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Dydak P, Sozańska B. Exposure to farm environment and its correlations with total IgE, IL-13, and IL-33 serum levels in patients with atopy and asthma. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:33-40. [PMID: 37695228 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i5.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate total immunoglobulin E (IgE), IL-13, and IL-33 serum level in people with bronchial asthma and atopy, and in healthy control group depending on their exposure to farm animals currently and in the first year of life. METHODS The study included 174 individuals living in rural areas and in a small town. Standardized questions from the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood and The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaires were used to define asthma. Atopic status was verified by skin prick tests. Rural exposure including contact with livestock was verified by adequate questionnaire. Total serum IgE, IL-13, and IL-33 levels were assessed by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) tests. RESULTS Participants with atopy and bronchial asthma were characterized by high level of immunoglobulin E. Tendency to lower serum IgE level was observed among people reporting present contact with farm animals. Also, among those having contact with livestock in their first year of life, the analogous tendency was noticed. No difference in serum IL-13 levels in participants with asthma and atopy, and controls was observed, and there was no effect of exposure on farm animals on the concentration of IL-13. The highest IL-33 level was found in the atopic group, and the lowest in the control group. Participants currently exposed to farm animals were predisposed to have lower IL-33 serum level. CONCLUSION Exposure of farm animals currently and in first year of life may result in a lower level of total IgE. Correlation between IL-13 and IL-33 serum levels and contact with livestock was not confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Dydak
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Barbara Sozańska
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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2
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Lotterman A, Baliatsas C, de Rooij MMT, Huss A, Jacobs J, Dückers M, Boender GJ, McCarthy C, Heederik D, Hagenaars TJ, Yzermans CJ, Smit LAM. Increased risk of pneumonia amongst residents living near goat farms in different livestock-dense regions in the Netherlands. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286972. [PMID: 37405987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies, performed between 2009-2019, in the Netherlands observed an until now still unexplained increased risk for pneumonia among residents living close to goat farms. Since data were collected in the provinces Noord-Brabant and Limburg (NB-L), an area with relatively high air pollution levels and proximity to large industrial areas in Europe, the question remains whether the results are generalizable to other regions. In this study, a different region, covering the provinces Utrecht, Gelderland, and Overijssel (UGO) with a similar density of goat farms, was included to assess whether the association between goat farm proximity and pneumonia is consistently observed across the Netherlands. METHODS Data for this study were derived from the Electronic Health Records (EHR) of 21 rural general practices (GPs) in UGO, for 2014-2017. Multi-level analyses were used to compare annual pneumonia prevalence between UGO and data derived from rural reference practices ('control area'). Random-effects meta-analysis (per GP practice) and kernel analyses were performed to study associations of pneumonia with the distance between goat farms and patients' home addresses. RESULTS GP diagnoses of pneumonia occurred 40% more often in UGO compared to the control area. Meta-analysis showed an association at a distance of less than 500m (~70% more pneumonia compared to >500m) and 1000m (~20% more pneumonia compared to >1000m). The kernel-analysis for three of the four individual years showed an increased risk up to a distance of one or two kilometers (2-36% more pneumonia; 10-50 avoidable cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year). CONCLUSIONS The positive association between living in the proximity of goat farms and pneumonia in UGO is similar to the previously found association in NB-L. Therefore, we concluded that the observed associations are relevant for regions with goat farms in the entire country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniek Lotterman
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christos Baliatsas
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Myrna M T de Rooij
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - José Jacobs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michel Dückers
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Dick Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - C Joris Yzermans
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lidwien A M Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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3
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van Kersen W, Bossers A, de Steenhuijsen Piters WAA, de Rooij MMT, Bonten M, Fluit AC, Heederik D, Paganelli FL, Rogers M, Viveen M, Bogaert D, Leavis HL, Smit LAM. Air pollution from livestock farms and the oropharyngeal microbiome of COPD patients and controls. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107497. [PMID: 36088872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution from livestock farms is known to affect respiratory health of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mechanisms behind this relationship, however, remain poorly understood. We hypothesise that air pollutants could influence respiratory health through modulation of the airway microbiome. Therefore, we studied associations between air pollution exposure and the oropharyngeal microbiota (OPM) composition of COPD patients and controls in a livestock-dense area. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 99 community-based (mostly mild) COPD cases and 184 controls (baseline), and after 6 and 12 weeks. Participants were non-smokers or former smokers. Annual average livestock-related outdoor air pollution at the home address was predicted using dispersion modelling. OPM composition was analysed using 16S rRNA-based sequencing in all baseline samples and 6-week and 12-week repeated samples of 20 randomly selected subjects (n = 323 samples). A random selection of negative control swabs, taken every sampling day, were also included in the downstream analysis. Both farm-emitted endotoxin and PM10 levels were associated with increased OPM richness in COPD patients (p < 0.05) but not in controls. COPD case-control status was not associated with community structure, while correcting for known confounders (multivariate PERMANOVA p > 0.05). However, members of the genus Streptococcus were more abundant in COPD patients (Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p < 0.01). Moderate correlation was found between ordinations of 20 subjects analysed at 0, 6, and 12 weeks (Procrustes r = 0.52 to 0.66; p < 0.05; Principal coordinate analysis of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity), indicating that the OPM is relatively stable over a 12 week period and that a single sample sufficiently represents the OPM. Air pollution from livestock farms is associated with OPM richness of COPD patients, suggesting that the OPM of COPD patients is susceptible to alterations induced by exposure to air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warner van Kersen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alex Bossers
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter A A de Steenhuijsen Piters
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Myrna M T de Rooij
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Bonten
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ad C Fluit
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Malbert Rogers
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Viveen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Debby Bogaert
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Leavis
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lidwien A M Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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One Health: Flächen im Lebensumfeld von Mensch und Tier und ihre Auswirkungen auf Allergie und Asthma. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-022-5015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Pali‐Schöll I, Bianchini R, Afify SM, Hofstetter G, Winkler S, Ahlers S, Altemeier T, Mayerhofer H, Hufnagl K, Korath ADJ, Pranger C, Widhalm R, Hann S, Wittek T, Kasper‐Giebl A, Pacios LF, Roth‐Walter F, Vercelli D, von Mutius E, Jensen‐Jarolim E. Secretory protein beta-lactoglobulin in cattle stable dust may contribute to the allergy-protective farm effect. Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12125. [PMID: 35169442 PMCID: PMC8840802 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing up on a cattle farm and consuming raw cow's milk protects against asthma and allergies. We expect a cattle-specific protein as active component in this farm effect. METHODS Dust was collected from cattle and poultry stables and from mattresses of households. Urine was obtained from cattle, and ambient aerosols were sampled. Samples were analysed for BLG by SDS PAGE/immunoblot and mass spectrometry, and for association with metals by SEC-ICP-MS. PBMC of healthy donors were incubated with BLG +/- zinc, and proliferation and cytokines determined. BALB/c mice were pre-treated intranasally with stable dust extract containing BLG or depleted of BLG, and subsequent allergy response after sensitization was evaluated on antibody and symptom level. RESULTS A major protein in dust from cattle farms and ambient air was identified as BLG. Urine from female and male cattle is a major source of BLG. In dust samples, BLG was associated with zinc. In vitro, zinc-BLG provoked significantly lower proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ cells while inducing significantly higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-6 than the apo-BLG devoid of zinc. In vivo, pre-treatment of mice with dust extract containing BLG resulted in lower allergy symptom scores to BLG and unrelated Bet v 1 than pre-treatment with extract depleted of BLG. These in vitro and in vivo effects were independent of endotoxin. CONCLUSION The lipocalin BLG is found in large amounts in cattle urine, accumulates in bovine dust samples and is aerosolized around farms. Its association with zinc favorably shapes the human cellular immune response towards Th1-cytokines in vitro. BLG together with zinc in stable dust protects mice from allergic sensitization. BLG with its associated ligands may in an innate manner contribute to the allergy-protective farm effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Pali‐Schöll
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology; Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sheriene Moussa Afify
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
- Laboratory Medicine and Immunology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineMenoufia UniversityMenoufiaEgypt
| | - Gerlinde Hofstetter
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Simona Winkler
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Stella Ahlers
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Theresa Altemeier
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Hanna Mayerhofer
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Karin Hufnagl
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Anna D. J. Korath
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christina Pranger
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology; Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Raimund Widhalm
- Institute of Medical GeneticsMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Karl‐Landsteiner Private University for Health SciencesKremsAustria
| | - Stephan Hann
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU‐ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Wittek
- University Clinic for RuminantsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Anne Kasper‐Giebl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU‐WienViennaAustria
| | - Luis F. Pacios
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM‐INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM and Departmento de Biotecnología‐Biología Vegetal, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Franziska Roth‐Walter
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology; Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Donata Vercelli
- Arizona Respiratory CenterUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Asthma and Allergy DepartmentDr. von Hauner Children's HospitalUniversity of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Erika Jensen‐Jarolim
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology; Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
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Der Farmeffekt revisited: vom β-Lactoglobulin mit Zink im Kuhstallstaub zur Anwendung. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-021-4820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Alkotob SS, Cannedy C, Harter K, Movassagh H, Paudel B, Prunicki M, Sampath V, Schikowski T, Smith E, Zhao Q, Traidl‐Hoffmann C, Nadeau KC. Advances and novel developments in environmental influences on the development of atopic diseases. Allergy 2020; 75:3077-3086. [PMID: 33037680 DOI: 10.1111/all.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although genetic factors play a role in the etiology of atopic disease, the rapid increases in the prevalence of these diseases over the last few decades suggest that environmental, rather than genetic factors are the driving force behind the increasing prevalence. In modern societies, there is increased time spent indoors, use of antibiotics, and consumption of processed foods and decreased contact with farm animals and pets, which limit exposure to environmental allergens, infectious parasitic worms, and microbes. The lack of exposure to these factors is thought to prevent proper education and training of the immune system. Increased industrialization and urbanization have brought about increases in organic and inorganic pollutants. In addition, Caesarian birth, birth order, increased use of soaps and detergents, tobacco smoke exposure and psychosomatic factors are other factors that have been associated with increased rate of allergic diseases. Here, we review current knowledge on the environmental factors that have been shown to affect the development of allergic diseases and the recent developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifaa Suhayl Alkotob
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Cade Cannedy
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Katharina Harter
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐TTechnical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
| | - Hesam Movassagh
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Bibek Paudel
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Mary Prunicki
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF‐Leibniz Institute for Environmental Medicine Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Eric Smith
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- IUF‐Leibniz Institute for Environmental Medicine Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl‐Hoffmann
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐TTechnical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
- CK‐CARE Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
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8
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Post PM, Houthuijs D, Sterk HAM, Marra M, van de Kassteele J, van Pul A, Smit LAM, van der Hoek W, Lebret E, Hogerwerf L. Proximity to livestock farms and exposure to livestock-related particulate matter are associated with lower probability of medication dispensing for obstructive airway diseases. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 231:113651. [PMID: 33129168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to assess whether medication use for obstructive airway diseases is associated with environmental exposure to livestock farms. Previous studies in the Netherlands at a regional level suggested that asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are less prevalent among persons living near livestock farms. METHODS A nationwide population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 7,735,491 persons, with data on the dispensing of drugs for obstructive airway diseases in the Netherlands in 2016. Exposure was based on distances between home addresses and farms and on modelled atmospheric particulate matter (PM10) concentrations from livestock farms. Data were analysed for different regions by logistic regression analyses and adjusted for several individual-level variables, as well as modelled PM10 concentration of non-farm-related air pollution. Results for individual regions were subsequently pooled in meta-analyses. RESULTS The probability of medication for asthma or COPD being dispensed to adults and children was lower with decreasing distance of their homes to livestock farms, particularly cattle and poultry farms. Increased concentrations of PM10 from cattle were associated with less dispensing of medications for asthma or COPD, as well (meta-analysis OR for 10th-90th percentile increase in concentration of PM10 from cattle farms, 95%CI: 0.92, 0.86-0.97 for adults). However, increased concentrations of PM10 from non-farm sources were positively associated (meta-analysis OR for 10th-90th percentile increase in PM10-concentration, 95%CI: 1.29, 1.09-1.52 for adults). CONCLUSIONS The results show that the probability of dispensing medication for asthma or COPD is inversely associated with proximity to livestock farms and modelled exposure to livestock-related PM10 in multiple regions within the Netherlands. This finding implies a notable prevented risk: under the assumption of absence of livestock farms in the Netherlands, an estimated 2%-5% more persons (an increase in tens of thousands) in rural areas would receive asthma or COPD medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim M Post
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508, TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Danny Houthuijs
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrika A M Sterk
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marten Marra
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jan van de Kassteele
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Addo van Pul
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lidwien A M Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508, TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van der Hoek
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Lebret
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508, TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lenny Hogerwerf
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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9
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de Rooij MMT, Smit LAM, Erbrink HJ, Hagenaars TJ, Hoek G, Ogink NWM, Winkel A, Heederik DJJ, Wouters IM. Endotoxin and particulate matter emitted by livestock farms and respiratory health effects in neighboring residents. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:105009. [PMID: 31387023 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living in livestock-dense areas has been associated with health effects, suggesting airborne exposures to livestock farm emissions to be relevant for public health. Livestock farm emissions involve complex mixtures of various gases and particles. Endotoxin, a pro-inflammatory agent of microbial origin, is a constituent of livestock farm emitted particulate matter (PM) that is potentially related to the observed health effects. Quantification of livestock associated endotoxin exposure at residential addresses in relation to health outcomes has not been performed earlier. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess exposure-response relations for a range of respiratory endpoints and atopic sensitization in relation to livestock farm associated PM10 and endotoxin levels. METHODS Self-reported respiratory symptoms of 12,117 persons participating in a population-based cross-sectional study were analyzed. For 2494 persons, data on lung function (spirometry) and serologically assessed atopic sensitization was additionally available. Annual-average PM10 and endotoxin concentrations at home addresses were predicted by dispersion modelling and land-use regression (LUR) modelling. Exposure-response relations were analyzed with generalized additive models. RESULTS Health outcomes were generally more strongly associated with exposure to livestock farm emitted endotoxin compared to PM10. An inverse association was observed for dispersion modelled exposure with atopic sensitization (endotoxin: p = .004, PM10: p = .07) and asthma (endotoxin: p = .029, PM10: p = .022). Prevalence of respiratory symptoms decreased with increasing endotoxin concentration at the lower range, while at the higher range prevalence increased with increasing concentration (p < .05). Associations between lung function parameters with exposure to PM10 and endotoxin were not statistically significant (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to livestock farm emitted particulate matter is associated with respiratory health effects and atopic sensitization in non-farming residents. Results indicate endotoxin to be a potentially plausible etiologic agent, suggesting non-infectious aspects of microbial emissions from livestock farms to be important with respect to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna M T de Rooij
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Lidwien A M Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas J Hagenaars
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Nico W M Ogink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Winkel
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | - Dick J J Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Inge M Wouters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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10
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Liu D, Mariman R, Gerlofs-Nijland ME, Boere JF, Folkerts G, Cassee FR, Pinelli E. Microbiome composition of airborne particulate matter from livestock farms and their effect on innate immune receptors and cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:1298-1307. [PMID: 31726559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Patients with respiratory diseases in rural areas have been reported to have enhanced responsiveness to ambient particulate matter (PM). In addition to the physical and chemical components, ambient PM can contain microorganisms or parts thereof, referred here as BioPM, that can also contribute to the adverse health effects. This study aimed to characterize the microbial composition of BioPM originating from livestock, and to investigate whether these BioPM can trigger the activation of innate receptors and cells. Coarse (PM2.5-10 μm) and fine (PM<2.5 μm) BioPM samples were collected from indoor chicken, pig and goat farms using the versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) connected to a Biosampler. The fungal and bacterial communities were assessed with an amplicon based approach using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). In parallel, HEK-Blue cells expressing different pattern recognition receptors (Toll like receptors (TLR) 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and NOD 1, 2) and a human monocytic cell line (MM6) were exposed to BioPM samples from these sites. Distinct airborne microbiota profiles associated with the corresponding animal farm were observed. Moreover, the various BioPM contained mainly ligands for TLR2 and TLR4 resulting in a concentration-dependent increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by MM6 cells. In addition, we show for the first time that only the pig-derived BioPM induced TLR5 activation. These findings suggest that animal farm specific BioPM trigger distinct inflammatory responses, which may contribute to airway diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyu Liu
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rob Mariman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | - John F Boere
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elena Pinelli
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
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Deckers J, Lambrecht BN, Hammad H. How a farming environment protects from atopy. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 60:163-169. [PMID: 31499321 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is now well established that the exposure to certain environments such as farms has the potential to protect from the development of allergies later in life. This protection is achieved when repeated exposure to the farming environment occurs early in life, but persists when children spend sufficient amount of time in contact with livestock and hay, and drink unpasteurized milk. The capacity of farm dust to protect from allergy development lies, amongst others, in the microbe composition in the farm. These protective microbes release various metabolites and cell wall components that change farmers' home dust composition, when compared to urbanized home dust. Additionally, they can colonize various barrier sites (skin, lung, intestine) in farmers' children, leading to persistent changes in the way their immune system and their barrier cells respond to environmental allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Deckers
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Rooij MMT, Hoek G, Schmitt H, Janse I, Swart A, Maassen CBM, Schalk M, Heederik DJJ, Wouters IM. Insights into Livestock-Related Microbial Concentrations in Air at Residential Level in a Livestock Dense Area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7746-7758. [PMID: 31081619 PMCID: PMC6611074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microbial air pollution from livestock farms has raised concerns regarding public health. Little is known about airborne livestock-related microbial levels in residential areas. We aimed to increase insights into this issue. Air measurements were performed in 2014 and 2015 at 61 residential sites in The Netherlands. Quantitative-PCR was used to assess DNA concentrations of selected bacteria (commensals: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp.; a zoonotic pathogen: Campylobacter jejuni) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes ( tetW, mecA) in airborne dust. Mixed models were used to explore spatial associations (temporal adjusted) with livestock-related characteristics of the surroundings. DNA from commensals and AMR genes was detectable even at sites furthest away from farms (1200 m), albeit at lower levels. Concentrations, distinctly different between sites, were strongly associated with the density of farms in the surroundings especially with poultry and pigs. C. jejuni DNA was less prevalent (42% of samples positive). Presence of C. jejuni was solely associated with poultry (OR: 4.7 (95% CI: 1.7-14), high versus low poultry density). Residential exposure to livestock-related bacteria and AMR genes was demonstrated. Identified associations suggest contribution of livestock farms to microbial air pollution in general and attribution differences between farm types. This supports the plausibility of recent studies showing health effects in relation to residential proximity to farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna M. T. de
Rooij
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht
University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Phone: +31302532539; e-mail:
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht
University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Heike Schmitt
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht
University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
- National
Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ingmar Janse
- National
Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Swart
- National
Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina B. M. Maassen
- National
Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn Schalk
- National
Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J. J. Heederik
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht
University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M. Wouters
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht
University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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