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Li X, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang P, Zhang Q. Double Hyperautofluorescence Rings as a Sign of CFAP410-related Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:44. [PMID: 38153748 PMCID: PMC10756245 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Variants in CFAP410 have been reported to cause retinal dystrophy with or without systemic symptoms. This study was designed to characterize the fundus changes of patients with biallelic variants in CFAP410. Methods Variants in CFAP410 were identified through whole exome sequencing and targeted exome sequencing of 10,530 probands. Biallelic variants in CFAP410 were evaluated by comprehensive in silico analysis and confirmed by Sanger sequencing and segregation analysis. Ocular phenotypes including fundus photographs, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, autofluorescence images, ERG, and optical coherence tomography were characterized. Results Nine patients from eight families were homozygotes or compound heterozygotes for a total of four variants in CFAP410, including c.144-6_159del (novel), c.340_351dup, c.347C>T, and c.545+1G>A. Three patients were diagnosed with cone-rod dystrophy, and the remaining six patients with RP. Among eight patients performed with ultra-wide scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, double hyperautofluorescence rings inside and outside of the macular vascular arcades were observed in six patients, and the remaining two older patients demonstrated single hyperautofluorescence ring surrounded by pigmentation. CFAP410-associated retinopathy in early stage was generally tapetoretinal degeneration without noticeable bone spicule pigmentation, with more severe degeneration in the inferior nasal retina. ERG recordings delineated a severely reduced cone response and mildly to severely reduced rod response. Posterior staphyloma was seen in seven patients who underwent optical coherence tomography examinations. Conclusions The present study demonstrates the fundus characteristics of patients with biallelic variants in CFAP410 and expands the genotype-phenotype spectrum of CFAP410-related retinal degeneration, in which posterior staphyloma together with double hyperautofluorescence rings might be common peculiar signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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Yang S, Li Y, Yang L, Guo Q, You Y, Lei B. Pathogenicity and functional analysis of CFAP410 mutations causing cone-rod dystrophy with macular staphyloma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1216427. [PMID: 37901396 PMCID: PMC10601463 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1216427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) caused by pathogenic variants in CFAP410 is a very rare disease. The mechanisms by which the variants caused the disease remained largely unknown. CFAP410 pathogenic variants were identified in a cone-rod dystrophy with macular staphyloma patient. We explored the pathogenicity and performed functional analysis of two compound heterozygous mutations. Methods A 6-year-old boy complained decreased vision for 1 year, underwent ocular examinations together with systemic X-ray check. Blood sample was taken for targeted next generation sequencing (Tg-NGS). Pathogenicity of identified variants was determined by ACMG guideline. Mutated plasmids were constructed and transferred to HEK293T cells. Cell cycle, protein stability, and protein ubiquitination level was measured. Results The best-corrected visual acuity of proband was 0.20 bilaterally. Fundus showed macular staphyloma and uneven granular pigment disorder in the periphery of the retina. SS-OCT showed thinning and atrophy of the outer retina, residual ellipsoid zone (EZ) in the fovea. Scotopic and photopic ERG responses severe reduced. Two heterozygous missense pathogenic variants, c.319 T > C (p.Tyr107His) and c.347 C > T (p.Pro116Leu) in exon 4 of the CFAP410, were found and were pathogenic by the ACMG guideline. In vitro, pathogenic variants affect cell cycle. Immunofluorescence and western blotting showed that the mutant proteins decreased expression levels protein stability. Meanwhile, co-IP data suggested that ubiquitination level was altered in cells transferred with the mutated plasmids. Conclusion Compound heterozygous pathogenic variants c.319 T > C and c.347 C > T in CFAP410 caused CORD with macular staphyloma. The pathogenic mechanisms may be associated with alternations of protein stability and degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Yang
- Henan University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya Li
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingge Guo
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya You
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Henan University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Shinbashi M, Jewell A, Randolph J, Couser N. C21orf2 variants causing inherited retinal disease: A review of what we know and a report of two new suspected cases. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7110. [PMID: 36950666 PMCID: PMC10025249 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in the C21orf2 (CFAP410) gene have recently been associated with the development of retinitis pigmentosa, an inherited condition characterized by degeneration of the retina. In this article, we describe 34 previously reported cases of C21orf2 variant-associated retinopathies and present two new suspected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan Shinbashi
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineVirginiaRichmondUSA
| | - Ann Jewell
- Department of Human and Molecular GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineVirginiaRichmondUSA
| | - Jessica Randolph
- Department of Human and Molecular GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineVirginiaRichmondUSA
- Department of OphthalmologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineVirginiaRichmondUSA
- Department of PediatricsVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCUVirginiaRichmondUSA
| | - Natario Couser
- Department of Human and Molecular GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineVirginiaRichmondUSA
- Department of OphthalmologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineVirginiaRichmondUSA
- Department of PediatricsVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCUVirginiaRichmondUSA
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Sundberg CA, Lakk M, Paul S, Figueroa KP, Scoles DR, Pulst SM, Križaj D. The RNA-binding protein and stress granule component ATAXIN-2 is expressed in mouse and human tissues associated with glaucoma pathogenesis. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:537-552. [PMID: 34350994 PMCID: PMC8716417 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyglutamine repeat expansions in the Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) gene were first implicated in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2, a disease associated with degeneration of motor neurons and Purkinje cells. Recent studies linked single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene to elevated intraocular pressure in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG); yet, the localization of ATXN2 across glaucoma-relevant tissues of the vertebrate eye has not been thoroughly examined. This study characterizes ATXN2 expression in the mouse and human retina, and anterior eye, using an antibody validated in ATXN2-/- retinas. ATXN2-ir was localized to cytosolic sub compartments in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) somata and proximal dendrites in addition to GABAergic, glycinergic, and cholinergic amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and displaced amacrine cells. Human, but not mouse retinas showed modest immunolabeling of bipolar cells. ATXN2 immunofluorescence was prominent in the trabecular meshwork and pigmented and nonpigmented cells of the ciliary body, with analyses of primary human trabecular meshwork cells confirming the finding. The expression of ATXN2 in key POAG-relevant ocular tissues supports the potential role in autophagy and stress granule formation in response to ocular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A. Sundberg
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Monika Lakk
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sharan Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Karla P. Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Daniel R. Scoles
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Stefan M. Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David Križaj
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Dao D, Xie B, Nadeem U, Xiao J, Movahedan A, D’Souza M, Leone V, Hariprasad SM, Chang EB, Sulakhe D, Skondra D. High-Fat Diet Alters the Retinal Transcriptome in the Absence of Gut Microbiota. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082119. [PMID: 34440888 PMCID: PMC8392173 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between retinal disease, diet, and the gut microbiome has shown increasing importance over recent years. In particular, high-fat diets (HFDs) are associated with development and progression of several retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. However, the complex, overlapping interactions between diet, gut microbiome, and retinal homeostasis are poorly understood. Using high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of whole retinas, we compare the retinal transcriptome from germ-free (GF) mice on a regular diet (ND) and HFD to investigate transcriptomic changes without influence of gut microbiome. After correction of raw data, 53 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 19 were upregulated and 34 were downregulated in GF-HFD mice. Key genes involved in retinal inflammation, angiogenesis, and RPE function were identified. Enrichment analysis revealed that the top 3 biological processes affected were regulation of blood vessel diameter, inflammatory response, and negative regulation of endopeptidase. Molecular functions altered include endopeptidase inhibitor activity, protease binding, and cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity. Human and mouse pathway analysis revealed that the complement and coagulation cascades are significantly affected by HFD. This study demonstrates novel data that diet can directly modulate the retinal transcriptome independently of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (D.D.); (J.X.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (B.X.); (M.D.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Urooba Nadeem
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Jason Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (D.D.); (J.X.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Asad Movahedan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06437, USA;
| | - Mark D’Souza
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (B.X.); (M.D.)
| | - Vanessa Leone
- Department of Animal Biologics and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Department of Medicine, Microbiome Medicine Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Seenu M. Hariprasad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (D.D.); (J.X.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Department of Medicine, Microbiome Medicine Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Dinanath Sulakhe
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Dimitra Skondra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (D.D.); (J.X.); (S.M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Peixoto E, Richard S, Pant K, Biswas A, Gradilone SA. The primary cilium: Its role as a tumor suppressor organelle. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113906. [PMID: 32169416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary cilium is an organelle that nearly all cells within the body contain. Its function is to sense the extracellular environment through its abundance of receptors and linked signaling pathways, working as an antenna. Ciliary defects lead to different pathologies. In particular, many tumors lose primary cilia, and this is linked with negative implications for the cell such as an increase in malignancy. In this work we will go through the knowledge of the role of primary cilia in normal conditions, how it is involved in diverse signaling pathways, and in disease, particularly in cancer, highlighting its tumor suppressor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estanislao Peixoto
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Seth Richard
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Kishor Pant
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Aalekhya Biswas
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Sergio A Gradilone
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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