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Green J, Tinson RAJ, Betts JHJ, Piras M, Pelut A, Steverding D, Wren SP, Searcey M, Troeberg L. Suramin analogues protect cartilage against osteoarthritic breakdown by increasing levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP-3) in the tissue. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 92:117424. [PMID: 37517101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease affecting millions of people worldwide, with no disease-modifying drugs currently available to treat the disease. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP-3) is a potential therapeutic target in osteoarthritis because of its ability to inhibit the catabolic metalloproteinases that drive joint damage by degrading the cartilage extracellular matrix. We previously found that suramin inhibits cartilage degradation through its ability to block endocytosis and intracellular degradation of TIMP-3 by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), and analysis of commercially available suramin analogues indicated the importance of the 1,3,5-trisulfonic acid substitutions on the terminal naphthalene rings for this activity. Here we describe synthesis and structure-activity relationship analysis of additional suramin analogues using ex vivo models of TIMP-3 trafficking and cartilage degradation. This showed that 1,3,6-trisulfonic acid substitution of the terminal naphthalene rings was also effective, and that the protective activity of suramin analogues depended on the presence of a rigid phenyl-containing central region, with para/para substitution of these phenyl rings being most favourable. Truncated analogues lost protective activity. The physicochemical characteristics of suramin and its analogues indicate that approaches such as intra-articular injection would be required to develop them for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Green
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan A J Tinson
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom; School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob H J Betts
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Piras
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aylin Pelut
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Dietmar Steverding
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Wren
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Searcey
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom.
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Hattori Y, Hasegawa M, Iino T, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Sudo A. Role of Syndecan-4 in the Inhibition of Articular Cartilage Degeneration in Osteoarthritis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2257. [PMID: 37626753 PMCID: PMC10452293 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its widespread existence, there are relatively few drugs that can inhibit the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Syndecan-4 (SDC4) is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that modulates cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix. Upregulated SDC4 expression in articular cartilage chondrocytes correlates with OA progression. In the present study, we treated osteoarthritic cartilage with SDC4 to elucidate its role in the disease's pathology. In this in vitro study, we used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the effects of SDC4 on anabolic and catabolic factors in cultured chondrocytes. In the in vivo study, we investigated the effect of intra-articular injection of SDC4 into the knee joints of an OA mouse model. In vitro, SDC4 upregulated the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3 and downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 in chondrocytes. Injection of SDC4 into the knee joints of OA model mice prevented articular cartilage degeneration 6 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Immunohistochemical analysis 8 weeks after SDC4 injection into the knee joint revealed decreased ADAMTS-5 expression and increased TIMP-3 expression. The results of this study suggest that the treatment of osteoarthritic articular cartilage with SDC4 inhibits cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Hattori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (Y.H.); (T.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Masahiro Hasegawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (Y.H.); (T.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Takahiro Iino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (Y.H.); (T.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Departments of Pathology & Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan;
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (Y.H.); (T.I.); (A.S.)
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Shen PC, Huang SH, Liu ZM, Lu CC, Chou SH, Tien YC. Suramin ameliorates osteoarthritis by acting on the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways in chondrocytes and promoting M2 polarization in macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110295. [PMID: 37182454 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA)-the most prevalent of arthritis diseases-is a complicated pathogenesis caused by cartilage degeneration and synovial inflammation. Suramin has been reported to enhance chondrogenic differentiation. However, the therapeutic effect of suramin on OA-induced cartilage destruction has remained unclear. Suramin is an anti-parasitic drug that has potent anti-purinergic properties. This study investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of suramin on articular cartilage degradation using an in vitro study and mice model with post-traumatic OA. We found that suramin markedly suppressed the IL-1β increased expression of matrix destruction proteases-such as ADAMT4, ADAMTS5, MMP3, MMP13, and inflammatory mediators-including the iNOS, COX2, TNFα, and IL-1β; while greatly enhancing the synthesis of cartilage anabolic factors-such as COL2A1, Aggrecan and SOX9 in IL-1β-induced porcine chondrocytes. In vivo experiments showed that intra-articular injection of suramin ameliorated cartilage degeneration and inhibited synovial inflammation in an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced OA mouse model. In mechanistic studies, we found that exogenous supplementation of suramin can activate Nrf2, and accordingly inhibit the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, thereby alleviating the inflammation and ECM degeneration of chondrocytes stimulated by IL-1β. In addition, suramin also repolarized M1 macrophages to the M2 phenotype, further reducing the apoptosis of chondrocytes. Collectively, the results of the study suggests that suramin is a potential drugs which could serve as a facilitating drug for the application of OA therapy toward clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chih Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medical School, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Miao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medical School, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiang Chou
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chun Tien
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medical School, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Rahman MM, Watton PN, Neu CP, Pierce DM. A chemo-mechano-biological modeling framework for cartilage evolving in health, disease, injury, and treatment. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 231:107419. [PMID: 36842346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a pervasive and debilitating disease, wherein degeneration of cartilage features prominently. Despite extensive research, we do not yet understand the cause or progression of OA. Studies show biochemical, mechanical, and biological factors affect cartilage health. Mechanical loads influence synthesis of biochemical constituents which build and/or break down cartilage, and which in turn affect mechanical loads. OA-associated biochemical profiles activate cellular activity that disrupts homeostasis. To understand the complex interplay among mechanical stimuli, biochemical signaling, and cartilage function requires integrating vast research on experimental mechanics and mechanobiology-a task approachable only with computational models. At present, mechanical models of cartilage generally lack chemo-biological effects, and biochemical models lack coupled mechanics, let alone interactions over time. METHODS We establish a first-of-its kind virtual cartilage: a modeling framework that considers time-dependent, chemo-mechano-biologically induced turnover of key constituents resulting from biochemical, mechanical, and/or biological activity. We include the "minimally essential" yet complex chemical and mechanobiological mechanisms. Our 3-D framework integrates a constitutive model for the mechanics of cartilage with a novel model of homeostatic adaptation by chondrocytes to pathological mechanical stimuli, and a new application of anisotropic growth (loss) to simulate degradation clinically observed as cartilage thinning. RESULTS Using a single set of representative parameters, our simulations of immobilizing and overloading successfully captured loss of cartilage quantified experimentally. Simulations of immobilizing, overloading, and injuring cartilage predicted dose-dependent recovery of cartilage when treated with suramin, a proposed therapeutic for OA. The modeling framework prompted us to add growth factors to the suramin treatment, which predicted even better recovery. CONCLUSIONS Our flexible framework is a first step toward computational investigations of how cartilage and chondrocytes mechanically and biochemically evolve in degeneration of OA and respond to pharmacological therapies. Our framework will enable future studies to link physical activity and resulting mechanical stimuli to progression of OA and loss of cartilage function, facilitating new fundamental understanding of the complex progression of OA and elucidating new perspectives on causes, treatments, and possible preventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul N Watton
- Department of Computer Science & Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Corey P Neu
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - David M Pierce
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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Liu ZM, Shen PC, Lu CC, Chou SH, Tien YC. Suramin enhances chondrogenic properties by regulating the p67 phox/PI3K/AKT/SOX9 signalling pathway. Bone Joint Res 2022; 11:723-738. [PMID: 36222195 PMCID: PMC9582866 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.1110.bjr-2022-0013.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a promising treatment for articular cartilage degeneration and injury; however, it requires a large number of human hyaline chondrocytes, which often undergo dedifferentiation during in vitro expansion. This study aimed to investigate the effect of suramin on chondrocyte differentiation and its underlying mechanism. Methods Porcine chondrocytes were treated with vehicle or various doses of suramin. The expression of collagen, type II, alpha 1 (COL2A1), aggrecan (ACAN); COL1A1; COL10A1; SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9); nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX); interleukin (IL)-1β; tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα); IL-8; and matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13) in chondrocytes at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. In addition, the supplementation of suramin to redifferentiation medium for the culture of expanded chondrocytes in 3D pellets was evaluated. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen production were evaluated by biochemical analyses and immunofluorescence, as well as by immunohistochemistry. The expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NOX activity were assessed by luciferase reporter gene assay, immunofluorescence analysis, and flow cytometry. Mutagenesis analysis, Alcian blue staining, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blot assay were used to determine whether p67phox was involved in suramin-enhanced chondrocyte phenotype maintenance. Results Suramin enhanced the COL2A1 and ACAN expression and lowered COL1A1 synthesis. Also, in 3D pellet culture GAG and COL2A1 production was significantly higher in pellets consisting of chondrocytes expanded with suramin compared to controls. Surprisingly, suramin also increased ROS generation, which is largely caused by enhanced NOX (p67phox) activity and membrane translocation. Overexpression of p67phox but not p67phoxAD (deleting amino acid (a.a) 199 to 212) mutant, which does not support ROS production in chondrocytes, significantly enhanced chondrocyte phenotype maintenance, SOX9 expression, and AKT (S473) phosphorylation. Knockdown of p67phox with its specific short hairpin (sh) RNA (shRNA) abolished the suramin-induced effects. Moreover, when these cells were treated with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) inhibitor LY294002 or shRNA of AKT1, p67phox-induced COL2A1 and ACAN expression was significantly inhibited. Conclusion Suramin could redifferentiate dedifferentiated chondrocytes dependent on p67phox activation, which is mediated by the PI3K/AKT/SOX9 signalling pathway. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(10):723–738.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Miao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chih Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medical School, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiang Chou
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chun Tien
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medical School, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Yin-Chun Tien. E-mail:
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Liu ZM, Lu CC, Shen PC, Chou SH, Shih CL, Chen JC, Tien YC. Suramin attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting NF-κB signalling pathway. Bone Joint Res 2021; 10:498-513. [PMID: 34372688 PMCID: PMC8414441 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.108.bjr-2020-0041.r3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Interleukin (IL)-1β is one of the major pathogenic regulators during the pathological development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, effective treatment options for IDD are limited. Suramin is used to treat African sleeping sickness. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effects of suramin on mitigating IDD and to characterize the underlying mechanism. Methods Porcine nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were treated with vehicle, 10 ng/ml IL-1β, 10 μM suramin, or 10 μM suramin plus IL-1β. The expression levels of catabolic and anabolic proteins, proinflammatory cytokines, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor (NF)-κB-related signalling molecules were assessed by Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence analysis. Flow cytometry was applied to detect apoptotic cells. The ex vivo effects of suramin were examined using IDD organ culture and differentiation was analyzed by Safranin O-Fast green and Alcian blue staining. Results Suramin inhibited IL-1β-induced apoptosis, downregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4, and ADAMTS-5, and upregulated collagen 2A (Col2a1) and aggrecan in IL-1β-treated NP cells. IL-1β-induced inflammation, assessed by IL-1β, IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) upregulation, was alleviated by suramin treatment. Suramin suppressed IL-1β-mediated proteoglycan depletion and the induction of MMP-3, ADAMTS-4, and pro-inflammatory gene expression in ex vivo experiments. Conclusion Suramin administration represents a novel and effectively therapeutic approach, which could potentially alleviate IDD by reducing extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and inhibiting apoptosis and inflammatory responses in the NP cells. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(8):498–513.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Miao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medical School, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chih Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiang Chou
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Shih
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Chih Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yin Chun Tien
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medical School, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Min L, Wu Y, Cao G, Mi D, Chen C. A network pharmacology strategy to investigate the anti-osteoarthritis mechanism of main lignans components of Schisandrae Fructus. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107873. [PMID: 34182246 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic age-related progressive joint disorder. Degradation of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) is considered a hallmark of OA and may be a target for new therapeutic methods. Schisandrae Fructus (SF) has been shown to be effective in treating OA. The major active components of SF are lignans. However, the targets of SF and the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the effects of SF lignans in the treatment of OA have not been elucidated. Therefore, based on network pharmacology, this research predicted the treatment targets of six lignans in SF, constructed a protein-protein interaction network and identified 15 hub genes in the OA-target protein-protein interaction network. Through Gene Ontology function and pathway analyses, the gene functions of lignans in the treatment of OA were determined. Finally, the anti-OA effects of lignans and underlying mechanisms identified in the network pharmacology analysis were verified by molecular docking, real-time PCR and western blotting in vitro. The biological processes of the genes and proteins targeted by lignans in the treatment of OA included the immune response, inflammatory response, cell signal transduction and phospholipid metabolism. Moreover, 20 metabolic pathways were enriched. Network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro and in vivo experimental results revealed that SF, schisanhenol and gamma-schisandrin inhibited EGFR and MAPK14 gene expression by inhibiting SRC gene expression and activity and then decreased MMP 13 and collagen II protein and gene expression. This research provides a basis for further study of the anti-OA effects and mechanisms of SF, schisanhenol and gamma-schisandrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtian Min
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Gang Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Daguo Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226000, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suqian First Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223800, China.
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McClurg O, Tinson R, Troeberg L. Targeting Cartilage Degradation in Osteoarthritis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020126. [PMID: 33562742 PMCID: PMC7916085 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common, degenerative joint disease with significant socio-economic impact worldwide. There are currently no disease-modifying drugs available to treat the disease, making this an important area of pharmaceutical research. In this review, we assessed approaches being explored to directly inhibit metalloproteinase-mediated cartilage degradation and to counteract cartilage damage by promoting growth factor-driven repair. Metalloproteinase-blocking antibodies are discussed, along with recent clinical trials on FGF18 and Wnt pathway inhibitors. We also considered dendrimer-based approaches being developed to deliver and retain such therapeutics in the joint environment. These may reduce systemic side effects while improving local half-life and concentration. Development of such targeted anabolic therapies would be of great benefit in the osteoarthritis field.
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Attri A, Thakur D, Kaur T, Sensale S, Peng Z, Kumar D, Singh RP. Nanoparticles Incorporating a Fluorescence Turn-on Reporter for Real-Time Drug Release Monitoring, a Chemoenhancer and a Stealth Agent: Poseidon's Trident against Cancer? Mol Pharm 2020; 18:124-147. [PMID: 33346663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rate and extent of drug release under physiological conditions is a key factor influencing the therapeutic activity of a formulation. Real-time detection of drug release by conventional pharmacokinetics approaches is confounded by low sensitivity, particularly in the case of tissue-targeted novel drug delivery systems, where low concentrations of the drug reach systemic circulation. We present a novel fluorescence turn-on platform for real-time monitoring of drug release from nanoparticles based on reversible fluorescence quenching in fluorescein esters. Fluorescein-conjugated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were esterified with methotrexate in solution and solid phase, followed by supramolecular functionalization with a chemoenhancer (suramin) or/and a stealth agent (dextran sulfate). Suramin was found to increase the cytotoxicity of methotrexate in A549 cells. On the other hand, dextran sulfate exhibited no effect on cytotoxicity or cellular uptake of CNTs by A549 cells, while a decrease in cellular uptake of CNTs and cytotoxicity of methotrexate was observed in macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells). Similar results were also obtained when CNTs were replaced with graphene. Docking studies revealed that the conjugates are not internalized by folate receptors/transporters. Further, docking and molecular dynamics studies revealed the conjugates do not exhibit affinity toward the methotrexate target, dihydrofolate reductase. Molecular dynamics studies also revealed that distinct features of dextran-CNT and suramin-CNT interactions, characterized by π-π interactions between CNTs and dextran/suramin. Our study provides a simple, cost-effective, and scalable method for the synthesis of nanoparticles conferred with the ability to monitor drug release in real-time. This method could also be extended to other drugs and other types of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Attri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 221, India
| | - Deepak Thakur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 221, India
| | - Taranpreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Government Mohindra College, Patiala, Punjab 147 001, India
| | - Sebastian Sensale
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5637, United States
| | - Zhangli Peng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Quantitative Biology, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Deepak Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 221, India
| | - Raman Preet Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 221, India.,Department of Pharmacy, Government Polytechnic College, Bathinda, Punjab 151 001, India
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Wang X, Cornelis FMF, Lories RJ, Monteagudo S. Exostosin-1 enhances canonical Wnt signaling activity during chondrogenic differentiation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1702-1710. [PMID: 31330188 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exostosin-1 (Ext1) encodes a glycosyltransferase required for heparan sulfate (HS) chain elongation in HS-proteoglycan biosynthesis. HS chains serve as binding partners for signaling proteins, affecting their distribution and activity. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway emerged as critical regulator of chondrogenesis. Yet, how EXT1 and HS affect Wnt/β-catenin signaling during chondrogenesis remains unexplored. METHOD Ext1 was stably knocked-down or overexpressed in ATDC5 chondrogenic cells cultured as micromasses. HS content was determined using ELISA. Chondrogenic markers Sox9, Col2a1, Aggrecan, and Wnt direct target gene Axin2 were measured by RT-qPCR. Proteoglycan content was evaluated by Alcian blue and DMMB assay, canonical Wnt signaling activation by β-catenin Western blot and TOP/FOP assay. ATDC5 cells and human articular chondrocytes were treated with Wnt activators CHIR99021 and recombinant WNT3A. RESULTS Ext1 knock-down reduced HS, and increased chondrogenic markers and proteoglycan accumulation. Ext1 knock-down reduced active Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conversely, Ext1 overexpressing cells, with higher HS content, showed decreased chondrogenic differentiation and enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation led to a down-regulation of Ext1 expression in ATDC5 cells and in human articular chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS EXT1 affects chondrogenic differentiation of precursor cells, in part via changes in the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Wnt/β-catenin signaling controls Ext1 expression, suggesting a regulatory loop between EXT1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling during chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - F M F Cornelis
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - R J Lories
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - S Monteagudo
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Zhou Y, Chen X, Qu N, Zhang B, Xia C. Chondroprotection of PPARα activation by WY14643 via autophagy involving Akt and ERK in LPS-treated mouse chondrocytes and osteoarthritis model. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2782-2793. [PMID: 30729704 PMCID: PMC6433667 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy maintains cellular homoeostasis. The enhancement of autophagy in chondrocytes could prevent osteoarthritis (OA) progression in articular cartilage. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) activation may also protect articular chondrocytes against cartilage degradation in OA. However, whether the protective effect of activated PPARα is associated with autophagy induction in chondrocytes is not determined. In this study, we investigated the effect of PPARα activation by its agonist, WY14643, on the protein expression level of Aggrecan and ADAMTS5, and the protein expression level of autophagy biomarkers, including LC3B and P62, using Western blotting analysis in isolated mouse chondrocytes pre-treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, mimicking OA chondrocytes) with or without the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine diphosphate salt. Furthermore, Akt and ERK phosphorylation was detected in LPS-treated chondrocytes in response to WY14643. In addition, the effect of intra-articularly injected WY14643 on articular cartilage in a mouse OA model established by the destabilization of the medial meniscus was assessed using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) histopathology assessment system, along with the detection of Aggrecan, ADAMTS5, LC3B and P62 protein levels using immunohistochemistry assay. The results indicated that PPARα activation by WY14643 promoted proteoglycan synthesis by autophagy enhancement in OA chondrocytes in vivo and in vitro concomitant with the elevation of Akt and ERK phosphorylation. Therefore, autophagy could contribute to the chondroprotection of PPARα activation by WY14643, with the implication that PPARα activation by WY14643 may be a potential approach for OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ning Qu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chun Xia
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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