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Radoi CL, Cristea OM, Vulcanescu DD, Voinescu A, Dragomir TL, Sima LV, Tanasescu S, Harich OO, Balasoiu AT, Iliescu DG, Zlatian O. Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 among Pregnant Women in South-Western Romania. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:596. [PMID: 38792617 PMCID: PMC11122006 DOI: 10.3390/life14050596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy-related infections with the human herpes simplex virus (HSV) strains HSV-1 and HSV-2 are particularly noteworthy. There are numerous reported examples of intrapartum transmission of herpes infection, notwithstanding the extreme rarity of intrauterine transfer from mother to fetus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies in pregnant women in the western region of Romania. METHODS Pregnant women who presented for routine pregnancy monitoring at Romania's County Clinical Emergency Hospital in Craiova between 2013 and 2016 and 2019 and 2022 were included in the study. In order to find anti-HSV-1/2 IgG antibodies, we conducted serological testing on the patients and gathered demographic information from them. RESULTS HSV-1 seroprevalence was shown to have declined in rural areas and increased in urban areas, with values between 2013 and 2016 being 89.30% and those between 2019 and 2022 being 84.96%, respectively. Women over 35 who were pregnant had the highest seroprevalence. The seroprevalence of HSV-2 decreased from 16.16% in 2013-2016 to 12.43% in 2019-2022, and both rural and urban areas continued to experience this declining trend. Similarly, pregnant women over 35 years old had the highest frequency of HSV-1 infections. CONCLUSIONS Establishing educational programs and other actions to reduce the transmission rate and ultimately the prevalence of the disease can be made easier with knowledge about the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Luiza Radoi
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Oana Mariana Cristea
- Microbiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (O.M.C.); (O.Z.)
| | - Dan Dumitru Vulcanescu
- Department of Microbiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.D.V.); (A.V.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance (MULTI-REZ), Microbiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adela Voinescu
- Department of Microbiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.D.V.); (A.V.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance (MULTI-REZ), Microbiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Tiberiu Liviu Dragomir
- Medical Semiology II Discipline, Internal Medicine Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Laurentiu Vasile Sima
- Surgical Semiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sonia Tanasescu
- Department of Pediatrics, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Octavia Oana Harich
- Department of Functional Sciences, Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Andrei Theodor Balasoiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Dominic Gabriel Iliescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Zlatian
- Microbiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (O.M.C.); (O.Z.)
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Issakwisa HM, Mbwile GR, Mbwanji GF, Nassoro DD, Ntinginya NE, Nsojo AA. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 among people living with HIV in Mbeya, Tanzania. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:577. [PMID: 32758172 PMCID: PMC7405458 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the significant decline in the prevalence of HIV in Tanzania, the prevalence rates in Mbeya, Iringa, and Njombe regions are higher than the national average and have remained stable for years. The current stable HIV prevalence may be driven by factors such as a high incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and high-risk behaviours. In sub-Saharan Africa, it has previously been observed that up to 50% of HIV cases were attributed to herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) among low-risk populations. Because the proportion of sexually transmitted HSV-1 is rising, it is essential to study the interaction between HSV-1 and HIV infections. Methods We conducted a study in Mbeya region using the archived blood sera of participants from the recently completed EU-funded EMINI project. A specially designed questionnaire was used to obtain the social and demographic characteristics of the study participants in the database. We tested archived participants’ sera for herpes simplex virus type 1 using Virotech HSV-1 (gG1) IgG ELISA (Enzygnost, Behring, Germany). Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression models were used to identify factors associated with HSV-1. Results A total of 640 adults were randomly recruited after stratification by HIV status (318 were HIV positive), age, and sex. The overall seroprevalence of HSV-1 in the study population was 92.1%. The extrapolated seroprevalence estimate of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the general population was 95.0% (96.0% in males versus 94.0% in females). Males and females were equally affected by HSV-1. HSV-1 was less prevalent in HIV-positive individuals than in HIV-negative individuals. Conclusion People living with HIV were less likely to be HSV-1 seropositive. Further prospective studies are necessary to conclude a causal association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habakkuk Mwakyula Issakwisa
- Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, Mbeya, Tanzania. .,University of Dar es Salaam Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, Mbeya, Tanzania.
| | - Gloria Reginald Mbwile
- University of Dar es Salaam Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, Mbeya, Tanzania.,Mbeya Regional Referral Hospital, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Godlove Fred Mbwanji
- Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, Mbeya, Tanzania.,University of Dar es Salaam Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - David Daniel Nassoro
- Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, Mbeya, Tanzania.,University of Dar es Salaam Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | | | - Anthony Ambikile Nsojo
- Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, Mbeya, Tanzania.,University of Dar es Salaam Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, Mbeya, Tanzania
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Cohen JA, Sellers A, Sunil TS, Matthews PE, Okulicz JF. Herpes simplex virus seroprevalence and seroconversion among active duty US air force members with HIV infection. J Clin Virol 2015; 74:4-7. [PMID: 26615389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is associated with an increased risk of both HIV transmission and acquisition. We evaluated longitudinal HSV serology and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among active duty US Air Force (USAF) members with HIV infection. METHODS USAF members diagnosed with HIV between 1996 and 2012 were included and divided into 2 groups: 1996-2004 (n=131) and 2005-2012 (n=266). HSV-1 and -2 serology was evaluated at HIV diagnosis. Longitudinal HSV-1 and -2 serology and ICD-9 codes for HSV and non-HSV STIs were also examined for those with ≥ 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS Patients were most commonly Caucasian (44.2%) or African American (43.4%) men with a median age of 28 years at HIV diagnosis. HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased from the period of 1996-2004 (48.8%) to 2005-2012 (30.1%; P<0.01). Odds of HSV-2 seropositivity was significantly greater for non-Caucasians (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.33-3.60) and for HIV diagnosis between 1996 and 2004 (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.29-3.27), with a trend observed for those age >30 years at HIV diagnosis (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.94-3.18). A total of 81 (20.4%) patients developed STIs by ICD-9 codes, including 24 (6.1%) new genital herpes diagnoses, during a median follow-up of 4.6 years. HSV-2 seroconversion occurred in 33 of 253 (13.0%) with an incidence rate of 5.07 per 100 person-years (95% CI 4.76-5.37). CONCLUSION Although HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased over time, high-risk sexual behaviors were ongoing as evidenced by the high proportion of new STI diagnoses and HSV-2 seroconversions. Continued education to reduce risk behaviors is warranted to prevent acquisition and transmission of STIs in HIV-infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A Cohen
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amanda Sellers
- Institute for Health Disparities Research, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - T S Sunil
- Institute for Health Disparities Research, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Peter E Matthews
- Mike O'Callaghan Federal Medical Center, Infectious Disease Service, Nellis AFB, NV, United States
| | - Jason F Okulicz
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, Infectious Disease Service, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States.
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Jalouli MM, Jalouli J, Hasséus B, Öhman J, Hirsch JM, Sand L. Nested PCR for detection of HSV-1 in oral mucosa. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015; 20:e664-9. [PMID: 26449432 PMCID: PMC4670245 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been estimated that 15%-20% of human tumours are driven by infection and inflammation, and viral infections play an important role in malignant transformation. The evidence that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) could be involved in the aetiology of oral cancer varies from weak to persuasive.
This study aimed to investigate by nested PCR (NPCR) the prevalence of HSV-1 in samples from normal oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Material and Methods We investigated the prevalence of HSV-1 in biopsies obtained from 26 fresh, normal oral mucosa from healthy volunteers as well as 53 oral leukoplakia and 27 OSCC paraffin-embedded samples. DNA was extracted from the specimens and investigated for the presence of HSV-1 by nested polymerase chain reaction (NPCR) and DNA sequencing. Results HSV-1 was detected in 14 (54%) of the healthy samples, in 19 (36%) of the oral leukoplakia samples, and in 14 (52%) of the OSCC samples. The differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions We observed a high incidence of HSV-1 in healthy oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia, and OSCC tissues. Thus, no connection between OSCC development and presence of HSV-1 was detected. Key words:HSV-1, nested PCR, PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda-Masoumeh Jalouli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden,
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Sand L, Jalouli J. Viruses and oral cancer. Is there a link? Microbes Infect 2014; 16:371-8. [PMID: 24613199 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumour of the oral cavity. The aetiology of epithelial cancer of the head and neck is considered to be a multifactorial, sequential process. DNA viruses are found in many different cancers and are also capable of transforming cells to a malignant phenotype. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been proposed as risk factors in OSCC development and HPV type 16 is the most important subtype. Other oncogenic virus species i.e., Epstein-Barr Virus and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 have been proposed to be involved in oral carcinogenesis. However, no convincing evidence exist that they are an established risk factor in OSCC. Therefore more studies are needed in order to clarify the different aspects of virus involvement. Here, we review the existing literature on viral involvement in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Sand
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jamshid Jalouli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Yan Q, Li W, Tang Q, Yao S, Lv Z, Feng N, Ma X, Bai Z, Zeng Y, Qin D, Lu C. Cellular microRNAs 498 and 320d regulate herpes simplex virus 1 induction of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lytic replication by targeting RTA. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55832. [PMID: 23418466 PMCID: PMC3572171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection was necessary but not sufficient for KS development without other cofactors. We have previously reported that herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 was an important cofactor that reactivated KSHV from latency by inducing the expression of KSHV replication and transcription activator (RTA), the lytic switch protein. Here, we further investigated the possible cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in regulation of RTA during HSV-1-induced KSHV replication. The differential profiles of miRNAs expression between Mock- and HSV-1-infected body cavity-based lymphoma (BCBL-1) cells were identified by miRNA microarray analysis. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter analyses showed that two of the HSV-1-downregulated cellular miRNAs, miR-498 and miR-320d, directly targeted the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of KSHV RTA. As a result, overexpression of these two miRNAs significantly inhibited HSV-1-induced KSHV replication, whereas repression of these miRNAs with specific suppressors enhanced HSV-1-mediated KSHV replication. In addition, miR-498 or miR-320d alone, without HSV-1 infection, regulated KSHV replication in BCBL-1 cells. Finally, bioinformatics Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that targets of HSV-1-regulated miRNAs were enriched for proteins, whose roles were involved in protein binding, enzyme activity, biological regulation, and several potential signaling pathways including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were likely to participate in HSV-1-induced KSHV replication. Collectively, these novel findings demonstrated that host-encoded miR-498 and miR-320d regulated HSV-1 induction of KSHV lytic replication by targeting RTA, which provided further insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling KSHV lytic replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wan Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Nanjing First Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuihong Yao
- Department of Medicine, Quzhou College, Quzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Lv
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinting Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Bai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Bose, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CL); (DQ)
| | - Chun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CL); (DQ)
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Tarallo R, Carberry TP, Falanga A, Vitiello M, Galdiero S, Galdiero M, Weck M. Dendrimers functionalized with membrane-interacting peptides for viral inhibition. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:521-34. [PMID: 23429490 PMCID: PMC3575165 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s37739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This contribution reports the synthesis of a poly(amide)-based dendrimer functionalized at the termini with a membrane-interacting peptide derived from the herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 glycoprotein H, namely gH625–644. This peptide has been shown to interact with model membranes and to inhibit viral infectivity. The peptidodendrimer inhibits both HSV-1 and HSV-2 at a very early stage of the entry process, most likely through an interaction with the viral envelope glycoproteins; thus, preventing the virus from coming into close contact with cellular membranes, a prerequisite of viral internalization. The 50% inhibitory concentration was 100 and 300 nM against HSV-1 and HSV-2 respectively, with no evidence of cell toxicity at these concentrations. These results show that the functionalization of a dendrimer with the peptide sequence derived from an HSV glycoprotein shows promising inhibitory activity towards viruses of the Herpesviridae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Tarallo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, and DFM Scarl, Napoli, Italia
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Seroprevalence and risk factors for herpes simplex virus infection in a population of HIV-infected patients in Canada. Sex Transm Dis 2012; 36:165-9. [PMID: 19098690 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0b013e31818d3fb6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus infection in a population of HIV-infected individuals in Canada. METHODS HIV-infected patients attending 5 infectious disease clinics for follow-up care were approached to participate in the study. After informed consent was obtained, subjects completed a questionnaire documenting HIV-risk behavior, duration of infection, history of oral and/or genital herpes, and treatment for HIV and/or genital herpes. Blood for HSV type-specific serology was drawn and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Focus Diagnostics HerpeSelect HSV-1, HSV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay IgG). Equivocal samples were repeated and any discrepant results were resolved with Western blot. RESULTS Six hundred twenty-nine HIV-infected individuals participated. The mean age was 43.9 years, 74.7% were Canadian born and 72.3% were men. The majority of foreign-born subjects were black (endemic) and women. The seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 was 78.1% and 54.6%, respectively. Women were 2.7 times more likely to be HSV-2 seropositive, non-Canadian-born participants were 2.0 times more likely to be HSV-2 seropositive, and nonwhite subjects were 3.2 times more likely to be seropositive. Men who had sex with other men had the lowest seroprevalence of HSV-2. Only 30.3% of HSV-2 positive subjects reported a history of genital herpes. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of HIV-infected subjects attending 5 infectious disease clinics in Canada are coinfected with HSV. Routine type-specific HSV-2 testing should be introduced to direct education regarding symptoms, signs, and transmission reduction of genital herpes and perhaps ultimately HIV-1. Knowledge of HSV serostatus would also provide an opportunity to consider antiviral therapy.
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Janbakhash A, Mansouri F, Vaziri S, Sayad B, Afsharian M, Abedanpor A. Seroepidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) in HIV infected patients in Kermanshah-Iran. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2012; 3:546-549. [PMID: 24009932 PMCID: PMC3755864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HSV2 has an important role in acquiring and transmitting HIV through genital ulcers. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of this virus in HIV infected subject in Kermanshah, Iran. METHODS This descriptive study was performed among 170 HIV positive patients (case group) and 165 non-HIV cases (control group)) referred to Behavioral Counseling Center of Kermanshah, western of Iran. For the evaluation of HSV2 infection, blood sample was obtained and assessed for IgG antibody of HSV2 using ELISA method. The data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Out of 170 cases, 11 were seropositive for HSV2 (6.5%) in case group and 2 of 165 (1.21%) in control group (p=0.015). Seropositivity was 17.6% in female and 5.2% in male, 59% under and 8% age over 40. In HIV infected subjects, seroprevalence in female was 17.6% and in male was 5.2% (p=0.083). CONCLUSION It can be derived that the seroprevalence of HSV2 in HIV positive patients in our region is relatively low. Hence, we do not recommend that HSV2 needs to be considered in HIV pretreatment evaluation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Janbakhash
- Department of Infectious Diseases Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Feizollah Mansouri
- Department of Infectious Diseases Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Siavash Vaziri
- Department of Infectious Diseases Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Babak Sayad
- Department of Infectious Diseases Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mandana Afsharian
- Department of Infectious Diseases Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Abedanpor
- Department of Infectious Diseases Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Ng BE, Rutherford GW, Broad AL, Moore DM. Antiviral therapy for genital herpes for prevention of HIV transmission. Hippokratia 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006492.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Ng
- The University of British Columbia; School of Population and Public Health; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - George W Rutherford
- University of California, San Francisco; Global Health Sciences; 50 Beale Street Suite 1200 San Francisco California USA 94105
| | - Angela L Broad
- University of California, San Francisco; Global Health Sciences; 50 Beale Street Suite 1200 San Francisco California USA 94105
| | - David M Moore
- University of British Columbia; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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Tan DHS, Kaul R, Walsmley S. Left out but not forgotten: Should closer attention be paid to coinfection with herpes simplex virus type 1 and HIV? THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2009; 20:e1-7. [PMID: 20190881 PMCID: PMC2690523 DOI: 10.1155/2009/965263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are among the most common coinfections seen in individuals infected with HIV-1. Most research on HSV-HIV coinfection has focused on HSV-2, and in particular, on its impact on HIV transmission. HSV-2 is associated with micro- and macroulcerations in genital mucosal surfaces, increased numbers of HIV target cells in genital mucosal tissue and increases in plasma HIV viral load of up to 0.5 log(10) copies/mL, such that HSV-2 infection increases the risk of both HIV acquisition and transmission. Because plasma HIV RNA levels are a major determinant of rates of CD4 cell decline, HSV-2 coinfection may also adversely affect the progression of HIV disease. Anti-HSV medications have in fact been associated with reciprocal decreases in HIV viral load in short-term studies. These findings have led to the development of several clinical trials of HSV-2 suppression as strategies for preventing HIV transmission and slowing the rate of HIV disease progression. HSV-1 coinfection has largely been ignored from this growing body of research, yet there are several reasons that this coinfection remains an important issue for study. First, the seroprevalence of HSV-1 is consistently higher than that of HSV-2 among both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected populations, underscoring the relevance of HSV-1 coinfection to the majority of HIV-infected persons. Second, pre-existing HSV-1 antibodies in individuals may modulate the course of subsequently acquired HSV-2 infection; the implications of such changes on HSV-HIV coinfection remain unexplored. Third, HSV-1 and HSV-2 are closely related viruses that share 83% genetic homology. Their virological and pathobiological similarities suggest that their implications on HIV pathogenesis may be similar as well. Finally, HSV-1 is becoming increasingly relevant because the incidence of genital HSV-1 has risen. Although genital herpes is traditionally associated with HSV-2, recent studies have shown that the majority of serologically confirmed primary genital herpes in some settings is attributable to HSV-1. Because the genital tract is an important site of biological interaction between HSV and HIV, this epidemiological change may be clinically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell H S Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Rupert Kaul
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Sharon Walsmley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario
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Qin D, Zeng Y, Qian C, Huang Z, Lv Z, Cheng L, Yao S, Tang Q, Chen X, Lu C. Induction of lytic cycle replication of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by herpes simplex virus type 1: involvement of IL-10 and IL-4. Cell Microbiol 2007; 10:713-28. [PMID: 18042256 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we identified that both human herpesvirus 6 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat were important cofactors that activated lytic cycle replication of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Here, we further investigated the potential of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to influence KSHV replication. We demonstrated that HSV-1 was a potentially important factor in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma, as determined by production of lytic phase mRNA transcripts, viral proteins and infectious viral particles in BCBL-1 cells. These results were further confirmed by an RNA interference experiment using small interfering RNA targeting KSHV ORF50 and a luciferase reporter assay testing ORF50 promoter-driven luciferase activity. Finally, we discovered that production of human interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-4 partially contributed to HSV-1-induced KSHV replication. Our data present the first direct evidence that HSV-1 can activate KSHV lytic replication and suggest a role of HSV-1 in KSHV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Qin
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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13
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Ramaswamy M, Geretti AM. Interactions and management issues in HSV and HIV coinfection. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2007; 5:231-43. [PMID: 17402838 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.5.2.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Significant synergistic interactions have been observed between HIV and herpes simplex virus (HSV). HIV-induced immune compromise can cause frequent and persistent HSV disease, while poorly controlled HSV replication may influence HIV pathogenicity and transmission. HSV-2 seroprevalence is high in HIV-infected cohorts worldwide, with rates of over 80% for HSV-1 and ranging from 33% to more than 80% for HSV-2. As seen in HIV-negative individuals, HSV-2 coinfection is associated with female gender, older age and black ethnicity. HSV infection is commonly under-diagnosed in HIV-infected individuals, although the use of PCR for HSV detection in mucocutaneous swabs and HSV type-specific serology can improve the diagnostic yield. In HIV-1-infected patients with frequent clinical episodes of HSV reactivation, suppressive antiviral therapy may prove beneficial in controlling HSV disease while also reducing HSV-mediated promotion of HIV replication. Antiretroviral therapy leads to a gradual recovery of HSV-specific T-cell responses and a reduction in HSV-related morbidity, indicating that successful management of coinfection should target both HIV and HSV replication. The aim of this review is to address the more speculative issues surrounding the management of HSV/HIV coinfection and to summarize the data that inform them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Ramaswamy
- Royal Free Hospital and Royal Free & University College Medical School, Department of Virology, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK.
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14
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Santos FC, de Oliveira SA, Setúbal S, Camacho LAB, Faillace T, Leite JPG, Velarde LGC. Seroepidemiological study of herpes simplex virus type 2 in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2006; 101:315-9. [PMID: 16862329 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762006000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and to evaluate its association with age, sex as well as other demographic and behavioural factors in 150 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive adults patients attending the general medical outpatient ward for routine care of Niterói, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Serum samples were screened for HSV-2 antibodies using an indirect ELISA. Eighty-three patients were men (mean age: 38.8) and 67 were women (mean age: 35.4). The estimated prevalence of HSV-2 was 52% (95% CI: 44-60%) and it was higher among men (53%) than among women (50.7%). Overall, the age of first sexual intercourse and past history of genital herpes were associated with HSV-2 seropositivity. Analysis by gender disclosed significant association of number of lifetime sex partners only among men. Although HSV-2 antibodies were frequent in the study group, genital herpes was reported by 21.8% of the HSV-2 positive subjects, indicating low awareness of the HSV-2 infection. These results may have public health importance for Brazil as the high rate of HSV-2 infection may act as a cofactor of HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Cunha Santos
- Disciplina de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Hospital Universitário Antonio Pedro, Niterói, RJ, 24030-210, Brasil
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15
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Ramaswamy M, Sabin C, McDonald C, Smith M, Taylor C, Geretti AM. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) seroprevalence at the time of HIV-1 diagnosis and seroincidence after HIV-1 diagnosis in an ethnically diverse cohort of HIV-1-infected persons. Sex Transm Dis 2006; 33:96-101. [PMID: 16432480 DOI: 10.1097/01.olq.0000187211.61052.c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) seroprevalence at HIV-1 diagnosis and seroincidence > or =1 year after HIV-1 diagnosis. METHODS HSV type-specific antibodies were detected by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS The cohort comprised 850 adults diagnosed HIV-positive in 1986-2001 and followed for a median of 3 years. HSV-2 seroprevalence was 63% (95% confidence interval [CI], 60-66%) and was associated with female gender, heterosexual risk group, black ethnicity, and older age. HSV-2 seroincidence was 1.8 per 100 person-years (95% CI, 0.8-2.8) and was associated with other sexually transmitted diseases, including human papilloma virus infection (P = 0.005) and gonorrhea (P = 0.05). A diagnosis of genital herpes was made in 21% HSV-2-seropositive persons and was more likely in those who tested HIV-positive before 1997 (adjusted odds ratio, 5.11; 95% CI, 3.28-7.98; P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Results confirm the epidemiologic association between HIV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-2 seroconversion was a marker of high-risk sexual behavior. The likelihood of developing symptoms of genital herpes declined from 1997 onward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Ramaswamy
- Department of Virology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
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16
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Abstract
Type-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, based upon recombinant glycoprotein G (gG), were used to detect antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2, in a small Caribbean island population. A blinded serosurvey was performed on samples from 184 blood donors, 122 pregnant women, and 120 HIV-positive patients. The seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 was 81% and 34%, respectively, in blood donors, 84% and 40% in the antenatal population and 89% and 77% in the HIV-positive group. As expected the majority of adults were seropositive against HSV-1. However, the HSV-2 seroprevalence was significantly higher in HIV-infected adults than in the other groups. These findings support the need for prospective epidemiological studies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Levett
- University of the West Indies, School of Clinical Medicine and Research, Cave Hill, Barbados.
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Eriksson K, Bellner L, Görander S, Löwhagen GB, Tunbäck P, Rydberg K, Liljeqvist JÅ. CD4+ T-cell responses to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein G are type specific and differ in symptomatic and asymptomatic HSV-2-infected individuals. J Gen Virol 2004; 85:2139-2147. [PMID: 15269352 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.79978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell recognition of the secreted and membrane-bound portions of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein G (sgG-2 and mgG-2, respectively) was compared in symptomatic and asymptomatic HSV-2-infected individuals and in HSV-2-seronegative controls and the responses with HSV-1 glycoproteins C and E (gC-1 and gE-1) were compared. CD4+ T cells from HSV-2-infected individuals specifically recognized both sgG-2 and mgG-2, whereas HSV-1-infected and HSV-seronegative controls did not respond to these glycoproteins. The responses to gC-1 and gE-1, on the other hand, were not type specific, as blood mononuclear cells from both HSV-1- and HSV-2-infected individuals responded in vitro. There was an association between the status of the infection (symptomatic versus asymptomatic) and the CD4+ T-cell responsiveness. Symptomatic HSV-2-seropositive individuals responded with significantly lower Th1 cytokine production to sgG-2 and mgG-2 than did asymptomatic HSV-2-infected carriers, especially within the HSV-1-negative cohort. No differences in T-cell proliferation were observed between asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. The results have implications for studies of HSV-2-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity in general and for analysis of immunological differences between asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Eriksson
- Department of Rheumatology & Inflammation Research, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lars Bellner
- Department of Rheumatology & Inflammation Research, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Görander
- Department of Virology, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gun-Britt Löwhagen
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Petra Tunbäck
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Virology, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Rydberg
- Department of Dermatology, Uddevalla Hospital, Uddevalla, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Liljeqvist
- Department of Virology, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
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Ronsse V, Verstegen J, Onclin K, Farnir F, Poulet H. Risk factors and reproductive disorders associated with canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1). Theriogenology 2004; 61:619-36. [PMID: 14698053 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(03)00249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) is presumed to be enzootic in the dog population and is associated with fertility disorders and neonatal mortality. In this study we screened for risk factors affecting CHV-1 antibody titers and investigated the association between antibody titers and reproductive disorders. Therefore, serum from 545 dogs used for reproduction was analysed with an ELISA. Using a forward stepwise procedure and retaining significant risk factors (P<0.05), best fitting multifactorial generalized linear model (glm) procedures were built for males and females. The effect of antibody titers on reproductive disorders was analysed with logistic regression analysis. The association between reproductive disorders and seroprevalence was analysed in chi-square analyses using contingency tables. In both sexes, kennel cough and breeding management were found to have an impact on the CHV-1 antibody titer. Also, the influence of kennel cough on the antibody titer was correlated to the hygienic status of the kennel. In females, age, kennel size and cycle stage had an effect on CHV-1 antibody titers. Furthermore, kennel size and hygiene were found to be correlated. In males, mating experience had an impact on CHV-1 antibody titers. An association was observed between serological status and a history of abortion in bitches. In conclusion, this study suggests CHV-1 antibody titers may be affected by many factors, both on an environmental and host level. Therefore, interpretation of the serological status requires precaution. Furthermore, oronasal and venereal transmission seem to play a role in the spreading of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Ronsse
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section Small Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20, B44, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Pereira DB, Antoni MH, Danielson A, Simon T, Efantis-Potter J, Carver CS, Durán REF, Ironson G, Klimas N, Fletcher MA, O'Sullivan MJ. Stress as a predictor of symptomatic genital herpes virus recurrence in women with human immunodeficiency virus. J Psychosom Res 2003; 54:237-44. [PMID: 12614833 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genital herpes (Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2, HSV-2) is a significant public health problem for HIV+ women, who have high rates of HSV-2 seropositivity and elevated risk for HSV-2 associated morbidity and mortality. Life stress has been identified as a co-factor in genital herpes recurrence. However, no research has evaluated the relationship between stress and genital herpes recurrences in HIV+ women. The purpose of this study was to determine whether stress was associated with symptomatic genital herpes recurrences in women seropositive for HIV and HSV-2. METHODS Thirty-four HIV-infected African-American and Caribbean-American women underwent a psychosocial interview, blood draw and gynecologic examination to assess gynecologic symptoms (including genital herpes) at study entry. Life stress was measured using a 10-item modified version of the Life Experiences Survey (LES). Genital herpes recurrence over 1-year follow-up was abstracted using medical chart review. RESULTS Using hierarchical linear regression analysis, life stress at study entry was significantly associated with number of genital herpes recurrences during 1-year follow-up (beta=.38, P=.03) after controlling for HIV disease variables and relevant behavioral factors. Recent life stress, in particular, was highly predictive of genital herpes recurrence during follow-up (beta=.57, P=.002). The relationship between life stress and genital herpes recurrence persisted after controlling for HSV-2 viral reactivation (i.e., HSV-2 IgG titers) at study entry. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that stress may be a significant predictor of genital herpes recurrence in women with HIV and HSV-2. Stress management interventions may buffer HSV-related morbidity and mortality in women with HIV.
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20
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Suligoi B, Dorrucci M, Uccella I, Andreoni M, Rezza G. Effect of multiple herpesvirus infections on the progression of HIV disease in a cohort of HIV seroconverters. J Med Virol 2003; 69:182-7. [PMID: 12683405 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.10281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of herpesviruses infection on the progression of HIV disease remain controversial, with some studies showing accelerated progression and others showing no effect. Furthermore, the effect of concurrent infection with more than one herpesvirus on the progression of HIV disease has never been investigated. To this end, the rates of progression of HIV disease were determined after stratifying for the presence of up to five different herpesvirus infections. The study population consisted of 359 HIV-infected persons for whom the date of seroconversion was estimated (part of the Italian Seroconversion Study). One serum sample from each participant was tested for antibodies to five herpesviruses: HSV-2, CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8. Univariate analysis showed that HSV-2 and HHV-8 were significantly associated with progression to AIDS, yet when adjusting for age at HIV seroconversion and for the presence of the other herpesvirus infections, only HHV-8 infection showed a significant association. The age-adjusted risk of progression to AIDS with Kaposi's sarcoma increased with the number of herpesvirus infections and was significant in individuals with four infections. The risk of progression to AIDS without Kaposi's sarcoma also increased with the number of infections, although not significantly. Similar results were found when considering CD4+ cell count <200 x 10(6) cells/L as the endpoint. Concurrent infection with more than one herpesvirus does not appear to have a significant effect on the course of HIV disease, except for the known association between HHV-8 and Kaposi's sarcoma. However, even after excluding Kaposi's sarcoma from the AIDS-defining endpoints, a slightly increased risk for participants with four herpesvirus infections remained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Suligoi
- Reparto AIDS e MST, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Suligoi B, Dorrucci M, Volpi A, Andreoni M, Zerboni R, Rezza G. Prevalence and determinants of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in a cohort of HIV-positive individuals in Italy. Sex Transm Dis 2002; 29:665-7. [PMID: 12438902 DOI: 10.1097/00007435-200211000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections may be a risk factor for the transmission of HIV. Data on the prevalence of HSV-2 infection among HIV-positive individuals are scarce. GOAL The goal was to study the seroprevalence of and risk factors for HSV-2 infection among a cohort of Italian HIV-positive individuals. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. HSV-2 serologic testing was performed for individuals with known date of HIV seroconversion, on the serum specimen obtained on the date closest to the estimated date of seroconversion. Antibodies to HSV-2 (anti-HSV-2) were detected by a gG2-specific ELISA. RESULTS A total of 380 HIV-positive individuals were tested for anti-HSV-2; 126 (33.2%) of them were positive. Older age at HIV seroconversion and homosexuality were significantly associated with HSV-2 infection in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS These data stress the need for including anti-HSV-2 testing and therapy in the management of HIV positivity, especially for reducing the risk of transmission of HIV through herpetic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Suligoi
- Reparto AIDS e MST, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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