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Carr ER, Higgins PB, McClenaghan NH, Flatt PR, McCloskey AG. MicroRNA regulation of islet and enteroendocrine peptides: Physiology and therapeutic implications for type 2 diabetes. Peptides 2024; 176:171196. [PMID: 38492669 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with dysregulation of glucoregulatory hormones, including both islet and enteroendocrine peptides. Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA sequences which post transcriptionally inhibit protein synthesis by binding to complementary messenger RNA (mRNA). Essential for normal cell activities, including proliferation and apoptosis, dysregulation of these noncoding RNA molecules have been linked to several diseases, including diabetes, where alterations in miRNA expression within pancreatic islets have been observed. This may occur as a compensatory mechanism to maintain beta-cell mass/function (e.g., downregulation of miR-7), or conversely, lead to further beta-cell demise and disease progression (e.g., upregulation of miR-187). Thus, targeting miRNAs has potential for novel diagnostic and therapeutic applications in T2D. This is reinforced by the success seen to date with miRNA-based therapeutics for other conditions currently in clinical trials. In this review, differential expression of miRNAs in human islets associated with T2D will be discussed along with further consideration of their effects on the production and secretion of islet and incretin hormones. This analysis further unravels the therapeutic potential of miRNAs and offers insights into novel strategies for T2D management.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Carr
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Atlantic Technology University, Donegal, Ireland; Department of Life Sciences, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland
| | - P B Higgins
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Atlantic Technology University, Donegal, Ireland
| | - N H McClenaghan
- Department of Life Sciences, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland
| | - P R Flatt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - A G McCloskey
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Atlantic Technology University, Donegal, Ireland.
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Stoleru OA, Burlec AF, Mircea C, Felea MG, Macovei I, Hăncianu M, Corciovă A. Multiple nanotechnological approaches using natural compounds for diabetes management. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:267-287. [PMID: 38932892 PMCID: PMC11196251 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-standing and non-transmissible endocrine disease that generates significant clinical issues and currently affects approximately 400 million people worldwide. The aim of the present review was to analyze the most relevant and recent studies that focused on the potential application of plant extracts and phytocompounds in nanotechnology for the treatment of T2DM. Methods Various databases were examined, including Springer Link, Google Scholar, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Science Direct. The search focused on discovering the potential application of nanoparticulate technologies in enhancing drug delivery of phytocompounds for the mentioned condition. Results Several drug delivery systems have been considered, that aimed to reduce adverse effects, while enhancing the efficiency of oral antidiabetic medications. Plant-based nanoformulations have been highlighted as an innovative approach for DM treatment due to their eco-friendly and cost-effective synthesis methods. Their benefits include targeted action, enhanced availability, stability, and reduced dosage frequency. Conclusions Nanomedicine has opened new opportunities for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of DM. The use of nanomaterials has demonstrated improved outcomes for both T1DM and T2DM. Notably, flavonoids, including substances such as quercetin, naringenin and myricitrin, have been recognized for their enhanced efficacy when delivered through novel nanotechnologies in preventing T2DM onset and associated complications. The perspectives on the addressed subject point to the development of more nanostructured phytocompounds with improved bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozana Andreea Stoleru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana Flavia Burlec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cornelia Mircea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maura Gabriela Felea
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Macovei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica Hăncianu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreia Corciovă
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Sun HY, Lin XY. Analysis of the management and therapeutic performance of diabetes mellitus employing special target. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1721-1737. [PMID: 38222785 PMCID: PMC10784800 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition characterized predominantly by hyperglycemia. The most common causes contributing to the pathophysiology of diabetes are insufficient insulin secretion, resistance to insulin's tissue-acting effects, or a combination of both. Over the last 30 years, the global prevalence of diabetes increased from 4% to 6.4%. If no better treatment or cure is found, this amount might climb to 430 million in the coming years. The major factors of the disease's deterioration include age, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Finding new therapies to manage diabetes safely and effectively without jeopardizing patient compliance has always been essential. Among the medications available to manage DM on this journey are glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, thiazolidinediones, sulphonyl urease, glinides, biguanides, and insulin-targeting receptors discovered more than 10 years ago. Despite the extensive preliminary studies, a few clinical observations suggest this process is still in its early stages. The present review focuses on targets that contribute to insulin regulation and may be employed as targets in treating diabetes since they may be more efficient and secure than current and traditional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
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Zhao TQ, Li Y, Zhang M, Zhao MC, Cao X, Hou SZ. Glycyrrhizic Acid Protects Glomerular Podocytes Induced by High Glucose by Modulating SNARK/AMPK Signaling Pathway. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:696-707. [PMID: 37450070 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most important microvascular complications of diabetes, which mainly refers to glomerular capillary sclerosis. Podocytes are an important part of glomerular capillaries. Previous clinical and basic studies have shown that fibrosis is the main factor of diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed to assess the protective mechanism of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on glomerular podocytes induced by high glucose as we hypothesized that GA may have antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects on podocytes through regulation of the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sucrose nonfermenting AMPK-related kinase (SNARK) signaling pathway. METHODS SNARK siRNA was used to transfect podocytes. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining assays were used for molecular and pathological analysis. The expression levels of key pathway proteins (including TGF-β1, α-SMA, SITR1, AMPKα, LKB1, PGC-1α, NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α) were verified by Western blotting. The expression of inflammatory factors in podocytes was detected by ELISA. RESULTS We demonstrated that GA decreased the expression of podocyte fibrosis signaling pathway-related factors by upregulating the AMPK pathway and its related factors. However, after transfection of podocytes with SNARK siRNA, there was an increased expression of fibrosis-related factors and inflammation-related factors. CONCLUSION GA can protect podocytes and alleviate fibrosis and inflammation induced by high glucose, which is related to the AMPK signaling pathway. Meanwhile, knockdown of SNARK protein can inhibit the AMPK signaling pathway, aggravate fibrosis, and increase inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Qi Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Meng-Chao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xue Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Shao-Zhang Hou
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Guo J, Zheng W, Liu Y, Zhou M, Shi Y, Lei M, Zhang C, Liu Z. Long non-coding RNA DLX6-AS1 is the key mediator of glomerular podocyte injury and albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy by targeting the miR-346/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:172. [PMID: 36854759 PMCID: PMC9975222 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Progressive albuminuria is the primary clinical symptom of diabetic nephropathy (DN), leading to a gradual decline in kidney function. DLX6-AS1 was the first reported long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) to participate in organogenesis and play crucial roles in the brain or neural cell development. Herein, we investigated the DLX6-AS1 (Dlx6-os1 in mice) role in DN pathogenesis. We found that DLX6-AS1 expression in DN patients correlated with the extent of albuminuria. Dlx6-os1 overexpression induced cellular damage and inflammatory responses in cultured podocytes through miR-346-mediated regulation of the GSK-3β pathway. In various established diabetic and newly developed knockout mouse models, Dlx6-os1 knockdown/knockout significantly reduced podocyte injury and albuminuria. The Dlx6-os1 effects were remarkably modulated by miR-346 mimics or mutants and significantly diminished in podocyte-specific GSK-3β-knockout mice. Thus, DLX6-AS1 (Dlx6-os1) promotes DN development by accelerating podocyte injury and inflammation through the upregulation of the GSK-3β pathway, providing a novel molecular target for DN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Nephrology Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
| | - Wen Zheng
- Nephrology Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Nephrology Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Mengwen Zhou
- Nephrology Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- Nephrology Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Min Lei
- Nephrology Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Chaojie Zhang
- Nephrology Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Nephrology Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
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Tan LL, Duan WQ, Chen MX, Mei Y, Qi XY, Zhang Y. Naturally cultured high resistant starch rice improved postprandial glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1019868. [PMID: 36643977 PMCID: PMC9833119 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1019868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the effect of a novel naturally cultured rice with high resistant starch (RS) on postprandial glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to ordinary rice. Design This study is a randomized, double-blinded controlled trial. Methods Patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited, and postprandial glucose levels were measured at 5-time points after the ingestion of one of two types of cooked rice in random order. Paired t-tests were used to compare postprandial blood glucose changes and increment areas under the blood glucose curve between high-RS rice and ordinary rice. Results The increments of the postprandial blood glucose levels for high-RS rice were significantly lower than that for ordinary rice, i.e., 2.80 ± 1.38 mmol/L vs. 3.04 ± 1.50 mmol/L (P = 0.043) and 3.94 ± 2.25 mmol/L vs. 4.25 ± 2.29 mmol/L (P = 0.036) at 30 min and 60 min, respectively. The incremental areas under the blood glucose curve for high-RS rice were also significantly lower than that for ordinary rice, i.e., 42.04 ± 20.65 [mmol/(L·min)] vs. 45.53 ± 22.45 [mmol/(L·min)] (P = 0.043), 143.54 ±69.63 [mmol/(L·min)] vs. 155.15 ± 73.53 [mmol/(L·min)] (P = 0.026), and 354.61 ± 191.96 [mmol/(L·min)] vs. 379.78 ± 195.30 [mmol/(L·min)] (P = 0.042) at 30, 60, and 120 min, respectively. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed that postprandial glucose levels were not affected by the test order. Conclusion The novel high-RS rice as a staple food when substituting for widely consumed ordinary rice may provide potential health benefits by lowering blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-li Tan
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-qian Duan
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng-xue Chen
- Department of Health Management, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Mei
- Department of Health Management, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-ya Qi
- Department of Health Management, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Department of Health Management, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Yong Zhang ✉
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Zhu H, Zhong X. Synthesis of activity evaluation of flavonoid derivatives as ɑ-glucosidase inhibitors. Front Chem 2022; 10:1041328. [DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1041328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Six flavonoid derivatives were synthesized and tested for anti-α-glucosidase activities. All derivatives were confirmed using NMR and HRMS and exhibited excellent inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase. Derivative four exhibited the highest anti-α-glucosidase activity (IC50: 15.71 ± 0.21 μM). Structure-activity relationship results showed that bromine group would be the most beneficial group to anti-α-glucosidase activity. Inhibitory mechnism and inhibition kinetics results showed derivative four was a reversible and mixed-type inhibitor. Molecular docking revealed that derivative four was tightly bind to the amino acid residues of active pocket of α-glucosidase and formed hydrogen bond, π-π stacking, and Pi-Donor hydrogen with α-glucosidase. Moreover, the physicochemical parameters of all derivatives were assessed using SwissADME software. This results also showed that the hybridization of flavonoid and phenylpropionic acid would be a useful strategy for the development of α-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Harris SB, Idzik S, Boasso A, Neunie SQ, Noble AD, Such HE, Van J. The Educational Impact of Web-Based, Faculty-Led Continuing Medical Education Programs in Type 2 Diabetes: A Survey Study to Analyze Changes in Knowledge, Competence, and Performance of Health Care Professionals. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 8:e40520. [PMID: 36102282 PMCID: PMC9617189 DOI: 10.2196/40520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment landscape for type 2 diabetes (T2D) is continually evolving; therefore, ongoing education of health care professionals (HCPs) is essential. There is growing interest in measuring the impact of educational activities, such as through use of the Moore framework; however, data on the benefits of continuing medical education (CME) in the management of T2D remain limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate HCP satisfaction; measure improvements in knowledge, competence, and performance following short, case-based, multidisciplinary web-based CME activities; and identify the remaining educational gaps. METHODS Two faculty-led, CME-accredited, web-based educational activities on T2D and obesity, touchIN CONVERSATION and touch MultiDisciplinary Team, were developed and made available on a free-to-access medical education website. Each activity comprised 3 videos lasting 10 to 15 minutes, which addressed learning objectives developed based on a review of published literature and faculty feedback. Participant satisfaction (Moore level 2) was evaluated using a postactivity questionnaire. For both activities, changes in knowledge and competence (Moore levels 3 and 4) were assessed using questionnaires completed by representative HCPs before or after participation in the activities. A second set of HCPs completed a questionnaire before and after engaging in activities that assessed changes in self-reported performance (Moore level 5). RESULTS Each activity was viewed by approximately 6000 participants within 6 months. The participants expressed high levels of satisfaction (>80%) with both activities. Statistically significant improvements from baseline in knowledge and competence were reported following participation in touchIN CONVERSATION (mean score, SD before vs after activity: 4.36, 1.40 vs 5.42, 1.37; P<.001), with the proportion of learners answering at least six of 7 questions correctly, increasing from 22% (11/50) to 60% (30/50). A nonsignificant improvement in knowledge and competence was observed following participation in touch MultiDisciplinary Team (mean score, SD 4.36, 1.24 vs 4.58, 1.07; P=.35); however, baseline knowledge and competence were relatively high, where 80% of the respondents (40/50) answered at least four of 6 questions correctly. A significant improvement in HCP self-reported performance was observed in a combined analysis of both activities (mean score, SD 2.65, 1.32 vs 3.15, 1.26; P=.03), with the proportion of learners selecting the answer representing the best clinical option for all 4 questions increasing from 32% (11/34) to 59% (20/34) after the activity. Several unmet educational needs were self-reported or identified from the analysis of incorrectly answered questions, including setting individualized glycemic targets and the potential benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor therapies. CONCLUSIONS Short, case-based, web-based CME activities designed for HCPs to fit their clinical schedules achieved improvements in knowledge, competence, and self-reported performance in T2D management. Ongoing educational needs identified included setting individualized glycemic targets and the potential benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart B Harris
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon Idzik
- University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Joanna Van
- University Clinical Investigators (d.b.a. Diabetes Research Center), Tustin, CA, United States
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Zhang X, Zheng YY, Hu CM, Wu XZ, Lin J, Xiong Z, Zhang K, Xu XT. Synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin derivatives containing oxime ester as α-glucosidase inhibitors. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Ogata K, Moriyama M, Matsumura-Kawashima M, Kawado T, Yano A, Nakamura S. The Therapeutic Potential of Secreted Factors from Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Various Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051049. [PMID: 35625786 PMCID: PMC9138802 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells has recently been discovered: dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), including deciduous teeth, which can thus comprise potential tools for regenerative medicine. DPSCs derive from the neural crest and are normally implicated in dentin homeostasis. The clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) involving DPSCs contains various limitations, such as high cost, low safety, and cell handling issues, as well as invasive sample collection procedures. Although MSCs implantation offers favorable outcomes on specific diseases, implanted MSCs cannot survive for a long period. It is thus considered that their mediated mechanism of action involves paracrine effects. It has been recently reported that secreted molecules in DPSCs-conditioned media (DPSC-CM) contain various trophic factors and cytokines and that DPSC-CM are effective in models of various diseases. In the current study, we focus on the characteristics of DPSC-CM and their therapeutic potential against various disorders.
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A Practical Review of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Treatment in Primary Care. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 60:14-23. [PMID: 34333891 DOI: 10.2478/rjim-2021-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is becoming more complex as new medications are approved. Primary care providers must maintain their medical knowledge on emerging medications for best patient care. This review simplifies the non-insulin treatments of diabetes with an emphasis on the cardio-renal protectants, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1).
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