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de Pellegars-Malhortie A, Picque Lasorsa L, Mazard T, Granier F, Prévostel C. Why Is Wnt/β-Catenin Not Yet Targeted in Routine Cancer Care? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:949. [PMID: 39065798 PMCID: PMC11279613 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in cancer prevention, screening, and treatment, the still limited number of therapeutic options is an obstacle towards increasing the cancer cure rate. In recent years, many efforts were put forth to develop therapeutics that selectively target different components of the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These include small molecule inhibitors, antibodies, and more recently, gene-based approaches. Although some of them showed promising outcomes in clinical trials, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is still not targeted in routine clinical practice for cancer management. As for most anticancer treatments, a critical limitation to the use of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors is their therapeutic index, i.e., the difficulty of combining effective anticancer activity with acceptable toxicity. Protecting healthy tissues from the effects of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors is a major issue due to the vital role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in adult tissue homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we provide an up-to-date summary of clinical trials on Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitors, examine their anti-tumor activity and associated adverse events, and explore strategies under development to improve the benefit/risk profile of this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auriane de Pellegars-Malhortie
- IRCM (Montpellier Cancer Research Institute), University of Montpellier, Inserm, ICM (Montpellier Regional Cancer Institute), 34298 Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France; (A.d.P.-M.); (L.P.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Laurence Picque Lasorsa
- IRCM (Montpellier Cancer Research Institute), University of Montpellier, Inserm, ICM (Montpellier Regional Cancer Institute), 34298 Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France; (A.d.P.-M.); (L.P.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Thibault Mazard
- IRCM (Montpellier Cancer Research Institute), University of Montpellier, Inserm, ICM (Montpellier Regional Cancer Institute), 34298 Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France; (A.d.P.-M.); (L.P.L.); (T.M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, ICM, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Corinne Prévostel
- IRCM (Montpellier Cancer Research Institute), University of Montpellier, Inserm, ICM (Montpellier Regional Cancer Institute), 34298 Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France; (A.d.P.-M.); (L.P.L.); (T.M.)
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Khayer N, Jalessi M, Farhadi M, Azad Z. S100a9 might act as a modulator of the Toll-like receptor 4 transduction pathway in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9722. [PMID: 38678138 PMCID: PMC11055867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by persistent nasal and sinus mucosa inflammation. Despite significant morbidity and decreased quality of life, there are limited effective treatment options for such a disease. Therefore, identifying causal genes and dysregulated pathways paves the way for novel therapeutic interventions. In the current study, a three-way interaction approach was used to detect dynamic co-expression interactions involved in CRSwNP. In this approach, the internal evolution of the co-expression relation between a pair of genes (X, Y) was captured under a change in the expression profile of a third gene (Z), named the switch gene. Subsequently, the biological relevancy of the statistically significant triplets was confirmed using both gene set enrichment analysis and gene regulatory network reconstruction. Finally, the importance of identified switch genes was confirmed using a random forest model. The results suggested four dysregulated pathways in CRSwNP, including "positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction", "arachidonic acid metabolic process", "spermatogenesis" and "negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process". Additionally, the S100a9 as a switch gene together with the gene pair {Cd14, Tpd52l1} form a biologically relevant triplet. More specifically, we suggested that S100a9 might act as a potential upstream modulator in toll-like receptor 4 transduction pathway in the major CRSwNP pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Khayer
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Jalessi
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rasoul Akram Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rasoul Akram Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Azad
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chen SY, Liu PQ, Qin DX, Lv H, Zhou HQ, Xu Y. E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition by suppressing the β-catenin/HIF-1α positive feedback loop in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:831-843. [PMID: 38052867 PMCID: PMC10943232 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) is a refractory inflammatory disease with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as one of the key features. Since ubiquitin modification has been shown to regulate the EMT process in other diseases, targeting ubiquitin ligases may be a potential strategy for the treatment of CRSwNP. In this study we investigated whether certain E3 ubiquitin ligases could regulate the EMT process in CRSwNP, and whether these regulations could be the potential drug targets as well as the underlying mechanisms. After screening the potential drug target by bioinformatic analyses, the expression levels of three potential E3 ubiquitin ligases were compared among the control, eosinophilic nasal polyp (ENP) and non-eosinophilic nasal polyp (NENP) group in clinical samples, and the significant decrement of the expression level of NEDD4L was found. Then, IP-MS, bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry studies suggested that low NEDD4L expression may be associated with the EMT process. In human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) and human nasal epithelial cell line RPMI 2650, knockdown of NEDD4L promoted EMT, while upregulating NEDD4L reversed this effect, suggesting that NEDD4L inhibited EMT in nasal epithelial cells. IP-MS and Co-IP studies revealed that NEDD4L mediated the degradation of DDR1. We demonstrated that NEDD4L inhibited the β-catenin/HIF-1α positive feedback loop either directly (degrading β-catenin and HIF-1α) or indirectly (mediating DDR1 degradation). These results were confirmed in a murine NP model in vivo. This study for the first time reveals the regulatory role of ubiquitin in the EMT process of nasal epithelial cells, and identifies a novel drug target NEDD4L, which has promising efficacy against both ENP and NENP by suppressing β-catenin/HIF-1α positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Pei-Qiang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Dan-Xue Qin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hao Lv
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hui-Qin Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Department of Rhinology and Allergy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Gao R, Chen Y, Liu H, Ye M, Chu L, Wang T. CD109 identified in circulating proteomics mitigates postoperative recurrence in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps by suppressing TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111793. [PMID: 38442581 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common inflammatory disorder with a high rate of recurrence. This study aimed to explore biomarkers for identifying patients with recurrent CRSwNP (rCRSwNP). METHODS We recruited two independent cohorts. In the discovery cohort, rCRSwNP patients and non-recurrent CRSwNP (non-rCRSwNP) patients were recruited, and the serum proteomic profile was characterized. The top 5 upregulated and downregulated proteins were confirmed in the validation cohort by ELISA, WB, and qRT-PCR, and their predictive values for postoperative recurrence were assessed. In vitro, human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) were employed to assess the ability of candidate proteins to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). RESULTS Serum proteomics identified 53 different proteins, including 30 increased and 23 decreased, between the rCRSwNP and non-rCRSwNP groups. ELISA results revealed that serum levels of CD163 and TGF-β1 were elevated, CD109 and PRDX2 were decreased in the rCRSwNP group compared to the non-rCRSwNP group, and serum CD163, TGF-β1, and CD109 levels were proved to be associated with the risk of postoperative recurrence. In addition, qRT-PCR and WB revealed that tissue CD163, TGF-β1, and CD109 expressions in rCRSwNP patients were enhanced compared to those non-rCRSwNP patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that increased CD163 and TGF-β1 expression and decreased CD109 expression are associated with the risk of recurrence in CRSwNP patients. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that TGF-β1 and CD109 had superior diagnostic performances for rCRSwNP. In vitro experiments showed that TGF-β1 promoted EMT in HNEpCs, and overexpression of CD109 reversed this effect. Functional recovery experiments confirmed that CD109 could attenuate EMT in HNEpCs by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, attenuating EMT in epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that TGF-β1 and CD109 might serve as promising predictors of rCRSwNP. The TGF-β1/Smad pathway was implicated in fostering EMT in epithelial cells, particularly those exhibiting low expression of CD109. Consequently, the absence of CD109 expression in epithelial cells could be a potential mechanism underlying rCRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoyu Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Chu
- Department of Pathology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiansheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Lim S, Khalmuratova R, Lee YY, Kim YS, Lee M, Lee NK, Kim SN, Choy YB, Park CG, Kim DW, Shin HW. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote ΔNp63+ basal cell hyperplasia in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:705-717.e11. [PMID: 38000697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are observed in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), although their role remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the influence of NETs on the CRS epithelium. METHODS Forty-five sinonasal biopsy specimens were immunofluorescence-stained to identify NETs and p63+ basal stem cells. Investigators treated human nasal epithelial cells with NETs and studied them with immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR. NET inhibitors were administered to a murine neutrophilic nasal polyp model. RESULTS NETs existed in tissues in patients with CRS with nasal polyps, especially in noneosinophilic nasal polyp tissues. p63+ basal cell expression had a positive correlation with the release of NETs. NETs induced the expansion of Ki-67+p63+ cells. We found that ΔNp63, an isoform of p63, was mainly expressed in the nasal epithelium and controlled by NETs. Treatment with deoxyribonuclease (DNase) I or Sivelestat (NET inhibitors) prevented the overexpression of ΔNp63+ epithelial stem cells and reduced polyp formation. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that NETs are implicated in CRS pathogenesis via basal cell hyperplasia. This study suggests a novel possibility of treating CRS by targeting NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suha Lim
- Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Roza Khalmuratova
- Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yi Sook Kim
- Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mingyu Lee
- Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Korea; Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Korea
| | - Se-Na Kim
- Department of Research and Development Center, MediArk Inc, Cheongju, Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Bin Choy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Korea; Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Shin
- Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Xu Y, Tong X, Liu P, Huang J, Chen S, Liu D, Gu T, Xie Y, Guo D, Xu Y. Deficiency of INPP4A promotes M2 macrophage polarization in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Inflamm Res 2024:10.1007/s00011-024-01855-y. [PMID: 38363325 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The treatment of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (E-CRSwNP) remains a challenge due to its complex pathogenesis. Inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase type IA (INPP4A), a lipid phosphatase, has been implicated in allergic asthma. However, the expression and function of INPP4A in E-CRSwNP remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of INPP4A in macrophages in E-CRSwNP. METHODS We assessed the expression of INPP4A in human and mouse nasal mucosal tissues via immunofluorescence staining. THP-1 cells were cultured and exposed to various cytokines to investigate the regulation of INPP4A expression and its functional role. Additionally, we established a murine nasal polyp (NP) model and administrated an INPP4A-overexpressing lentivirus evaluate its impact on NP. RESULTS The percentage of INPP4A + CD68 + macrophages among total macrophages decreased in the E-CRSwNP group compared to the control and the non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (NE-CRSwNP) groups, exhibiting an inverse correlation with an increased percentage of CD206 + CD68 + M2 macrophages among total macrophages. Overexpression of INPP4A led to a reduced percentage of THP-1 cells polarizing towards the M2 phenotype, accompanied by decreased levels of associated chemotactic factors including CCL18, CCL22, CCL24, and CCL26. We also validated the involvement of the PI3K-AKT pathway in the function of INPP4A in vitro. Furthermore, INPP4A overexpression in the murine NP model resulted in the attenuation of eosinophilic inflammation in the nasal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS INPP4A deficiency promotes macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype, leading to the secretion of chemokines that recruit eosinophils and Th2 cells, thereby amplifying eosinophilic inflammation in E-CRSwNP. INPP4A may exert a suppressive role in eosinophilic inflammation and could potentially serve as a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xu
- Department of Rhinology and Allergy, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaoting Tong
- Department of Rhinology and Allergy, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Peiqiang Liu
- Department of Rhinology and Allergy, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jingyu Huang
- Department of Rhinology and Allergy, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of Rhinology and Allergy, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Duo Liu
- Department of Rhinology and Allergy, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Tian Gu
- Department of Rhinology and Allergy, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yulie Xie
- Department of Rhinology and Allergy, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Duo Guo
- Department of Rhinology and Allergy, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Rhinology and Allergy, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunity, Wuhan, China.
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Liu K, Xu Y. Downregulation of TET2 Contributes to Nasal Polypogenesis Through Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α-Mediated Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 17:64-77. [PMID: 38228132 PMCID: PMC10933810 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2023.01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) have been reported to mediate nasal polypogenesis through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, HIF1α can regulate the expression and function of TET2. However, the precise mechanism of how TET2 regulates the EMT through HIF1α mediation in nasal epithelial cells is still poorly understood. METHODS Nasal tissue samples were collected from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and controls. The expression of HIF1α and TET2 was detected using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. EMT markers (E-cadherin and vimentin) were also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Primary human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) were stimulated with CoCl2 to mimic hypoxia. Vitamin C (VC), a TET2 non-specific activator, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection of TET2 were used to further determine the role of TET2 in hypoxia-induced EMT. Finally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Nrf2 were measured to explore the downstream consequences of TET2 in hypoxic hNECs. RESULTS TET2 levels were lower in the nasal epithelium of CRSwNP patients and were positively correlated with E-cadherin but negatively correlated with vimentin in CRS. However, HIF1α exhibited the opposite pattern and was negatively correlated with TET2 expression. CoCl2-simulated hypoxia led to EMT and increased HIF1α in hNECs in vitro, with simultaneous downregulation of TET2 expression. Addition of VC activated TET2 expression in hNECs, but inhibited EMT and HIF1α expression. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of TET2 contributed to the EMT in CoCl2-simulated hNECs despite the addition of VC. Finally, TET2 regulated the EMT in hypoxic hNECs through Nrf2 expression and ROS generation. CONCLUSION TET2 was negatively correlated with HIF1α and EMT in vivo. TET2 was downregulated by HIF1α, resulting in the EMT in CoCl2-hypoxic hNECs via regulation of oxidative stress in vitro. Hence, TET2 might provide a new therapeutic approach for CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Rhinology and Allergy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Rhinology and Allergy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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8
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Wang Y, Li Z, Lu J. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the epithelial cell, fibroblast, and key gene alterations in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2270. [PMID: 38280891 PMCID: PMC10821928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to be an essential process in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. However, the mechanisms of epithelial and fibroblastic changes at the single-cell level are unclear. In this study, we investigated the epithelial cell, fibroblast, and key gene alterations in the development of CRSwNP. We revealed major cell types involved in CRSwNP and nasal mucosal inflammation formation, then mapped epithelial and fibroblast subpopulations. We showed that the apical and glandular epithelial cells and the ADGRB3+ and POSTN+ fibroblasts were the key cell subtypes in the progression of CRSwNP. Pseudotime and cell cycle analysis identified dynamic changes between epithelial cells and fibroblasts during its development. WFDC2 and CCL26 were identified as the key marker genes involved in the development of CRSwNP and were validated by IHC staining, which may provide a potential novel target for future CRSwNP therapy. ScRNA-seq data provided insights into the cellular landscape and the relationship between epithelial cells and fibroblasts in the progression of CRSwNP. WFDC2 and CCL26 were identified as the key genes involved in the development of CRSwNP and may be the potential markers for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zufei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Leite-Santos F, Tamashiro E, de Andrade Batista Murashima A, Anselmo-Lima WT, Valera FCP. Which are the best murine models to study Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis? A contemporary review. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 89:101328. [PMID: 37734174 PMCID: PMC10515297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2023.101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mechanisms that lead to Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (ECRS) are not fully established in the literature. It is desirable to assess ECRS in a model that embraces most of the related events. This article reviewed the murine models for ECRS and compared them regarding eosinophilic polypoid formation. METHODS The authors reviewed the articles that included the terms "chronic rhinosinusitis" OR "chronic sinusitis" AND "animal model". We analyzed articles in English that evaluated both the number of polyps and the number of eosinophils in the sinus mucosa of mouse models. RESULTS We identified a total of 15 articles describing different models of ECRS that used BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice, and different triggers/stimulants such as Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin B (SEB) + Ovalbumin (OVA); House Dust Mite (HDM) ± Ovalbumin (OVA); and Aspergillus oryzae Protease (AP) + Ovalbumin (OVA). OVA associated with SEB was the commonest protocol to induce ECRS in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, and it produced a robust response of eosinophilic nasal polyps in both. AP + OVA protocol also led to a good ECRS response. The other models were not considered adequate to produce eosinophilic polyps in mice. CONCLUSION In conclusion, OVA associated with SEB seems to produce the most robust eosinophilic sinonasal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Leite-Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Divisão de Otorrinolaringologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Edwin Tamashiro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Divisão de Otorrinolaringologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana de Andrade Batista Murashima
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Divisão de Otorrinolaringologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilma T Anselmo-Lima
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Divisão de Otorrinolaringologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana C P Valera
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Divisão de Otorrinolaringologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Yuan J, Wang M, Wang C, Zhang L. Epithelial cell dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis: the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:959-968. [PMID: 37386882 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2232113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a type of epithelial cell dysfunction, which is widely present in the nasal mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), especially CRS with nasal polyps, and contributes to pathogenesis of the disease. EMT is mediated via complex mechanisms associated with multiple signaling pathways. AREAS COVERED We have summarized the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways promoting EMT in CRS. Strategies or drugs/agents targeting the genes and pathways related to the regulation of EMT are also discussed for their potential use in the treatment of CRS and asthma. A literature search of studies published in English from 2000 to 2023 was conducted using the PubMed database, employing CRS, EMT, signaling, mechanisms, targeting agents/drugs, as individual or combinations of search terms. EXPERT OPINION EMT in nasal epithelium not only leads to epithelial cell dysfunction but also plays an important role in nasal tissue remodeling in CRS. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying EMT and the development of drugs/agents targeting these mechanisms may provide new treatment strategies for CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Chen J, Chen S, Gong G, Yang F, Chen J, Wang Y. Inhibition of IL-4/STAT6/IRF4 signaling reduces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110554. [PMID: 37385124 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in nasal epithelial cells is critical for tissue remodeling of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, the precise mechanism underlying the EMT remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of interleukin-4 (IL-4)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6)/interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) signaling pathway on EMT in eosinophilic CRSwNP. METHODS We performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescent staining, and Western blotting to evaluate the expression of STAT6, IRF4, and EMT markers in sinonasal mucosal samples. Effects of IL-4-induced EMT were determined using primary human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) from patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP. Wound scratch assay, cell morphology, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence cytochemistry were performed to evaluate EMT, and EMT-related markers. Next, human THP-1 monocytic cells were stimulated by phorbolate-12-myristate-13-acetate to differentiate into M0 and were subsequently polarized into M1 with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ, M2 with IL-4. The markers of the macrophage phenotype were assessed by Western blotting. The co-culture system was built to explore the interaction between macrophages (THP-1 cells) and hNECs. After co-culture with M2 macrophages, EMT-related markers of primary hNECs were evaluated by immunofluorescence cytochemistry and Western blotting. Enzymelinked immunosorbent assays were used to detect transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in THP-1-derived supernatants. RESULTS STAT6 and IRF4 mRNA and protein expression were significantly upregulated in both eosinophilic and noneosinophilic nasal polyps compared with control tissues. The expression of STAT6 and IRF4 in eosinophilic nasal polyps was higher than those in noneosinophilic nasal polyps. STAT6 and IRF4 were not only expressed in epithelial cells but also in macrophages. The number of STAT6+CD68+ cells and IRF4+CD68+ cells in eosinophilic nasal polyps was higher than those in noneosinophilic nasal polyps and control tissues. EMT was enhanced in eosinophilic CRSwNP compared to the healthy controls and noneosinophilic CRSwNP. IL-4-stimulated human nasal epithelial cells exhibited EMT characteristics. The hNECs co-cultured with M2 macrophages demonstrated high levels of EMT-related markers. The TGF-β1 level was significantly induced by IL-4 and elevated (M2) rather than control macrophages. The inhibition of STAT6 by AS1517499 reduced the expression of IRF4 in epithelial cells and macrophages and counteracted IL-4-induced EMT in epithelial cells. CONCLUSION In eosinophilic nasal polyps, IL-4 induces STAT6 signaling to upregulate IRF4 expression in epithelial cells and macrophages. IL-4 promotes EMT of hNECs through the STAT6/IRF4 signaling pathway. IL-4-induced M2 macrophages enhanced EMT of hNECs. Inhibition of STAT6 can downregulate the expression of IRF4 and suppress the EMT process, thus providing a new strategy for the treatment of nasal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcai Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guoqing Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Central Theater Command General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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He Y, Fu Y, Wu Y, Zhu T, Li H. Pathogenesis and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis from the perspective of sinonasal epithelial dysfunction. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1139240. [PMID: 37138733 PMCID: PMC10149833 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1139240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a clinical syndrome primarily characterized by long-term mucosal inflammation of the nasal cavity and sinuses. The pathogenesis of CRS is still unclear due to its high heterogeneity. A number of studies have recently focused on the sinonasal epithelium. Thus, there has been a quantum leap in awareness of the role of the sinonasal epithelium, which is now understood as an active functional organ rather than simply an inert mechanical barrier. Undoubtedly, epithelial dysfunction plays a vital role in the onset and development of CRS. Objective In this article, we discuss the potential contribution of sinonasal epithelium dysfunction to CRS pathogenesis and explore a few current and developing therapeutic options targeting the sinonasal epithelium. Results Impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) and an abnormal sinonasal epithelial barrier are usually considered to be the main causative factors in CRS. Epithelial-derived bioactive substances, such as cytokines, exosomes, and complements, play a vital role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity and contribute to the pathophysiological alterations of CRS. The phenomena of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mucosal remodeling, and autophagy observed in CRS offer some novel insights into the pathogenesis of this disease. In addition, existing treatment options targeting disorder of sinonasal epithelium can help to relieve the main symptoms associated with CRS to some extent. Conclusion The presence of a normal epithelium is fundamental for maintaining homeostasis in the nasal and paranasal sinuses. Here, we describe various aspects of the sinonasal epithelium and highlight the contributions of epithelial dysfunction to CRS pathogenesis. Our review provides sound evidence of the need for in-depth study of the pathophysiological alterations of this disease and for the development of novel epithelium-targeting alternative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiong He
- School of Heath Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijie Fu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- School of Heath Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmin Zhu
- School of Heath Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Li
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van Santen VJB, Zandieh Doulabi B, Semeins CM, Hogervorst JMA, Bratengeier C, Bakker AD. Compressed Prostate Cancer Cells Decrease Osteoclast Activity While Enhancing Osteoblast Activity In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010759. [PMID: 36614201 PMCID: PMC9821660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Once prostate cancer cells metastasize to bone, they perceive approximately 2 kPa compression. We hypothesize that 2 kPa compression stimulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of prostate cancer cells and alters their production of paracrine signals to affect osteoclast and osteoblast behavior. Human DU145 prostate cancer cells were subjected to 2 kPa compression for 2 days. Compression decreased expression of 2 epithelial genes, 5 out of 13 mesenchymal genes, and increased 2 mesenchymal genes by DU145 cells, as quantified by qPCR. Conditioned medium (CM) of DU145 cells was added to human monocytes that were stimulated to differentiate into osteoclasts for 21 days. CM from compressed DU145 cells decreased osteoclast resorptive activity by 38% but did not affect osteoclast size and number compared to CM from non-compressed cells. CM was also added to human adipose stromal cells, grown in osteogenic medium. CM of compressed DU145 cells increased bone nodule production (Alizarin Red) by osteoblasts from four out of six donors. Compression did not affect IL6 or TNF-α production by PC DU145 cells. Our data suggest that compression affects EMT-related gene expression in DU145 cells, and alters their production of paracrine signals to decrease osteoclast resorptive activity while increasing mineralization by osteoblasts is donor dependent. This observation gives further insight in the altered behavior of PC cells upon mechanical stimuli, which could provide novel leads for therapies, preventing bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J. B. van Santen
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Behrouz Zandieh Doulabi
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis M. Semeins
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M. A. Hogervorst
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia Bratengeier
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Astrid D. Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)20-5980224
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Pan Y, Wu L, He S, Wu J, Wang T, Zang H. Identification of hub genes and immune cell infiltration characteristics in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:843580. [PMID: 36060258 PMCID: PMC9431028 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.843580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study is to reveal the hub genes related to the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and their association with immune cell infiltration through bioinformatics analysis combined with experimental validation. In this study, through differential gene expression analysis, 1,516 upregulated and 1,307 downregulated DEG were obtained from dataset GSE136825 of the GEO database. We identified 14 co-expressed modules using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), among which the most significant positive and negative correlations were MEgreen and MEturquoise modules, containing 1,540 and 3,710 genes respectively. After the intersection of the two modules and DEG, two gene sets—DEG-MEgreen and DEG-MEturquoise—were obtained, containing 395 and 1,168 genes respectively. Through GO term analysis, it was found that immune response and signal transduction are the most important biological processes. We found, based on KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, that osteoclast differentiations, cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, and neuroactive ligand–receptor interactions are the most important in the two gene sets. Through PPI network analysis, we listed the top-ten genes for the concentrated connectivity of the two gene sets. Next, a few genes were verified by qPCR experiments, and FPR2, ITGAM, C3AR1, FCER1G, CYBB in DEG-MEgreen and GNG4, NMUR2, and GNG7 in DEG-MEturquoise were confirmed to be related to the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. NP immune cell infiltration analysis revealed a significant difference in the proportion of immune cells between the NP group and control group. Finally, correlation analysis between target hub genes and immune cells indicated that FPR2 and GNG7 had a positive or negative correlation with some specific immune cells. In summary, the discoveries of these new hub genes and their association with immune cell infiltration are of great significance for uncovering the specific pathogenesis of CRSwNP and searching for disease biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangwang Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Civil Aviation General Hospital (Peking University Civil Aviation School of Clinical Medicine), Bejing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yangwang Pan, ; Hongrui Zang,
| | - Linjing Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongrui Zang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yangwang Pan, ; Hongrui Zang,
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Qin D, Liu P, Zhou H, Jin J, Gong W, Liu K, Chen S, Huang J, Fan W, Tao Z, Xu Y. TIM-4 in macrophages contributes to nasal polyp formation through the TGF-β1–mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition in nasal epithelial cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:941608. [PMID: 35990621 PMCID: PMC9389014 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.941608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is caused by prolonged inflammation of the paranasal sinus mucosa. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in the occurrence and development of CRSwNP. The T-cell immunoglobulin domain and the mucin domain 4 (TIM-4) is closely related to chronic inflammation, but its mechanism in CRSwNP is poorly understood. In our study, we found that TIM-4 was increased in the sinonasal mucosa of CRSwNP patients and, especially, in macrophages. TIM-4 was positively correlated with α-SMA but negatively correlated with E-cadherin in CRS. Moreover, we confirmed that TIM-4 was positively correlated with the clinical parameters of the Lund-Mackay and Lund-Kennedy scores. In the NP mouse model, administration of TIM-4 neutralizing antibody significantly reduced the polypoid lesions and inhibited the EMT process. TIM-4 activation by stimulating with tissue extracts of CRSwNP led to a significant increase of TGF-β1 expression in macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, coculture of macrophages and human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) results suggested that the overexpression of TIM-4 in macrophages made a contribution to the EMT process in hNECs. Mechanistically, TIM-4 upregulated TGF-β1 expression in macrophages via the ROS/p38 MAPK/Egr-1 pathway. In conclusion, TIM-4 contributes to the EMT process and aggravates the development of CRSwNP by facilitating the production of TGF-β1 in macrophages. Inhibition of TIM-4 expression suppresses nasal polyp formation, which might provide a new therapeutic approach for CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxue Qin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiqiang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiqin Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanyang Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunyu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zezhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Xu,
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He S, Wu J, Han D, Li Y, Wang T, Wei H, Pan Y, Zang H. Differential expression profile of plasma exosomal microRNAs in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1039-1046. [PMID: 35502556 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221090184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes mediate inflammation and immune responses. The aim of the study was to examine the expression profiles of plasma exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) and analyze their target gene functions in participants with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). We measured plasma exosomal miRNAs in five patients with CRSwNP and five controls. Transcripts per million (TPM) was used to assess miRNAs expression and the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was employed for multiple comparisons correction. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene ontology (GO) analyses revealed biological annotation and functional prediction of target genes. Compared with controls, we found that 159 exosomal miRNAs were differentially expressed by miRNA sequencing in CRSwNP. The top three upregulated miRNAs were novel_miR_677, novel_miR_1037, and novel_miR_79, while the top three downregulated miRNAs were novel_miR_192, novel_miR_1022, and novel_miR_4. The target functions in the GO and KEGG analyses included axon guidance, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, protein digestion and absorption, the calcium, the Hippo, the Notch, the ErbB, the cAMP signaling pathway, and focal adhesion. This study describes the dissection of plasma exosomal miRNA profiling in CRSwNP. Our findings may provide a certain basis for further mechanism research and exploration of diagnostic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai He
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Demin Han
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchuan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzheng Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangwang Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Zang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
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Kowalik K, Sarnowska E, Sarnowski TJ, Popko-Zagor M. Immune system elements - a puzzle in CRS. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA 2022; 42:194-196. [PMID: 35612513 PMCID: PMC9131994 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jian B, Yin P. STAT1 mediates the PI3K/AKT pathway through promoting microRNA-18a in nasal polyps. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:194-205. [PMID: 35021946 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.2025388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is linked to the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The involvement of STAT1 has been reported in CRSwNP. However, its specific role in regulating EMT in CRSwNP is not clear. We sought to evaluate the role of STAT1 in EMT in CRSwNP using clinical samples and a murine model. METHODS Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed genes was performed in nasal polyps from the CRSwNP patients, followed by pathway enrichment analysis. After bioinformatics prediction, the relationships between microRNA-18a (miR-18a) and PTEN or STAT1 were examined using dual-luciferase and RIP assays, respectively. The expression of STAT1, PTEN, and miR-18a in nasal tissues was detected using RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. After the alteration of gene expression in mice with CRSwNP, western blot, RT-qPCR, and HE staining were conducted to detect EMT-related proteins, inflammatory factor secretion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the PI3K/AKT pathway activity in nasal tissues. RESULTS STAT1 and miR-18a were highly expressed, and PTEN was poorly expressed in the nasal polyp. STAT1 promoted transcription of miR-18a, which targeted PTEN. Downregulation of STAT1 and miR-18a inhibited the EMT and inflammatory cell infiltration, while depletion of PTEN promoted the EMT and inflammatory cell infiltration in the nasal polyp. The PI3K/AKT pathway was activated in the nasal polyp and regulated by the STAT1/miR-18a/PTEN axis. CONCLUSIONS STAT1 acts as a transcription factor to promote transcription of miR-18a, and miR-18a targets PTEN to exacerbate the inflammatory response and EMT in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Jian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
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Kim JY, Lim S, Lim HS, Kim YS, Eun KM, Khalmuratova R, Seo Y, Kim JK, Kim YS, Kim MK, Jin S, Han SC, Pyo S, Hong SN, Park JW, Shin HW, Kim DW. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 as a novel biomarker for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:461-472.e13. [PMID: 33667477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are members of the TGF-β superfamily, regulate bone remodeling by stimulating osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Although the association between osteitis and poor surgical outcomes is well known in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), BMPs have not been fully investigated as potential biomarkers for the prognosis of CRS. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the role of BMPs in osteitis in patients with CRS with nasal polyps (NPs) (CRSwNPs), as well as associations between BMPs and inflammatory markers in sinonasal tissues from patients with CRSwNP. METHODS We investigated the expression of 6 BMPs (BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-6, BMP-7, BMP-9, and BMP-10) and their cellular origins in NPs of human subjects by using immunohistochemistry and ELISA of NP tissues. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify associations between BMPs and inflammatory markers. Air-liquid interface cell culture of human nasal epithelial cells was performed to evaluate the induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by BMPs. RESULTS Of the 6 BMPs studied, BMP-2 and BMP-7 were associated with refractoriness. Only BMP-2 concentrations were higher in patients with severe osteitis and advanced disease extent according to the computed tomography findings. Eosinophils and some macrophages were identified as cellular sources of BMP-2 in immunofluorescence analysis. An in vitro experiment revealed that BMP-2 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in air-liquid interface-cultured human nasal epithelial cells, particularly in a TH2 milieu. CONCLUSION BMP-2 could reflect the pathophysiology of mucosa and bone remodeling and may be a novel biomarker for refractory CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Youp Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Medical Informatics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suha Lim
- Obstructive Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Suk Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yi-Sook Kim
- Obstructive Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Eun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Roza Khalmuratova
- Obstructive Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuju Seo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Kon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Seok Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Siyeon Jin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suyeon Pyo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-No Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- Obstructive Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Shin
- Obstructive Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in neutrophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 21:30-37. [PMID: 33284158 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Barrier dysfunction, tissue fibrosis, and remodeling are essential processes of the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been assessed in various studies in CRS. In this review, we summarized the pathophysiologic mechanisms of EMT related to CRS, particularly neutrophilic CRS. RECENT FINDINGS Loss of epithelial characteristics due to EMT makes leaky epithelium, and transformed mesenchymal cells cause fibrosis and remodeling. Hypoxia, allergens (house dust mites), infections, and air pollutants were related to the pathogenesis of neutrophilic CRS, and these factors are known to induce barrier dysfunction and EMT in sinonasal epithelia. Some molecular pathways related to EMT have been recognized in CRS, including interferon-γ/p38/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, high-mobility group box 1/receptor of advanced glycosylation end-products, TGF-β1/SMAD, and Wnt/β-catenin-signaling pathways. Apart from, several microRNAs (miR-21, miR-761, and miR-30a-5p) have been identified to regulate EMT in CRS. SUMMARY EMT is considered to be an important pathogenesis mechanism for CRS. The factors cause EMT in CRS, and the associated molecular mechanisms are related to neutrophilic inflammation. Further studies on CRS endotype and/or phenotype are needed to clarify the implication of EMT on CRS pathogenesis.
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