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Galetaki D, Szymczuk V, Shi M, Merchant N. Is endocrine surveillance important in the care of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? Results from a national survey to patients and families on endocrine complications. eNeurologicalSci 2024; 36:100513. [PMID: 38989274 PMCID: PMC11231648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2024.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are standard of care for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Although prolonged exposure is associated with multiple endocrine side effects, current guidelines related to monitoring and management of endocrinopathies are suboptimal. We aim to explore community perceptions of endocrine related complications in patients with DMD, assess current level of understanding, and desire for further education. A 31-item online survey was sent through Parent Project to Muscular Dystrophy (PPMD) to Duchenne Registry members to be completed by patients or their caretakers. Response rate was 55% (n = 75). Steroids were taken by 93%, but only 50% were followed by endocrinology and 21% report never been seen by endocrinology. Bone health was discussed with 87% of patients and 60% were diagnosed with osteoporosis. Delayed puberty was discussed with 41% of patients with 23% receiving testosterone therapy. About half the patients reported a diagnosis of slowed growth. Only 51% of the participants recalled discussing adrenal insufficiency. Obesity was discussed with 59% of participants. Families felt education about steroid-induced endocrinopathies to be very or extremely important and prefer to discuss about this at the beginning of their steroid therapy. This demonstrates significant gaps in education and access to endocrine care in patients with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Galetaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vivian Szymczuk
- Metabolic Bone Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melody Shi
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nadia Merchant
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, United States of America
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Czifrus E, Berlau DJ. Corticosteroids for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a safety review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39152782 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2024.2394578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness, caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. DMD has effects in early age with significantly shortened lifespan and deteriorated quality of life in the second decade, creating an urgent need to develop better therapeutic options. Corticosteroid medication therapy is an integral tool for the management of DMD and several therapeutic options have been recently approved for use. AREAS COVERED A comprehensive literature search was completed to examine efficacy and safety profiles of the three corticosteroid medications available for use in DMD patients. The review presents information about the three agents through clinical trials, significant preclinical trials, and comparative studies. EXPERT OPINION Managing DMD takes a multidisciplinary approach, although long-term corticosteroid therapy remains a significant therapeutic tool. Based on the available published studies, unequivocal comparison between the benefits of the three medications cannot yet be made. When selecting a medication for a patient, the decision-making process will most likely rely on the minor differences in the adverse effect profiles. Whichever medication is utilized will surely be a part of a larger regimen that includes other novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Czifrus
- Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel J Berlau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Regis University, Denver, CO
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Schiava M, Lofra RM, Bourke JP, James MK, Díaz-Manera J, Elseed MA, Michel-Sodhi J, Moat D, Mccallum M, Mayhew A, Ghimenton E, Díaz CFB, Malinova M, Wong K, Richardson M, Tasca G, Grover E, Robinson EJ, Tanner S, Eglon G, Behar L, Eagle M, Turner C, Verdú-Díaz J, Heslop E, Straub V, Bettolo CM, Guglieri M. Disease-associated comorbidities, medication records and anthropometric measures in adults with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2024; 41:8-19. [PMID: 38865917 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the comorbidities, associated factors, and the relationship between anthropometric measures and respiratory function and functional abilities in adults with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). This was a single-centre cross-sectional study in genetically diagnosed adults with DMD (>16 years old). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified factors associated with dysphagia, constipation, Body Mass Index (BMI), and weight. Regression analysis explored associations between BMI, weight, and respiratory/motor abilities. We included 112 individuals (23.4 ± 5.2 years old), glucocorticoid-treated 66.1 %. The comorbidities frequency was 61.6 % scoliosis (61.0 % of them had spinal surgery), 36.6 % dysphagia, 36.6 % constipation, and 27.8 % urinary conditions. The use of glucocorticoids delayed the time to spinal surgery. The univariate analysis revealed associations between dysphagia and constipation with age, lack of glucocorticoid treatment, and lower respiratory and motor function. In the multivariate analysis, impaired cough ability remained as the factor consistently linked to both conditions. Constipation associated with lower BMI and weight. BMI and weight positively correlated with respiratory parameters, but they did not associate with functional abilities. Glucocorticoids reduce the frequency of comorbidities in adults with DMD. The ability to cough can help identifying dysphagia and constipation. Lower BMI and weight in individuals with DMD with compromised respiratory function may suggest a higher calories requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Schiava
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert Muni Lofra
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John P Bourke
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Meredith K James
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Maha A Elseed
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jassi Michel-Sodhi
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dionne Moat
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michelle Mccallum
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anna Mayhew
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elisabetta Ghimenton
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carla Florencia Bolaño Díaz
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Monika Malinova
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karen Wong
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark Richardson
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Giorgio Tasca
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Grover
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma-Jayne Robinson
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephanie Tanner
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gail Eglon
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Behar
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Catherine Turner
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - José Verdú-Díaz
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Heslop
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Chiara Marini Bettolo
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michela Guglieri
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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Lionarons JM, Delespaul PAEG, Hellebrekers DMJ, Broen MPG, Klinkenberg S, Faber CG, Hendriksen JGM, Vles JSH. Use of the experience sampling method in adolescents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a feasibility study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2281-2290. [PMID: 37914846 PMCID: PMC11255059 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Experience sampling methods (ESM) using mobile health (mHealth) technology with a smartphone application are increasingly used in clinical practice and research. Still, recommendations are limited in young people, and adaptations may be necessary. Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are chronically treated with steroids from a young age. However, the impact of intermittent treatment schedules on fluctuations in somatic, cognitive and behavioural symptoms is poorly investigated. Existing studies are often cross-sectional and occur in controlled clinical settings, which do not provide sufficiently detailed insights into possible correlations. ESM might alleviate these problems. ESM innovates data collection with a smartphone application, which repeatedly assesses specific symptoms and contextual factors at random moments in daily life. We aimed to evaluate its feasibility in adolescents with DMD. In three (without/with/without steroids) 4-day periods of ESM, that were nested in 10/10 or 11/9 day on/off-medication periods, we evaluated its user-friendliness and compliance, and explored its ability to objectify fluctuations in somatic, cognitive and behavioural symptom severity and their relationship with contextual factors in seven DMD patients (age range 12-18 years) using intermittent corticosteroid treatment (dosage range 0.3-0.6 mg/kg/day). Patients reported that ESM was convenient and user-friendly. We were able to capture extensive intra-individual symptom fluctuations during intermittent corticosteroid treatment that were not revealed by routine clinical assessment. Implementing ESM to evaluate symptom fluctuation patterns in relation to treatment effects shows promise in adolescents with DMD. Optimization in further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Lionarons
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Center for Neurological Learning Disabilities, Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Philippe A E G Delespaul
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Mondriaan Mental Health Trust, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Danique M J Hellebrekers
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurological Learning Disabilities, Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martinus P G Broen
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Klinkenberg
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina G Faber
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos G M Hendriksen
- Center for Neurological Learning Disabilities, Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
- Duchenne Centre Netherlands, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan S H Vles
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Trucco F, Davies M, Zambon AA, Ridout D, Abel F, Muntoni F. Definition of diaphragmatic sleep disordered breathing and clinical meaning in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Thorax 2024; 79:652-661. [PMID: 38729626 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-220729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diaphragmatic sleep disordered breathing (dSDB) has been recently identified as sleep dysfunction secondary to diaphragmatic weakness in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, scoring criteria for the identification of dSDB are missing.This study aimed to define and validate dSDB scoring criteria and to evaluate whether dSDB severity correlates with respiratory progression in DMD. METHODS Scoring criteria for diaphragmatic apnoea (dA) and hypopnoeas (dH) have been defined by the authors considering the pattern observed on cardiorespiratory polygraphy (CR) and the dSDB pathophysiology.10 sleep professionals (physiologists, consultants) blinded to each other were involved in a two-round Delphi survey to rate each item of the proposed dSDB criteria (Likert scale 1-5) and to recognise dSDB among other SDB. The scorers' accuracy was tested against the authors' panel.Finally, CR previously conducted in DMD in clinical setting were rescored and diaphragmatic Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index (dAHI) was derived. Pulmonary function (forced vital capacity per cent of predicted, FVC%pred), overnight oxygen saturation (SpO2) and transcutaneous carbon dioxide (tcCO2) were correlated with dAHI. RESULTS After the second round of Delphi, raters deemed each item of dA and dH criteria as relevant as 4 or 5. The agreement with the panel in recognising dSDB was 81%, kappa 0.71, sensitivity 77% and specificity 85%.32 CRs from DMD patients were reviewed. dSDB was previously scored as obstructive. The dAHI negatively correlated with FVC%pred (r=-0.4; p<0.05). The total number of dA correlated with mean overnight tcCO2 (r 0.4; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS dSDB is a newly defined sleep disorder that correlates with DMD progression. A prospective study to evaluate dSDB as a respiratory measure for DMD in clinical and research settings is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Trucco
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
- Paediatric Respiratory Department, Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Trust, London, UK
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Matthew Davies
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Alberto Andrea Zambon
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
- Neuromuscular Repair Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Ridout
- Population Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Francois Abel
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Schiava M, Lofra RM, Bourke JP, Díaz‐Manera J, James MK, Elseed MA, Malinova M, Michel‐Sodhi J, Moat D, Ghimenton E, Mccallum M, Díaz CFB, Mayhew A, Wong K, Richardson M, Tasca G, Eglon G, Eagle M, Turner C, Heslop E, Straub V, Bettolo CM, Guglieri M. Functional abilities, respiratory and cardiac function in a large cohort of adults with Duchenne muscular dystrophy treated with glucocorticoids. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16267. [PMID: 38556893 PMCID: PMC11236054 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The transition to adult services, and subsequent glucocorticoid management, is critical in adults with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This study aims (1) to describe treatment, functional abilities, respiratory and cardiac status during transition to adulthood and adult stages; and (2) to explore the association between glucocorticoid treatment after loss of ambulation (LOA) and late-stage clinical outcomes. METHODS This was a retrospective single-centre study on individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (≥16 years old) between 1986 and 2022. Logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards models and survival analyses were conducted utilizing data from clinical records. RESULTS In all, 112 individuals were included. Mean age was 23.4 ± 5.2 years and mean follow-up was 18.5 ± 5.5 years. At last assessment, 47.2% were on glucocorticoids; the mean dose of prednisone was 0.38 ± 0.13 mg/kg/day and of deflazacort 0.43 ± 0.16 mg/kg/day. At age 16 years, motor function limitations included using a manual wheelchair (89.7%), standing (87.9%), transferring from a wheelchair (86.2%) and turning in bed (53.4%); 77.5% had a peak cough flow <270 L/min, 53.3% a forced vital capacity percentage of predicted <50% and 40.3% a left ventricular ejection fraction <50%. Glucocorticoids after LOA reduced the risk and delayed the time to difficulties balancing in the wheelchair, loss of hand to mouth function, forced vital capacity percentage of predicted <30% and forced vital capacity <1 L and were associated with lower frequency of left ventricular ejection fraction <50%, without differences between prednisone and deflazacort. Glucocorticoid dose did not differ by functional, respiratory or cardiac status. CONCLUSION Glucocorticoids after LOA preserve late-stage functional abilities, respiratory and cardiac function. It is suggested using functional abilities, respiratory and cardiac status at transition stages for adult services planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Schiava
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Robert Muni Lofra
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - John P. Bourke
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Jordi Díaz‐Manera
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Meredith K. James
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Maha A. Elseed
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Monika Malinova
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Jassi Michel‐Sodhi
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Dionne Moat
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Elisabetta Ghimenton
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Michelle Mccallum
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Carla Florencia Bolaño Díaz
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Anna Mayhew
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Karen Wong
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Mark Richardson
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Giorgio Tasca
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Gail Eglon
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | | | - Cathy Turner
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Emma Heslop
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Volker Straub
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Chiara Marini Bettolo
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Michela Guglieri
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustsNewcastle Upon TyneUK
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Escobar-Huertas JF, Vaca-González JJ, Guevara JM, Ramirez-Martinez AM, Trabelsi O, Garzón-Alvarado DA. Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy: Cellular mechanisms, image analysis, and computational models: A review. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024; 81:269-286. [PMID: 38224155 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The muscle is the principal tissue that is capable to transform potential energy into kinetic energy. This process is due to the transformation of chemical energy into mechanical energy to enhance the movements and all the daily activities. However, muscular tissues can be affected by some pathologies associated with genetic alterations that affect the expression of proteins. As the muscle is a highly organized structure in which most of the signaling pathways and proteins are related to one another, pathologies may overlap. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most severe muscle pathologies triggering degeneration and muscle necrosis. Several mathematical models have been developed to predict muscle response to different scenarios and pathologies. The aim of this review is to describe DMD and Becker muscular dystrophy in terms of cellular behavior and molecular disorders and to present an overview of the computational models implemented to understand muscle behavior with the aim of improving regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Escobar-Huertas
- Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Juan Jairo Vaca-González
- Escuela de pregrado, Dirección Académica, Vicerrectoría de Sede, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede la Paz, Cesar, Colombia
| | - Johana María Guevara
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Olfa Trabelsi
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - D A Garzón-Alvarado
- Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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8
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Schiava M, McDermott MP, Broomfield J, Abrams KR, Mayhew AG, McDonald CM, Martens WB, Gregory SJ, Griggs RC, Guglieri M. Factors Associated With Early Motor Function Trajectories in DMD After Glucocorticoid Initiation: Post Hoc Analysis of the FOR-DMD Trial. Neurology 2024; 102:e209206. [PMID: 38710006 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Clinical trials in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) require 3-6 months of stable glucocorticoids, and the primary outcome is explored at 48-52 weeks. The factors that influence the clinical outcome assessment (COA) trajectories soon after glucocorticoid initiation are relevant for the design and analysis of clinical trials of novel drugs. We describe early COA trajectories, associated factors, and the time from glucocorticoid initiation to COA peak. METHODS This was a prospective 18-month analysis of the Finding the Optimum Corticosteroid Regimen for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy study. Four COAs were investigated: rise from supine velocity (RFV), 10-meter walk/run velocity (10MWRV), North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) total score, and 6-minute walk test distance (6MWT). The relationships of baseline age (4-5 vs 6-7 years), COA baseline performance, genotype, and glucocorticoid regimen (daily vs intermittent) with the COA trajectories were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS One hundred ninety-six glucocorticoid-naïve boys with DMD aged 4-7 years were enrolled. The mean age at baseline was 5.9 ± 1.0 years, 66% (n = 130) were on daily regimens, 55% (n = 107) showed a 6MWT distance >330 metres; 41% (n = 78) showed RFV >0.2 rise/s; 76% (n = 149) showed 10MWRV >0.142 10m/s, and 41.0% (n = 79) showed NSAA total score >22 points. Mean COA trajectories differed by age at glucocorticoid initiation (p < 0.01 for RFV, 10MWRV, and NSAA; p < 0.05 for 6MWT) and regimen (p < 0.01 for RFV, 10MWRV, and NSAA). Boys younger than 6 years reached their peak performance 12-18 months after glucocorticoid initiation. Boys aged 6 years or older on a daily regimen peaked between months 9 and 12 and those on an intermittent regimen by 9 months. The baseline COA performance was associated with the NSAA (p < 0.01) and the 6MWT trajectory in boys younger than 6 years on a daily regimen (p < 0.01). Differences in the mean trajectories by genotype were not significant. DISCUSSION Glucocorticoid regimen, age, duration of glucocorticoid exposure, and baseline COA performance need to be considered in the design and analysis of clinical trials in young boys with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Schiava
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M.S., A.G.M., M.G.), Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, United Kingdom; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (M.P.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY; Department of Health Sciences (J.B., K.R.A.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.M.M.), University of California, Davis, Sacramento; and Department of Neurology (W.B.M., S.J.G., R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY
| | - Michael P McDermott
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M.S., A.G.M., M.G.), Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, United Kingdom; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (M.P.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY; Department of Health Sciences (J.B., K.R.A.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.M.M.), University of California, Davis, Sacramento; and Department of Neurology (W.B.M., S.J.G., R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY
| | - Jonathan Broomfield
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M.S., A.G.M., M.G.), Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, United Kingdom; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (M.P.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY; Department of Health Sciences (J.B., K.R.A.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.M.M.), University of California, Davis, Sacramento; and Department of Neurology (W.B.M., S.J.G., R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY
| | - Keith R Abrams
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M.S., A.G.M., M.G.), Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, United Kingdom; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (M.P.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY; Department of Health Sciences (J.B., K.R.A.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.M.M.), University of California, Davis, Sacramento; and Department of Neurology (W.B.M., S.J.G., R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY
| | - Anna G Mayhew
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M.S., A.G.M., M.G.), Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, United Kingdom; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (M.P.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY; Department of Health Sciences (J.B., K.R.A.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.M.M.), University of California, Davis, Sacramento; and Department of Neurology (W.B.M., S.J.G., R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY
| | - Craig M McDonald
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M.S., A.G.M., M.G.), Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, United Kingdom; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (M.P.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY; Department of Health Sciences (J.B., K.R.A.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.M.M.), University of California, Davis, Sacramento; and Department of Neurology (W.B.M., S.J.G., R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY
| | - William B Martens
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M.S., A.G.M., M.G.), Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, United Kingdom; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (M.P.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY; Department of Health Sciences (J.B., K.R.A.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.M.M.), University of California, Davis, Sacramento; and Department of Neurology (W.B.M., S.J.G., R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY
| | - Stephanie J Gregory
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M.S., A.G.M., M.G.), Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, United Kingdom; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (M.P.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY; Department of Health Sciences (J.B., K.R.A.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.M.M.), University of California, Davis, Sacramento; and Department of Neurology (W.B.M., S.J.G., R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY
| | - Robert C Griggs
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M.S., A.G.M., M.G.), Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, United Kingdom; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (M.P.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY; Department of Health Sciences (J.B., K.R.A.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.M.M.), University of California, Davis, Sacramento; and Department of Neurology (W.B.M., S.J.G., R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY
| | - Michela Guglieri
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M.S., A.G.M., M.G.), Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, United Kingdom; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (M.P.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY; Department of Health Sciences (J.B., K.R.A.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.M.M.), University of California, Davis, Sacramento; and Department of Neurology (W.B.M., S.J.G., R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY
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9
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Deng J, Liu F, Feng Z, Liu Z. Population longitudinal analysis of Gait Profile Score and North Star Ambulatory Assessment in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2024; 13:891-903. [PMID: 38539027 PMCID: PMC11098163 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder characterized by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin. These mutations lead to progressive functional deterioration including muscle weakness, respiratory insufficiency, and musculoskeletal deformities. Three-dimensional gait analysis (3DGA) has been used as a tool to analyze gait pathology through the quantification of altered joint kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity patterns. Among 3DGA indices, the Gait Profile Score (GPS), has been used as a sensitive overall measure to detect clinically relevant changes in gait patterns in children with DMD. To enhance our understanding of the clinical translation of 3DGA, we report here the development of a population nonlinear mixed-effect model that jointly describes the disease progression of the 3DGA index, GPS, and the functional endpoint, North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA). The final model consists of a quadratic structure for GPS progression and a linear structure for GPS-NSAA correlation. Our model was able to capture the improvement in function in GPS and NSAA in younger subjects, as well as the decline of function in older subjects. Furthermore, the model predicted NSAA (CFB) at 1 year reasonably well for DMD subjects ≤7 years old at baseline. The model tended to slightly underpredict the decline in NSAA after 1 year for those >7 years old at baseline, but the prediction summary statistics were well maintained within the standard deviation of observed data. Quantitative models such as this may help answer clinically relevant questions to facilitate the development of novel therapies in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexin Deng
- School of Nursing and HealthHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Fangli Liu
- School of Nursing and HealthHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Zhifen Feng
- School of Nursing and HealthHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of OrthopedicsFirst Affiliated Hospital of Henan UniversityKaifengChina
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10
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Zambon AA, Falzone YM, Bolino A, Previtali SC. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for neuromuscular diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:198. [PMID: 38678519 PMCID: PMC11056344 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Neuromuscular diseases encompass a heterogeneous array of disorders characterized by varying onset ages, clinical presentations, severity, and progression. While these conditions can stem from acquired or inherited causes, this review specifically focuses on disorders arising from genetic abnormalities, excluding metabolic conditions. The pathogenic defect may primarily affect the anterior horn cells, the axonal or myelin component of peripheral nerves, the neuromuscular junction, or skeletal and/or cardiac muscles. While inherited neuromuscular disorders have been historically deemed not treatable, the advent of gene-based and molecular therapies is reshaping the treatment landscape for this group of condition. With the caveat that many products still fail to translate the positive results obtained in pre-clinical models to humans, both the technological development (e.g., implementation of tissue-specific vectors) as well as advances on the knowledge of pathogenetic mechanisms form a collective foundation for potentially curative approaches to these debilitating conditions. This review delineates the current panorama of therapies targeting the most prevalent forms of inherited neuromuscular diseases, emphasizing approved treatments and those already undergoing human testing, offering insights into the state-of-the-art interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Andrea Zambon
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Institute for Experimental Neurology, Inspe, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Yuri Matteo Falzone
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Institute for Experimental Neurology, Inspe, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bolino
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Institute for Experimental Neurology, Inspe, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Carlo Previtali
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Institute for Experimental Neurology, Inspe, Milan, Italy.
- Neurology Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Bhattacharyya O, Campoamor NB, Armstrong N, Freed M, Schrader R, Crossnohere NL, Bridges JFP. Assessing the Benefits and Harms Associated with Early Diagnosis from the Perspective of Parents with Multiple Children Diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Neonatal Screen 2024; 10:32. [PMID: 38651397 PMCID: PMC11036293 DOI: 10.3390/ijns10020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare neuromuscular disorder diagnosed in childhood. Limited newborn screening in the US often delays diagnosis. With multiple FDA-approved therapies, early diagnosis is crucial for timely treatment but may entail other benefits and harms. Using a community-based survey, we explored how parents of siblings with DMD perceived early diagnosis of one child due to a prior child's diagnosis. We assessed parents' viewpoints across domains including diagnostic journey, treatment initiatives, service access, preparedness, parenting, emotional impact, and caregiving experience. We analyzed closed-ended responses on a -1.0 to +1.0 scale to measure the degree of harm or benefit parents perceived and analyzed open-ended responses thematically. A total of 45 parents completed the survey, with an average age of 43.5 years and 20.0% identifying as non-white. Younger siblings were diagnosed 2 years earlier on average (p < 0.001). Overall, parents viewed early diagnosis positively (mean: 0.39), particularly regarding school preparedness (+0.79), support services (+0.78), treatment evaluation (+0.68), and avoiding diagnostic odyssey (+0.67). Increased worry was a common downside (-0.40). Open-ended responses highlighted improved outlook and health management alongside heightened emotional distress and treatment burdens. These findings address gaps in the evidence by documenting the effectiveness of early screening and diagnosis of DMD using sibling data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oindrila Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (O.B.); (N.B.C.); (J.F.P.B.)
| | - Nicola B. Campoamor
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (O.B.); (N.B.C.); (J.F.P.B.)
| | - Niki Armstrong
- Foundation for Angelman Syndrome Therapeutics, Austin, TX 78704, USA;
| | - Megan Freed
- Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Washington, DC 20005, USA; (M.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Rachel Schrader
- Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Washington, DC 20005, USA; (M.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Norah L. Crossnohere
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43202, USA
| | - John F. P. Bridges
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (O.B.); (N.B.C.); (J.F.P.B.)
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12
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Elasbali AM, Al-Soud WA, Anwar S, Alhassan HH, Adnan M, Hassan MI. A review on mechanistic insights into structure and function of dystrophin protein in pathophysiology and therapeutic targeting of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130544. [PMID: 38428778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder characterized by progressive and severe muscle weakening and degeneration. Among the various forms of muscular dystrophy, it stands out as one of the most common and impactful, predominantly affecting boys. The condition arises due to mutations in the dystrophin gene, a key player in maintaining the structure and function of muscle fibers. The manuscript explores the structural features of dystrophin protein and their pivotal roles in DMD. We present an in-depth analysis of promising therapeutic approaches targeting dystrophin and their implications for the therapeutic management of DMD. Several therapies aiming to restore dystrophin protein or address secondary pathology have obtained regulatory approval, and many others are ongoing clinical development. Notably, recent advancements in genetic approaches have demonstrated the potential to restore partially functional dystrophin forms. The review also provides a comprehensive overview of the status of clinical trials for major therapeutic genetic approaches for DMD. In addition, we have summarized the ongoing therapeutic approaches and advanced mechanisms of action for dystrophin restoration and the challenges associated with DMD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Abu Al-Soud
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Sciences-Sakaka, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; Molekylärbiologi, Klinisk Mikrobiologi och vårdhygien, Region Skåne, Sölvegatan 23B, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Saleha Anwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Hassan H Alhassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Sciences-Sakaka, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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13
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Casati SR, Cervia D, Roux-Biejat P, Moscheni C, Perrotta C, De Palma C. Mitochondria and Reactive Oxygen Species: The Therapeutic Balance of Powers for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Cells 2024; 13:574. [PMID: 38607013 PMCID: PMC11011272 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic progressive muscle-wasting disorder that leads to rapid loss of mobility and premature death. The absence of functional dystrophin in DMD patients reduces sarcolemma stiffness and increases contraction damage, triggering a cascade of events leading to muscle cell degeneration, chronic inflammation, and deposition of fibrotic and adipose tissue. Efforts in the last decade have led to the clinical approval of novel drugs for DMD that aim to restore dystrophin function. However, combination therapies able to restore dystrophin expression and target the myriad of cellular events found impaired in dystrophic muscle are desirable. Muscles are higher energy consumers susceptible to mitochondrial defects. Mitochondria generate a significant source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and they are, in turn, sensitive to proper redox balance. In both DMD patients and animal models there is compelling evidence that mitochondrial impairments have a key role in the failure of energy homeostasis. Here, we highlighted the main aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in DMD and discussed the recent findings linked to mitochondria/ROS-targeted molecules as a therapeutic approach. In this respect, dual targeting of both mitochondria and redox homeostasis emerges as a potential clinical option in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rosanna Casati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (S.R.C.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Paulina Roux-Biejat
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (C.M.)
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (S.R.C.); (C.D.P.)
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14
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Xu F, Zheng C, Xu W, Zhang S, Liu S, Chen X, Yao K. Breaking genetic shackles: The advance of base editing in genetic disorder treatment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364135. [PMID: 38510648 PMCID: PMC10953296 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid evolution of gene editing technology has markedly improved the outlook for treating genetic diseases. Base editing, recognized as an exceptionally precise genetic modification tool, is emerging as a focus in the realm of genetic disease therapy. We provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles and delivery methods of cytosine base editors (CBE), adenine base editors (ABE), and RNA base editors, with a particular focus on their applications and recent research advances in the treatment of genetic diseases. We have also explored the potential challenges faced by base editing technology in treatment, including aspects such as targeting specificity, safety, and efficacy, and have enumerated a series of possible solutions to propel the clinical translation of base editing technology. In conclusion, this article not only underscores the present state of base editing technology but also envisions its tremendous potential in the future, providing a novel perspective on the treatment of genetic diseases. It underscores the vast potential of base editing technology in the realm of genetic medicine, providing support for the progression of gene medicine and the development of innovative approaches to genetic disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Caiyan Zheng
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihui Xu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Hoolachan JM, McCallion E, Sutton ER, Çetin Ö, Pacheco-Torres P, Dimitriadi M, Sari S, Miller GJ, Okoh M, Walter LM, Claus P, Wood MJA, Tonge DP, Bowerman M. A transcriptomics-based drug repositioning approach to identify drugs with similar activities for the treatment of muscle pathologies in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) models. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:400-425. [PMID: 37947217 PMCID: PMC10877467 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic neuromuscular disorder caused by the reduction of survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein levels. Although three SMN-augmentation therapies are clinically approved that significantly slow down disease progression, they are unfortunately not cures. Thus, complementary SMN-independent therapies that can target key SMA pathologies and that can support the clinically approved SMN-dependent drugs are the forefront of therapeutic development. We have previously demonstrated that prednisolone, a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) improved muscle health and survival in severe Smn-/-;SMN2 and intermediate Smn2B/- SMA mice. However, long-term administration of prednisolone can promote myopathy. We thus wanted to identify genes and pathways targeted by prednisolone in skeletal muscle to discover clinically approved drugs that are predicted to emulate prednisolone's activities. Using an RNA-sequencing, bioinformatics, and drug repositioning pipeline on skeletal muscle from symptomatic prednisolone-treated and untreated Smn-/-; SMN2 SMA and Smn+/-; SMN2 healthy mice, we identified molecular targets linked to prednisolone's ameliorative effects and a list of 580 drug candidates with similar predicted activities. Two of these candidates, metformin and oxandrolone, were further investigated in SMA cellular and animal models, which highlighted that these compounds do not have the same ameliorative effects on SMA phenotypes as prednisolone; however, a number of other important drug targets remain. Overall, our work further supports the usefulness of prednisolone's potential as a second-generation therapy for SMA, identifies a list of potential SMA drug treatments and highlights improvements for future transcriptomic-based drug repositioning studies in SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Hoolachan
- School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Eve McCallion
- School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Emma R Sutton
- School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Özge Çetin
- School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Paloma Pacheco-Torres
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL910 9AB, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Dimitriadi
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL910 9AB, United Kingdom
| | - Suat Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Lennard-Jones Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Lennard-Jones Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus Okoh
- School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa M Walter
- SMATHERIA gGmbH – Non-Profit Biomedical Research Institute, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover Medical School, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- SMATHERIA gGmbH – Non-Profit Biomedical Research Institute, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover Medical School, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Level 2, Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe, Headington Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel P Tonge
- School of Life Sciences, Huxley Building, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Bowerman
- School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, United Kingdom
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16
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Stimpson G, Ridout D, Wolfe A, Milev E, O’Reilly E, Manzur A, Sarkozy A, Muntoni F, Cole TJ, Baranello G. Quantifying Variability in Motor Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: UK Centiles for the NorthStar Ambulatory Assessment, 10 m Walk Run Velocity and Rise from Floor Velocity in GC Treated Boys. J Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 11:153-166. [PMID: 37980680 PMCID: PMC10789350 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) display heterogeneous motor function trajectory in clinics, which represents a significant obstacle to monitoring. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we present the UK centiles for the North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA), the 10 m walk/run time (10MWR) and velocity (10MWRV), and the rise from floor time (RFF) and velocity (RFFV) created from a cohort of glucocorticoid treated DMD boys between the age of 5 and 16 years. METHODS Participants were included from the UK NorthStar registry if they had initiated steroids (primarily deflazacorts/prednisolone, intermittent/daily) and were not enrolled in an interventional trial. Assessments were included if the participant had a complete NSAA, the timed tests had been completed or the corresponding items were 0, or the participant was recorded as non-ambulant, in which case the NSAA was assumed 0. RESULTS We analysed 3987 assessments of the NSAA collected from 826 participants. Of these, 1080, 1849 and 1199 were imputed as 0 for the NSAA, RFFV and 10MWRV respectively. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th centiles were presented. The NSAA centiles showed a peak score of 14, 20, 26, 30 and 32 respectively, with loss of ambulation at 10.7, 12.2 and 14.3 years for the 25th, 50th and 75th centiles, respectively. The centiles showed loss of rise from floor at 8.6, 10.1 and 11.9 years and a loss of 10MWR of 0 at 8.9, 10.3 and 13.8 years for the 25th, 50th and 75th centiles, respectively. The centiles were pairwise less correlated than the raw scores, suggesting an increased ability to detect variability in the DMD cohort. CONCLUSIONS The NSAA, 10MWR and RFF centiles may provide insights for clinical monitoring of DMD boys, particularly in late ambulatory participants who are uniformly declining. Future work will validate the centiles in national and international natural history cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Stimpson
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Deborah Ridout
- Population, Policy & Practice Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Amy Wolfe
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Evelin Milev
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Emer O’Reilly
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Adnan Manzur
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Anna Sarkozy
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Tim J. Cole
- Population, Policy & Practice Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Baranello
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - on behalf of the NorthStar Network
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Population, Policy & Practice Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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McDonald C, Camino E, Escandon R, Finkel RS, Fischer R, Flanigan K, Furlong P, Juhasz R, Martin AS, Villa C, Sweeney HL. Draft Guidance for Industry Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Becker Muscular Dystrophy, and Related Dystrophinopathies - Developing Potential Treatments for the Entire Spectrum of Disease. J Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 11:499-523. [PMID: 38363616 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and related dystrophinopathies are neuromuscular conditions with great unmet medical needs that require the development of effective medical treatments. Objective To aid sponsors in clinical development of drugs and therapeutic biological products for treating DMD across the disease spectrum by integrating advancements, patient registries, natural history studies, and more into a comprehensive guidance. Methods This guidance emerged from collaboration between the FDA, the Duchenne community, and industry stakeholders. It entailed a structured approach, involving multiple committees and boards. From its inception in 2014, the guidance underwent revisions incorporating insights from gene therapy studies, cardiac function research, and innovative clinical trial designs. Results The guidance provides a deeper understanding of DMD and its variants, focusing on patient engagement, diagnostic criteria, natural history, biomarkers, and clinical trials. It underscores patient-focused drug development, the significance of dystrophin as a biomarker, and the pivotal role of magnetic resonance imaging in assessing disease progression. Additionally, the guidance addresses cardiomyopathy's prominence in DMD and the burgeoning field of gene therapy. Conclusions The updated guidance offers a comprehensive understanding of DMD, emphasizing patient-centric approaches, innovative trial designs, and the importance of biomarkers. The focus on cardiomyopathy and gene therapy signifies the evolving realm of DMD research. It acts as a crucial roadmap for sponsors, potentially leading to improved treatments for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Camino
- Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rafael Escandon
- DGBI Consulting, LLC, Bainbridge Island, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Ryan Fischer
- Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kevin Flanigan
- Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pat Furlong
- Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rose Juhasz
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ann S Martin
- Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chet Villa
- Trinity Health Michigan, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - H Lee Sweeney
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center within the UC Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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18
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Mackels L, Servais L. The Importance of Early Treatment of Inherited Neuromuscular Conditions. J Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 11:253-274. [PMID: 38306060 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
There has been tremendous progress in treatment of neuromuscular diseases over the last 20 years, which has transformed the natural history of these severely debilitating conditions. Although the factors that determine the response to therapy are many and in some instance remain to be fully elucidated, early treatment clearly has a major impact on patient outcomes across a number of inherited neuromuscular conditions. To improve patient care and outcomes, clinicians should be aware of neuromuscular conditions that require prompt treatment initiation. This review describes data that underscore the importance of early treatment of children with inherited neuromuscular conditions with an emphasis on data resulting from newborn screening efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurane Mackels
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Adult Neurology Department, Citadelle Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Servais
- Neuromuscular Centre, Division of Paediatrics, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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19
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Wong BL, Summer S, Horn PS, Rutter MM, Rybalsky I, Tian C, Shellenbarger KC, Kalkwarf HJ. Appendicular lean mass index changes in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2804-2812. [PMID: 37878526 PMCID: PMC10751441 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in the 79 exons of the dystrophin gene result in muscle wasting and weakness of varying clinical severity, ranging from severe/typical Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) to intermediate DMD and mild Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), depending on the frameshift of the mutation. We previously reported that males with DMD have progressively declining appendicular lean mass (ALM) and ALM index (ALMI) with age and worsening functional motor ability compared with healthy controls. These indices have not been studied in patients with intermediate DMD and BMD phenotypes and across DMD genotypes. In this study, we compared age-related trajectories of ALM and ALMI of patients who had (1) BMD without functional mobility deficits with patients who had DMD at different stages of disease and healthy controls; (2) a DMD intermediate phenotype with patients who had a typical DMD phenotype; and (3) DMD categorized by genotype. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of ALM and ALMI data from 499 patients (ages 5-23 years) with DMD (466 typical and 33 intermediate) and 46 patients (ages 5-21 years) with BMD (without functional mobility deficits and functional mobility score of 1). Patients were grouped according to age reflecting disease stage (ages 5 to <7, 7 to <10, 10 to <14, and 14 to <20 years) and genotype (mutations in exons 1-30, 31-44, 45-62, and 63-79). RESULTS ALM and ALMI trajectories of patients with BMD paralleled those of healthy controls until adolescence, in contrast to patients with DMD. ALMI Z-scores of patients with BMD remained within ±2 SD without decline while those of patients with DMD fell below -2 SD around age 12 years. Patients with BMD had increasing ALM and ALMI with age, with peak accrual between ages 10 to <14 years. ALMI declined after age 14 years for those with intermediate DMD compared with 10 years for patients with typical DMD. Patients with mutations in exons 63-79 had a greater decline in ALMI as compared with those with other genotypes after age 10 years. CONCLUSIONS Age-related changes in ALMI in patients with BMD and intermediate DMD differ from those with typical DMD, reflecting their clinical phenotypes. ALM and ALMI should be further studied in patients with BMD and DMD subtypes for their potential value as surrogate markers to characterize the severity of BMD and DMD and inform clinical care decisions and clinical trial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda L. Wong
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, DMD ProgramUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - Suzanne Summer
- Clinical Translational Research CenterCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Paul S. Horn
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Meilan M. Rutter
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA
- Division of EndocrinologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Irina Rybalsky
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Cuixia Tian
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Karen C. Shellenbarger
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, DMD ProgramUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - Heidi J. Kalkwarf
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
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20
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Roberts TC, Wood MJA, Davies KE. Therapeutic approaches for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:917-934. [PMID: 37652974 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a monogenic muscle-wasting disorder and a priority candidate for molecular and cellular therapeutics. Although rare, it is the most common inherited myopathy affecting children and so has been the focus of intense research activity. It is caused by mutations that disrupt production of the dystrophin protein, and a plethora of drug development approaches are under way that aim to restore dystrophin function, including exon skipping, stop codon readthrough, gene replacement, cell therapy and gene editing. These efforts have led to the clinical approval of four exon skipping antisense oligonucleotides, one stop codon readthrough drug and one gene therapy product, with other approvals likely soon. Here, we discuss the latest therapeutic strategies that are under development and being deployed to treat DMD. Lessons from these drug development programmes are likely to have a major impact on the DMD field, but also on molecular and cellular medicine more generally. Thus, DMD is a pioneer disease at the forefront of future drug discovery efforts, with these experimental treatments paving the way for therapies using similar mechanisms of action being developed for other genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Roberts
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Oxford, UK.
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Kay E Davies
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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21
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Naarding KJ, Stimpson G, Ward SJ, Goemans N, McDonald C, Mercuri E, Muntoni F. 269th ENMC international workshop: 10 years of clinical trials in Duchenne muscular dystrophy - What have we learned? 9-11 December 2022, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:897-910. [PMID: 37926638 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
There are multiple avenues for therapeutic development in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which are highlighted in the first section of this report for the "10 years of Clinical trials in DMD - What have we learned?" workshop. This report then provides an overview of the presentations made at the workshop grouped into the following core themes: trial outcomes, disease heterogeneity, meaningfulness of outcomes and the utility of real-world data in trials. Finally, we present the consensus that was achieved at the workshop on the learning points from 10 years of clinical trials in DMD, and possible action points from these. This includes further work in expanding the scope and range of trial outcomes and assessing the efficacy of new trial structures for DMD. We also highlight several points which should be addressed during future interactions with regulators, such as clinical meaningfulness and the use of real-world data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin J Naarding
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Duchenne Center Netherlands, the Netherlands
| | - Georgia Stimpson
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, London, UK
| | - Susan J Ward
- Collaborative Trajectory Analysis Project (cTAP), United States
| | - Nathalie Goemans
- University Hospitals Leuven, Dept of Child Neurology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Craig McDonald
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in Sacramento, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Centro Clinico Nemo, U.O.C. Neuropsichiatria Infantile Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
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22
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Braga VLL, Lima DP, Mariano TC, Lima PLGDSB, Maia ABDA, da Silva Meireles WW, de Oliveira Pessoa KT, de Oliveira CM, Ribeiro EM, Nóbrega PR, Pessoa ALS. Higher Prevalence of Nonsense Pathogenic DMD Variants in a Single-Center Cohort from Brazil: A Genetic Profile Study That May Guide the Choice of Disease-Modifying Treatments. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1521. [PMID: 38002481 PMCID: PMC10669865 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystrophinopathies are muscle diseases caused by pathogenic variants in DMD, the largest gene described in humans, representing a spectrum of diseases ranging from asymptomatic creatine phosphokinase elevation to severe Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Several therapeutic strategies are currently in use or under development, each targeting different pathogenic variants. However, little is known about the genetic profiles of northeast Brazilian patients with dystrophinopathies. We describe the spectrum of pathogenic DMD variants in a single center in northeast Brazil. This is an observational, cross-sectional study carried out through molecular-genetic analysis of male patients diagnosed with dystrophinopathies using Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) followed by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based strategies. A total of 94 male patients were evaluated. Deletions (43.6%) and duplications (10.6%) were the most recurring patterns of pathogenic variants. However, small variants were present in 47.1% of patients, most of them nonsense variants (27.6%). This is the largest South American single-center case series of dystrophinopathies to date. We found a higher frequency of treatment-amenable nonsense single-nucleotide variants than most previous studies. These findings may have implications for diagnostic strategies in less-known populations, as a higher frequency of nonsense variants may mean a higher possibility of treating patients with disease-modifying drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Lucas Lopes Braga
- Division of Pediatry, Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, Fortaleza 60410-794, CE, Brazil; (V.L.L.B.); (A.B.d.A.M.)
| | - Danielle Pessoa Lima
- Division of Geriatry, Walter Cantidio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-372, CE, Brazil;
| | - Tamiris Carneiro Mariano
- Division of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Disorders, Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, Fortaleza 60410-794, CE, Brazil;
| | | | - Ana Beatriz de Almeida Maia
- Division of Pediatry, Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, Fortaleza 60410-794, CE, Brazil; (V.L.L.B.); (A.B.d.A.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paulo Ribeiro Nóbrega
- Division of Neurology, Walter Cantidio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-372, CE, Brazil
- Campus Parque Ecológico, Centro Universitário Christus, Fortaleza 60160-230, CE, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Santos Pessoa
- Albert Sabin Children’s Hospital, Fortaleza 60410-794, CE, Brazil;
- Faculty of Medicine, State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza 60714-903, CE, Brazil
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Jayash SN, Hamoudi D, Stephen LA, Argaw A, Huesa C, Joseph S, Wong SC, Frenette J, Farquharson C. Anti-RANKL Therapy Prevents Glucocorticoid-Induced Bone Loss and Promotes Muscle Function in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:449-468. [PMID: 37470794 PMCID: PMC10516841 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates prevent bone loss in glucocorticoid (GC)-treated boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and are recommended as standard of care. Targeting receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) may have advantages in DMD by ameliorating dystrophic skeletal muscle function in addition to their bone anti-resorptive properties. However, the potential effects of anti-RANKL treatment upon discontinuation in GC-induced animal models of DMD are unknown and need further investigation prior to exploration in the clinical research setting. In the first study, the effects of anti-RANKL and deflazacort (DFZ) on dystrophic skeletal muscle function and bone microstructure were assessed in mdx mice treated with DFZ or anti-RANKL, or both for 8 weeks. Anti-RANKL and DFZ improved grip force performance of mdx mice but an additive effect was not noted. However, anti-RANKL but not DFZ improved ex vivo contractile properties of dystrophic muscles. This functional improvement was associated with a reduction in muscle damage and fibrosis, and inflammatory cell number. Anti-RANKL treatment, with or without DFZ, also improved trabecular bone structure of mdx mice. In a second study, intravenous zoledronate (Zol) administration (1 or 2 doses) following 2 months of discontinuation of anti-RANKL treatment was mostly required to record an improvement in bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties in DFZ-treated mdx mice. In conclusion, the ability of anti-RANKL therapy to restore muscle function has profound implications for DMD patients as it offers the possibility of improving skeletal muscle function without the steroid-related skeletal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soher Nagi Jayash
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Dounia Hamoudi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Québec-Centre, Hospitalier de L’Université Laval, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC Canada
| | - Louise A. Stephen
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Anteneh Argaw
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Québec-Centre, Hospitalier de L’Université Laval, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC Canada
| | - Carmen Huesa
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shuko Joseph
- Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, Child Health, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sze Choong Wong
- University of Glasgow/Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, Child Health, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jérôme Frenette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Québec-Centre, Hospitalier de L’Université Laval, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC Canada
| | - Colin Farquharson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
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McDonald CM, Marden JR, Shieh PB, Wong BL, Lane H, Zhang A, Nguyen H, Frean M, Trifillis P, Koladicz K, Signorovitch J. Disease progression rates in ambulatory Duchenne muscular dystrophy by steroid type, patient age and functional status. J Comp Eff Res 2023; 12:e220190. [PMID: 36749302 PMCID: PMC10402754 DOI: 10.57264/cer-2022-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To examine benefits of corticosteroids for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) by age and disease progression. Methods: Data from daily steroid users (placebo-treated) were pooled from four phase 2b/3 trials in DMD. Outcomes assessed overall and among subgroups included changes from baseline to 48 weeks in six-minute walk distance (6MWD), timed function tests and North Star Ambulatory Assessment total score. Results: Among 231 patients receiving deflazacort (n = 127) or prednisone (n = 104), observed differences in 6MWD favoring deflazacort over prednisone were significant for patients with relatively older age (≥8-years-old), greater disease progression (baseline timed stand from supine ≥5 s), or longer corticosteroid use (>3 years). Conclusion: Daily deflazacort had greater benefits than daily prednisone particularly among older/more progressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M McDonald
- Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | - Brenda L Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Henry Lane
- Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA 02199, USA
| | | | - Ha Nguyen
- Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA 02199, USA
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CB2 Receptor as Emerging Anti-Inflammatory Target in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043345. [PMID: 36834757 PMCID: PMC9964283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a very severe X-linked dystrophinopathy. It is due to a mutation in the DMD gene and causes muscular degeneration in conjunction with several secondary co-morbidities, such cardiomyopathy and respiratory failure. DMD is characterized by a chronic inflammatory state, and corticosteroids represent the main therapy for these patients. To contradict drug-related side effects, there is need for novel and more safe therapeutic strategies. Macrophages are immune cells stringently involved in both physiological and pathological inflammatory processes. They express the CB2 receptor, one of the main elements of the endocannabinoid system, and have been proposed as an anti-inflammatory target in several inflammatory and immune diseases. We observed a lower expression of the CB2 receptor in DMD-associated macrophages, hypothesizing its involvement in the pathogenesis of this pathology. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of JWH-133, a CB2 receptor selective agonist, on DMD-associated primary macrophages. Our study describes the beneficial effect of JWH-133 in counteracting inflammation by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines release and by directing macrophages' phenotype toward the M2 anti-inflammatory one.
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McDonald CM, Mayer OH, Hor KN, Miller D, Goemans N, Henricson EK, Marden JR, Freimark J, Lane H, Zhang A, Frean M, Trifillis P, Koladicz K, Signorovitch J. Functional and Clinical Outcomes Associated with Steroid Treatment among Non-ambulatory Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy1. J Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 10:67-79. [PMID: 36565131 PMCID: PMC9881035 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-221575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the long-term efficacy of steroids in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) after loss of ambulation is limited. OBJECTIVE Characterize and compare disease progression by steroid treatment (prednisone, deflazacort, or no steroids) among non-ambulatory boys with DMD. METHODS Disease progression was measured by functional status (Performance of Upper Limb Module for DMD 1.2 [PUL] and Egen Klassifikation Scale Version 2 [EK] scale) and by cardiac and pulmonary function (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF], forced vital capacity [FVC] % -predicted, cough peak flow [CPF]). Longitudinal changes in outcomes, progression to key disease milestones, and dosing and body composition metrics were analyzed descriptively and in multivariate models. RESULTS This longitudinal cohort study included 86 non-ambulatory patients with DMD (mean age 13.4 years; n = 40 [deflazacort], n = 29 [prednisone], n = 17 [no steroids]). Deflazacort use resulted in slower average declines in FVC % -predicted vs. no steroids (+3.73 percentage points/year, p < 0.05). Both steroids were associated with significantly slower average declines in LVEF, improvement in CPF, and slower declines in total PUL score and EK total score vs. no steroids; deflazacort was associated with slower declines in total PUL score vs. prednisone (all p < 0.05). Both steroids also preserved functional abilities considered especially important to quality of life, including the abilities to perform hand-to-mouth function and to turn in bed at night unaided (all p < 0.05 vs. no steroids). CONCLUSIONS Steroid use after loss of ambulation in DMD was associated with delayed progression of important pulmonary, cardiac, and upper extremity functional deficits, suggesting some benefits of deflazacort over prednisone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar H. Mayer
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kan N. Hor
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jessica R. Marden
- Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA, USA,Correspondence to: Jessica Marden, 111 Huntington Avenue, 14th Floor, Boston, MA 02199, USA. Tel.: +1 617 425 8000; E-mail:
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Bencze M. Mechanisms of Myofibre Death in Muscular Dystrophies: The Emergence of the Regulated Forms of Necrosis in Myology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010362. [PMID: 36613804 PMCID: PMC9820579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibre necrosis is a central pathogenic process in muscular dystrophies (MD). As post-lesional regeneration cannot fully compensate for chronic myofibre loss, interstitial tissue accumulates and impairs muscle function. Muscle regeneration has been extensively studied over the last decades, however, the pathway(s) controlling muscle necrosis remains largely unknown. The recent discovery of several regulated cell death (RCD) pathways with necrotic morphology challenged the dogma of necrosis as an uncontrolled process, opening interesting perspectives for many degenerative disorders. In this review, we focus on how cell death affects myofibres in MDs, integrating the latest research in the cell death field, with specific emphasis on Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the best-known and most common hereditary MD. The role of regulated forms of necrosis in myology is still in its infancy but there is increasing evidence that necroptosis, a genetically programmed form of necrosis, is involved in muscle degenerating disorders. The existence of apoptosis in myofibre demise will be questioned, while other forms of non-apoptotic RCDs may also have a role in myonecrosis, illustrating the complexity and possibly the heterogeneity of the cell death pathways in muscle degenerating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien Bencze
- “Biology of the Neuromuscular System” Team, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), University Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, U955 IMRB, 94010 Créteil, France;
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, IMRB, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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English KG, Reid AL, Samani A, Coulis GJF, Villalta SA, Walker CJ, Tamir S, Alexander MS. Next-Generation SINE Compound KPT-8602 Ameliorates Dystrophic Pathology in Zebrafish and Mouse Models of DMD. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102400. [PMID: 36289662 PMCID: PMC9598711 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive, X-linked childhood neuromuscular disorder that results from loss-of-function mutations in the DYSTROPHIN gene. DMD patients exhibit muscle necrosis, cardiomyopathy, respiratory failure, and loss of ambulation. One of the major driving forces of DMD disease pathology is chronic inflammation. The current DMD standard of care is corticosteroids; however, there are serious side effects with long-term use, thus identifying novel anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic treatments for DMD is of high priority. We investigated the next-generation SINE compound, KPT-8602 (eltanexor) as an oral therapeutic to alleviate dystrophic symptoms. We performed pre-clinical evaluation of the effects of KPT-8602 in DMD zebrafish (sapje) and mouse (D2-mdx) models. KPT-8602 improved dystrophic skeletal muscle pathologies, muscle architecture and integrity, and overall outcomes in both animal models. KPT-8602 treatment ameliorated DMD pathology in D2-mdx mice, with increased locomotor behavior and improved muscle histology. KPT-8602 altered the immunological profile of the dystrophic mice, and reduced circulating osteopontin serum levels. These findings demonstrate KPT-8602 as an effective therapeutic in DMD through by promotion of an anti-inflammatory environment and overall improvement of DMD pathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G. English
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at Children’s of Alabama the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Andrea L. Reid
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at Children’s of Alabama the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Adrienne Samani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at Children’s of Alabama the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Gerald J. F. Coulis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92967, USA
| | - S. Armando Villalta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92967, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at Children’s of Alabama the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine (UCEM), Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- UAB Civitan International Research Center (CIRC), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- UAB Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics (CNET), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence:
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CRISPR-Based Therapeutic Gene Editing for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Advances, Challenges and Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192964. [PMID: 36230926 PMCID: PMC9564082 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe neuromuscular disease arising from loss-of-function mutations in the dystrophin gene and characterized by progressive muscle degeneration, respiratory insufficiency, cardiac failure, and premature death by the age of thirty. Albeit DMD is one of the most common types of fatal genetic diseases, there is no curative treatment for this devastating disorder. In recent years, gene editing via the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system has paved a new path toward correcting pathological mutations at the genetic source, thus enabling the permanent restoration of dystrophin expression and function throughout the musculature. To date, the therapeutic benefits of CRISPR genome-editing systems have been successfully demonstrated in human cells, rodents, canines, and piglets with diverse DMD mutations. Nevertheless, there remain some nonignorable challenges to be solved before the clinical application of CRISPR-based gene therapy. Herein, we provide an overview of therapeutic CRISPR genome-editing systems, summarize recent advancements in their applications in DMD contexts, and discuss several potential obstacles lying ahead of clinical translation.
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Tsaknakis K, Jäckle K, Lüders KA, Lorenz HM, Braunschweig L, Hell AK. Reduced bone mineral density in adolescents with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and scoliosis. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:2011-2018. [PMID: 35583603 PMCID: PMC9463342 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a progressive disease usually associated with loss of ambulation and progressive scoliosis. Immobilisation and glucocorticoid treatment are predisposing factors for reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Analysis of quantitative computed tomography revealed low BMD in thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in comparison to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. INTRODUCTION Evaluation of vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) adolescents with untreated advanced scoliosis and comparison with the BMD values of healthy age-matched controls, based on quantitative computer tomography. METHODS Thirty-seven DMD adolescents (age 15.6 ± 2.5 years) with spinal deformity were evaluated clinically and radiologically prior to definite spinal fusion and compared to 31 male and age-matched healthy individuals (age 15.7 ± 2.3 years). Data related to previous medical treatment, physiotherapy and ambulatory status was also analysed. Scoliotic curves were measured on plain sitting radiographs of the spine. The BMD Z-scores of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae were calculated with QCTpro® (Mindways Software Inc., USA), based on data sets of preoperative, phantom pre-calibrated spinal computed tomography scans. RESULTS A statistically significant lower BMD could be found in DMD adolescents, when compared to healthy controls, showing an average value for the lumbar spine of 80.5 ± 30.5 mg/cm3. Z-scores deteriorated from the upper thoracic towards the lower lumbar vertebrae. All but the uppermost thoracic vertebrae had reduced BMD values, with the thoracolumbar and lumbar region demonstrating the lowest BMD. No significant correlation was observed between BMD and the severity of the scoliotic curve, previous glucocorticoid treatment, cardiovascular impairment, vitamin D supplementation, non-invasive ventilation or physiotherapy. CONCLUSION DMD adolescents with scoliosis have strongly reduced BMD Z-scores, especially in the lumbar spine in comparison to healthy controls. These findings support the implementation of a standardised screening and treatment protocol. Level of evidence/clinical relevance: therapeutic level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Tsaknakis
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Paediatric Orthopaedics, Department of Trauma, Orthopaedic and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - K. Jäckle
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - K. A. Lüders
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Paediatric Orthopaedics, Department of Trauma, Orthopaedic and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - H. M. Lorenz
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Paediatric Orthopaedics, Department of Trauma, Orthopaedic and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - L. Braunschweig
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Paediatric Orthopaedics, Department of Trauma, Orthopaedic and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - A. K. Hell
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Paediatric Orthopaedics, Department of Trauma, Orthopaedic and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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Zambon AA, Trucco F, Laverty A, Riley M, Ridout D, Manzur AY, Abel F, Muntoni F. Respiratory Function and Sleep Disordered Breathing in Pediatric Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Neurology 2022; 99:e1216-e1226. [PMID: 35953292 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decline of respiratory function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is associated with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and alteration of nocturnal gas exchange, first manifesting as nocturnal hypoventilation (NH). However, the correlation between pulmonary function measured by spirometry (PFT) and the onset of SDB with or without NH is unclear. AIM To identify the prevalence and features of SDB and to investigate the relationship between lung function determined by forced vital capacity (FVC) and sleep abnormalities in a large paediatric DMD population. METHODS Retrospective, single-center cohort study. FVC% predicted (FVC%) was calculated using predicted equations from the Global Lung Function Initiative. NH was defined by transcutaneous (tc) CO2 >50 mmHg for >25% of total sleep time (TST); borderline NH by a mean tcCO2 between 45-50mmHg or tcCO2>50mmHg for ≤25% of TST; Clinically meaningful obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by obstructive Apnea-Hypopnea Index >5. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of FVC<50% to indicate presence of nocturnal hypoventilation were calculated. RESULTS 134 patients underwent 284 sleep studies and 1222 PFT. Mean (SD) age at first and last sleep study was 12.9 (2.7) and 14.3 (2.6) years. Borderline NH (n=31) was detected in both ambulant and early-non ambulant subjects, while 100% of NH cases (n=14) were non-ambulant. NH was detected in 4/14 patients despite an FVC>50%. Seventeen/26 patients with OSA presented with concomitant NH or borderline NH. FVC<50% was associated with NH indicating a sensitivity and specificity of 73% and 86%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive value were 32% and 97% respectively. PFT showed a non-linear, sudden FVC% decline in 18% of cases. CONCLUSIONS FVC% <50 was associated with NH in close to a third of patients. CO2 elevation can be associated with obstructive/pseudo-obstructive events and was also observed in early non-ambulant cases or in the presence of FVC>50%. These results are relevant for the clinical management of SDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A Zambon
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.,Neuromuscular Repair Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Trucco
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.,Children's Sleep Medicine, Evelina Children Hospital - Paediatric Respiratory Department Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Trust, London, UK
| | - Aidan Laverty
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital & UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Mollie Riley
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital & UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Deborah Ridout
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.,Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Adnan Y Manzur
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Francois Abel
- Children's Sleep Medicine, Evelina Children Hospital - Paediatric Respiratory Department Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Trust, London, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK .,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Zambon AA, Ayyar Gupta V, Ridout D, Manzur A, Baranello G, Trucco F, Muntoni F, Douglas M, McFetridge J, Parasuraman D, Alhaswani Z, McMurchie H, Rabb R, Majumdar A, Vijayakumar K, Amin S, Mason F, Frimpong‐Ansah C, Gibbon F, Parson B, Naismith K, Burslem J, Baxter A, Eadie C, Horrocks I, Di Marco M, Childs A, Pallant L, Spinty S, Shillington A, Gregson S, Cheshman L, Wraige E, Gowda V, Jungbluth H, Sheehan J, Hughes I, Warner S, Straub V, Guglieri M, Mayhew A, Chow G, Williamson S, Willis T, Kulshrestha R, Emery N, Ramdas S, Ramjattan H, de Goede C, Selley A, Ong M, White K, Illingworth M, Geary M, Palmer J, White C, Greenfield K, Hewawitharana G, Julien Y, Stephens E, Tewnion J, Ambegaonkar G, Krishnakumar D, Taylor J, Ward C, Willis T, Wright E, Rylance C. Peak functional ability and age at loss of ambulation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022; 64:979-988. [PMID: 35385138 PMCID: PMC9303180 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To correlate the North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) and timed rise from floor (TRF) recorded at age of expected peak with age at loss of ambulation (LOA) in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). METHOD Male children with DMD enrolled in the UK North Start Network database were included according to the following criteria: follow-up longer than 3 years, one NSAA record between 6 years and 7 years 6 months (baseline), at least one visit when older than 8 years. Data about corticosteroid treatment, LOA, genotype, NSAA, and TRF were analysed. Age at LOA among the different groups based on NSAA and TRF was determined by log-rank tests. Cox proportional hazard models were used for multivariable analysis. RESULTS A total of 293 patients from 13 different centres were included. Mean (SD) age at first and last visit was 5 years 6 months (1 year 2 months) and 12 years 8 months (2 years 11 months) (median follow-up 7 years 4 months). Higher NSAA and lower TRF at baseline were associated with older age at LOA (p<0.001). Patients scoring NSAA 32 to 34 had a probability of 0.61 of being ambulant when older than 13 years compared with 0.34 for those scoring 26 to 31. In multivariable analysis, NSAA, TRF, and corticosteroid daily regimen (vs intermittent) were all independently associated with outcome (p=0.01). INTERPRETATION Higher functional abilities at peak are associated with older age at LOA in DMD. This information is important for counselling families. These baseline measures should also be considered when designing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A. Zambon
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular CentreUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK,Neuromuscular Repair UnitInstitute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe)Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Vandana Ayyar Gupta
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular CentreUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
| | - Deborah Ridout
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
| | - Adnan Y. Manzur
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular CentreUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
| | - Giovanni Baranello
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular CentreUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
| | - Federica Trucco
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular CentreUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK,Children’s Sleep MedicineEvelina Children Hospital ‐ Paediatric Respiratory Department Royal Brompton HospitalGuy’s and St Thomas’ TrustLondonUK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular CentreUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
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Emerging therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Lancet Neurol 2022; 21:814-829. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Quinlivan RM. Age at diagnosis for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Why we must do better. Muscle Nerve 2022; 66:116-117. [PMID: 35560237 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaline Mary Quinlivan
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital, London, UK
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35
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Landfeldt E, Ferizović N, Buesch K. Timing of Clinical Interventions in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Systematic Review and Grading of Evidence. J Neuromuscul Dis 2022; 9:353-364. [DOI: 10.3233/jnd-220804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Clinical medical management guidelines of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) emphasize prevention and early identification and treatment. Objective: The objective of our study was to review, synthesize, and grade published evidence of the impact of the timing of clinical interventions in DMD. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for records published from inception up until November 19, 2021, reporting evidence of the impact of the timing of clinical interventions in DMD. We assessed the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) framework. Results: We included 12 publications encompassing 1,623 patients with DMD from seven countries (Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America). Six (50%) studies reported evidence of an impact of the timing of initiation of glucocorticoids on loss of ambulation, cardiomyopathy, fractures, forced vital capacity, and height and BMI; four (33%) of cardiac medication (i.e., angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, β-blockers, and eplerenone) on left ventricular size and function and survival; one (8%) of lower limb surgery on motor quotient and loss of ambulation; and one (8%) of ataluren on lower extremity and motor function. The overall quality of the body of evidence was low. Conclusion: While there is a clinical rationale for anticipatory diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, evidence of the impact of the timing of initiation of treatments in patients with DMD is still emerging. Further research of this topic is warranted to inform treatment guidelines in this indication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K. Buesch
- PTC Therapeutics Switzerland GmbH, Zug, Switzerland
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Chesshyre M, Ridout D, Hashimoto Y, Ookubo Y, Torelli S, Maresh K, Ricotti V, Abbott L, Gupta VA, Main M, Ferrari G, Kowala A, Lin YY, Tedesco FS, Scoto M, Baranello G, Manzur A, Aoki Y, Muntoni F. Investigating the role of dystrophin isoform deficiency in motor function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1360-1372. [PMID: 35083887 PMCID: PMC8977977 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by DMD mutations leading to dystrophin loss. Full-length Dp427 is the primary dystrophin isoform expressed in muscle and is also expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). Two shorter isoforms, Dp140 and Dp71, are highly expressed in the CNS. While a role for Dp140 and Dp71 on DMD CNS comorbidities is well known, relationships between mutations expected to disrupt Dp140 and Dp71 and motor outcomes are not. METHODS Functional outcome data from 387 DMD boys aged 4-15 years were subdivided by DMD mutation expected effects on dystrophin isoform expression; Group 1 (Dp427 absent, Dp140/Dp71 present, n = 201); Group 2 (Dp427/Dp140 absent, Dp71 present, n = 152); and Group 3 (Dp427/Dp140/Dp71 absent, n = 34). Relationships between isoform group and North Star ambulatory assessment (NSAA) scores, 10 m walk/run velocities and rise time velocities were explored using regression analysis. Western blot analysis was used to study Dp427, Dp140 and Dp71 production in myogenic cells (control and DMD human), control skeletal muscle, DMD skeletal muscle from the three isoform groups and cerebral cortex from mice (wild-type and DMD models). Grip strength and rotarod running test were studied in wild-type mice and DMD mouse models. DMD mouse models were mdx (Dp427 absent, Dp140/Dp71 present), mdx52 (Dp427/Dp140 absent, Dp71 present) and DMD-null (lacking all isoforms). RESULTS In DMD boys, mean NSAA scores at 5 years of age were 6.1 points lower in Group 3 than Group 1 (P < 0.01) and 4.9 points lower in Group 3 than Group 2 (P = 0.05). Mean peak NSAA scores were 4.0 points lower in Group 3 than Group 1 (P < 0.01) and 1.6 points lower in Group 2 than Group 1 (P = 0.04). Mean four-limb grip strength was 1.5 g/g lower in mdx52 than mdx mice (P = 0.003) and 1.5 g/g lower in DMD-null than mdx mice (P = 0.002). Dp71 was produced in myogenic cells (control and DMD human) and skeletal muscle from humans in Groups 1 and 2 and mdx mice, but not skeletal muscle from human controls, myogenic cells and skeletal muscle from humans in Group 3 or skeletal muscle from wild-type, mdx52 or DMD-null mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the importance of considering expected effects of DMD mutations on dystrophin isoform production when considering patterns of DMD motor impairment and the implications for clinical practice and clinical trials. Our results suggest a complex relationship between dystrophin isoforms expressed in the brain and DMD motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Chesshyre
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Deborah Ridout
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Yasumasa Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yoko Ookubo
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Silvia Torelli
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kate Maresh
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Valeria Ricotti
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Lianne Abbott
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Vandana Ayyar Gupta
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Marion Main
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Giulia Ferrari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Kowala
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yung-Yao Lin
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Saverio Tedesco
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Mariacristina Scoto
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Baranello
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Adnan Manzur
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Yoshitsugu Aoki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Wood CL, van ‘t Hof R, Dillon S, Straub V, Wong SC, Ahmed SF, Farquharson C. Combined growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 rescues growth retardation in glucocorticoid-treated mdxmice but does not prevent osteopenia. J Endocrinol 2022; 253:63-74. [PMID: 35191394 PMCID: PMC9010817 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Short stature and osteoporosis are common in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and its pathophysiology may include an abnormality of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis, which is further exacerbated by long-term glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. Hence, an agent that has anabolic properties and may improve linear growth would be beneficial in this setting and therefore requires further exploration. A 5-week-old x-linked muscular dystrophy (mdx) mice were used as a model of DMD. They were treated with prednisolone ± GH + IGF-1 for 4 weeks and then compared to control mdx mice to allow the study of both growth and skeletal structure. GC reduced cortical bone area, bone fraction, tissue area and volume and cortical bone volume, as assessed by micro computed tomography (CT) In addition, GC caused somatic and skeletal growth retardation but improved grip strength. The addition of GH + IGF-1 therapy rescued the somatic growth retardation and induced additional improvements in grip strength (16.9% increase, P < 0.05 compared to control). There was no improvement in bone microarchitecture (assessed by micro-CT and static histomorphometry) or biomechanical properties (assessed by three-point bending). Serum bone turnover markers (Serum procollagen 1 intact N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), alpha C-terminal telopeptide (αCTX)) also remained unaffected. Further work is needed to maximise these gains before proceeding to clinical trials in boys with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Wood
- Division of Functional Genetics and Development, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to C Wood or C Farquharson: or
| | - Rob van ‘t Hof
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Scott Dillon
- Division of Functional Genetics and Development, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Volker Straub
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sze C Wong
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Farquharson
- Division of Functional Genetics and Development, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to C Wood or C Farquharson: or
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Ferizovic N, Summers J, de Zárate IBO, Werner C, Jiang J, Landfeldt E, Buesch K. Prognostic indicators of disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A literature review and evidence synthesis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265879. [PMID: 35333888 PMCID: PMC8956179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare, severely debilitating, and fatal neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive muscle degeneration. Like in many orphan diseases, randomized controlled trials are uncommon in DMD, resulting in the need to indirectly compare treatment effects, for example by pooling individual patient-level data from multiple sources. However, to derive reliable estimates, it is necessary to ensure that the samples considered are comparable with respect to factors significantly affecting the clinical progression of the disease. To help inform such analyses, the objective of this study was to review and synthesise published evidence of prognostic indicators of disease progression in DMD. We searched MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase (via Ovid) and the Cochrane Library (via Wiley) for records published from inception up until April 23 2021, reporting evidence of prognostic indicators of disease progression in DMD. Risk of bias was established with the grading system of the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM). RESULTS Our search included 135 studies involving 25,610 patients from 18 countries across six continents (Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America). We identified a total of 23 prognostic indicators of disease progression in DMD, namely age at diagnosis, age at onset of symptoms, ataluren treatment, ATL1102, BMI, cardiac medication, DMD genetic modifiers, DMD mutation type, drisapersen, edasalonexent, eteplirsen, glucocorticoid exposure, height, idebenone, lower limb surgery, orthoses, oxandrolone, spinal surgery, TAS-205, vamorolone, vitlolarsen, ventilation support, and weight. Of these, cardiac medication, DMD genetic modifiers, DMD mutation type, and glucocorticoid exposure were designated core prognostic indicators, each supported by a high level of evidence and significantly affecting a wide range of clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION This study provides a current summary of prognostic indicators of disease progression in DMD, which will help inform the design of comparative analyses and future data collection initiatives in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermina Ferizovic
- MAP BioPharma Ltd, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
- BresMed Health Solutions, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Joel Jiang
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
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Stimpson G, Raquq S, Chesshyre M, Fewtrell M, Ridout D, Sarkozy A, Manzur A, Ayyar Gupta V, De Amicis R, Muntoni F, Baranello G. Growth pattern trajectories in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:20. [PMID: 35073949 PMCID: PMC8785507 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to analyse retrospective, observational, longitudinal growth (weight, height and BMI) data in ambulatory boys aged 5-12 years with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). BACKGROUND We considered glucocorticoids (GC) use, dystrophin isoforms and amenability to exon 8, 44, 45, 51 and 53 skipping drug subgroups, and the impact of growth on loss of ambulation. We analysed 598 boys, with 2604 observations. This analysis considered patients from the UK NorthStar database (2003-2020) on one of five regimes: "GC naïve", "deflazacort daily" (DD), "deflazacort intermittent" (DI), "prednisolone daily" (PD) and "prednisolone intermittent" (PI). A random slope model was used to model the weight, height and BMI SD scores (using the UK90). RESULTS The daily regime subgroups had significant yearly height stunting compared to the GC naïve subgroup. Notably, the average height change for the DD subgroup was 0.25 SD (95% CI - 0.30, - 0.21) less than reference values. Those with affected expression of Dp427, Dp140 and Dp71 isoforms were 0.77 (95% CI 0.3, 1.24) and 0.82 (95% CI 1.28, 0.36) SD shorter than those with Dp427 and/or Dp140 expression affected respectively. Increased weight was not associated with earlier loss of ambulation, but taller boys still ambulant between the age of 10 and 11 years were more at risk of losing ambulation. CONCLUSION These findings may provide further guidance to clinicians when counselling and discussing GCs commencement with patients and their carers and may represent a benchmark set of data to evaluate the effects of new generations of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Stimpson
- Developmental Neuroscience Research and Teaching Department, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sarah Raquq
- Developmental Neuroscience Research and Teaching Department, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Mary Chesshyre
- Developmental Neuroscience Research and Teaching Department, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mary Fewtrell
- Population, Policy and Practice Department, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Deborah Ridout
- Population, Policy and Practice Department, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Anna Sarkozy
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Adnan Manzur
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Vandana Ayyar Gupta
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ramona De Amicis
- International Centre for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Developmental Neuroscience Research and Teaching Department, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Giovanni Baranello
- Developmental Neuroscience Research and Teaching Department, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK. .,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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Andrews JG, Lamb MM, Conway KM, Street N, Westfield C, Ciafaloni E, Matthews D, Pandya S. Differentiation of Pediatric-Onset Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy Subphenotypes Using Data from the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance Tracking and Research Network (MD STARnet). J Neuromuscul Dis 2022; 9:171-178. [PMID: 34776418 PMCID: PMC9059491 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-210739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) phenotypes are used to describe disease progression in affected individuals. However, considerable heterogeneity has been observed across and within these two phenotypes, suggesting a spectrum of severity rather than distinct conditions. Characterizing the phenotypes and subphenotypes aids researchers in the design of clinical studies and clinicians in providing anticipatory guidance to affected individuals and their families. Using data from the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking, and Research Network (MD STARnet), we used K-means cluster analysis to group phenotypically similar males with pediatric-onset dystrophinopathy. We identified four dystrophinopathy clusters: Classical BMD, Classical DMD, late ambulatory DMD, and severe DMD. The clusters that we identified align with both 'classical' and 'non-classical' dystrophinopathy described in the literature. Individuals with dystrophinopathies have heterogenous clinical presentations that cluster into phenotypically similar groups. Use of clinically-derived phenotyping may provide a clearer understanding of disease trajectories, reduce variability in study results, and prevent exclusion of certain cohorts from analysis. Findings from studying subphenotypes may ultimately improve our ability to predict disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer G. Andrews
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA,Correspondence to: Jennifer G. Andrews, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, PO Box 245073, AZ 857-5073, Tucson. Tel.: (520) 626 6816; Fax: (520) 626 8056,
| | - Molly M. Lamb
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - Kristin M. Conway
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Natalie Street
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Emma Ciafaloni
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
| | - Dennis Matthews
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - Shree Pandya
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
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Crabtree NJ, Roper H, Shaw NJ. Cessation of ambulation results in a dramatic loss of trabecular bone density in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Bone 2022; 154:116248. [PMID: 34718220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are currently used to improve muscle strength and prolong ambulation in boys with DMD although the effect on bone health is still unclear. The aim of this study was to compare bone strength in healthy children and boys with DMD and investigate the interaction between diminished muscle function, loss of ambulation and high dose oral steroids, over a two year time frame. Fifty children were studied, 14 healthy boys (HB), 13 boys with DMD who remained ambulant (DMD-RA) and 23 boys with DMD who lost ambulation (DMD-LA). All boys with DMD had taken oral glucocorticoids. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to measure bone geometry, density, strength and muscle mass of the non-dominant tibia and radius. Measurements were made at baseline, 12 and 24 months at the distal metaphysis and mid diaphysis sites. Differences between the three groups were evaluated using ANOVA and a repeated measures model. There were no significant differences in age between the groups: mean age was 9.4, 8.7 and 8.8 years for HB, DMD-RA and DMD-LA, respectively. There was no significant difference in steroid exposure between the DMD groups. However, boys who lost ambulation had significantly lower muscle function at baseline (North Star Ambulatory Assessment DMD-RA 23.6 vs. DMD-LA 18.8; p < 0.05). At baseline, healthy boys had significantly greater trabecular bone density at the distal radius /ulna (23%/27%) and distal tibia/fibula (30%/46%) than boys with DMD (p < 0.05). They also had significantly larger diaphyseal tibiae/fibulae (74%/36%) and radii/ulnae (49%/31%) with thicker corticies and consequently greater bone strength. In contrast, boys with DMD had greater cortical density (4%). Over time, there were small significant differences in the rate of change of both muscle and bone parameters between healthy boys and boys with DMD. For both ambulant and non-ambulant boys with DMD the greatest changes in cortical bone were evident at the tibia. After two years boys with DMD had on average, 63% less bone strength than healthy boys. However, the most strikingly significant difference was in trabecular bone density for boys who became non-ambulant. By 2 years non-ambulant DMD boys had 53% less trabecular bone density at distal tibia than their healthy age matched peers compared with boys who remained ambulant who had 27% less trabecular bone density. In conclusion, bone and muscle strength is reduced for all boys with DMD even while they remain ambulant. However, tibia trabecular bone density loss is significantly accelerated in DMD boys who lose independent ambulation compared to DMD boys who remain ambulant despite equivalent levels of corticosteroid exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Crabtree
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Department of Paediatrics, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| | - H Roper
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - N J Shaw
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Department of Paediatrics, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Stimpson G, Chesshyre M, Baranello G, Muntoni F. Lessons Learned From Translational Research in Neuromuscular Diseases: Impact on Study Design, Outcome Measures and Managing Expectation. Front Genet 2021; 12:759994. [PMID: 36687260 PMCID: PMC9855753 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.759994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), two of the most common, child onset, rare neuromuscular disorders, present a case study for the translation of preclinical research into clinical work. Over the past decade, well-designed clinical trials and innovative methods have led to the approval of several novel therapies for SMA and DMD, with many more in the pipeline. This review discusses several features that must be considered during trial design for neuromuscular diseases, as well as other rare diseases, to maximise the possibility of trial success using historic examples. These features include well-defined inclusion criteria, matching criteria, alternatives to placebo-controlled trials and the selection of trial endpoints. These features will be particularly important in the coming years as the investigation into innovative therapy approaches for neuromuscular diseases continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Stimpson
- Developmental Neuroscience Research and Training Department, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Chesshyre
- Developmental Neuroscience Research and Training Department, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Baranello
- Developmental Neuroscience Research and Training Department, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Developmental Neuroscience Research and Training Department, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Francesco Muntoni,
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McDonald CM, Muntoni F, Penematsa V, Jiang J, Kristensen A, Bibbiani F, Goodwin E, Gordish-Dressman H, Morgenroth L, Werner C, Li J, Able R, Trifillis P, Tulinius M. Ataluren delays loss of ambulation and respiratory decline in nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. J Comp Eff Res 2021; 11:139-155. [PMID: 34791888 PMCID: PMC8787621 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2021-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated the effect of ataluren plus standard of care (SoC) on age at loss of ambulation (LoA) and respiratory decline in patients with nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy (nmDMD) versus patients with DMD on SoC alone. Patients & methods: Study 019 was a long-term Phase III study of ataluren safety in nmDMD patients with a history of ataluren exposure. Propensity score matching identified Study 019 and CINRG DNHS patients similar in disease progression predictors. Results & conclusion: Ataluren plus SoC was associated with a 2.2-year delay in age at LoA (p = 0.0006), and a 3.0-year delay in decline of predicted forced vital capacity to <60% in nonambulatory patients (p = 0.0004), versus SoC. Ataluren plus SoC delays disease progression and benefits ambulatory and nonambulatory patients with nmDMD. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01557400.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre & MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children Foundation Trust, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Joel Jiang
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System & the George Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lauren Morgenroth
- Therapeutic Research in Neuromuscular Disorders Solutions, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - James Li
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Már Tulinius
- Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Duong T, Canbek J, Fernandez-Fernandez A, Henricson E, Birkmeier M, Siener C, Rocha CT, McDonald C, Gordish-Dressman H. Knee Strength and Ankle Range of Motion Impacts on Timed Function Tests in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: In the Era of Glucocorticoids. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 9:147-159. [PMID: 34719507 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-210724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disorder that presents in childhood and is characterized by slowly progressive proximal weakness and lower extremity contractures that limit ambulatory ability [1, 2]. Contractures develop in the ankles, knees, and hips due to muscle imbalances, fibrotic changes, loss of strength, and static positioning [2, 5]. Currently, standards of care guidelines emphasize the importance of maintaining good musculoskeletal alignment through stretching, bracing, and glucocorticoid (GC) therapy to preserve strength and function. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data through the CINRG Duchenne Natural history study (DNHS). The objectives of this analysis are to understand the progression of ankle contractures for individuals with DMD and to investigate the relationship between progressive lower limb contractures, knee strength, and Timed Function Tests.A collection of TFTs including supine to stand (STS), 10 meter walk test (10MWT), and timed stair climbing (4SC) have been used to monitor disease progression and are predictive of loss of ambulation in these patients [4]. Multiple factors contribute to loss of ambulation, including progressive loss of strength and contracture development that leads to changing biomechanical demands for ambulation. A better understanding of the changes in strength and range of motion (ROM) that contribute to loss of function is important in a more individualized rehabilitation management plan. In this longitudinal study, we measured strength using quantitative muscle testing (QMT) with the CINRG Quantitative Measurement System (CQMS)), ROM was measuresed with a goniometer and TFTs were measured using a standard stopwatch and methodology. RESULTS We enrolled 440 participants; mean baseline age was 8.9 (2.1, 28.0) years with 1321 observations used for analysis. GC use was stratified based on duration on drug with 18.7%at < 6 months or naïve; 4.3%<1 year; 58.0%1 < 10 years; and 19.3%between 10-25 years of GC use. Ankle ROM was better for those on GC compared to GC naive but did not significantly influence long-term progression rates. QMT, ROM, age and GCs contribute to speed of TFTs. Knee extension (KE) strength and Dorsiflexion (DF) ROM are significant predictors of speed for all TFTs (p < 0.001). Of the variables used in this analysis, KE strength is the primary predictor of walking speed, estimating that every pound increase in KE results in a 0.042 m/s improvement in 10MWT, and a smaller similar increase of 0.009 m/s with every degree of ankle DF ROM. CONCLUSION GC use provides an improvement in strength and ROM but does not affect rate of change. Knee strength has a greater influence on speed of TFTs than DF ROM, although both are statistically significant predictors of speed. Results show that retaining knee strength [1, 2], along with joint flexibility, may be important factors in the ability to perform walking, climbing and supine to stand activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Duong
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation, Stanford Healthcare, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Canbek
- Physical Therapy Department, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | | | - Erik Henricson
- University of California, Davis, Department of Neurology, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Marisa Birkmeier
- Department of Health, Human Function, and Rehabilitation Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine Siener
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carolina Tesi Rocha
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Craig McDonald
- University of California, Davis, Department of Neurology, Sacramento, CA USA
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Clinical outcome assessments in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy: past, present and future. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:1028-1037. [PMID: 34412961 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Scores and scales used in pediatric motor development for neuromuscular disorders have evolved greatly since the beginning of their development. In this review we provide a brief history of scales used in pediatric patients with neuromuscular disorders and an update regarding the advancement of the scales commonly used in patients with spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We focus on the collaborative effort that has led to the development of outcomes and speak to the possible future of Clinical Outcome Assessments.
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46
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Mendell JR, Khan N, Sha N, Eliopoulos H, McDonald CM, Goemans N, Mercuri E, Lowes LP, Alfano LN. Comparison of Long-term Ambulatory Function in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Treated with Eteplirsen and Matched Natural History Controls. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 8:469-479. [PMID: 33523015 PMCID: PMC8385516 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare, X-linked, fatal, degenerative neuromuscular disease caused by DMD gene mutations. A relationship between exon skipping and dystrophin production in exon 51-amenable patients treated with eteplirsen (EXONDYS 51®) is established. Once-weekly eteplirsen significantly increased dystrophin, with slower decline in ambulatory function compared to baseline. Long-term treatment with eteplirsen leads to accumulation of dystrophin over time and observed functional benefits in patients with DMD. Objective: Compare long-term ambulatory function in eteplirsen-treated patients versus controls. Methods: Study 201/202 included 12 eteplirsen-treated patients assessed twice/year for ambulatory function over 4 years. Ambulatory evaluations (6-minute walk test [6MWT], loss of ambulation, and North Star Ambulatory Assessment [NSAA]) were compared with matched controls from Italian Telethon and Leuven registries. Results: At Years 3 and 4, eteplirsen-treated patients demonstrated markedly greater mean 6MWT than controls (difference in change from baseline of 132 m [95%CI (29, 235), p = 0.015] at Year 3 and 159 m [95%CI (66, 253), p = 0.002] at Year 4). At Year 4, a significantly greater proportion of eteplirsen-treated patients were still ambulant versus controls (10/12 vs 3/11; p = 0.020). At Year 3, eteplirsen-treated patients demonstrated milder NSAA decline versus controls (difference in change from baseline of 2.6, 95%CI [-6, 11]), however, the difference was not statistically significant; Year 4 control NSAA data were not available. Conclusion: In this retrospective matched control study, eteplirsen treatment resulted in attenuation of ambulatory decline over a 4-year observation period, supporting long-term benefit in patients with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry R Mendell
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Navid Khan
- Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nanshi Sha
- Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Craig M McDonald
- University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,Centro Clinico Nemo, Italy.,Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda P Lowes
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lindsay N Alfano
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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Marden JR, Santos C, Pfister B, Able R, Lane H, Somma M, Zhao J, Signorovitch J, Parsons J, Apkon S. Steroid switching in dystrophinopathy treatment: a US chart review of patient characteristics and clinical outcomes. J Comp Eff Res 2021; 10:1065-1078. [PMID: 34275333 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2021-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To describe reasons for switching from prednisone/prednisolone to deflazacort and associated clinical outcomes among patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD and BMD, respectively) in the USA. Methods: A chart review of patients with DMD (n = 62) or BMD (n = 30) who switched from prednisone to deflazacort (02/2017-12/2018) collected demographic/clinical characteristics, reasons for switching, outcomes and common adverse events. Results: The mean ages at switch were 20.1 (DMD) and 9.2 (BMD) years. The primary physician-reported reasons for switching were 'to slow disease progression' (DMD: 83%, BMD: 79%) and 'tolerability' (67 and 47%). Switching was 'very' or 'somewhat' effective at addressing the primary reasons in 90-95% of patients. Conclusion: Physician-reported outcomes were consistent with deflazacort addressing patients' primary reasons for switching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian Pfister
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | - Richard Able
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | - Henry Lane
- Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA 02199, USA
| | | | - Jing Zhao
- Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA 02199, USA
| | | | | | - Susan Apkon
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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48
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Careccia G, Saclier M, Tirone M, Ruggieri E, Principi E, Raffaghello L, Torchio S, Recchia D, Canepari M, Gorzanelli A, Ferrara M, Castellani P, Rubartelli A, Rovere-Querini P, Casalgrandi M, Preti A, Lorenzetti I, Bruno C, Bottinelli R, Brunelli S, Previtali SC, Bianchi ME, Messina G, Vénéreau E. Rebalancing expression of HMGB1 redox isoforms to counteract muscular dystrophy. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/596/eaay8416. [PMID: 34078746 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay8416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive muscle wasting associated to oxidative stress and persistent inflammation. It is essential to deepen our knowledge on the mechanism connecting these two processes because current treatments for MDs have limited efficacy and/or are associated with side effects. Here, we identified the alarmin high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a functional link between oxidative stress and inflammation in MDs. The oxidation of HMGB1 cysteines switches its extracellular activities from the orchestration of tissue regeneration to the exacerbation of inflammation. Extracellular HMGB1 is present at high amount and undergoes oxidation in patients with MDs and in mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 3 (LGMDR3) compared to controls. Genetic ablation of HMGB1 in muscles of DMD mice leads to an amelioration of the dystrophic phenotype as evidenced by the reduced inflammation and muscle degeneration, indicating that HMGB1 oxidation is a detrimental process in MDs. Pharmacological treatment with an engineered nonoxidizable variant of HMGB1, called 3S, improves functional performance, muscle regeneration, and satellite cell engraftment in dystrophic mice while reducing inflammation and fibrosis. Overall, our data demonstrate that the balance between HMGB1 redox isoforms dictates whether skeletal muscle is in an inflamed or regenerating state, and that the nonoxidizable form of HMGB1 is a possible therapeutic approach to counteract the progression of the dystrophic phenotype. Rebalancing the HMGB1 redox isoforms may also be a therapeutic strategy for other disorders characterized by chronic oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Careccia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Tissue Regeneration and Homeostasis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marielle Saclier
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Tirone
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Chromatin Dynamics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Ruggieri
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Tissue Regeneration and Homeostasis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Principi
- Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Lizzia Raffaghello
- Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Torchio
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Recchia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Canepari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gorzanelli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Chromatin Dynamics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Ferrara
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Tissue Regeneration and Homeostasis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Castellani
- Unità di Biologia Cellulare, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Rubartelli
- Unità di Biologia Cellulare, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Immunity, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Isabella Lorenzetti
- Division of Neuroscience and Inspe, Neuromuscular Repair Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Bruno
- Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Bottinelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.,ICS-Maugeri (IRCCS), Scientific Institute of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Brunelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Stefano Carlo Previtali
- Division of Neuroscience and Inspe, Neuromuscular Repair Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Emilio Bianchi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Chromatin Dynamics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emilie Vénéreau
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Tissue Regeneration and Homeostasis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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49
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The Interplay of Mitophagy and Inflammation in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070648. [PMID: 34357020 PMCID: PMC8307817 DOI: 10.3390/life11070648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked neuromuscular disease caused by a pathogenic disruption of the DYSTROPHIN gene that results in non-functional dystrophin protein. DMD patients experience loss of ambulation, cardiac arrhythmia, metabolic syndrome, and respiratory failure. At the molecular level, the lack of dystrophin in the muscle results in myofiber death, fibrotic infiltration, and mitochondrial dysfunction. There is no cure for DMD, although dystrophin-replacement gene therapies and exon-skipping approaches are being pursued in clinical trials. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the first cellular changes seen in DMD myofibers, occurring prior to muscle disease onset and progresses with disease severity. This is seen by reduced mitochondrial function, abnormal mitochondrial morphology and impaired mitophagy (degradation of damaged mitochondria). Dysfunctional mitochondria release high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can activate pro-inflammatory pathways such as IL-1β and IL-6. Impaired mitophagy in DMD results in increased inflammation and further aggravates disease pathology, evidenced by increased muscle damage and increased fibrosis. This review will focus on the critical interplay between mitophagy and inflammation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy as a pathological mechanism, as well as describe both candidate and established therapeutic targets that regulate these pathways.
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50
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Contreras O, Rossi FMV, Theret M. Origins, potency, and heterogeneity of skeletal muscle fibro-adipogenic progenitors-time for new definitions. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:16. [PMID: 34210364 PMCID: PMC8247239 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated muscle is a highly plastic and regenerative organ that regulates body movement, temperature, and metabolism-all the functions needed for an individual's health and well-being. The muscle connective tissue's main components are the extracellular matrix and its resident stromal cells, which continuously reshape it in embryonic development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors are enigmatic and transformative muscle-resident interstitial cells with mesenchymal stem/stromal cell properties. They act as cellular sentinels and physiological hubs for adult muscle homeostasis and regeneration by shaping the microenvironment by secreting a complex cocktail of extracellular matrix components, diffusible cytokines, ligands, and immune-modulatory factors. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors are the lineage precursors of specialized cells, including activated fibroblasts, adipocytes, and osteogenic cells after injury. Here, we discuss current research gaps, potential druggable developments, and outstanding questions about fibro-adipogenic progenitor origins, potency, and heterogeneity. Finally, we took advantage of recent advances in single-cell technologies combined with lineage tracing to unify the diversity of stromal fibro-adipogenic progenitors. Thus, this compelling review provides new cellular and molecular insights in comprehending the origins, definitions, markers, fate, and plasticity of murine and human fibro-adipogenic progenitors in muscle development, homeostasis, regeneration, and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Contreras
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, 2052, Australia.
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-ChileUC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Fabio M V Rossi
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Marine Theret
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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