del had been detected. To clarify the mechanism of origin of distal deletions, we examined PubMed using as keywords: complex/mosaic chromosomal deletions, distal UPD, U-type dicentrics, inv-dup del chromosomes, excluding the recurrent inv-dup del(8p)s which are known to originate by NAHR at the maternal meiosis. The literature has shown that U-type dicentrics leading to nearly complete trisomy and therefore incompatible with zygotic survival underlie many types of de novo unbalanced rearrangements, including terminal deletions. In the early embryo, the position of the postzygotic breaks of the dicentric, the different ways of acquiring telomeres by the broken portions and the selection of the most favorable cell lines in the different tissues determine the prevalence of one or the other rearrangement. Multiple lines with simple terminal deletions, inv-dup dels, unbalanced translocations and segmental UPDs can coexist in various mosaic combinations although it is rare to identify them all in the blood. Regarding the origin of the dicentric, among the 30 cases of non-recurrent inv-dup del with sufficient genotyping information, paternal origin was markedly prevalent with consistently identical polymorphisms within the duplication region, regardless of parental origin. The non-random parental origin made any postzygotic origin unlikely and suggested the occurrence of these dicentrics mainly in spermatogenesis. This study strengthens the evidence that non-recurrent de novo structural rearrangements are often secondary to the rescue of a zygotic genome incompatible with embryo survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsetta Zuffardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Marco Fichera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
| | - Maria Clara Bonaglia
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
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Vibert R, Mignot C, Keren B, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Portnoï MF, Nouguès MC, Moutard ML, Faudet A, Whalen S, Haye D, Garel C, Chatron N, Rossi M, Vincent-Delorme C, Boute O, Delobel B, Andrieux J, Devillard F, Coutton C, Puechberty J, Pebrel-Richard C, Colson C, Gerard M, Missirian C, Sigaudy S, Busa T, Doco-Fenzy M, Malan V, Rio M, Doray B, Sanlaville D, Siffroi JP, Héron D, Heide S. Neurodevelopmental phenotype in 36 new patients with 8p inverted duplication-deletion: Genotype-phenotype correlation for anomalies of the corpus callosum. Clin Genet 2021; 101:307-316. [PMID: 34866188 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Inverted duplication deletion 8p [invdupdel(8p)] is a complex and rare chromosomal rearrangement that combines a distal deletion and an inverted interstitial duplication of the short arm of chromosome 8. Carrier patients usually have developmental delay and intellectual disability (ID), associated with various cerebral and extra-cerebral malformations. Invdupdel(8p) is the most common recurrent chromosomal rearrangement in ID patients with anomalies of the corpus callosum (AnCC). Only a minority of invdupdel(8p) cases reported in the literature to date had both brain cerebral imaging and chromosomal microarray (CMA) with precise breakpoints of the rearrangements, making genotype-phenotype correlation studies for AnCC difficult. In this study, we report the clinical, radiological, and molecular data from 36 new invdupdel(8p) cases including three fetuses and five individuals from the same family, with breakpoints characterized by CMA. Among those, 97% (n = 32/33) of patients presented with mild to severe developmental delay/ID and 34% had seizures with mean age of onset of 3.9 years (2 months-9 years). Moreover, out of the 24 patients with brain MRI and 3 fetuses with neuropathology analysis, 63% (n = 17/27) had AnCC. We review additional data from 99 previously published patients with invdupdel(8p) and compare data of 17 patients from the literature with both CMA analysis and brain imaging to refine genotype-phenotype correlations for AnCC. This led us to refine a region of 5.1 Mb common to duplications of patients with AnCC and discuss potential candidate genes within this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseline Vibert
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau and Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau and Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- UF de Génomique du Développement, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie-France Portnoï
- Department of Cytogenetics, Armand Trousseau Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Nouguès
- Service of Pediatric Neurology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Moutard
- Service of Pediatric Neurology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Anne Faudet
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau and Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Whalen
- UF de Génétique Clinique et Centre de Référence Maladies Rares des Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, ERN ITHACA, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Damien Haye
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau and Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Garel
- Department of Radiology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Chatron
- Departments of Genetics, Lyon University Hospitals, Lyon, France
| | - Massimiliano Rossi
- Genetics Department, Referral Centre for Developmental Abnormalities, Lyon University Hospital, and INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, GENDEV Team, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Bron, France
| | | | - Odile Boute
- Service of Clinical Genetic, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Delobel
- Service of Cytogenetics, Institut Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Joris Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Françoise Devillard
- Service de Génétique, Génomique, et Procréation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France; INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Charles Coutton
- Service de Génétique, Génomique, et Procréation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France; INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Puechberty
- Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Pebrel-Richard
- Service of Cytogenetic, Clermont-Ferrand's University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cindy Colson
- Service of Clinical Genetic, Caen's University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Marion Gerard
- Service of Clinical Genetic, Caen's University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Chantal Missirian
- APHM, Laboratory of Genetic, Timone Enfants' Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Sabine Sigaudy
- Department of Medical Genetics, Timone Enfants' Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Tiffany Busa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Timone Enfants' Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - Valérie Malan
- APHP, Service de Médecine Génomique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marlène Rio
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Bérénice Doray
- Service of Genetic, Felix Guyon Hospital, La Réunion, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Siffroi
- Department of Cytogenetics, Armand Trousseau Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Héron
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau and Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Solveig Heide
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau and Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Jiang Y, Tang S, He F, Yuan JX, Zhang Z. New mechanism of partial duplication and deletion of chromosome 8: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:7139-7145. [PMID: 34540970 PMCID: PMC8409188 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i24.7139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During meiosis, the recombination of homologous chromosomes produces some new heritable mutations, which are the basis of biological evolution and diversity. However, when there is pericentric inversion of chromosomes, unbalanced gametes will be formed in the process of germ cell meiosis.
CASE SUMMARY A 23-year-old pregnant woman at 25 wk of gestation wanted to terminate her pregnancy due to fetal chromosomal abnormalities. She had no exposure to toxic or hazardous substances before and during pregnancy, no history of medication usage during pregnancy, and she underwent cystectomy of ovarian cysts in 2017. On the second day of the 16th week of gestation, non-invasive prenatal testing showed chromosome 8 copy number variation. Following genetic counseling, her pregnancy was terminated.
CONCLUSION Recombinant offspring chromosome is rarely seen when the inversion segment is shorter than one-third of the chromosome length. In terms of the mechanism of chromosome 8 duplication/deletion occurrence, attention should be paid to the production of unbalanced gametes by the pairing of homologous chromosome during meiosis, and the possibility of mitotic recombination exchange as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Office of Prenatal Diagnosis, Mianyang People’s Hospital, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- Office of Prenatal Diagnosis, Mianyang People’s Hospital, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Obstetrics, Mianyang People’s Hospital, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jue-Xin Yuan
- Office of Prenatal Diagnosis, Mianyang People’s Hospital, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhu Zhang
- Office of Prenatal Diagnosis, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
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Domaradzka J, Deperas M, Obersztyn E, Kucińska-Chahwan A, Brison N, Van Den Bogaert K, Roszkowski T, Kędzior M, Bartnik-Głaska M, Łuszczek A, Jakubów-Durska K, Vermeesch JR, Nowakowska BA. A placental trisomy 2 detected by NIPT evolved in a fetal small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome (sSMC). Mol Cytogenet 2021; 14:18. [PMID: 33722255 PMCID: PMC7962352 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-021-00535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a rapidly developing and widely used method in the prenatal screening. Recently, the widespread use of the NIPT caused a neglecting of the limitations of this technology. CASE PRESENTATION The 38-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis because of a high risk of trisomy 2 revealed by the genome-wide Non-Invasive Prenatal Test (NIPT). The invasive prenatal diagnosis revealed the mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome sSMC derived from chromosome 2. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on uncultured amniocytes revealed three signals of centromere 2 in 30% of the cells. GTG-banded metaphases revealed abnormal karyotype (47,XX,+mar[21]/46,XX[19]) and was confirmed by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Cytogenetic analyses (FISH, aCGH, karyotype) on fetal skin biopsies were performed and confirmed the genomic gain of the centromeric region of chromosome 2. In the placenta, three cell lines were detected: a normal cell line, a cell line with trisomy 2 and a third one with only the sSMC. CONCLUSION Whole-genome Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing allows not only the identification of common fetal trisomies but also diagnosis of rare chromosomal abnormalities. Especially in such cases, it is extremely important to perform not only NIPT verification on a sample of material other than trophoblast, but also to apply appropriate research methods. Such conduct allows detailed analysis of the detected aberration, thus appropriate clinical validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Domaradzka
- Medical Genetics Department, The Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Deperas
- Medical Genetics Department, The Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Obersztyn
- Medical Genetics Department, The Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kucińska-Chahwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Czerniakowska 231, 00-416, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nathalie Brison
- Centre for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Tomasz Roszkowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Czerniakowska 231, 00-416, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kędzior
- Medical Genetics Department, The Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bartnik-Głaska
- Medical Genetics Department, The Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Łuszczek
- Medical Genetics Department, The Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Jakubów-Durska
- Medical Genetics Department, The Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Beata Anna Nowakowska
- Medical Genetics Department, The Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
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Lo Bianco M, Vecchio D, Timpanaro TA, Arena A, Macchiaiolo M, Bartuli A, Sciuto L, Presti S, Sciuto S, Sapuppo A, Fiumara A, Marino L, Messina G, Pavone P. Deciphering the Invdupdel(8p) Genotype-Phenotype Correlation: Our Opinion. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070451. [PMID: 32679641 PMCID: PMC7408450 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The 8p inverted duplication/deletion is a rare chromosomal rearrangement clinically featuring neurodevelopmental delay, mild to severe cognitive impairment, heart congenital defects and brain abnormalities. Patients affected also present typical facial dysmorphisms and skeletal malformations, and it is thought that the composite clinical picture may fall into the chromosomal rearrangement architecture. With the major aim of better framing its related clinical and diagnostic paths, we describe a patient carrying a de novo invdupde[8p] whose clinical features have not been described so far. Hence, through an extensive genotype-phenotype correlation analysis and by reviewing the dedicated scientific literature, we compared our patient's features with those reported in other patients, which allows us to place our proband's expressiveness in an intermediate area, widening the scope of the already known invdupde[8p] genotype-phenotype relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Lo Bianco
- Postgraduate Training Program in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (L.M.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.B.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-3401841225 (M.L.B.); +39-0953781193 (P.P.)
| | - Davide Vecchio
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy; (D.V.); (M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Tiziana A. Timpanaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (T.A.T.); (A.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessia Arena
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (T.A.T.); (A.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Marina Macchiaiolo
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy; (D.V.); (M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy; (D.V.); (M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Laura Sciuto
- Postgraduate Training Program in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Santiago Presti
- Postgraduate Training Program in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Sarah Sciuto
- Postgraduate Training Program in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Annamaria Sapuppo
- Postgraduate Training Program in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Agata Fiumara
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (T.A.T.); (A.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Lidia Marino
- Postgraduate Training Program in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Giulia Messina
- Postgraduate Training Program in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Piero Pavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (T.A.T.); (A.A.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.B.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-3401841225 (M.L.B.); +39-0953781193 (P.P.)
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7
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Silan F, Bourouba R, Karakaya T, Yildiz O, Paksoy B, Urfali M, Ozdemir O. The clinical, cytogenetics and molecular characterization of inverted duplication/deletion of chromosome 8p in a boy with mental and motor retardation: Genotype-phenotype correlation in a case report. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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8
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García-Santiago FA, Martínez-Glez V, Santos F, García-Miñaur S, Mansilla E, Meneses AG, Rosell J, Granero ÁP, Vallespín E, Fernández L, Sierra B, Oliver-Bonet M, Palomares M, de Torres ML, Mori MÁ, Nevado J, Heath KE, Delicado A, Lapunzina P. Analysis of invdupdel(8p) rearrangement: Clinical, cytogenetic and molecular characterization. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:1018-25. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fe Amalia García-Santiago
- Cytogenetics Unit, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
| | - Víctor Martínez-Glez
- Functional and Structural Genomics Unit, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
- CIBERER; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; ISCIII; Madrid Spain
| | - Fernando Santos
- Clinical Gentics Unit, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
- CIBERER; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; ISCIII; Madrid Spain
| | - Sixto García-Miñaur
- Clinical Gentics Unit, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
- CIBERER; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; ISCIII; Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Mansilla
- Cytogenetics Unit, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
- CIBERER; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; ISCIII; Madrid Spain
| | | | - Jordi Rosell
- CIBERER; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; ISCIII; Madrid Spain
- Genetics Unit; Hospital Son Espases; Palma de Mallorca; Spain
| | | | - Elena Vallespín
- Functional and Structural Genomics Unit, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
- CIBERER; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; ISCIII; Madrid Spain
| | - Luis Fernández
- Functional and Structural Genomics Unit, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
- CIBERER; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; ISCIII; Madrid Spain
| | - Blanca Sierra
- Genetics Unit; Hospital Son Espases; Palma de Mallorca; Spain
| | | | - María Palomares
- Functional and Structural Genomics Unit, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
- CIBERER; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; ISCIII; Madrid Spain
| | - María Luisa de Torres
- Cytogenetics Unit, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
- CIBERER; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; ISCIII; Madrid Spain
| | - María Ángeles Mori
- Functional and Structural Genomics Unit, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
- CIBERER; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; ISCIII; Madrid Spain
| | - Julián Nevado
- Functional and Structural Genomics Unit, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
- CIBERER; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; ISCIII; Madrid Spain
| | - Karen E. Heath
- Molecular Endocrinology Unit, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
- CIBERER; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; ISCIII; Madrid Spain
| | - Alicia Delicado
- Cytogenetics Unit, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
- CIBERER; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; ISCIII; Madrid Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Clinical Gentics Unit, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
- CIBERER; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; ISCIII; Madrid Spain
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9
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Utine GE, Haliloğlu G, Volkan-Salancı B, Çetinkaya A, Kiper PÖ, Alanay Y, Aktaş D, Anlar B, Topçu M, Boduroğlu K, Alikaşifoğlu M. Etiological yield of SNP microarrays in idiopathic intellectual disability. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2014; 18:327-37. [PMID: 24508361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) has a prevalence of 3% and is classified according to its severity. An underlying etiology cannot be determined in 75-80% in mild ID, and in 20-50% of severe ID. After it has been shown that copy number variations involving short DNA segments may cause ID, genome-wide SNP microarrays are being used as a tool for detecting submicroscopic copy number changes and uniparental disomy. This study was performed to investigate the presence of copy number changes in patients with ID of unidentified etiology. Affymetrix(®) 6.0 SNP microarray platform was used for analysis of 100 patients and their healthy parents, and data were evaluated using various databases and literature. Etiological diagnoses were made in 12 patients (12%). Homozygous deletion in NRXN1 gene and duplication in IL1RAPL1 gene were detected for the first time. Two separate patients had deletions in FOXP2 and UBE2A genes, respectively, for which only few patients have recently been reported. Interstitial and subtelomeric copy number changes were described in 6 patients, in whom routine cytogenetic tools revealed normal results. In one patient uniparental disomy type of Angelman syndrome was diagnosed. SNP microarrays constitute a screening test able to detect very small genomic changes, with a high etiological yield even in patients already evaluated using traditional cytogenetic tools, offer analysis for uniparental disomy and homozygosity, and thereby are helpful in finding novel disease-causing genes: for these reasons they should be considered as a first-tier genetic screening test in the evaluation of patients with ID and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Eda Utine
- Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Göknur Haliloğlu
- Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bilge Volkan-Salancı
- Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arda Çetinkaya
- Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Ö Kiper
- Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Aktaş
- Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu Anlar
- Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Topçu
- Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Boduroğlu
- Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Alikaşifoğlu
- Hacettepe University, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Shimizu K, Wakui K, Kosho T, Okamoto N, Mizuno S, Itomi K, Hattori S, Nishio K, Samura O, Kobayashi Y, Kako Y, Arai T, Tsutomu OI, Kawame H, Narumi Y, Ohashi H, Fukushima Y. Microarray and FISH-based genotype-phenotype analysis of 22 Japanese patients with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 164A:597-609. [PMID: 24357569 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a contiguous gene deletion syndrome of the distal 4p chromosome, characterized by craniofacial features, growth impairment, intellectual disability, and seizures. Although genotype-phenotype correlation studies have previously been published, several important issues remain to be elucidated including seizure severity. We present detailed clinical and molecular-cytogenetic findings from a microarray and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based genotype-phenotype analysis of 22 Japanese WHS patients, the first large non-Western series. 4p deletions were terminal in 20 patients and interstitial in two, with deletion sizes ranging from 2.06 to 29.42 Mb. The new Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical region (WHSCR2) was deleted in all cases, and duplication of other chromosomal regions occurred in four. Complex mosaicism was identified in two cases: two different 4p terminal deletions; a simple 4p terminal deletion and an unbalanced translocation with the same 4p breakpoint. Seizures began in infancy in 33% (2/6) of cases with small (<6 Mb) deletions and in 86% (12/14) of cases with larger deletions (>6 Mb). Status epilepticus occurred in 17% (1/6) with small deletions and in 87% (13/15) with larger deletions. Renal hypoplasia or dysplasia and structural ocular anomalies were more prevalent in those with larger deletions. A new susceptible region for seizure occurrence is suggested between 0.76 and 1.3 Mb from 4 pter, encompassing CTBP1 and CPLX1, and distal to the previously-supposed candidate gene LETM1. The usefulness of bromide therapy for seizures and additional clinical features including hypercholesterolemia are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Shimizu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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11
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Torti EE, Braddock SR, Bernreuter K, Batanian JR. Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum, cat eye, and distal 22q11 microdeletion syndromes: a unique double rearrangement. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1992-8. [PMID: 23894059 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An array-CGH on 19-year-old male showed a proximal 1.11 Mb duplication and a distal 1.7 Mb deletion of 22q11.2 regions flanking the Velocardiofacial/DiGeorge syndrome region that remained intact. FISH analyses revealed both abnormalities to be on the same homolog 22. This double rearrangement lead to the co-existence of two syndromes: Cat eye and distal 22q11.2 microdeletion syndromes with a rare associated phenotype of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS). A review of the literature indicates that this is the second report of a proximal duplication and the fifth report of a distal deletion and OAVS suggestive of a possible OAVS candidate gene in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Torti
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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12
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Pittalis MC, Mattarozzi A, Menozzi C, Malacarne M, Baccolini I, Farina A, Pompilii E, Magini P, Percesepe A. Structural chromosomal abnormalities detected during CVS analysis and their role in the prenatal ascertainment of cryptic subtelomeric rearrangements. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2559-63. [PMID: 23922197 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mosaic structural chromosomal abnormalities observed along the trophoblast-mesenchyme-fetal axis, although rare, pose a difficult problem for their prognostic interpretation in prenatal diagnosis. Additional issues are raised by the presence of mosaic imbalances of the same chromosome showing different sizes in the different tissues, that is, deletions and duplications in the cytotrophoblast and mesenchyme of chorionic villi (CV). Some of these cytogenetic rearrangements originate from the post-zygotic breakage of a dicentric chromosome or of the product of its first anaphasic breakage. Selection of the most viable cell line may result in confined placental mosaicism of the most severe imbalance, favoring the presence of the cell lines with the mildest duplications or deletions in the fetal tissues. We document three cases of ambiguous results in CV analysis due to the presence of different cell lines involving structural rearrangements of the same chromosome which were represented differently in the trophoblast and the mesenchyme. Observation by conventional karyotype of a grossly rearranged chromosome in one of the CV preparations (direct or culture) was crucial to call attention to the involved chromosomal region in other tissues (villi or amniotic fluid), allowing the prenatal diagnosis through molecular cytogenetic methods of subtelomeric rearrangements [del(7)(q36qter); del(11)(q25qter); del(20)(p13pter)]. This would have surely been undiagnosed with the routine banding technique. In conclusion, the possibility to diagnose complex abnormalities leading to cryptic subtelomeric rearrangements, together with a better knowledge of the initial/intermediate products leading to the final abnormal cryptic deletion should be added to the advantages of the CV sampling technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carla Pittalis
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Independent post-zygotic breaks of a dicentric chromosome result in mosaicism for an inverted duplication deletion 9p and terminal deletion 9p. Eur J Med Genet 2013; 56:229-35. [PMID: 23416622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mosaicism with two cell lines having different rearrangements of the same chromosome is rare. Only a few cases of mosaicism have been described in association with chromosomal inverted duplication deletion (inv dup del) rearrangements. A well-established mechanism of formation of inv dup del rearrangements involves a dicentric intermediate, which undergoes breakage during cell division, generating cells with either an inv dup del or a simple deletion. A patient with developmental delay and dysmorphic features was found to carry two cell lines with rearrangements of 9p: an inv dup del 9p and a terminal deletion 9p. Microarray and FISH analysis showed that these cell lines do not constitute the reciprocal products of a single dicentric breakage event. We propose that independent post-zygotic breaks of a dicentric chromosome as a likely mechanism leading to the generation of the observed cell lines. The post-zygotic origin of the inv dup del rearrangements and the associated mosaicism can be a more frequent phenomenon than currently appreciated. Therefore, genotype-phenotype correlations in the inv dup del rearrangements need to take into account the possible presence of other abnormal cell lines during early development.
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14
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Ergün MA, Kula S, Karaer K, Perçin EF. A case with de novo inv dup del(8p) associated with dextrocardia and corpus callosum agenesis. Pediatr Int 2010; 52:845-6. [PMID: 20880309 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2010.03181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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15
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Hand M, Gray C, Glew G, Tsuchiya KD. Mild phenotype in a patient with mosaic del(8p)/inv dup del(8p). Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:2827-31. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Genomic profile of copy number variants on the short arm of human chromosome 8. Eur J Hum Genet 2010; 18:1114-20. [PMID: 20461109 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated 966 consecutive pediatric patients with various developmental disorders by high-resolution microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization and found 10 individuals with pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) on the short arm of chromosome 8 (8p), representing approximately 1% of the patients analyzed. Two patients with 8p terminal deletion associated with interstitial inverted duplication (inv dup del(8p)) had different mechanisms leading to the formation of a dicentric intermediate during meiosis. Three probands carried an identical ∼5.0 Mb interstitial duplication of chromosome 8p23.1. Four possible hotspots within 8p were observed at nucleotide coordinates of ∼10.45, 24.32-24.82, 32.19-32.77, and 38.94-39.72 Mb involving the formation of recurrent genomic rearrangements. Other CNVs with deletion- or duplication-specific start or stop coordinates on the 8p provide useful information for exploring the basic mechanisms of complex structural rearrangements in the human genome.
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17
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Aktas D, Weise A, Utine E, Alehan D, Mrasek K, von Eggeling F, Thieme H, Tuncbilek E, Liehr T. Clinically abnormal case with paternally derived partial trisomy 8p23.3 to 8p12 including maternal isodisomy of 8p23.3: a case report. Mol Cytogenet 2009; 2:14. [PMID: 19566937 PMCID: PMC2715415 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-2-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Because of low copy repeats (LCRs) and common inversion polymorphisms, the human chromosome 8p is prone to a number of recurrent rearrangements. Each of these rearrangements is associated with several phenotypic features. We report on a patient with various clinical malformations and developmental delay in connection with an inverted duplication event, involving chromosome 8p. Methods Chromosome analysis, multicolor banding analysis (MCB), extensive fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and microsatellite analysis were performed. Results The karyotype was characterized in detail by multicolor banding (MCB), subtelomeric and centromere-near probes as 46,XY,dup(8)(pter->p23.3::p12->p23.3::p23.3->qter). Additionally, microsatellite analysis revealed the paternal origin of the duplication and gave hints for a mitotic recombination involving about 6 MB in 8p23.3. Conclusion A comprehensive analysis of the derivative chromosome 8 suggested a previously unreported mechanism of formation, which included an early mitotic aberration leading to maternal isodisomy, followed by an inverted duplication of the 8p12p23.3 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Aktas
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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18
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Leclercq S, Maincent K, Baverel F, Tessier DL, Letourneur F, Lebbar A, Dupont JM. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of the first reported case of inv dup del 20p compatible with a U-type exchange model. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:437-45. [PMID: 19206177 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Inverted duplications with terminal deletions have been reported for an increasing number of chromosome ends. The best characterized and most frequent rearrangement reported involves the short arm of chromosome 8. It derives from non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between two inverted LCRs (low copy repeats) of the olfactory receptor (OR) gene cluster during maternal meiosis. We report here on the cytogenetic characterization of the first inversion duplication deletion involving the short arm of chromosome 20 (inv dup del 20p) in an 18-month-old boy presenting with clinical signs consistent with 20p trisomy syndrome. This abnormality was suspected on karyotyping, but high-resolution molecular cytogenetic investigations were required to define the breakpoints of the rearrangement and to obtain insight into the mechanism underlying its formation. The duplicated region was estimated to be 18.16 Mb in size, extending from 20p13 to 20p11.22, and the size of the terminal deletion was estimated at 2.02 Mb in the 20p13 region. No single copy region was detected between the deleted and duplicated segments. As neither LCR nor inversion was identified in the 20p13 region, the inv dup del (20p) chromosome abnormality probably did not arise by NAHR. The most likely mechanism involves a break in the 20p13 region, leading to chromosome instability and reparation by U-type exchange or end-to-end fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Leclercq
- AP-HP, Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de médecine Unité de Cytogénétique, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Saint Vincent de Paul, Paris, France.
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19
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Hollox EJ, Barber JCK, Brookes AJ, Armour JAL. Defensins and the dynamic genome: what we can learn from structural variation at human chromosome band 8p23.1. Genome Res 2009; 18:1686-97. [PMID: 18974263 DOI: 10.1101/gr.080945.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past four years, genome-wide studies have uncovered numerous examples of structural variation in the human genome. This includes structural variation that changes copy number, such as deletion and duplication, and structural variation that does not change copy number, such as orientation and positional polymorphism. One region that contains all these types of variation spans the chromosome band 8p23.1. This region has been studied in some depth, and the focus of this review is to examine our current understanding of the variation of this region. We also consider whether this region is a good model for other structurally variable regions in the genome and what the implications of this variation are for clinical studies. Finally, we discuss the bioinformatics challenges raised, discuss the evolution of the region, and suggest some future priorities for structural variation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Hollox
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
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20
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Cryptic trisomy 5q35.2qter and deletion 1p36.3 characterised using FISH and array-based CGH. Eur J Med Genet 2008; 51:343-50. [PMID: 18440888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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21
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Cooke SL, Northup JK, Champaige NL, Zinser W, Edwards PAW, Lockhart LH, Velagaleti GVN. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a unique and complex de novo 8p rearrangement. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:1166-72. [PMID: 18302246 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Human chromosome 8p is prone to recurrent rearrangements with inv dup del(8p) being most common. Each of these recurrent rearrangements is associated with different clinical manifestations. Some of these recurrent rearrangements at 8p are mediated by an 8p submicroscopic paracentric inversion between the olfactory gene clusters present in one of the parents. However, recent reports have shown that some of the rearrangements are unique and complex and are mediated by other repetitive elements within 8p. Here, we report on a unique and complex 8p rearrangement with seizures as the major presenting feature in the patient. Extensive fluorescence in situ hybridization and microarray analyses with tiling path 8p array showed that the rearrangement is unique in that the 8p duplication is a direct tandem duplication and, unlike the more common inv dup del(8p), is not derived from parental submicroscopic inversion. Also unlike the inv dup del(8p), the phenotype in our case is milder with no central nervous system malformations or cardiac defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna L Cooke
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
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22
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Daniel A, St Heaps L, Sylvester D, Diaz S, Peters G. Two mosaic terminal inverted duplications arising post-zygotically: Evidence for possible formation of neo-telomeres. CELL & CHROMOSOME 2008; 7:1. [PMID: 18331649 PMCID: PMC2292745 DOI: 10.1186/1475-9268-7-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective To elucidate the structure of terminal inverted duplications and to investigate potential mechanisms of formation in two cases where there was mosaicism with cells of apparently normal karyotype. Results A karyotype [46,XY,inv dup(4)(p16.3p15.1)/46,XY] performed on blood lymphocytes from a patient referred for developmental delay (case 1) demonstrated a normal karyotype in 60% of cells with a terminal inverted duplication 4p in the remainder. In case 2, referred for multiple fetal anomalies on an ultrasound scan, 33% of amniocyte colonies were karyotypically normal, with a terminal inv dup 10p in the remainder [46,XX,inv dup(10)(p15.3p11)/46,XX]. Duplicated FISH signals for GATA3 and NEBL loci (in case 2), and for the Wolf-Hirschhorn locus (case 1) confirmed the inverted structure of both duplications. In the GTL banded normal cells from both cases, there was a cryptic deletion detected by FISH of one copy of the subtelomere 4p (case 1, probe GS-36P21), and subtelomere 10p (case 2, probe GS-306F7). At pter on both inv dup chromosomes there was no FISH signal present for the specific subtelomere probe. However, a positive pantelomeric probe signal was detected at 4 pter and 10 pter in both the cryptically-deleted chromosomes and the inv dup chromosomes in the respective cell lines of both cases. Conclusion An inv dup structure was evident for both cases on GTL bands, and confirmed by the various FISH studies. The presence of telomere (TTAGGG repeat) sequences at pter on the inv dup chromosomes (where more proximal chromosome specific subtelomeric probes were negative) was indicated by the pantelomeric probe signals in both cases. We conclude the most likely mechanism of origin in both cases was by sub-telomeric breakage in the zygote at pter, and delayed repair/rearrangement until after one or more subsequent mitotic divisions. In these divisions, at least one breakage-fusion-bridge cycle occurred, to produce inverted duplications. It is proposed then that two differently "repaired" daughter cells proliferated in parallel. In one daughter cell line (with an overtly normal karyotype) there was deletion of the subtelomere and presumed repair through capping by a neo-telomere (i.e. "healing", as initially proposed by McClintock). This occurred in both cases presented. In the other daughter cell of each case, it is proposed that chromosome stabilization was achieved (after replication) by sister chromatid reunion to form a dicentric, which broke at a subsequent anaphase, to form an inverted duplication (with loss of the reciprocal product, and the other daughter cell line). One inv dup was repaired without an interstitial specific subtelomere (case 1) and one was repaired with a duplicated specific interstitial subtelomere (case 2). After repair TTAGGG repeats were detected by FISH at each respective new pter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Art Daniel
- Department of Cytogenetics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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23
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Petrov VV, van Pelt JF, Vermeesch JR, Van Duppen VJ, Vekemans K, Fagard RH, Lijnen PJ. TGF-beta1-induced cardiac myofibroblasts are nonproliferating functional cells carrying DNA damages. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:1480-94. [PMID: 18295203 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
TGF-beta1 induces differentiation and total inhibition of cardiac MyoFb cell division and DNA synthesis. These effects of TGF-beta1 are irreversible. Inhibition of MyoFb proliferation is accompanied with the expression of Smad1, Mad1, p15Ink4B and total inhibition of telomerase activity. Surprisingly, TGF-beta1-activated MyoFbs are growth-arrested not only at G1-phase but also at S-phase of the cell cycle. Staining with TUNEL indicates that these cells carry DNA damages. However, the absolute majority of MyoFbs are non-apoptotic cells as established with two apoptosis-specific methods, flow cytometry and caspase-dependent cleavage of cytokeratin 18. Expression in MyoFbs of proliferative cell nuclear antigen even in the absence of serum confirms that these MyoFbs perform repair of DNA damages. These results suggest that TGF-beta1-activated MyoFbs can be growth-arrested by two checkpoints, the G1/S checkpoint, which prevents cells from entering S-phase and the intra-S checkpoint, which is activated by encountering DNA damage during the S phase or by unrepaired damage that escapes the G1/S checkpoint. Despite carrying of the DNA damages TGF-beta1-activated MyoFbs are highly functional cells producing lysyl oxidase and contracting the collagen matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Petrov
- Department of Heart Diseases, University of Leuven (KULeuven), Leuven, Belgium.
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24
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Kim YO, Cho YK, Song ES, Han DK, Choi IS, Baek HJ, Kim CJ, Woo YJ, Choi YY. The clinical phenotype of the derivative (8)t(7;8)(q22;p23.3) in two siblings. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2008. [DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2008.51.11.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Ok Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Kuk Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - En Song Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ic Sun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hee Jo Baek
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chan Jong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Jong Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Youn Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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25
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Dempsey MA, Schwartz S, Waggoner DJ. Mosaicism del(22)(q11.2q11.2)/dup(22)(q11.2q11.2) in a patient with features of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:1082-6. [PMID: 17431914 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The chromosome 22q11 region is prone to rearrangements, including deletions and duplications, due to the presence of multiple low copy repeats (LCRs). DiGeorge/velo-cardio-facial syndrome is the most common microdeletion syndrome with more than 90% of patients having a common 3-Mb deletion of 22q11.2 secondary to non-homologous recombination of flanking LCRs. Meiotic reciprocal events caused by LCR-mediated rearrangement should theoretically lead to an equal number of deletions and duplications. Duplications of this region, however, have been infrequently reported and vary in size from 3 to 6 Mb. This discrepancy may be explained by the difficulty in detecting the duplication and the variable, sometimes quite mild phenotype. This newly described 22q duplication syndrome is characterized by palatal defects, cognitive deficits, minor ear anomalies, and characteristic facial features. We report on a male with truncus arteriosus and an interrupted aortic arch, immunodeficiency, and hypocalcemia. The patient is mosaic for two abnormal cell lines: a deletion [del(22)(q11.2q11.2)] found in 11 cells and a duplication [dup(22)(q11.2q11.2)] found in 9 cells. Molecular cytogenetic analysis in our patient revealed a 1.5 Mb deletion/duplication, the first duplication reported of this size. Deletion/duplication mosaicism, which is rare, has been reported in a number of cases involving many different chromosome segments. We present the clinical phenotype of our patient in comparison to the phenotypes seen in patients with the 22q11.2 deletion or duplication alone. We propose that this rearrangement arose by a mitotic event involving unequal crossover in an early mitotic division facilitated by LCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Dempsey
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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26
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Giorda R, Ciccone R, Gimelli G, Pramparo T, Beri S, Bonaglia MC, Giglio S, Genuardi M, Argente J, Rocchi M, Zuffardi O. Two classes of low-copy repeats comediate a new recurrent rearrangement consisting of duplication at 8p23.1 and triplication at 8p23.2. Hum Mutat 2007; 28:459-68. [PMID: 17262805 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new type of rearrangement consisting of the duplication of 8p23.1 and the triplication of 8p23.2 [dup trp(8p)] in two patients affected by mental retardation and minor facial dysmorphisms. Array-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and genotyping of polymorphic loci allowed us to demonstrate that this rearrangement is mediated by the combined effects of two unrelated low-copy repeats (LCRs). The first set of LCRs consists of the two clusters of olfactory receptor genes (OR-REPs) lying at 8p23.1. The second type of LCRs consists of a 15-kb segmental duplication, lying in inverted orientation at 8p23.2 and enclosing a nonrepeated sequence of approximately 130 kb, named MYOM2-REP because of its proximity to the MYOM2 gene. The molecular characterization of a third case with a dicentric chromosome 8 demonstrated that the rearrangement had been generated by nonallelic homologous recombination between the two MYOM2-REPs. Based on our findings, we propose a model showing that a second recombination event at the level of the OR-REPs leads to the formation of the dup trp(8p) chromosome. This rearrangement can only arise during meiosis in heterozygous carriers of the polymorphic 8p23.1 inversion, whereas in subjects with noninverted chromosomes 8 or homozygous for the inversion only the dicentric chromosome can be formed. Our study demonstrates that nonallelic homologous recombination involving multiple LCRs can generate more complex rearrangements and cause a greater variety of genomic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Giorda
- E. Medea Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
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27
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Dupont C, Lebbar A, Teinturier C, Baverel F, Viot G, Le Tessier D, Le Bozec J, Cuisset L, Dupont JM. First reported case of intrachromosomal cryptic inv dup del Xp in a boy with developmental retardation. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:1236-43. [PMID: 17497716 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report here on a 6-year-old boy referred to the laboratory for karyotyping and SHOX microdeletion testing. The most significant clinical findings in this boy were small stature, Madelung deformity, facial dysmorphism, mild mental retardation and behavioral problems. R-, G- and RTBG-banding chromosome analysis showed a normal male karyotype. Fine molecular characterization, by FISH, of terminal Xp microdeletion revealed an associated partial duplication. Further refinement of the molecular analysis indicated an inverted duplication of the Xp22.31-Xp22.32 (13.7 Mb) region including the STS, VCX-A and KAL1 genes, associated with a terminal Xp deletion Xp22.33-Xpter (3.6 Mb) encompassing the SHOX and ARSE genes. Such rearrangements have been characterized for other chromosomal pairs, but this is the first reported male patient involving the short arm of the X chromosome. Molecular analysis of the maternal and patient's microsatellite markers showed interchromatid mispairing leading to non-allelic homologous recombination to be the most likely mechanism underlying this rearrangement. This case highlights the importance of clinically driven FISH investigations in order to uncover cryptic micro-rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Dupont
- AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Service Histologie Embryologie Cytogénétique, Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Unité INSERM U709, Paris, France.
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28
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Chabchoub E, Rodríguez L, Galán E, Mansilla E, Martínez-Fernandez ML, Martínez-Frías ML, Fryns JP, Vermeesch JR. Molecular characterisation of a mosaicism with a complex chromosome rearrangement: evidence for coincident chromosome healing by telomere capture and neo-telomere formation. J Med Genet 2006; 44:250-6. [PMID: 17172463 PMCID: PMC2598050 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2006.045476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broken chromosomes must acquire new telomeric "caps" to be structurally stable. Chromosome healing can be mediated either by telomerase through neo-telomere synthesis or by telomere capture. AIM To unravel the mechanism(s) generating complex chromosomal mosaicisms and healing broken chromosomes. METHODS G banding, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) and short tandem repeat analysis (STR) was performed on a girl presenting with mental retardation, facial dysmorphism, urogenital malformations and limb anomalies carrying a complex chromosomal mosaicism. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The karyotype showed a de novo chromosome rearrangement with two cell lines: one cell line with a deletion 9pter and one cell line carrying an inverted duplication 9p and a non-reciprocal translocation 5pter fragment. aCGH, FISH and STR analysis enabled the deduction of the most likely sequence of events generating this complex mosaic. During embryogenesis, a double-strand break occurred on the paternal chromosome 9. Following mitotic separation of both broken sister chromatids, one acquired a telomere vianeo-telomere formation, while the other generated a dicentric chromosome which underwent breakage during anaphase, giving rise to the del inv dup(9) that was subsequently healed by chromosome 5 telomere capture. CONCLUSION Broken chromosomes can coincidently be rescued by both telomere capture and neo-telomere synthesis.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/embryology
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Chromatids/genetics
- Chromatids/ultrastructure
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Disorders/embryology
- Chromosome Disorders/genetics
- Chromosome Inversion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/ultrastructure
- Female
- Gene Duplication
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infant, Newborn
- Intellectual Disability/embryology
- Intellectual Disability/genetics
- Karyotyping
- Male
- Microsatellite Repeats
- Mosaicism
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Telomere/physiology
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyes Chabchoub
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Ciccone R, Mattina T, Giorda R, Bonaglia MC, Rocchi M, Pramparo T, Zuffardi O. Inversion polymorphisms and non-contiguous terminal deletions: the cause and the (unpredicted) effect of our genome architecture. J Med Genet 2006; 43:e19. [PMID: 16648372 PMCID: PMC2564524 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2005.037671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular definition at the BAC level of an 8p dicentric chromosome and an 8p deleted chromosome is reported in a patient with two different cell lines. The dicentric, which differed from that generating the recurrent inv dup del(8p) for the location of its break point, originated during the paternal meiosis on the background of the classical 8p23.1 inversion polymorphism. The breakage of this dicentric gave rise to the 8p deleted chromosome which, as a result of the inversion, had two non-contiguous deletions. These findings confirm previous data on 1p distal deletions, showing that at least some of the deletions stem from the breakage of dicentric chromosomes. They suggest that non-contiguous deletions may be frequent among distal deletions. This type of rearrangement can easily be overlooked when two contiguous clones, one absent and the other present by FISH analysis, are taken as boundaries of the deletion break point; in this case only high resolution array-CGH will reveal their real frequency. The definition of such non-contiguous distal deletions is relevant for phenotype/karyotype correlations. There are historical examples of blunders caused by overlooking a second non-contiguous deletion. This paper shows how small scale structural variations, such as common polymorphic inversions, may cause complex rearrangements such as terminal deletions.
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30
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Michils G, Tejpar S, Thoelen R, van Cutsem E, Vermeesch JR, Fryns JP, Legius E, Matthijs G. Large deletions of the APC gene in 15% of mutation-negative patients with classical polyposis (FAP): a Belgian study. Hum Mutat 2006; 25:125-34. [PMID: 15643602 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations of the APC gene are responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Most of the mutations are protein truncating mutations and are spread over the coding region. Rare whole-gene deletions or exonic deletions have been described. From a series of 85 patients clinically diagnosed with FAP or attenuated FAP (AAPC) in our center, 30 (35%) were found to have truncating or missense mutations. We have now screened the remaining 55 patients for exonic deletions or duplications, first by semi-quantitative PCR and later by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Three whole-gene deletions and one exon 14 deletion were found (5% of patients). The whole-gene deletions were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, and the breakpoints of the exon 14 deletion could be determined using long range PCR. Further characterization of the whole gene deletions was performed using extragenic polymorphic markers and/or semi-quantitative PCR. We could demonstrate that the deletions do not encompass the MCC gene. Interestingly, the phenotype of the deletion patients was not different from that of patients with truncating mutations. The polyp numbers ranged from attenuated to profuse polyposis and the interfamilial variability of disease phenotype was as in other FAP families. In none of the 28 AAPC patients included in this study, was a large deletion found, while 15% of the patients with classical polyposis had a genomic deletion. It corroborates recently published data, suggesting that large deletions may occur with a frequency higher than 10% in mutation-negative patients with a classical polyposis. In this article, we have included an overview of genomic rearrangements in the 5q21 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Michils
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Van Buggenhout G, Van Ravenswaaij-Arts C, Mc Maas N, Thoelen R, Vogels A, Smeets D, Salden I, Matthijs G, Fryns JP, Vermeesch JR. The del(2)(q32.2q33) deletion syndrome defined by clinical and molecular characterization of four patients. Eur J Med Genet 2005; 48:276-89. [PMID: 16179223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report four patients with an interstitial deletion of chromosome 2q32-->2q33. They presented similar clinical findings including pre- and postnatal growth retardation, distinct facial dysmorphism, thin and sparse hair and fair built, micrognathia, cleft or high palate, relative macroglossia, dacrocystitis, persisting feeding difficulties, inguinal hernia and broad based gait. All were severely mentally retarded. Three patients had a specific behavioral phenotype with hyperactivity and motor restlessness, chaotic behavior, happy-personality but with periods of aggression and anxiety, sleeping problems and self-mutilation. (head-banging). Array CGH and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allowed us to delineate the deletion size and showed that the four patients share a 8.1 Mb minimal deleted region. Reviewing additional nine case reports of patients with similar deletions showed striking phenotypic similarities which enabled the delineation of the 2q32.2q33 syndrome. Deletion of 2q32 has been also associated with the wrinkly skin syndrome (WWS) and isolated cleft palate. Although the patients presented here shared many aspects of WWS, they did not had the wrinkly skin. All patients had a cleft or high palate, most likely as a result of hemizygosity for SATB2. A potential commonly deleted interval of the three patients with behavioral problems, excluding the deletion in the patient without behavioral problems, is at most 0.5 Mb in size harboring only two genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Van Buggenhout
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Heresraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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32
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Le Caignec C, Swillen A, Van Asche E, Fryns JP, Vermeesch JR. Interstitial 6q deletion: clinical and array CGH characterisation of a new patient. Eur J Med Genet 2005; 48:339-45. [PMID: 16179229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2005.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 04/11/2005] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on a patient with an interstitial 6q deletion presenting with moderate mental retardation, persisting hypotonia, facial dysmorphism, but no internal malformations. Standard cytogenetic analysis identified a de novo interstitial 6q deletion. Molecular karyotyping using a 1 Mb array estimated the size of the deletion at approximately 14 Mb encompassing band q16 of chromosome 6. This case report illustrates how the molecular delineation enables improved genotype-phenotype correlations of chromosomal abnormalities to be made and may improve medical care and genetic counselling in individuals with chromosomal imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Le Caignec
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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33
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Abstract
The finding, during the last decade, that several common, clinically delineated syndromes are caused by submicroscopic deletions or, more rarely, by duplications, has provided a powerful tool in the annotation of the human genome. Since most microdeletion/microduplication syndromes are defined by a common deleted/duplicated region, abnormal dosage of genes located within these regions can explain the phenotypic similarities among individuals with a specific syndrome. As such, they provide a unique resource towards the genetic dissection of complex phenotypes such as congenital heart defects, mental and growth retardation and abnormal behaviour. In addition, the study of phenotypic differences in individuals with the same microdeletion syndrome may also become a treasury for the identification of modifying factors for complex phenotypes. The molecular analysis of these chromosomal anomalies has led to a growing understanding of their mechanisms of origin. Novel tools to uncover additional submicroscopic chromosomal anomalies at a higher resolution and higher speed, as well as the novel tools at hand for deciphering the modifying factors and epistatic interactors, are 'on the doorstep' and will, besides their obvious diagnostic role, play a pivotal role in the genetic dissection of complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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34
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Vermeesch JR, Thoelen R, Fryns JP. A familial complex chromosome translocation resulting in duplication of 6p25. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 47:275-80. [PMID: 15337473 DOI: 10.1016/j.anngen.2004.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2003] [Accepted: 03/04/2004] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on a girl with psychomotor retardation, severe speech developmental delay and mild dysmorphic features. Molecular cytogenetic analysis showed that the patient was carrier of an insertion (6)(p22.5-->22.4) in chromosome 12. Analysis of the chromosomes of the mother revealed the presence of a complex chromosomal rearrangement. In addition to the insertion (6)(p22.5-->22.4) in chromosome 12 and a pericentric inversion in chromosome 12, the 6p subtelomeric region was absent in the mother. This is, to our knowledge, the smallest pure duplication of chromosome 6p as well as the smallest cryptic subtelomeric 6pter deletion thus far reported.
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MESH Headings
- Cells, Cultured/ultrastructure
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Disorders/genetics
- Chromosome Inversion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/ultrastructure
- Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/genetics
- Face/abnormalities
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infant
- Intellectual Disability/genetics
- Karyotyping
- Language Development Disorders/genetics
- Lymphocytes/ultrastructure
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
- Psychomotor Disorders/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
- Trisomy
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Vermeesch
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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35
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Pramparo T, Giglio S, Gregato G, de Gregori M, Patricelli MG, Ciccone R, Scappaticci S, Mannino G, Lombardi C, Pirola B, Giorda R, Rocchi M, Zuffardi O. Inverted duplications: how many of them are mosaic? Eur J Hum Genet 2004; 12:713-7. [PMID: 15266302 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The best-known situation indissolubly linked to mosaicism is the uniparental disomy where a trisomic or monosomic zygote develops at least one cell line with 46 chromosomes. The mosaicism normal/abnormal cell lines may remain confined to placenta or persist in the embryo. Here, we describe a second situation that might also be indissolubly linked to a mosaic condition or at least to a confined placental mosaicism. We analysed the case of a mosaicism del(8p)/inv dup(8p) found in prenatal diagnosis. We had already demonstrated that the first product of the abnormal meiotic recombination at the basis of the inv dup rearrangements is a dicentric chromosome. Its breakage leads to the formation of a deleted and an inv dup chromosome. Although we had previously assumed that the dicentric underwent a breakage at meiosis II so that the zygote inherited the inv dup chromosome, our findings and those of others indeed indicate that the dicentric may be inherited in the zygote and that it might persist as such in early postzygotic stages, then undergoing different breakages in different cells leading to different abnormal chromosomes, either deleted or duplicated. Selection versus the most viable cell line(s) results either in a confined placental mosaicism with the inv dup cell line as the only one present in the embryo or in children with both the deleted and the inv dup cell lines. Phenotype/karyotype relationships in inv dup rearrangements must also take into account the influence of the other abnormal cell line during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Pramparo
- Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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36
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Aksoylar S, Aydinok Y, Serdaroğlu E, Coker M, Ozdemir F, Ozkinay F. HDR (hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness, renal dysplasia) syndrome presenting with hypocalcemia-induced generalized psoriasis. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2004; 17:1031-4. [PMID: 15301053 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2004.17.7.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
HDR syndrome is a newly recognized very rare syndrome defined by the combination of hypoparathyroidism, renal dysplasia and sensorineural deafness. Haplo-insufficiency of the GATA3 gene is the underlying mechanism of the HDR syndrome. Here we report a 16 year-old girl with HDR syndrome who presented with generalized psoriasis, which is an unusual presentation. Skin lesions rapidly disappeared after replacement therapy with calcium. It is suggested that generalized psoriasis might have been induced by hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism associated with HDR syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Aksoylar
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey.
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37
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Van Buggenhout G, Maas NMC, Fryns JP, Vermeesch JR. A dysmorphic boy with 4qter deletion and 4q32.3-34.3 duplication: Clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular findings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 131:186-9. [PMID: 15523640 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An infant boy presented with trigonocephaly, mild craniofacial features, a small VSD, open ductus Botalli (ODB), bilateral hip dysplasia, psychomotor retardation, and hypotonia. The karyotype was 46,XY,del(4)(q34). Unexpectedly, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies revealed not only a deletion but also a duplication. The deletion extends from 4qter to 4q34.3 and the duplication from 4q32.3 to q34.3. This is the first description of a deletion inverted duplication 4q. Possible mechanisms we can envision by which this deletion/duplication arose could be a U-type exchange causing end-to-end fusion or a two step event with a paracentric inversion and subsequent cross-over in the inverted segment. This observation suggests that the karyotype of patients with a 4q deletion should be confirmed by molecular cytogenetics.
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38
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de Ravel TJL, Keymolen K, van Assche E, Wittevronghel I, Moerman P, Salden I, Matthijs G, Fryns JP, Vermeesch JR. Post-zygotic origin of isochromosome 12p. Prenat Diagn 2004; 24:984-8. [PMID: 15614858 DOI: 10.1002/pd.956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advance knowledge about the mechanism of isochromosome formation. METHODS Echographic examination of the foetus. G- and/or T-banded chromosome and FISH analysis using chromosome 12p subtelomeric probes on short- and long-term CVS cultures, amniocytes and foetal fibroblasts. Polymorphic CA repeat analysis on DNA from the foetus and both parents. RESULTS Short-term CVS cultures showed a 46,XX karyotype, whilst long-term CVS cultures showed a 47,XX,+12 karyotype. FISH on amniocytes indicated 2, 3 and 4 signals. Foetal fibroblasts showed both 47,XX,+12 and 47,XX,+i(12)(p10) karyotypes. DNA analysis revealed the isochromosome to be paternal in origin, whilst the other two foetal chromosomes 12 were maternal, part iso- and part heterodisomy. CONCLUSION The cytogenetic and DNA constitution of the foetus indicated the isochromosome 12p to be of paternal origin, and implied post-zygotic formation of the isochromosome 12p in the Pallister-Killian syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomy J L de Ravel
- Centre for Human Genetics, UZ Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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