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Delgado V, Ajmone Marsan N, de Waha S, Bonaros N, Brida M, Burri H, Caselli S, Doenst T, Ederhy S, Erba PA, Foldager D, Fosbøl EL, Kovac J, Mestres CA, Miller OI, Miro JM, Pazdernik M, Pizzi MN, Quintana E, Rasmussen TB, Ristić AD, Rodés-Cabau J, Sionis A, Zühlke LJ, Borger MA. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of endocarditis. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:3948-4042. [PMID: 37622656 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
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Firiana L, Siswanto BB, Yonas E, Prakoso R, Pranata R. Factors Affecting Mortality in Patients with Blood-Culture Negative Infective Endocarditis. Int J Angiol 2020; 29:12-18. [PMID: 32132811 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3402744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis retains high morbidity and mortality rates despite recent advances in diagnostics, pharmacotherapy, and surgical intervention. Risk stratification in endocarditis patients, including blood-culture negative endocarditis, is crucial in deciding the optimal management strategy; however, the studies investigating risk stratification in these patients were lacking despite the difference with blood-culture positive endocarditis. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality in blood-culture negative infective endocarditis patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta in blood-culture negative infective endocarditis patients from 2013 to 2015. Patient characteristics, clinical parameters, echocardiographic parameters, and clinical complications were collected from medical records and hospital information systems. There were 146 patients that satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criteria out of 162 patients with blood-culture infective endocarditis. The in-hospital mortality rate was 13.5%. On bivariate analyses, factors that were related to in-hospital mortality include New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III and IV heart failure ( p = 0.007), history of hypertension ( p = 0.021), stroke during hospitalization ( p < 0.001), the decline in renal function ( p < 0.001), and surgery ( p = 0.028). Variables that were independently associated with mortality upon multivariate analysis were heart failure NYHA functional class III and IV (OR 7.56, p = 0.011), worsening kidney function (OR 10.23, p < 0.001), and stroke during hospitalization (OR 8.92, p = 0.001). Presence of heart failure with NYHA functional class III and IV, worsening kidney function, and stroke during hospitalization were independently associated with in-hospital mortality in blood-culture infective endocarditis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lira Firiana
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta
| | - Bambang Budi Siswanto
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta
| | - Emir Yonas
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Yarsi, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Radityo Prakoso
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta
| | - Raymond Pranata
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia
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Blanchard V, Pagis B, Richaud R, Moronval F, Lutinier R, Gallais K, Le Goanvic C, Fontan A, Girardot S, Ah-Kang F, Atger O, Iung B, Lavie-Badie Y. Infective endocarditis in French Polynesia: Epidemiology, treatments and outcomes. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 113:252-262. [PMID: 32070729 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND French Polynesia is a French overseas collectivity in the South Pacific Ocean, where data on infective endocarditis (IE) are lacking. AIMS To investigate the epidemiology and outcomes of IE in French Polynesia. METHODS All hospital records from consecutive patients hospitalized in Taaone Hospital, Tahiti, from 2015 to 2018, with an International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, separation diagnosis of IE (I330), were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS From 190 hospital charts reviewed, 105 patients with a final diagnosis of IE, confirmed according to the modified Duke criteria, were included. The median duration of follow-up was 71 days (interquartile range 18-163 days). The mean age was 55±17 years, and there were 68 men (65%). Thirty-five patients (33%) had a history of rheumatic carditis and 43 (41%) had a prosthetic valve. There were 40 (38%) cases of staphylococcal IE, 32 (30%) of streptococcal IE and six (6%) of enterococcal IE. Cardiogenic shock, septic shock and clinically relevant cerebral complications were strongly associated with death from any cause (hazard ratio [HR] 16.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.45-52.05 [P<0.001]; HR 2.62, 95% CI 1.23-5.56 [P=0.01]; and HR 4.14, 95% CI 1.92-8.92 [P<0.001], respectively). Seventy-three patients (69%) had a theoretical indication for surgery, which was performed in 38 patients (36%). Lack of surgery when there was a theoretical indication was significantly associated with death (HR 6.93, 95% CI 3.47-13.83; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The pattern of IE in French Polynesia differs from Western countries in many ways. Postrheumatic valvular disease remains the main underlying disease, and access to emergency heart surgery is still a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Blanchard
- Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France; Cardiac Imaging Centre, Toulouse University Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France; Heart Valve Centre, Toulouse University Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Pagis
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | - Rainui Richaud
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | - Fréderic Moronval
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | - Renaud Lutinier
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | - Katell Gallais
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | | | - Anthony Fontan
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | - Sylvain Girardot
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | - Florence Ah-Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | - Olivier Atger
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | - Bernard Iung
- Department of Cardiology, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, DHU Fire, Université de Paris, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Yoan Lavie-Badie
- Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France; Cardiac Imaging Centre, Toulouse University Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France; Heart Valve Centre, Toulouse University Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France.
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Damasco PV, Correal JCD, Cruz-Campos ACD, Wajsbrot BR, Cunha RGD, Fonseca AGD, Castier MB, Fortes CQ, Jazbick JC, Lemos ERSD, Rossen JW, Leão RDS, Hirata Junior R, Guaraldi ALDM. Epidemiological and clinical profile of infective endocarditis at a Brazilian tertiary care center: an eight-year prospective study. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e2018375. [PMID: 31188916 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0375-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infective endocarditis (IE) is a systemic infectious disease requiring a multidisciplinary team for treatment. This study presents the epidemiological and clinical data of 73 cases of IE in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS This observational prospective cohort study of endocarditis patients during an eight-year study period described 73 episodes of IE in 70 patients (three had IE twice). Community-associated (CAIE) and healthcare-acquired infective endocarditis (HAIE) were diagnosed according to the modified Duke criteria. The collected data included demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics, including results of blood cultures, echocardiographic findings, surgical interventions, and outcome. RESULTS Analysis of data from the eight-year study period and 73 cases (70 patients) of IE showed a mean age of 46 years (SD=2.5 years; 1-84 years) and that 65.7% were male patients. The prevalence of CAIE and HAIE was 32.9% and 67.1%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus (30.1%), Enterococcus spp. (19.1%), and Streptococcus spp. (15.0%) were the prevalent microorganisms. The relevant signals and symptoms were fever (97.2%; mean 38.6 + 0.05°C) and heart murmur (87.6%). Vegetations were observed in the mitral (41.1%) and aortic (27.4%) valves. The mortality rate of the cases was 47.9%. CONCLUSIONS In multivariate analysis, chronic renal failure (relative risk [RR]= 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-2.55), septic shock (RR= 2.19; 95% CI 1.499-3.22), and age over 60 years (RR= 2.28; 95% CI 1.44-3.59) were indirectly associated with in-hospital mortality. The best prognosis was related to the performance of cardiovascular surgery (hazard ratio [HR]= 0.51; 95% CI 0.26-0.99).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Vieira Damasco
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Julio Cesar Delgado Correal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Da Cruz-Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Bruno Reznik Wajsbrot
- Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Guimarães da Cunha
- Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Márcia Bueno Castier
- Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Claudio Querido Fortes
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - João Carlos Jazbick
- Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | - Robson de Souza Leão
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Raphael Hirata Junior
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ana Luíza de Mattos Guaraldi
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Baseline C-reactive protein levels and prognosis in patients with infective endocarditis: A prospective cohort study. Indian Heart J 2018; 70 Suppl 3:S43-S49. [PMID: 30595302 PMCID: PMC6309136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis and risk-stratification among infective endocarditis (IE) patients are limited by poor microbiological yield and inadequate characterization of vegetations. A simple tool that can predict adverse outcomes in the early phase of management is required. Aim To study the prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at admission and its role in predicting various clinical outcomes. Methods In a prospective study of consecutive IE patients diagnosed by modified Duke’s criteria, we measured the peak levels of CRP and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in the first 3 days of admission and correlated it with in-hospital mortality, six-month mortality, embolic phenomena and the need for urgent surgery. Predefined laboratory-microbiological sampling protocols and antibiotic-initiation protocols were followed. Receiver-operating-characteristics curves were generated to identify a reliable cut-off for CRP in predicting various outcomes. Results Out of 101 patients who were treated, 85 patients had ‘definite’ IE. Blood cultures were positive in 55% (n = 39); and Staphylococcus species was the most common organism. Major complications occurred in 74.1% (n = 63) and in-hospital mortality was 32.9% (n = 28). Mean ESR and CRP levels were 102 ± 31 mm/h and 51 ± 20 mg/l, respectively. In multivariable analysis, high CRP levels were independently predictive of mortality, major complications, embolic events and need for urgent surgery. A CRP >40 mg/l predicted adverse outcomes with a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 99%. Conclusion The study shows that baseline CRP level in the first 3 days of admission is a strong predictor of short term adverse outcomes in IE patients, and a useful marker for early risk stratification.
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Kim KJ, Lee KW, Choi JH, Sohn JW, Kim MJ, Yoon YK. A massive haemothorax as an unusual complication of infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus sanguinis. Acta Clin Belg 2016; 71:253-7. [PMID: 27075785 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2015.1105608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE Infective endocarditis involving the tricuspid valve is an uncommon condition, and a consequent haemothorax associated with pulmonary embolism is extremely rare. Particularly, there are no guidelines for the management of this complication. We describe a rare case of pulmonary embolism and infarction followed by a haemothorax due to infective endocarditis of the tricuspid valve caused by Streptococcus sanguinis. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 25-year-old man with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) presented with fever. On physical examination, his body temperature was 38.8 °C, and a grade III holosystolic murmur was heard. A chest X-ray did not reveal any specific findings. A transoesophageal echocardiogram showed a perimembranous VSD and echogenic material attached to the tricuspid valve. All blood samples drawn from three different sites yielded growth of pan-susceptible S. sanguinis in culture bottles. On day 12 of hospitalization, the patient complained of pleuritic chest pain without fever. Physical examination revealed reduced breathing sounds and dullness in the lower left thorax. On his chest computed tomography scan, pleural effusion with focal infarction and pulmonary embolism were noted on the left lower lung. Thoracentesis indicated the presence of a haemothorax. INTERVENTION Our case was successfully treated using antibiotic therapy alone with adjunctive chest tube insertion, rather than with anticoagulation therapy for pulmonary embolism or cardiac surgery. CONCLUSION When treating infective endocarditis caused by S. sanguinis, clinicians should include haemothorax in the differential diagnosis of patients complaining of sudden chest pain.
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Bergin SP, Holland TL, Fowler VG, Tong SYC. Bacteremia, Sepsis, and Infective Endocarditis Associated with Staphylococcus aureus. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2015; 409:263-296. [PMID: 26659121 DOI: 10.1007/82_2015_5001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE) are important causes of morbidity and mortality associated with Staphylococcus aureus infections. Increasing exposure to healthcare, invasive procedures, and prosthetic implants has been associated with a rising incidence of S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) and IE since the late twentieth century. S. aureus is now the most common cause of bacteremia and IE in industrialized nations worldwide and is associated with excess mortality when compared to other pathogens. Central tenets of management include identification of complicated bacteremia, eradicating foci of infection, and, for many, prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Evolving multidrug resistance and limited therapeutic options highlight the many unanswered clinical questions and urgent need for further high-quality clinical research.
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