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Paljevic E, Brekalo Prso I, Hrstic JV, Pezelj-Ribaric S, Persic Bukmir R. Impact of Smoking on the Healing of Apical Periodontitis after Nonsurgical Endodontic Treatment. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:124-130. [PMID: 36977477 PMCID: PMC10959606 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospective study was to compare the healing of periapical bone between smokers and nonsmokers after root canal therapy. The effects of duration and intensity of smoking on the healing rate of apical periodontitis were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five smokers were included in this study. The control group consisted of healthy nonsmokers who matched the smoker group in age and sex. Only teeth with a favorable periodontal prognosis and adequate coronal restoration were included in the study. The periapical status of treated teeth was assessed using the periapical index system at follow-ups after 6 and 12 months. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The chi-squared test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess the changes in periapical index score at baseline and in subsequent time intervals between the two groups examining dichotomized and ordinal data, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to test the association of independent variables age, gender, tooth type, arch type, and smoking index with the outcome variable. The outcome variable was set as the presence versus absence of apical periodontitis. RESULTS The analysis at 12-month follow-up revealed a significantly higher healing rate in control group than in smokers (90.9 vs. 58.2; χ2 = 13.846; p < 0.001). Smokers had significantly higher periapical index scores than the control group (p = 0.024). The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that an increase in the value of the smoking index significantly increases the risk of apical periodontitis persistence (odds ratio [OR] =7.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.51-23.28; p < 0.001) for smoking index < 400 and (OR = 9.65; 95% CI: 1.45-64.14; p = 0.019) for smoking index 400 to 799. CONCLUSION The results from this study show a lower rate of apical periodontitis healing in a group of smokers at 1-year follow-up. Delayed periapical healing seems to be associated with the cigarette smoking exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Paljevic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Brekalo Prso
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jelena Vidas Hrstic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sonja Pezelj-Ribaric
- Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Romana Persic Bukmir
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Torso NDG, Quintanilha JCF, Cursino MA, Pincinato EDC, Lima CSP, Moriel P. Data Normalization of Urine miRNA Profiling from Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated with Cisplatin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10884. [PMID: 37446060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The microRNA (miRNA) expression profile by qRT-PCR depends directly on the most appropriate normalization strategy adopted; however, currently there is no universally adequate reference gene. Therefore, this study aimed to determine, considering RNA-Seq results, the most adequate endogenous normalizer for use in the relative quantification of urine miRNAs from head and neck cancer patients, treated with cisplatin chemoradiotherapy. The massive sequencing was performed to identify the miRNAs differentially expressed between the group with cisplatin nephrotoxicity (n = 6) and the one without (n = 6). The candidate endogen normalizer was chosen according to four criteria: (1) the miRNA must be expressed in most samples; (2) the miRNA must have a fold change value between 0.99 and 1.01; (3) the miRNA must have a p-value ≥ 0.98; and (4) the miRNA must not be commented on by the final GeneGlobe (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) analysis. Four miRNAs met all the criteria (hsa-miR-363-5p, hsa-miR-875-5p, hsa-miR-4302, and hsa-miR-6749-5p) and were selected for validation by qRT-PCR in a cohort of 49 patients (including the 12 sequencing participants). Only hsa-miR-875-5p was shown to be an adequate normalizer for the experimental condition under investigation, as it exhibited invariant expression between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Moriel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083970, Brazil
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Abo Koura W, Ali AAR, Elhabashy M, Serag D, El Dahdouh S. Pulmonary changes among asymptomatic smokers using high-resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function tests. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/ecdt.ecdt_43_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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de Godoy Torso N, Visacri MB, Quintanilha JCF, Cursino MA, Pincinato EDC, Moriel P. Assessment of Renal Function in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated with Cisplatin: Different Biomarkers and Acute Kidney Injury Classifications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010141. [PMID: 36613585 PMCID: PMC9820437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is associated with dose-limiting nephrotoxicity, and the timely detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) can affect morbimortality. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the tools for monitoring renal function in AKI. This was a retrospective, cohort study. Cisplatin-treated patients with head and neck cancer were included. Nephrotoxicity was assessed using serum creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance, serum electrolytic alterations, and plasma kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). The toxicity severity was classified according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), and AKI was classified by Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) and Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN). A total of 81 participants were included, of whom only 32 did not have AKI. Almost 90% of participants had a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate five (D5) days after chemotherapy. The AKI estimate differs between AKIN and RIFLE; more participants were diagnosed by the RIFLE at D5, 19.5% versus 2.4% by AKIN, and fifteen had a discordance between these classifications. All laboratory markers showed significant changes on D5. KIM-1 appeared a possible biomarker when considering CTCAE or AKIN classifications (p < 0.05 on D5), but not when RIFLE classification was used (p = 0.0780). Further studies may seek to understand the profiles of different biomarkers together.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Moriel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-35218153
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Abstract
The world is witnessing a global epidemic of lung cancer in women. Cigarette smoking remains the dominant risk factor in both sexes, but multiple observations suggest that important sex-related distinctions in lung cancer exist. These include differences in histologic distribution, prevalence in never-smokers, frequency of activating EGFR mutations, likelihood of DNA adduct accumulation, and survival outcomes. Important questions such as whether women are more susceptible to carcinogenic effects of smoking or derive more benefit from lung cancer screening merit more study. A deeper understanding of sex-related differences in lung cancer may lead to improved outcomes for both women and men.
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Outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing sorafenib treatment: toxicities, cellular oxidative stress, treatment adherence, and quality of life. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:523-527. [PMID: 32107349 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of toxicities induced by sorafenib, as well as the identification of possible mechanisms and biomarkers of these toxicities, is important to improve the treatment and quality of life of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. This study focused on toxicities, cellular oxidative stress, adherence, and quality of life of 11 patients with HCC treated with sorafenib. Dermatotoxicity, myelotoxicity, gastro toxicity, nephrotoxicity, pain, and fatigue were investigated. For oxidative stress analysis, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and mitochondrial superoxide anion production was measured using MitoSOX Red test. Medication adherence was evaluated based on Morisky-Green and MedTake tests. Quality of life assessment was performed using EORTC QLQ C-30 and QLQ HCC18 questionnaires. The results showed that hand-foot syndrome (45.5%), thrombocytopenia (45.5%), diarrhea (54.5%), pain (54.5%), and fatigue (36.4%) were the most prevalent toxicities. A non-statistically significant change in the levels of superoxide anion was observed after the sorafenib treatment (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.4131). Moreover, 81.8% of patients had high adherence, 100% knew the correct indication of sorafenib, 81.8% knew the correct intake and drug regimen, and 36.4% knew the correct dose of antineoplastic. There was a significant worsening in the emotional and pain domains of quality of life after the sorafenib (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.0313 and P = 0.0313, respectively). A production of superoxide anion was not correlated with toxicities (Spearman's correlation and Mann-Whitney U tests, P > 0.05). This study suggests that oxidative stress might not be the mechanism of sorafenib toxicities.
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Visacri MB, Duarte NC, Lima TDM, de Souza RN, Cobaxo TS, Teixeira JC, Barbosa CR, Dias LP, Tavares MG, Pincinato EDC, Lima CS, Moriel P. Adverse reactions and adherence to capecitabine: A prospective study in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021; 28:326-336. [PMID: 33470162 DOI: 10.1177/1078155221989420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Capecitabine is an oral anticancer drug which can cause some adverse reactions and the great challenge for its use is to ensure the medication adherence. The aim of this study was to analyze adverse reactions and adherence to capecitabine in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. METHODS A prospective study was performed in a tertiary teaching hospital in Brazil. Outpatients undergoing capecitabine treatment for colorectal or gastric cancer were followed for three cycles of treatment. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics data were collected. Adverse reactions were analyzed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.4. Adherence to capecitabine were evaluated using Morisky-Green and MedTake tests. Statistical analysis was conducted using Chi-square, Fisher's exact and McNemer tests. RESULTS One hundred and four patients were enrolled in this study, with a mean age was 58.5 ± 10.9 years; 51.0% were men and 51.0% Caucasian. Nausea and diarrhea were the most frequently reported adverse reactions (82.7% and 62.5%, respectively), followed by vomiting (54.8%), fatigue (54.8%), and hand-foot syndrome (53.9%). Nausea and diarrhea were also the most severe adverse reactions. Most patients were adherent to capecitabine in all cycles of treatment using the Morisky-Green test. Adherence increased significantly between cycle 1 and cycle 2 by MedTake test (p < 0.001). Some demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with adverse reactions (e.g., age and nausea, gender and nausea and vomiting) and capecitabine adherence (e.g., marital status and educational level) as well as some adverse reactions were associated with capecitabine adherence (hand-foot syndrome and nausea). CONCLUSIONS Clinical oncology pharmacists must provide patient information on the correct use of capecitabine, manage adverse reactions, and monitor adherence to treatment. Strategies to prevent non-adherence to capecitabine must be adopted to ensure the success of pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília B Visacri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia C Duarte
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tácio de M Lima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael N de Souza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Cobaxo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - João Cc Teixeira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lara P Dias
- Hospital de Clínicas, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Eder de C Pincinato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carmen Sp Lima
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Moriel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Mohan A, Ansari A, Masroor M, Saxena A, Pandey RM, Upadhyay A, Luthra K, Khilnani GC, Jain D, Kumar R, Guleria R. Measurement of Serum EGFR mRNA Expression is a Reliable Predictor of Treatment Response and Survival Outcomes in Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3153-3163. [PMID: 33247670 PMCID: PMC8033130 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.11.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: EGFR over-expression plays a key role in the development and progression of lung cancer. However, its status as a prognostic biomarker for survival outcomes is unclear. Objectives: To evaluate the prognostic utility of serum EGFR mRNA expression in Non-Small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for treatment response and survival. Methods: EGFR mRNA levels were determined in serum using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Based on ROC curve, a cut off value of 16.0-fold increase was selected to categorize patients into low EGFR (≤ 16.0) and high EGFR (> 16.0) groups. Results: A total of 350 subjects were included (78.3% males), with mean (± SD) age of 57.1 (± 11.2) years, and including 247 (70.6%) adenocarcinoma (ADC). Majority (73.1%) had metastatic (stage IV) disease. Patients had higher pre-treatment serum EGFR mRNA levels than controls [median fold-increase (min, max), 16.2 (1.9, 66.7). Serum EGFR mRNA levels significantly reduced in those who achieved objective response and disease control. Significantly longer OS and PFS was observed in subjects having baseline EGFR mRNA expression ≤ 16.0 fold- increase compared to those with > 16.0 fold- increase [median (95% CI) OS: 25.0 (14.9, NR) versus 7.7 (6.3, 8.9) months; HR (95% CI) 2.9 (2.3, 4.0), p< 0.001; and PFS: 9.9 (7.1, 11.5) versus 6.0 (4.1, 7.5) months; HR (95% CI) 1.8 (1.3, 2.4), p< 0.001]. Conclusion: Serum EGFR mRNA expression is a useful parameter for predicting treatment response and survival outcomes in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashraf Ansari
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mirza Masroor
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Saxena
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - R M Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Ashish Upadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - G C Khilnani
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepali Jain
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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M.T C, Hosmane GB. Clinicopathological Profile of Patients with Lung Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Center. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Among malignant diseases, lung carcinoma is the most common cancer in men worldwide in terms of both incidence and mortality. Its increasing incidence in developing countries like India is an important public health problem. This work aimed to study the demographic, clinical, radiological, and histological features of patients with confirmed lung cancer.
Materials and Methods A total of 50 patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer at a tertiary care center in India from August 2016 to September 2018 were studied and analyzed.
Results Out of 50 diagnosed lung cancer patients, 86% were men and 14% women; 31 (62%) patients were aged more than 60 years. Majority were smokers (84%) and all were men. Cough (94%) was the most common presenting symptom followed by dyspnea (68%), chest pain (48%), and hemoptysis (38%). Of the 50 patients, 29 (58%) had soft tissue density mass lesion on radiograph. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the diagnosed histological cell type in 24 (48%) patients and adenocarcinoma in 21 (42%) patients. Distant metastasis was observed in 20 (40%) patients.
Conclusion In this study, the most common histopathological cell type is SCC. Patients aged more than 50 years and smokers are at high risk of lung cancer. Patients with a smoking history and persistent respiratory symptoms should be promptly evaluated for lung malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramouli M.T
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Giridhar Belur Hosmane
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Pachori G, Toor SS, Sharma R, Bayla T. Utility of Image Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Intra-Thoracic Lesions with Emphasis on Lung Cancer Detection. J Cytol 2020; 37:136-140. [PMID: 33088032 PMCID: PMC7542043 DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_109_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Fine Needle aspiration cytology has emerged as an essential pre-biopsy investigation to rule out or confirm malignancy in superficial as well as deep seated lesions. Radiological assistance has proved to be a blessing for obtaining adequate samples. With unwavering leading position of lung cancer in terms of incidence and mortality, it has become necessary to study the trends of our population and assess the usefulness of techniques aiding in early diagnosis. The objective is to obtain prevalence of lung cancer and utility of various methods in obtaining cytological material for assessment in intrathoracic lesions. Material and Methods We conducted an observational analytic study at a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 3.5 years including a total of 307 patients with suspected lung malignancy. Samples were collected using image guided techniques including Fibre-optic bronchoscopy (FOB), Ultra-sonography (USG) and Computed tomography (CT). The smears were processed as per standard institutional protocol and were evaluated by a senior pathologist. Results Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent type of Primary lung malignancy, followed by adenocarcinoma. The malignancies were more common in males and in age group of 61 to 70 years. Conclusion Respiratory cytology remains the initial mode of investigation in intra-thoracic malignancies. The high sensitivity, low-cost and rapidity of the results works its advantages for both the patient and the clinician. High cellular yield obtained with the use of trans-bronchial needle aspiration and bronchial brushing rationalizes their use as a screening test to establish both malignant as well as non-malignant diagnoses. Further improvement in utilization of the available modalities and addition of ancillary testing can reduce the need of invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tushar Bayla
- Government, Medical College, Bhilwara, Rajasthan, India
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Domvri K, Porpodis K, Zisi P, Apostolopoulos A, Cheva A, Papamitsou T, Papakosta D, Kontakiotis T. Epidemiology of lung cancer in Northern Greece: An 18-year hospital-based cohort study focused on the differences between smokers and non-smokers. Tob Induc Dis 2020; 18:22. [PMID: 32265616 PMCID: PMC7132575 DOI: 10.18332/tid/118718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer incidence, yet, in Greece, country-level registry-based data are limited. We have thus investigated the epidemiology of lung cancer and its trends in the George Papanikolaou Hospital, Northern Greece over 18 years (2000–2018). METHODS We analyzed all the cases reported in the Bronchoscopy Unit of the Hospital for the period 2000–2018. In total, 15131 subjects (12300 males and 2831 females) that presented with a mass in the imaging, were submitted to bronchoscopy. Characteristics of patients such as age, sex, smoking history and occupation were collected. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 21.0 software package. RESULTS Among all subjects, a total of 5628 (37.2%; mean age: 65.85 ± 9.6 years) cases of primary lung cancer were identified with a male to female ratio of 2:1 (41.1% to 20.4%) (p<0.001). Squamous cell lung cancer was the most common type of lung cancer identified in this population (44%) with a higher proportion in males compared to females (p<0.001). Furthermore, adenocarcinoma was mostly observed in female non-smokers compared to males (p<0.001). The majority of lung cancer cases were identified in patients occupied with agriculture and livestock breeding (41.1%). The mean age at lung cancer diagnosis was 66.13 ± 9.19 years for the whole study population. Lung cancer cases observed with a higher mean of 43.93 ± 10.84 years of smoking compared to cancer-free patients with 39.64 ± 13.23 years of smoking (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Apart from smoking, demographic characteristics including age, sex and occupation appear to have an impact on lung cancer development in this population. Smoking history alone could not predict the development of lung cancer in the studied northern Greek population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Domvri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Porpodis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiota Zisi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos Apostolopoulos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angeliki Cheva
- Laboratory of Pathology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Papakosta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros Kontakiotis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Pincinato EC, Costa EFD, Lopes-Aguiar L, Nogueira GAS, Lima TRP, Visacri MB, Costa APL, Lourenço GJ, Calonga L, Mariano FV, Altemani AMAM, Coutinho-Camillo C, Chone CT, Ramos CD, Altemani JMC, Moriel P, Lima CSP. GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms in outcomes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with cisplatin chemoradiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9312. [PMID: 31249357 PMCID: PMC6597539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) combined with radiotherapy (RT) is employed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with variable toxicities and clinical response. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) participate in CDDP excretion from cells, and genes encoding GSTs, GSTM1, GSTT1and GSTP1, are polymorphic in humans. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the roles of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms in outcomes of HNSCC patients treated with CDDP chemoradiation. Ninety patients were genotyped by multiplex PCR. Urinary CDDP measurements were performed by HPLC. Treatment side effects and response were analysed by conventional criteria. Patients with GSTT1 genes showed 7.23- and 5.37-fold higher likelihood of presenting vomiting and ototoxicity, lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and lower elimination of CDDP in urine relative to patients with deleted genes. Patients harbouring the GSTP1 IleVal or ValVal genotypes showed 4.28-fold higher likelihood of presenting grade 2 or 3 vomiting and lower GFR with treatment than those harbouring the IleIle genotype. In multivariate Cox analysis, patients with the GSTP1 105ValVal genotype had 3.87 more chance of presenting disease progression than those with the IleIle or IleVal genotype (p < 0.01). Our findings provide preliminary evidence that inherited abnormalities in CDDP metabolism, related to GSTT1 and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms, alter outcomes of HNSCC patients treated with CDDP and RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder C Pincinato
- Clinical Oncology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Health and Biological Science Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ericka F D Costa
- Clinical Oncology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leisa Lopes-Aguiar
- Clinical Oncology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A S Nogueira
- Clinical Oncology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tathiane R P Lima
- Clinical Oncology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília B Visacri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna P L Costa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J Lourenço
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane Calonga
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda V Mariano
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albina M A M Altemani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos T Chone
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso D Ramos
- Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João M C Altemani
- Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Moriel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen S P Lima
- Clinical Oncology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Visacri MB, Quintanilha JCF, de Sousa VM, Amaral LS, de F. L. Ambrósio R, Calonga L, Curi SFBB, de T. Leme MF, Chone CT, Altemani JMC, Mazzola PG, Malaguti C, Vercesi AE, Lima CSP, Moriel P. Can acetylcysteine ameliorate cisplatin-induced toxicities and oxidative stress without decreasing antitumor efficacy? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving patients with head and neck cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2020-2030. [PMID: 30977273 PMCID: PMC6536930 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective antioxidant activity of acetylcysteine (NAC) against toxicity due to cisplatin has been reported in experimental models; however, its efficacy in patients has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of NAC on cisplatin-induced toxicity and the effect of NAC on clinical response and oxidative stress in patients treated for head and neck cancer. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in patients receiving high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy concomitant to radiotherapy. Patients were randomly assigned to groups and received: (a) 600 mg NAC syrup, orally once daily at night for 7 consecutive days or (b) placebo, administered similarly to NAC. Nephro-, oto-, hepato-, myelo-, and gastrointestinal toxicities, clinical responses, and plasma and cellular markers of oxidative stress were evaluated. Fifty-seven patients were included (n = 28, NAC arm; and n = 29, placebo arm). A high prevalence of most types of toxicities was observed after cisplatin chemotherapy; however, the parameters were similar between the two groups. There was a predominance of partial response to treatment. In the cellular and plasmatic oxidative stress analyses, minor differences were observed. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups for all outcomes. These findings show that low-dose oral NAC does not protect patients with head and neck cancer from cisplatin-induced toxicities and oxidative stress. The antitumor efficacy of cisplatin was apparently not impaired by NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laís S. Amaral
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of CampinasCampinasBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carina Malaguti
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of CampinasCampinasBrazil
| | | | | | - Patricia Moriel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CampinasCampinasBrazil
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Kaur H, Sehgal IS, Bal A, Gupta N, Behera D, Das A, Singh N. Evolving epidemiology of lung cancer in India: Reducing non-small cell lung cancer-not otherwise specified and quantifying tobacco smoke exposure are the key. Indian J Cancer 2018; 54:285-290. [PMID: 29199707 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_597_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent histological type of lung cancer (LC) in developed countries while squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) has so far been the most common type at our center. Herein, we report our continued assessment of the epidemiological trend of LC aimed at determining any change in the histological distribution. METHODS Retrospective analysis involving all consecutive newly diagnosed LC patients over a 4-year period (March 2011-February 2015). Demographic characteristics, histology, and staging data for current data set were compared with our previously published data (2008-2011). As before, smoking index (SI) was used to group patients as never (SI = 0), light (SI = 1-100), moderate (SI = 101-300), and heavy (SI ≥301) smokers. RESULTS Majority of 1301 patients had advanced disease (Stages IIIB = 30.1%; IV = 53.3%), were males (82.3%) and current/ex-smokers (76.9%). Adenocarcinoma and SqCC (36.4% each) were equally prevalent. As compared to our previous study, adenocarcinoma increased (36.4% vs. 27.5%) and nonsmall cell lung cancer-not otherwise specified (NSCLC-NOS) decreased (5.1% vs. 10.9%) significantly (P < 0.001). The current study had more heavy smokers (68.3% vs. 61.1%; P = 0.013) and median SI was also higher (500 vs. 400; P = 0.001). Among SI-based groups, significant differences were observed for age, gender, body mass index, histology, TNM stage, and metastatic disease distribution. CONCLUSION Reduction in NSCLC-NOS has led to adenocarcinoma and SqCC being equally prevalent at our center in North India despite an increase in heavy smokers. Accurate histological NSCLC subtyping is necessary for optimal epidemiological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kaur
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - I S Sehgal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Bal
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - N Gupta
- Department of Cytology and Gynecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - D Behera
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Das
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - N Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Yogananda MN, Muthu V, Prasad KT, Kohli A, Behera D, Singh N. Utility of the revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS-r) and the Patient-Reported Functional Status (PRFS) in lung cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2018; 26:767-775. [PMID: 29027005 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-017-3887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptom palliation is an important objective of treatment in advanced/metastatic lung cancer (LC). Significant psychological, minor physical symptoms and several social/emotional issues often go unnoticed. This prospective study aimed to evaluate utility of patients' perspectives [self-reported symptom assessment by revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS-r) and self-reported functional status by Patient-Reported Functional Status (PRFS)] amongst LC patients undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS Consecutive newly diagnosed treatment-naïve LC patients attending a tertiary referral center in North India from January 2014 to March 2015 were included. All patients received standard histology-guided platinum-doublet chemotherapy. ESAS-r and PRFS questionnaires were administered under guidance, once at the time of initial assessment/diagnosis, repeated at start of chemotherapy, before C4, and after completion of chemotherapy (end of chemotherapy (EOCTx)). Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung (FACT-L) questionnaire was also administered. Baseline and post-treatment scores were compared. RESULTS Majority of 133 patients enrolled were males (86.5%,n = 115), were current/ex-smokers (81.2%, n = 108), had advanced stage [IIIB = 30.1% (n = 40), IV = 52.6% (n = 70)], and were of non-small-cell type (NSCLC;84.2%,n = 112). On baseline ESAS-r, the highest mean symptom scores were observed for tiredness followed by anorexia. Mean ESAS-r scores before C4 as well as at EOCTX were significantly better than baseline ESAS-r scores in all its components except nausea. Similarly, PRFS before C4 and EOCTx was significantly improved compared to baseline. However, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status assessed at baseline did not show significant improvement at treatment completion. FACT-L score at EOCTx showed significant improvement from baseline in physical and functional well-being domains but not for social/family and emotional well-being domains. CONCLUSION This study validated utility of ESAS-r and PRFS in Indian LC patients. These instruments should be used in routine clinical practice besides physicians' assessment of PS (KPS/ECOG).
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Yogananda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Valliappan Muthu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Adarsh Kohli
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Digambar Behera
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Navneet Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Singh N, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Behera D. Prevalence of low body mass index among newly diagnosed lung cancer patients in North India and its association with smoking status. Thorac Cancer 2018; 2:27-31. [PMID: 27755836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1759-7714.2010.00037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited data from South Asia on the prevalence of low body mass index (BMI) among newly diagnosed lung cancer patients at presentation and its association with smoking status. A retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients is presented here. Patients were categorized as normal/overweight (BMI ≥ 18.50 kg/m2 ; group I), mild/moderately underweight (BMI = 16.00-18.49 kg/m2 ; group II) or severely underweight (BMI < 16.0 kg/m2 ; group III). Smoking status was assessed using the smoking index (SI; product of number of bidis/cigarettes smoked per day with number of years smoked). Based on the SI, patients were categorized as never-smokers, light/moderate smokers [SI = 1-300] and heavy smokers [SI ≥ 301]. A low BMI was present in 155 (44.3%) patients. Compared to group I, patients in groups II and III had higher percentages of men and current/ex-smokers. On univariate logistic regression analysis (LRA), SI = 1-300 [odds ratio (OR) = 2.75; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.27-5.97] and SI ≥ 301 [OR = 4.57; 95% CI = 2.20-9.49] were associated with higher odds of the presence of low BMI among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients while female sex had lower odds [OR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.16-0.72]. On multivariate LRA, only SI ≥ 301 [OR = 3.74; 95% CI = 1.59-8.80] had a significant association with occurrence of low BMI. Low BMI is common among newly diagnosed lung cancer patients in North India. Heavy smoking is independently associated with presence of low BMI at presentation among NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashutosh N Aggarwal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dheeraj Gupta
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Digambar Behera
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Cisplatin-induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cells’ oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in head and neck cancer patients: the influence of hydrogen peroxide. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 440:139-145. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Visacri MB, Pincinato EDC, Ferrari GB, Quintanilha JCF, Mazzola PG, Lima CSP, Moriel P. Adverse drug reactions and kinetics of cisplatin excretion in urine of patients undergoing cisplatin chemotherapy and radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: a prospective study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 25:12. [PMID: 28438219 PMCID: PMC5404337 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-017-0178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Cisplatin is a high-potency anticancer agent; however, it causes significant adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Potential pharmacokinetic markers must be studied to predict or prevent cisplatin-induced ADRs and achieve better prognosis. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between ADRs and kinetics of cisplatin excretion in the urine of patients undergoing high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy and radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Methods Outpatients with head and neck cancer received a first cycle of high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy (80–100 mg/m2) concurrent to radiotherapy. ADRs (haematological, renal, and gastrointestinal reactions) were classified based on severity by National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE, version 4, grade 0–4). The kinetics of cisplatin excretion in urine was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography over three time periods: 0–12, 12–24, and 24–48 h after the administration of cisplatin. Spearman Correlation test and regression analysis were performed to assess the relationship between ADRs and cisplatin excretion in the urine. Results In total, 59 patients with a mean age of 55.6 ± 9.4 years were analysed; most patients were male (86.4%), white (79.7%), and with pharyngeal tumours in advanced stages (66.1%). The most frequently observed ADRs were anaemia (81.4%), lymphopenia (78%), and nausea (64.4%); mostly grades 1 and 2 of toxicity. The mean cisplatin excretion was 70.3 ± 64.4, 7.3 ± 6.3, and 5 ± 4 μg/mg creatinine at 0–12, 12–24, and 24–48 h, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the amount of cisplatin excreted did not influence the severity of ADRs. Conclusions The most frequent ADRs were anaemia, lymphopenia, and nausea. Grades 1 and 2 were the severities for most ADRs. The period over which the highest cisplatin excretion observed was 0–12 h after chemotherapy, and cisplatin excretion could not predict toxicity. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Berlofa Visacri
- School of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Zip Code 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eder de Carvalho Pincinato
- Department of Biological and Health Science Center, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Rua da Consolação 896, Consolação, Zip Code 01302-907, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Graziele Baldan Ferrari
- School of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Zip Code 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia Coelho França Quintanilha
- School of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Zip Code 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Gava Mazzola
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cândido Portinari, 200, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz" - Barão Geraldo, Zip Code 13083-871, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carmen Silvia Passos Lima
- School of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Zip Code 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Moriel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cândido Portinari, 200, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz" - Barão Geraldo, Zip Code 13083-871, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Bala S, Gundeti S, Linga VG, Maddali LS, Digumarti RR, Uppin SG. Clinicopathological features and outcomes in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer with tailored therapy. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2017; 37:242-250. [PMID: 28144090 PMCID: PMC5234160 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.195735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Lung cancer is an important cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There is an increasing incidence of lung cancer in never smokers and a shift of histology from squamous cell to adenocarcinoma globally in the recent past. Data on treatment outcomes with newer platinum doublets is scant from India. Aims: To study the clinicopathological features, response rates (RRs), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and the 1, 2, and 3 years survival, in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Data of all patients who received chemotherapy for Stage IIIB and IV NSCLC between January 2010 and June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Statistical Analysis Used: Univariate analysis for OS was done by plotting Kaplan–Meier curves and the log-rank test was used to calculate P values. Logistic regression analysis for OS was carried out using MedCalc statistical software. Results: A total of 353 patients received chemotherapy. Of these, 256 were evaluable for outcome parameters. The median age at presentation was 58 years with a male:female ratio of 2.53:1. The smoker:nonsmoker ratio was 1:1. Adenocarcinomatous histology was the most common both in smokers and nonsmokers reported in 70.8% patients. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase translocation were seen in 35% and 3% of patients, respectively. The RR, median PFS, OS, 1, 2, and 3 years survival were 80%, 8 months, 12.1 months, 51.5%, 12.7%, and 4.2%, respectively. There was no significant survival difference among the treatment regimen used but the response to I line chemotherapy impacted survival. Female gender, performance status, and nonsquamous histology were significant predictors of OS (P = 0.0443, P = 0.0003, P = 0.048, respectively). Conclusions: There was an increase in the incidence of nonsmokers. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histology in both smokers and nonsmokers. Treatment outcomes in advanced lung cancer were better compared to the past with the advent of newer platinum doublets and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The response to first-line chemotherapy significantly impacts outcomes in advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stalin Bala
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sadashivudu Gundeti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vijay Gandhi Linga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lakshmi Srinivas Maddali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Raghunadha Rao Digumarti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shantveer G Uppin
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Prasad KT, Sehgal IS, Shivaprakash MR, Dhooria S. Uncommon mycosis in a patient with diabetes. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2016-214453. [PMID: 26917800 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-214453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection that usually occurs in immunocompromised individuals. Meningitis is the most frequent presentation; uncommonly, a disseminated form occurs. Cryptococcosis can sometimes occur in immunocompetent individuals with certain predisposing conditions such as diabetes mellitus. However, disseminated cryptococcosis is exceedingly rare in these individuals. A 48-year-old man presented with a lung mass and was initially suspected to have bronchogenic carcinoma. However, on further evaluation, it turned out to be disseminated cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus gattii, with pulmonary, pleural and meningeal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Inderpaul Singh Sehgal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - M R Shivaprakash
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sahajal Dhooria
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Tuan BT, Visacri MB, Amaral LS, Baldini D, Ferrari GB, Quintanilha JCF, Pincinato EC, Mazzola PG, Lima CSP, Moriel P. Effects of High-Dose Cisplatin Chemotherapy and Conventional Radiotherapy on Urinary Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Biomarkers in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 118:83-6. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna T. Tuan
- Faculty of Medical Sciences; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | | | - Laís S. Amaral
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - Daniele Baldini
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | | | | | - Eder C. Pincinato
- Faculty of Medical Sciences; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
- Department of Biological and Health Science Center; Mackenzie Presbyterian University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Priscila G. Mazzola
- Faculty of Medical Sciences; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - Carmen S. P. Lima
- Faculty of Medical Sciences; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - Patricia Moriel
- Faculty of Medical Sciences; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
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Bhaumik S, Arora M, Singh A, Sargent JD. Impact of entertainment media smoking on adolescent smoking behaviours. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Arora
- Public Health Foundation of India; Health Promotion and Tobacco Control; PHD House, Second Floor, 4/2 Sirifort Institutional Area, August Kranti Marg New Delhi India 110 016
| | - Ankur Singh
- The University of Adelaide; Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry; 122 Frome Street Cnr Pirie Street Adelaide South Australia Australia SA 5000
| | - James D Sargent
- Dartmouth Medical School; Pediatrics & Norris Cotton Cancer Center; One Medical Center Drive Lebanon New Hampshire USA
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Evaluation of the quality of life of patients before treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck by means of chemoradiotherapy. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2015; 19:148-53. [PMID: 26034394 PMCID: PMC4444448 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2015.51420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study To identify predictors of quality of life (QOL) in head and neck cancer patients prior to cisplatin chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment. Material and methods A cross-sectional study at a Clinical Oncology department of a teaching hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from September 2011 to October 2012 was performed. QOL was assessed using the University of Washington QOL Questionnaire. Demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained through interviews with patients and collected from medical records. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine the association between QOL scores and patient-related factors. Results We studied 48 head and neck cancer patients, who were mostly white (77.1%), males (83.3%), with pharyngeal cancers (66.7%), cancers with stage T4 (45.8%) and N1 (31.2%) tumours, and classified with a Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) of 90% (37.5%). Patients had excellent scores for saliva (96.2 ±13.5) and shoulder (93.6 ±17.9), with pain and anxiety being the most affected domains (59.6 ±32.4 and 57.5 ±39.2, respectively). A significant relationship of KPS and T stage with overall QOL score was noted. The population with lowest overall QOL score was those who had low KPS scores and T4 tumours. Conclusions Head and neck cancer patients prior to cisplatin chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment, with a low KPS and staged as T4 tumours, have worse overall QOL, and special attention should be given to these patients.
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Singh N, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Behera D, Jindal SK. Quantified smoking status and non-small cell lung cancer stage at presentation: analysis of a North Indian cohort and a systematic review of literature. J Thorac Dis 2013; 4:474-84. [PMID: 23050111 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2012.05.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are variable observations in published literature regarding smoking status and stage of lung cancer (LC) with positive, negative and no associations being reported. In particular, data regarding the association of quantified smoking status (QSS) with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stage at the time of diagnosis is limited. In India, bidi - the hand rolled form of tobacco wrapped in the dried tendu leaf - is the most common smoking product. The current study was conducted to assess stage differences, if any, based upon QSS, among newly diagnosed LC patients. METHODS A systematic review of English literature was performed for previous publications that had assessed NSCLC stage differences in relation to QSS. Collected data on demographic and disease characteristics of 654 LC patients presenting to the authors' institute was also analyzed. Smoking index (SI) was used for QSS and was defined as number of bidis and cigarettes smoked per day multiplied by years smoked. Patients were categorized as never-smokers [Group I, n=151]; light/moderate smokers (SI=1-300) [Group II, n=202] and heavy smokers (SI ≥301) [Group III, n=301]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis (LRA) was performed to derive adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Among the 520 NSCLC patients, mean [standard deviation (SD)] age in groups I, II and III was 54.5 (12.5), 58.6 (9.9) and 61.2 (9.4) years respectively (P<0.001). Percentage of males in the three groups was 48.1%, 88.0%, and 97.9% (P<0.001). Age and gender differences between groups I, II and III were also significant among 134 small cell lung cancer patients with mean (SD) ages of 44.0 (10.6), 55.7 (10.3) and 58.9 (9.3) years (P<0.001) and percentage of males being 50.0%, 90.4% and 95.5% respectively (P<0.001). Among NSCLC patients, distribution in groups I, II and III respectively of squamous (28.1%, 50.0% and 57.9%) and non-squamous histologies (59.3%, 37.3% and 27.2%) differed significantly (P<0.001). Stage distribution observed for NSCLC patients in groups I, II and III respectively was as follows: stages I-IIIA (8.1%, 19.3 and 18.7%), stage IIIB (24.4%, 34.7% and 42.1%) and stage IV (67.4%, 46.0% and 39.1%). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Differences remained significant (P<0.001) for presence of extrathoracic disease [ETD] (41.5%, 28.0% and 16.6%). On multivariate LRA, SI ≥301 was the only variable that was independently associated with both advanced stage (IIIB-IV) [OR=0.25 (95% CI=0.11-0.61)] and ETD [OR=0.29 (95% CI=0.16-0.53)] at presentation. CONCLUSIONS Among newly diagnosed NSCLC patients in North India, significant differences exist, based upon SI, for disease stage. Heavy smoking was independently associated with lower odds of having advanced stage as well as with lower odds of having ETD at the time of diagnosis. This observation of the current study however requires confirmation by larger prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
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Torok S, Hegedus B, Laszlo V, Hoda MA, Ghanim B, Berger W, Klepetko W, Dome B, Ostoros G. Lung cancer in never smokers. Future Oncol 2012; 7:1195-211. [PMID: 21992731 DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS) is the seventh leading cause of death among solid tumors. The main risk factor for lung cancer is smoking; however, approximately 15% of lung cancer patients have never smoked. LCINS is more frequent in women, irrespective of geographical location, nevertheless, the highest incidence has been found in South-East Asia. The histological incidence of adenocarcinoma is higher in the group of never smokers than squamous cell carcinoma. There is a familial clustering of lung cancer that is more pronounced in never smokers, where the family history was associated with an increased risk. Genome-wide association studies identified certain chromosomal aberrations in LCINS. Furthermore, the oncogenic mutation pattern is distinct in nonsmoking patients: activating mutations of EGFR or anaplastic lymphoma kinase are more frequent. The etiology of LCINS includes several environmental factors as well, such as environmental tobacco smoke, viral and hormonal factors, a variety of pulmonary diseases and certain occupational exposures. It is now established that EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment (erlotinib and geftinib) in lung cancer is more effective in LCINS, owing to the higher incidence of EGFR mutation in nonsmokers. Despite the growing body of information on LCINS in recent years there is a need to further investigate the pathogenesis of this particular lung cancer. Future studies on LCINS should try to tackle the issues of prevention, early diagnosis and the exploration of novel therapeutic targets to combat lung cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Torok
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
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Panda R, Mathur MR, Divya P, Srivastava S, Ramachandra SS. Health system preparedness for tobacco control: situational analysis of existing health programs in andhra pradesh, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:5969-73. [PMID: 23464387 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.5969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Andhra Pradesh (AP) is one of the largest tobacco producing states in India. About 29% of adults in AP currently use tobacco in some form. Almost 24% of males and 4% of females are smokers. The prevalence of tobacco use in the state is higher than the national average of 15% for male and 2% for female smokers. However, few attempts have been made to understand the current situation of tobacco control resources, activities and strategies in the context of such a high tobacco prevalence state. The present study aimed to identify the gaps in existing tobacco control program and areas where tobacco control efforts can be integrated. METHODS Data were collected using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a total of 95 key officials of state health departments, program managers, and project directors in six districts to understand ongoing tobacco control efforts. To facilitate the interviews, semi-structured guides were developed. Simple descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the quantitative data using SPSS version 17. RESULTS The results of the situational analysis suggest that a sufficient health workforce and infrastructure with the potential to integrate tobacco control activities is available in the surveyed districts. However, lack of integration of the tobacco control program intothe tuberculosis control program and the National Rural Health Mission was observed. Information, education and communication activities were lacking at block level health facilities. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that lack of trained health professionals, paucity of dedicated funds, lack of information, education and communication materials and low priority given to tobacco control activities are some of the factors which impede integration of tobacco control into existing health and developmental programmes in the districts of Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajmohan Panda
- Health System Reseach, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
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Prasad R, Ahuja RC, Singhal S, Srivastava AN, James P, Kesarwani V, Singh D. A case-control study of bidi smoking and bronchogenic carcinoma. Ann Thorac Med 2011; 5:238-41. [PMID: 20981185 PMCID: PMC2954379 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1737.69116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risks imposed by tobacco smoking, in particular, bidi smoking, in the development of lung cancer. METHODS: Two hundred eighty-four histologically confirmed patients of bronchogenic carcinoma and 852 controls matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status were interviewed according to a predesigned questionnaire. Effects of individual variables defining the various aspects of tobacco smoking, in particular, bidi smoking, were assessed using logistic regression models. RESULTS: 81.3% cases of bronchogenic carcinoma were ever smokers as compared with 42.2% among controls. The odd ratios for ever smoking, bidi smoking, and cigarette smoking were 5.9 (confidence interval [CI] 4.3, 8.4), 6.1 (CI 4.3, 8.7), and 5.3 (CI 2.7, 10.4), respectively. CONCLUSION: Bidi smoking poses a very high risk for lung cancer even more than that of cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Prasad
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Chatrapati Sahuji Maharaj Medical University (Erstwhile K.G. Medical University), Lucknow, India.
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Unchanging clinico-epidemiological profile of lung cancer in north India over three decades. Cancer Epidemiol 2010; 34:101-4. [PMID: 20079703 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2009.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the recent past, adenocarcinoma has become the commonest histological type of lung cancer (LC) in the developed countries. The present study was conducted to assess the change in epidemiology of LC, if any, in North India. METHODS Prospectively collected data on 250 newly diagnosed LC patients presenting to a tertiary care institute was analyzed. Results were compared with the previously published data from this center. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in the demographical, histological or smoking profiles of LC patients compared to those seen three decades earlier. The mean [standard deviation] age was 57.9 [+/-11.3] years (previously 54.3 years). Male to female ratio was 4.43:1 (previously 4.48:1; p=0.952) while the smoker to non-smoker ratio was 2.67:1 (previously 2.68:1; p=0.980). The commonest histological types were squamous cell (34.8%), adenocarcinoma (26.0%) and small cell (18.4%) while previously these were 34.3%, 25.9% and 20.3%, respectively; p=0.916. However, in the present study, significant differences were observed between smokers and non-smokers in relation to distribution of gender, histology and disease stage. CONCLUSIONS There has been no significant change in the epidemiology of LC in North India over the past three decades. An absence of change in the smoking pattern of the population could be a possible reason.
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Rawat J, Sindhwani G, Gaur D, Dua R, Saini S. Clinico-pathological profile of lung cancer in Uttarakhand. Lung India 2009; 26:74-6. [PMID: 20442840 PMCID: PMC2862510 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.53229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the most aggressive and prevalent type of malignancy causing high morbidity and mortality. Tobacco smoking continues to be the leading cause of lung cancer worldwide. An increasing incidence of lung cancer has been observed in India. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinico, a pathological profile of the lung cancer in hilly state of Uttrakhand. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of histopathologically proven cases of bronchogenic carcinoma admitted in our hospital from January 1998 to August 2005. RESULTS Our study included 203 patients with confirmed cases of lung cancer. Male to female ratio was 8.2:1. The common age group being 40-60 years, 9.86% of the patients were less than 40 years old age. Smoking was found to be the main risk factor in 81.77% patients. The most frequent symptom was cough (72.90%) followed by fever (58.12%). The most common radiological presentation was mess lesion (46.31%). The most common histopathological type was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (44.83%) followed by adenocarcinoma (19.78%) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) (16.75%). The majority patients (73.29%) were diagnosed in the later stages of the disease (III B and IV). CONCLUSION It was found out that SCC was the most frequent histopathological form. SCLC predominates below 40 year and SCC over 60 years of age. Smoking still remains the major risk factors in pathogenesis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Rawat
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Girish Sindhwani
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dushyant Gaur
- Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ruchi Dua
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sunil Saini
- Department of Oncology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Abstract
In the early 1900s, lung cancer was a rare malignancy in women, but starting from the 1960s it has progressively reached epidemic proportions, surpassing breast cancer in 1987 and becoming the leading cause of cancer deaths in many countries. Retrospective data show that the 5-year survival rate for women who have lung cancer is 15.6%, compared with 12.5% for men, and this improved survival could have important implications in the design and interpretation of lung cancer trials. Women have major responses to therapy regardless of stage, therapeutic modalities or histology. The increase of lung cancer incidence among women is reflected in their clinical trial participation, causing a survival improvement and suggesting the need of stratification by sex in future studies. No specific drugs for women with lung cancer are currently available, but researchers are devoting energies in this area in order to better understand the implication of gender differences in epidemiology, pathogenesis, prognosis and tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Novello
- University of Torino – Department of Clinical & Biological Sciences, S. Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano (Torino), Italy
| | - Tiziana Vavalà
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Monti Tiburtini 385, 00157 Roma, Italy
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Abstract
Although most lung cancers are a result of smoking, approximately 25% of lung cancer cases worldwide are not attributable to tobacco use, accounting for over 300,000 deaths each year. Striking differences in the epidemiological, clinical and molecular characteristics of lung cancers arising in never smokers versus smokers have been identified, suggesting that they are separate entities. This Review summarizes our current knowledge of this unique and poorly understood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sun
- Division of Haematology and Oncology and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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CHANDRASHEKHAR TS, BINU VS, VADIVELU G, MALLIK S, KURIEN R, JOSHI HS. Clinicopathological profile of primary bronchogenic carcinoma treated in a tertiary care hospital of western Nepal. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-7563.2006.00046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Soldz S, Dorsey E. Youth attitudes and beliefs toward alternative tobacco products: cigars, bidis, and kreteks. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2005; 32:549-66. [PMID: 16009750 DOI: 10.1177/1090198105276219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Youth use of cigars, bidis, and kreteks has spread as youth cigarette use has declined. This study investigates young people's attitudes toward and beliefs about these alternative tobacco products. The study used data from a convenience sample survey of 5,016 7th-through 12th-grade students in Massachusetts. The cigar attitudes receiving the highest endorsement levels were that cigars smell good and are something different to try, whereas the item receiving the lowest endorsement was that cigars give you a goodbuzz. The most endorsed bidi attitudes were that bid is look like joints and are something different to try. For kreteks, the most endorsed items were that kreteks smell good and are something different to try. Multivariate analyses found that reporting that these products tasted, smelled good, or were something different to try predicted use. Because the study was conducted with a convenience sample in one state, results do not necessarily generalize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Soldz
- Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis, Brookline, Massachusetts 02446, USA.
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Prasad R, James P, Kesarwani V, Gupta R, Pant MC, Chaturvedi A, Shrivastava AN. Clinicopathological study of bronchogenic carcinoma. Respirology 2004; 9:557-60. [PMID: 15612970 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2004.00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to explore the clinicopathological profile of bronchogenic carcinoma. METHODOLOGY Four hundred consecutive patients with histopathologically proven bronchogenic carcinoma, hospitalized between 1985 and 1999 at a large teaching and tertiary care referral hospital at King George's Medical University in Lucknow, India, were analysed. RESULTS The average age of the bronchogenic carcinoma patients was 57 years; 9.8% of patients were less than 40 years of age; the ratio of male to female patients was 4.3:1.0; 71% were smokers; and 87% of the smoking patients were bidi smokers. The most common histological type was squamous-cell carcinoma (46.5%), followed by adenocarcinoma (18.5%) and small-cell carcinoma (18.2%). The majority of patients (74.2%) were diagnosed in the late stages of the disease (IIIb and IV). CONCLUSION Bidi smoking is an important contributory factor in the development of bronchogenic carcinoma in India, and approximately 25% of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma are non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
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Soldz S, Huyser DJ, Dorsey E. Characteristics of users of cigars, bidis, and kreteks and the relationship to cigarette use. Prev Med 2003; 37:250-8. [PMID: 12914831 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-7435(03)00121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the 1990s, youth use of alternative tobacco products including cigars, bidis, and kreteks increased. This article discusses the prevalence of youth use of cigars, bidis, and kreteks, and characteristics of users. METHODS The Cigar Use Reasons Evaluation (CURE)-a questionnaire assessing alternative tobacco use and associated attitudes and behaviors-was administered to middle and high school students from 12 school districts across Massachusetts. RESULTS Males were more likely to use all forms of alternative tobacco and females more likely to smoke cigarettes. Hispanics were less likely to smoke kreteks or use smokeless tobacco. Urban students were more likely to smoke bidis or use smokeless tobacco than suburban or rural youth. Most smokeless and alternative tobacco users were lifetime cigarette smokers. There was, however, a significant group of cigar smokers, associated with higher parental education, who were not current cigarette smokers. CONCLUSIONS Use of alternative tobacco poses a risk to the success of tobacco control efforts. While many alternative tobacco users smoke cigarettes, some alternative tobacco users are current cigarette smokers. Cigar use thus constitutes a potential serious risk for youth who otherwise might not be exposed to tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Soldz
- Social Science Research and Evaluation, Inc., Brookline, MA 02446, USA.
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Anand R, Mathur MD, Acharya NR. Serum beta-2 microglobulin levels in bronchogenic carcinoma. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02666033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Lubin JH, Li JY, Xuan XZ, Cai SK, Luo QS, Yang LF, Wang JZ, Yang L, Blot WJ. Risk of lung cancer among cigarette and pipe smokers in southern China. Int J Cancer 1992; 51:390-5. [PMID: 1592530 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910510310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies in Shanghai and in north-east China indicate that cigarette smoking is a major contributor to the high rates of lung cancer in those areas, but doubts persist regarding the influence of cigarette use on lung cancer rates in other areas of China. In addition, the risk of lung cancer associated with other methods of tobacco consumption--in particular, the use of bamboo water-pipes and long-stem pipes--is uncertain. A population-based case-control study of 427 male lung cancer patients residing in a mining area of Southern China and 1,011 controls was carried out to address this and other issues. Of these patients, 63% smoked cigarettes and (water and long-stem) pipes; 17% and 14% smoked only cigarettes or pipes, respectively; and 6% did not smoke. Compared to non-smokers, smokers of cigarettes only, smokers of pipes only and mixed smokers were at increased risk; OR = 2.6 (95% CI 1.1-6.2), 1.8 (95% CI 0.8-4.2) and 4.1 (95% CI 2.3-9.2), respectively. Risk increased with duration of tobacco use; however, the rate of increase with years of cigarette use was significantly greater than for years of pipe use (p = 0.03). In addition, risks increased 8-fold in the highest quartile of number of cigarettes per day compared to non-cigarette smokers vs. 2.3-fold for the highest quartile of number of liang (50 g) smoked per month compared to non-pipe-smokers; the trends in the ORs differed significantly (p less than 0.001). Results suggest that, in this area of China, tobacco use is an important cause of lung cancer, and that smoking cigarettes may be more deleterious than smoking pipes (primarily water pipes).
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lubin
- Biostatistics Branch, US National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of cancer in Asians living in Bradford. DESIGN Cancer registrations were obtained from the Yorkshire Regional Cancer Registry for the six year period 1979-1984. Registrations relating to persons of Asian background were extracted using forenames and surnames. Data were analysed by disease category and age and sex specific incidence rates were calculated. These were compared with expected incidence rates for the non-Asian population and with rates for the Indian subcontinent derived from the Bombay Cancer Registry. SETTING Data collection was confined to the Bradford Metropolitan District, population 449,897 (1981). SUBJECTS The Asians studied originated from Pakistan (65%), India (28%), Bangladesh (4%), and East Africa (3%). The total Asian population of the Bradford Metropolitan District was approximately 45,000. MAIN RESULTS Over the study period there were 178 Asian cancer registrations. The overall standardised registration ratio was 53.7 for males (100 cases, 95% confidence interval 43-64), and 43.5 for females (78 cases, 95% CI 34-53). The standardised registration ratios for cancer of the hypopharynx in males and gall bladder in females were significantly raised. There was a particularly low incidence of cancer of the stomach, large bowel, lung, skin, and bladder in males, and of skin, breast, cervix (in situ), and ovary in females. The analyses suggested that lung and breast cancer incidence may be increasing towards the non-Asian level. In situ cancer of cervix in Asians shows no evidence of the high rates found in younger non-Asian age groups. CONCLUSIONS Lower incidence of many cancers in Asians may be due to lower exposure to major risk factors. Demographic change resulting in increased exposure to these risk factors can be expected to result in an increase in cancer incidence in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Barker
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
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Potter JF, Dawkins DM, Pandha HS, Beevers DG. Cancer in blacks, whites and Asians in a British hospital. JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF LONDON 1984; 18:231-5. [PMID: 6502533 PMCID: PMC5370902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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