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Troke N, Logar‐Henderson C, DeBono N, Dakouo M, Hussain S, MacLeod JS, Demers PA. Incidence of acute myocardial infarction in the workforce: Findings from the Occupational Disease Surveillance System. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:338-357. [PMID: 33682182 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased risks of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may be attributable to the workplace, however, associations are not well-established. Using the Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS), we sought to estimate associations between occupation and industry of employment and AMI risk among workers in Ontario, Canada. METHODS The study population was derived by linking provincial accepted lost-time workers' compensation claims data, to inpatient hospitalization records. Workers aged 15-65 years with an accepted non-AMI compensation claim were followed for an AMI event between 2007 and 2016. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each industry and occupation group, compared to all other workers in the cohort. Sex-stratified analyses were also performed. RESULTS In all, 24,514 incident cases of AMI were identified among 1,502,072 Ontario workers. Increased incidence rates of AMI were found across forestry (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.19-1.58) and wood processing (HR 1.50, 1.27-1.77) job-titles. Elevated rates were also detected within industries and occupations both broadly related to mining and quarrying (HR 1.52, 1.17-1.97), trucking (HR 1.32, 1.27-1.38), construction (HR 1.32, 1.14-1.54), and the manufacturing and processing of metal (HR 1.41, 1.19-1.68), textile (HR 1.41, 1.07-1.88), non-metallic mineral (HR 1.30, 0.82-2.07), and rubber and plastic (HR 1.42, 1.27-1.60) products. Female food service workers also had elevated AMI rates (HR 1.36, 1.23-1.51). CONCLUSION This study found occupational variation in AMI incidence. Future studies should examine work-related hazards possibly contributing to such excess risks, like noise, vibration, occupational physical activity, shift work, and chemical and particulate exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Troke
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Chloë Logar‐Henderson
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Nathan DeBono
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mamadou Dakouo
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Selena Hussain
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jill S. MacLeod
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Paul A. Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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GHAHRAMANI R, AGHILINEJAD M, KERMANI-ALGHORAISHI M, ROOHAFZA H, TALAEI M, SARRAFZADEGAN N, SADEGHI M. Occupational categories and cardiovascular diseases incidences: a cohort study in Iranian population. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2020; 61:E290-E295. [PMID: 32803013 PMCID: PMC7419113 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.2.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction In spite of traditional cardiovascular risk factor, the different occupations can play an important role in cardiovascular disease (CVDs) incidence. We aimed to assess the correlation between the occupational classes, based on the International Standard Classification of Occupation (ISCO), and CVDs in Iran as a developing country. Methods We followed the 2440 men, aged 35-65 years and without history of CVDs over fourteen years; 2001 to 2015 during the Isfahan Cohort Study. ISCO was used to classify occupations into 10 categories. Incidence rates of ischemic heart diseases and stroke were recorded. Socioeconomic demographic data including marital state, income and place of living and metabolic risk factors were also recorded. Results The mean age was 46.97 ± 8.31 years old. 272 cardiovascular events (CVEs) were recorded that unstable angina was the highest recorded with 49% prevalence and the fatal stroke had the lowest outbreak (1%). The unemployed/jobless group and elementary occupations (9th ISCO category) had higher and lower relative frequency in CVEs respectively. There was non-significant decrease in CVEs in all of categories except of 4th (clerical support workers) and 10th (armed forces) groups in comparison to unemployed/jobless subjects (P > 0.05). After considering of the group 7 as a reference group (most absolute CVEs frequency), in fully adjustment analysis group 4 had significant risk for CVEs (P = 0.04). Conclusions This study indicates that working as clerical support workers (4th ISCO category) is associated with higher significant risk for IHD and stroke incidence in comparison to craft and related trades workers (7th group of ISCO).
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Affiliation(s)
- R. GHAHRAMANI
- Occupational Medicine Research Center (OMRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M. AGHILINEJAD
- Occupational Medicine Research Center (OMRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - M. KERMANI-ALGHORAISHI
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - H.R. ROOHAFZA
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M. TALAEI
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - N. SARRAFZADEGAN
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M. SADEGHI
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Correspondence: Masoumeh Sadeghi, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran - Tel. +98-9134091776, +98-3136115210 - E-mail:
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Kersten N, Backé E. Occupational noise and myocardial infarction: considerations on the interrelation of noise with job demands. Noise Health 2015; 17:116-22. [PMID: 25774615 PMCID: PMC4918664 DOI: 10.4103/1463-1741.153403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present analysis aims to differentiate the association of noise on myocardial infarction (MI) by job specific demands using International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)-88 codes as a proxy. Data of a German case-control study were supplemented by job descriptions (indicated by ISCO-88). It was examined whether the demands in the various occupational groups modify the effect of noise. Noise and occupational groups are combined to form new exposure categories. Conditional logistic regression models were fitted to identify effects of combined job-noise categories. For the highest noise range (95-124 dB(A)) we found a significant odds-ratio (OR) of 2.18 (confidence interval [CI]0.95 = 1.17-4.05) independent of the profession. Some interesting results were found indicating ISCO groups with possible risk. In men, noticeable effects for the exposure category between 62 dB(A) and 84 dB(A) are calculated in the group of legislators and senior officials (ISCO-group 11; OR=1.93; CI0.95 = 0.50-7.42), the group consisting of life science and health professionals (ISCO-group 22; OR=2.18; CI0.95 = 0.36-13.1), the group of life science and health associate professionals (ISCO-group 32; OR = 2.03; CI0.95 = 0.50-8.24), and the group of “precision, handicraft, printing, and related trades workers” (ISCO-group 73; OR = 2.67; CI0.95 = 0.54-13.0). In the exposure range of 85-94 dB(A), high ORs are calculated for “skilled agricultural, fishery, and forestry workers” (ISCO-group 6; OR = 4.31; CI0.95 = 0.56-33.3). In women, there are high (nonsignificant) ORs in ISCO-group 1 (OR = 2.43; CI0.95 = 0.12-50.0), ISCO-group 2 (OR = 1.80; CI0.95 = 0.31-10.5), and ISCO-group 9 (OR = 2.45; CI0.95 = 0.63-9.51) for a noise exposure between 62 dB(A) and 84 dB(A). When investigating noise at the workplace in relation to cardiovascular diseases it is important to take the specific requirements of a job into account. Thus, work tasks with high health risks can be identified that helps to develop appropriate prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Kersten
- Department of Work and Health, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Berlin, Germany
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Mirmohammadi SJ, Taheri M, Mehrparvar AH, Heydari M, Saadati Kanafi A, Mostaghaci M. Occupational stress and cardiovascular risk factors in high-ranking government officials and office workers. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e11747. [PMID: 25389469 PMCID: PMC4221995 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.11747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are among the most important sources of mortality and morbidity, and have a high disease burden. There are some major well-known risk factors, which contribute to the development of these diseases. Occupational stress is caused due to imbalance between job demands and individual's ability, and it has been implicated as an etiology for cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to evaluate the cardiovascular risk factors and different dimensions of occupational stress in high-ranking government officials, comparing an age and sex-matched group of office workers with them. PATIENTS AND METHODS We invited 90 high-ranking officials who managed the main governmental offices in a city, and 90 age and sex-matched office workers. The subjects were required to fill the occupational role questionnaire (Osipow) which evaluated their personal and medical history as well as occupational stress. Then, we performed physical examination and laboratory tests to check for cardiovascular risk factors. Finally, the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors and occupational stress of two groups were compared. RESULTS High-ranking officials in our study had less work experience in their current jobs and smoked fewer pack-years of cigarette, but they had higher waist and hip circumference, higher triglyceride level, more stress from role overload and responsibility, and higher total stress score. Our group of office workers had more occupational stress because of role ambiguity and insufficiency, but their overall job stress was less than officials. CONCLUSIONS The officials have higher scores in some dimensions of occupational stress and higher overall stress score. Some cardiovascular risk factors were also more frequent in managers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Taheri
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mahmoud Taheri, Department of Occupational Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3516229193, Fax: +98-3516229194, E-mail:
| | - Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Heydari
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Ali Saadati Kanafi
- Department of Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mostaghaci
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
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Hassali MA, Mohamad Yahaya AH, Shafie AA, Saleem F, Chua GN, Aljadhey H. Patterns and predictors of non-prescription medicine use among Malaysian pharmacy patrons: a national cross sectional study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59231. [PMID: 23573195 PMCID: PMC3616008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aims to evaluate the predictors of non-prescription medicine purchasing patterns among pharmacy patrons in Malaysia. Methods A cross-sectional nationwide study was undertaken in 2011 in sixty randomly selected community pharmacies across 14 Malaysian states. A pharmacy exit survey was conducted over a 6-month period across Malaysia. A one-stage random cluster sampling technique was employed as there was no national sampling framework available for conducting this survey. Face-to-face interviews using a validated and pre-tested questionnaire were conducted by trained data collectors. The non-prescription medicine purchasing pattern was explored and analysed descriptively. Chi-square/Fisher exact test was used to determine the association between study variables. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of type of non-prescription medicine purchased. Results A total of 2729 pharmacy patrons agreed to participate in 60 selected pharmacy outlets. A total of 3462 non-prescription medicine were purchased during the study period with an average of 1.3 medicines per participant. Most of the non-prescription medicine purchased was meant for alimentary tract and metabolism (31.8%), followed by respiratory system (19.4%) and musculoskeletal system (15.8%) usage. Factors found to be associated with the choice of non-prescription medicine purchased were age group [χ2 = 170.75, (df = 57), p<0.01], locality [χ2 = 48.16, (df = 19), p<0.01], gender [χ2 = 32.93, (df = 13), p = 0.002], ethnic group [χ2 = 118.89, (df = 39), p<0.01] and type of occupation [χ2 = 222.434, (df = 117), p<0.01]. Non-prescription medicine purchased defined about 20% of the variance in the combination of predictors such as locality, gender, age, ethnicity, type of occupation and household income. Conclusion The predictors for selection of non-prescription medicine were locality (urban or rural), gender, age, ethnicity, type of occupation and household income per month. Future studies need to explore the safety and effectiveness of using these non-prescription medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Azmi Hassali
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Haniff Mohamad Yahaya
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Asrul Akmal Shafie
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Fahad Saleem
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Gin Nie Chua
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hisham Aljadhey
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chen JD, Cheng TJ, Lin YC, Hsiao ST. Job categories and acute ischemic heart disease: a hospital-based, case-control study in Taiwan. Am J Ind Med 2007; 50:409-14. [PMID: 17450543 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies of the relationship between work and acute ischemic heart disease (IHD) were performed in western populations, and the extent to which their findings hold in Asian populations is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between job categories and non-fatal, first episodes of acute IHD in Taipei, Taiwan. METHODS A hospital-based, case-control design was used. Cases were patients with a first episode of non-fatal acute IHD who were admitted to the department of cardiology. Two controls without known cardiovascular disease were matched to each case for age, gender, and date of admission. A total of 119 cases and 238 controls were enrolled between April and September 2004. RESULTS Compared with white-collar workers, blue-collar workers had a 5.3-fold (95% CI: 1.5, 18.5) increased risk of a first episode of non-fatal acute IHD, while self-employed workers and managers/professionals had a slightly lower odds ratio of 0.6 (95% CI: 0.1, 2.4) and 0.5 (95% CI: 0.1, 2.2), respectively. Hypertension, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and sleep disturbance were significant risk factors for acute IHD. A clustering of the cardiovascular risk factors was found in blue-collar workers. CONCLUSIONS Blue-collar workers had a 5.3-fold increased risk of a first event of non-fatal acute IHD compared with white-collar workers, and this increased risk was associated with a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Dar Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Malinauskiene V, Theorell T, Grazuleviciene R, Malinauskas R, Azaraviciene A. Low job control and myocardial infarction risk in the occupational categories of Kaunas men, Lithuania. J Epidemiol Community Health 2004; 58:131-5. [PMID: 14729894 PMCID: PMC1732681 DOI: 10.1136/jech.58.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the association between adverse psychosocial characteristics at work and risk of first myocardial infarction in the occupational categories of Kaunas men, Lithuania. DESIGN The analysis was based upon a case-control study among full time working men in the general population of Kaunas. OUTCOME MEASURE First non-fatal myocardial infarction diagnosed in 2001-2002. The Swedish version of the demand-control questionnaire was used to examine the effect of job control and demands. SETTING Kaunas, the second largest city in Lithuania, a former socialist country in a transition market economy. PARTICIPANTS Cases were 203 men 25-64 years of age with a first non-fatal myocardial infarction and controls were 287 men group randomly selected from the study base. MAIN RESULTS Low job control had a significant effect on myocardial infarction risk in the general 25-64 year old Kaunas male population (OR = 2.68; 95% CI 1.68 to 4.28) after adjustment for age and socioeconomic status. Low job control was a risk factor in the occupational categories of the increased myocardial infarction risk (1st occupational category--legislators, senior officials and managers and the 8th--plant and machine operators and assemblers; OR = 2.78; 95% CI 1.31 to 5.93 and 2.72; 95% CI 1.56 to 4.89, respectively, after adjustment for age and socioeconomic status). Though the adjusted odds ratio estimates were significantly high for the rest of the occupational categories (2nd--professionals, 3rd--technicians and associate professionals, and 7th--craft and related trades workers). CONCLUSIONS The association between low job control and first myocardial infarction risk was significant for all occupational categories of Kaunas men.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Malinauskiene
- Department of Psychology, Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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