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Amaral C, Carvalho C, Scaranelo A, Chapman K, Chatkin J, Ferreira I. Cannabis and sleep disorders: not ready for prime time? A qualitative scoping review. J Clin Sleep Med 2023; 19:975-990. [PMID: 36692176 PMCID: PMC10152356 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To perform a qualitative scoping literature review for studies involving the effects of cannabis on sleep and sleep disorders. METHODS Two electronic databases, MEDLINE and EMBASE, searched for comprehensive published abstracted studies that involved human participants. Inclusion criteria were article of any type, published in English, a target population of cannabis users, and reported data on cannabis effect on sleep and sleep disorders. The Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) approach was elected as the methodology framework guidance in the scoping review process. RESULTS A total of 40 unique publications were found. The majority (82.5%) were from the Americas with 60% published in the last decade. Of the 40 studies, only 25% were randomized control trials, and the sleep outcome measurements were similar and comparable in only 20%. Cannabis users studied were reported either 73% frequent users or 27% sporadic users. The utilization of cannabis showed improved sleep (21%), worse sleep (48%), mixed results (14%), or no impact at all (17%) in the studies published in the last 5 decades. CONCLUSIONS Our findings summarize the lack of robust evidence to support the use of cannabis for sleep disorders. The varied cannabis user-related characteristics may account for the inconsistent results identified. Further studies assessing cannabis and sleep are needed to discern what works in what context, how it works, and for whom. CITATION Amaral C, Carvalho C, Scaranelo A, Chapman K, Chatkin J, Ferreira I. Cannabis and sleep disorders: not ready for prime time? A qualitative scoping review. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(5):975-990.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Amaral
- Department of Medicine, University Centre of the Americas, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Carvalho
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network and Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anabel Scaranelo
- Medical Imaging Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Division, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Asthma & Airway Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jose Chatkin
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ivone Ferreira
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Division, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Asthma & Airway Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Division of McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Fishbein DH, Sloboda Z. A National Strategy for Preventing Substance and Opioid Use Disorders Through Evidence-Based Prevention Programming that Fosters Healthy Outcomes in Our Youth. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:1-16. [PMID: 36542196 PMCID: PMC9768412 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The recently released National Drug Control Strategy (2022) from the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) lays out a comprehensive plan to, not only enhance access to treatment and increase harm reduction strategies, but also increase implementation of evidence-based prevention programming at the community level. Furthermore, the Strategy provides a framework for enhancing our national data systems to inform policy and to evaluate all components of the plan. However, not only are there several missing components to the Strategy that would assure its success, but there is a lack of structure to support a national comprehensive service delivery system that is informed by epidemiological data, and trains and credentials those delivering evidence-based prevention, treatment, and harm reduction/public health interventions within community settings. This paper provides recommendations for the establishment of such a structure with an emphasis on prevention. Systematically addressing conditions known to increase liability for behavioral problems among vulnerable populations and building supportive environments are strategies consistently found to avert trajectories away from substance use in general and substance use disorders (SUD) in particular. Investments in this approach are expected to result in significantly lower rates of SUD in current and subsequent generations of youth and, therefore, will reduce the burden on our communities in terms of lowered social and health systems involvement, treatment needs, and productivity. A national strategy, based on strong scientific evidence, is presented to implement public health policies and prevention services. These strategies work by improving child development, supporting families, enhancing school experiences, and cultivating positive environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana H Fishbein
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 105 Smith Level Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
- National Prevention Science Coalition to Improve Lives, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Zili Sloboda
- National Prevention Science Coalition to Improve Lives, Oakland, CA, USA
- Applied Prevention Science International, Ontario, OH, USA
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Shah S, Schwenk ES, Sondekoppam RV, Clarke H, Zakowski M, Rzasa-Lynn RS, Yeung B, Nicholson K, Schwartz G, Hooten WM, Wallace M, Viscusi ER, Narouze S. ASRA Pain Medicine consensus guidelines on the management of the perioperative patient on cannabis and cannabinoids. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2023; 48:97-117. [PMID: 36596580 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2022-104013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The past two decades have seen an increase in cannabis use due to both regulatory changes and an interest in potential therapeutic effects of the substance, yet many aspects of the substance and their health implications remain controversial or unclear. METHODS In November 2020, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine charged the Cannabis Working Group to develop guidelines for the perioperative use of cannabis. The Perioperative Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids Guidelines Committee was charged with drafting responses to the nine key questions using a modified Delphi method with the overall goal of producing a document focused on the safe management of surgical patients using cannabinoids. A consensus recommendation required ≥75% agreement. RESULTS Nine questions were selected, with 100% consensus achieved on third-round voting. Topics addressed included perioperative screening, postponement of elective surgery, concomitant use of opioid and cannabis perioperatively, implications for parturients, adjustment in anesthetic and analgesics intraoperatively, postoperative monitoring, cannabis use disorder, and postoperative concerns. Surgical patients using cannabinoids are at potential increased risk for negative perioperative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Specific clinical recommendations for perioperative management of cannabis and cannabinoids were successfully created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Shah
- Dept of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Care, UC Irvine Health, Orange, California, USA
| | - Eric S Schwenk
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Hance Clarke
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Univ Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Zakowski
- Anesthesiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Brent Yeung
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Gary Schwartz
- AABP Integrative Pain Care, Melville, New York, USA.,Anesthesiology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | | | - Mark Wallace
- Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eugene R Viscusi
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samer Narouze
- Center for Pain Medicine, Western Reserve Hospital, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, USA
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Wolfe D, Corace K, Butler C, Rice D, Skidmore B, Patel Y, Thayaparan P, Michaud A, Hamel C, Smith A, Garber G, Porath A, Conn D, Willows M, Abramovici H, Thavorn K, Kanji S, Hutton B. Impacts of medical and non-medical cannabis on the health of older adults: Findings from a scoping review of the literature. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281826. [PMID: 36800328 PMCID: PMC9937508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis legalization has enabled increased consumption in older adults. Age-related mental, physical, and physiological changes may lead to differences in effects of cannabis in older adults compared to younger individuals. OBJECTIVE To perform a scoping review to map the evidence regarding the health effects of cannabis use for medical and non-medical purposes in older adults. METHODS Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library) were searched for systematic reviews (SRs), randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized/observational studies (NRSs) assessing the health effects and associations of cannabis use (medical or non-medical) in adults ≥ 50 years of age. Included studies met age-related inclusion criteria or involved a priori identified health conditions common among older adults. Records were screened using a liberal accelerated approach and data charting was performed independently by two reviewers. Descriptive summaries, structured tables, effect direction plots and bubble plots were used to synthesize study findings. FINDINGS From 31,393 citations, 133 publications describing 134 unique studies (26 SRs, 36 RCTs, 72 NRSs) were included. Medical cannabis had inconsistent therapeutic effects in specific patient conditions (e.g., end-stage cancer, dementia), with a number of studies suggesting possible benefits while others found no benefit. For medical cannabis, harmful associations outnumbered beneficial, and RCTs reported more negative effects than NRSs. Cannabis use was associated with greater frequencies of depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, substance use and problematic substance use, accidents/injuries, and acute healthcare use. Studies often were small, did not consistently assess harms, and did not adjust for confounding. DISCUSSION The effects of medical cannabis are inconsistent within specific patient conditions. For older adults, generally, the available evidence suggests cannabis use may be associated with greater frequencies of mental health issues, substance use, and acute healthcare use, and the benefit-to-risk ratio is unclear. Studies with a balanced assessment of benefits and harms may guide appropriate public health messaging to balance the marketing pressures of cannabis to older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianna Wolfe
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kim Corace
- Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alan Michaud
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Andra Smith
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Gary Garber
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Amy Porath
- Canadian Center for Substance Use and Addiction, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David Conn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Canada
| | - Melanie Willows
- Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hanan Abramovici
- Health Canada, Office of Cannabis Science and Surveillance, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kednapa Thavorn
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Salmaan Kanji
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Brian Hutton
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Kwak JH, Lee SW, Cha HR, Huh J, Kang IS, Jun TG, Yang JH, Han MY, Song J. Long-Term Observational Outcomes after Total Correction of Congenital Heart Disease in Korean Patients with Down Syndrome: A National Cohort Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9091329. [PMID: 36138638 PMCID: PMC9497944 DOI: 10.3390/children9091329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: In the present study, the population prevalence and postoperative morbidity and mortality in Down syndrome patients who underwent total correction for congenital heart disease were investigated using data from a large national cohort. Methods: Retrospective administrative data from 2,395,966 participants born between 2008 and 2012 were acquired from the National Investigation of Birth Cohort in Korea. Among Down syndrome patients, 58.3% had congenital heart disease and 32.3% underwent total correction. Propensity score matching (maximum 1:1) and stabilized inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) were performed for each group (153 Down syndrome patients and 4482 non-Down syndrome patients). Results: T late mortality rate was significantly higher in the Down syndrome group than in the non-Down syndrome group (8.1% vs. 3.8%). No differences were observed in postoperative heart failure and arrhythmias, but pulmonary hypertension was significantly greater in the Down syndrome group than in the non-Down syndrome group (26.9% vs. 7.0%). The length of hospitalization was longer in the Down syndrome group than in the non-Down syndrome group (14 days vs. 11 days; interquartile range (IQR): 10−25 vs. 6−19; p < 0.0001). After total correction, readmission frequency for any reason was minimally but statistically significantly higher in the Down syndrome group compared to the non-Down syndrome group (5 times vs. 5 times; IQR: 3−8 vs. 4−9; p < 0.0001). However, the number of emergency room visits was minimally but significantly lower in the Down syndrome group compared to the non-Down syndrome group (2 visits vs. 2 visits (IQR): 2−7 vs. 1−4; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Down syndrome patients with congenital heart disease undergoing total correction showed pulmonary hypertension after surgery, longer length of hospitalization, frequent hospitalization after surgery, and a higher rate of late mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hee Kwak
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Data Science, Sejong University College of Software Convergence, Seoul 05006, Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Cha
- Department of Data Science, Sejong University College of Software Convergence, Seoul 05006, Korea
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - June Huh
- Department of Pediatrics, Adult Congenital Heart Clinic, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - I-Seok Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Adult Congenital Heart Clinic, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Tae-Gook Jun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyuk Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Man Yong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59, Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Adult Congenital Heart Clinic, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Grown-Up Congenital Heart Clinic, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
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Vozoris NT. A critical review of the respiratory benefits and harms of orally administered opioids for dyspnea management in COPD. Expert Rev Respir Med 2021; 15:1579-1587. [PMID: 34761704 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.2005584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dyspnea occurring in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that is refractory to traditional management strategies is a common and challenging problem. Considerable attention has been paid to the off-label use of orally administered opioids as a pharmacotherapy option for refractory dyspnea in COPD. Multiple professional respiratory society guidelines express support for the application of oral opioids for this purpose. AREAS COVERED This manuscript will critically review randomized controlled trials undertaken to date that evaluate the efficacy of oral opioids for dyspnea in COPD, as well as phase IV observational studies that examine for potential opioid-related respiratory harms in the COPD population (literature was searched on PubMed up to June 2021). COPD guideline recommendations relating to opioids for dyspnea will subsequently be critiqued. EXPERT OPINION Opioid efficacy trials demonstrate at best a small improvement in dyspnea in limited numbers of individuals with COPD, whereas safety trials consistently show an increased risk of respiratory-related exacerbation, hospitalization and death in association with opioid use. In contrast to what is expressed in guidelines, the current body of evidence does not the support the wide application of opioids to manage refractory dyspnea among individuals with COPD, but instead, a highly selective and careful approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Vozoris
- Division of Respirology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Chronic Disease and Pharmacotherapy Program, ICES (Formerly Known as Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Canada
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Wen X, Zhang X, Nian S, Wei G, Guo X, Yu H, Xie X, Ye Y, Yuan Q. Title of article: Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in lung diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107485. [PMID: 33647824 PMCID: PMC7909906 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The lungs are directly connected to the external environment, which makes them more vulnerable to infection and injury. They are protected by the respiratory epithelium and immune cells to maintain a dynamic balance. Both innate and adaptive immune cells are involved in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of unconventional T cells, which have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Although MAIT cells account for a small part of the total immune cells in the lungs, evidence suggests that these cells are activated by T cell receptors and/or cytokine receptors and mediate immune response. They play an important role in immunosurveillance and immunity against microbial infection, and recent studies have shown that subsets of MAIT cells play a role in promoting pulmonary inflammation. Emerging data indicate that MAIT cells are involved in the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and possible immunopathogenesis in COVID-19. Here, we introduce MAIT cell biology to clarify their role in the immune response. Then we review MAIT cells in human and murine lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer, and discuss their possible protective and pathological effects. MAIT cells represent an attractive marker and potential therapeutic target for disease progression, thus providing new strategies for the treatment of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wen
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Xingli Zhang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Siji Nian
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Gang Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Xiyuan Guo
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Hong Yu
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Xiang Xie
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Yingchun Ye
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Qing Yuan
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
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COPD: Vorsicht bei synthetischen Cannabinoiden. Pneumologie 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1370-2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Suryavanshi SV, Kovalchuk I, Kovalchuk O. Cannabinoids as Key Regulators of Inflammasome Signaling: A Current Perspective. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613613. [PMID: 33584697 PMCID: PMC7876066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic inflammatory signaling protein complexes that detect microbial materials, sterile inflammatory insults, and certain host-derived elements. Inflammasomes, once activated, promote caspase-1–mediated maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, leading to pyroptosis. Current advances in inflammasome research support their involvement in the development of chronic inflammatory disorders in contrast to their role in regulating innate immunity. Cannabis (marijuana) is a natural product obtained from the Cannabis sativa plant, and pharmacologically active ingredients of the plant are referred to as cannabinoids. Cannabinoids and cannabis extracts have recently emerged as promising novel drugs for chronic medical conditions. Growing evidence indicates the potent anti-inflammatory potential of cannabinoids, especially Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and synthetic cannabinoids; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Several attempts have been made to decipher the role of cannabinoids in modulating inflammasome signaling in the etiology of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss recently published evidence on the effect of cannabinoids on inflammasome signaling. We also discuss the contribution of various cannabinoids in human diseases concerning inflammasome regulation. Lastly, in the milieu of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we confer available evidence linking inflammasome activation to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 suggesting overall, the importance of cannabinoids as possible drugs to target inflammasome activation in or to support the treatment of a variety of human disorders including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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