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Reali L, Onorati L, Koletzko B, Størdal K, Aparicio Rodrigo M, Magendie C, Hadjipanayis A, Baraldi E, Grossman Z. EAP and ECPCP urge ban on novel nicotine- (NNCPS) and non-nicotine-containing products (NNDS) to youth. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:2354-2362. [PMID: 39072859 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
AIM We want to verify the correlation between the increasing use of novel nicotine-containing products (NNCPs) and non-nicotine delivery products (NNDPs) among young individuals and the escalating negative health consequences, necessitating their prohibition. METHODS We performed a comprehensive analysis of the most relevant literature about the utilisation of NNCPs and NNDPs among young individuals and their health effects. RESULTS Despite being initially seen as less harmful alternatives, for smokers aiming to quit, these products have become more popular due to misleading marketing claims. Teenagers using NNCPs and NNDPs, despite having no smoking history, are more likely to transition to tobacco smoking. Consistent use can lead to health issues like pulmonary damage, asthma, and cardiovascular and ocular problems. CONCLUSION The EAP and the ECPCP endorse the WHO's appeal to outlaw these hazardous products. They urge European governments to forbid the sale of NNCPs and NNDPs to children and adolescents in order to safeguard their well-being. They also propose specific recommendations (box 4) to support this cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Reali
- European Confederation of Primary Care Paediatricians, Lyon, France
- Primary Care Pediatrician, Italian National Health System (INHS), Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Onorati
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Paediatrics, LMU University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Medicine, and German Center for Child and Adolescent Health, site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ketil Størdal
- Department of Pediatric Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Children's Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Aparicio Rodrigo
- European Confederation of Primary Care Paediatricians, Lyon, France
- Department of Pediatrics, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Atención Primaria Entrevías, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christine Magendie
- European Confederation of Primary Care Paediatricians, Lyon, France
- Primary Care Paediatrician, Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
| | - Adamos Hadjipanayis
- European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium
- Medical School, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Paediatrics, Larnaca General Hospital, Larnaca, Cyprus
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Zachi Grossman
- European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University Pediatrics, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Pediatrics, Maccabi Health Care Services Pediatrics, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2
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Hong S, Son Y, Lee H, Kim S, Kim HJ, Jo H, Park J, Lee K, Lee H, Dragioti E, Fond G, Boyer L, López Sánchez GF, Tully MA, Rahmati M, Smith L, Kim S, Woo S, Yon DK. Global association of secondhand smoke exposure locations and smoking behaviour among adolescents in 99 countries. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:2048-2060. [PMID: 38859709 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study classified 99 countries into four income groups and then analysed the impact of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home, in public places and at school, on current cigarette smoking prevalence. METHODS We utilised data from the WHO Global Youth Tobacco Survey and a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and weighted odds ratios (wORs) of adolescent smoking behaviour and SHS exposure locations. RESULTS Both smoking behaviours increased with higher national income levels. Smoking behaviours in high and upper-middle-income countries (HICs and UMICs) exhibited an association with SHS exposure in public places (HIC: wOR, 3.50 [95% CI, 2.85-4.31]; UMIC: wOR, 2.90 [2.60-3.23]) compared to home. Low- and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and LMICs) showed an association with SHS exposure in the home (LIC: wOR, 5.33 [3.59-7.93]; LMIC: wOR, 2.71 [2.33-3.17]) than public places. The association between current cigarette smoking and SHS exposure at home increased with lower income levels, while anticipated future use of any form of tobacco with SHS exposure in public places rose in lower income countries. CONCLUSIONS Targeted interventions based on income levels are essential, emphasising home strategies in lower income countries and public place efforts in higher income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seohyun Hong
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yejun Son
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeri Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soeun Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyesu Jo
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeyu Park
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyeongmin Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hayeon Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families, and Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Guillaume Fond
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Guillermo F López Sánchez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry, UK
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Selin Woo
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Gaiha SM, Lempert LK, Lung H, Vescia F, Halpern-Felsher B. Appealing characteristics of E-cigarette marketing in the retail environment among adolescents. Prev Med Rep 2024; 43:102769. [PMID: 38883928 PMCID: PMC11177049 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nearly 3 million U.S. adolescents use e-cigarettes. E-cigarette marketing is associated with adolescent e-cigarette use; however, studies have not asked adolescents their perceptions about whether and which e-cigarette marketing in retail stores influences purchase and use. Methods Eleven 90-minute focus groups with 12-19-year-olds (mean age 15.7, 46.6 % female) from 11 U.S. states (n = 58) recruited through Instagram and schools (May 2021-Aug 2022). Photographs of e-cigarette marketing in and around retail stores were used to aid discussion. Thematic analysis identified themes related to appealing marketing characteristics. Results Adolescents indicated that e-cigarette marketing in and around retail stores arouses their curiosity, reminds them to buy, and normalizes using e-cigarettes. Adolescents identified specific e-cigarette marketing characteristics that they believed influence their decision to purchase and use e-cigarettes including the Tobacco Power Wall, free samples and flavor smelling samples, price incentives such as discounts and starter-kits, e-cigarette displays near checkout encouraging grab-and-go, displays near food, snacks or candy, and e-cigarette advertising through posters on store windows and stickers at checkout. Adolescents reported combining online and social media strategies to bypass age verification in retail stores (e.g., buying gift cards online and using them in stores). Adolescents suggested adding warning images on negative health effects of e-cigarettes, increasing prominence of minimum-age-of-tobacco-sale signs, and developing marketing education as counter-marketing strategies. Conclusions Adolescents indicate that specific e-cigarette marketing characteristics in retail stores influence their purchase and use decisions. Addressing such e-cigarette marketing exposures in retail stores through counter-marketing messages may bolster adolescent e-cigarette prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Mathur Gaiha
- Stanford REACH Lab, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, USA
- Faculty of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Lauren Kass Lempert
- Stanford REACH Lab, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Holly Lung
- Stanford REACH Lab, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Vescia
- Stanford REACH Lab, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Bonnie Halpern-Felsher
- Stanford REACH Lab, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, CA, USA
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Henriksen L, Johnson TO, Mahoney M, Schleicher NC, Ali A, Prochaska JJ. Rapid-response surveillance of the first US test market for VLN cigarettes. Tob Control 2024; 33:549-552. [PMID: 36927515 PMCID: PMC11242917 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION VLN King menthol and non-menthol are the first combustible cigarettes to receive US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorisation as modified risk tobacco products. Focusing on the first retail test market, this study characterised VLN advertising, product placement, discounts and price. METHODS All Chicago-area Circle K stores (n=133) were telephoned to assess whether they sold VLN. Single-pack price of non-menthol was obtained in 57 of 100 stores that sold VLN. In fall 2022, trained data collectors visited those 57 stores to assess VLN product placement, advertising, discounts and prices. Paired t-tests compared observed VLN price with telephone price and to price of other cigarette brands. RESULTS Nearly all stores (91.1%) displayed exterior advertisements for VLN, and 41.1% displayed interior advertising, with 8.9% of stores advertising VLN in the power wall but never in the header row. VLN cigarettes were displayed in the power wall exclusively and among high-nicotine cigarettes. Some VLN marketing claims were not FDA-authorised. VLN advertised a sweepstakes offer and rewards programme. Most stores (85.7%) offered VLN discounts. VLN was priced like a premium brand (mean=$10.90, SD=$1.53), and prices obtained by telephone did not differ from observed prices several months later. CONCLUSIONS Retail marketing strategies for VLN mimic those for high-nicotine cigarettes. Deviations from FDA-authorised marketing claims were evident. Surveillance in future test markets is recommended to assess compliance with marketing claims and examine relative price and discount offers. Of interest is how premium-priced, low-nicotine cigarettes stand to compete in a market dominated by cheaper high-nicotine cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Henriksen
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Trent O Johnson
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | | | - Nina C Schleicher
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Amna Ali
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Judith J Prochaska
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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5
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Macdonald H, Hardy H, Rahimi K, Aldcroft A, Cook S, Hopkinson NS, Hefler M, Abbasi K. Protecting BMJ journals' content from tobacco industry influence. BMJ 2024; 385:q1169. [PMID: 38816036 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
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6
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Benjakul S, Nakju S, Thitavisiddho Wongsai W, Junjula T. Using an ecological model of health behaviour to identify factors associated with smoking behaviour among Buddhist novices in Thailand: a cross-sectional digital survey. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e082734. [PMID: 38626965 PMCID: PMC11029314 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Buddhist novices reside in Buddhist temples, which are legally designated as smoke-free areas. Nevertheless, similar to other men in their age group, they are susceptible to various risk factors that lead to smoking. This digital survey aimed to examine tobacco smoking and its associated factors among Buddhist novices in Thailand. DESIGN A cross-sectional digital survey. SETTING 88 temple-based schools in Thailand. PARTICIPANTS A stratified two-stage cluster sampling method was employed to select 5371 novices. Data were collected between June and August 2022 using self-administered electronic questionnaires. MEASURE Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify the associated factors. RESULTS Overall, 32.8% of the respondents reported they had tried smoking, and the average age of initiation was 12.4 years. In the past 30 days, 25.7% had smoked any tobacco product. Multiple factors following the ecological model of health behaviour were found to be statistically associated with smoking by 37.3%. Among these were intrapersonal-level factors, such as age, living in the southern region and attempted smoking. Two were interpersonal-level factors: the smoking behaviour of close relatives, specifically parents, and their respected monks. Two were institutional-level factors: perceiving that temple-based schools are smoke-free areas and exposure to secondhand smoke. Three factors at the community and policy levels were noticed tobacco advertising at the point of sale, social media and tobacco promotion. CONCLUSION The findings of this study support the development of comprehensive intervention programmes that address the multiple factors to prevent Buddhist novices from smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarunya Benjakul
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saroj Nakju
- Faculty of Public Health, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ylitörmänen T, Tarasenko Y, Hiilamo H, Ruokolainen O, Puska P, Ollila H. Cross-sectional study of the associations between the implementation of the WHO FCTC tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship bans and current e-cigarette use among youth from countries with different income levels. Tob Control 2024:tc-2023-058160. [PMID: 38286590 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2023-058160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) Article 13 requires countries to ban tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS), and bans are recommended to cover electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). We examined youth e-cigarette prevalence by TAPS regulations in countries with different income levels. METHODS We analysed data on 165 299 respondents from 48 countries with 2016/2018 WHO FCTC implementation reports and 2016-2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey. We used multilevel logistic regressions to examine associations between TAPS regulations and current e-cigarette use, stratified by country income. RESULTS About 1 in 10 respondents was currently using e-cigarettes. Respondents in countries with TAPS bans on the internet were less likely to use e-cigarettes (adjOR=0.58; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.86) than youth in countries without such bans. In lower middle-income and low-income countries, bans on displaying tobacco products at the point of sale (adjOR=0.55; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.90), bans on product placement (adjOR=0.44; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.69) and strength of additional TAPS measures were associated with lower prevalence of e-cigarette use among students. Being taught about the dangers of the use of tobacco in school was associated with lower odds of e-cigarette use. No differences in the use of e-cigarettes were observed by types of TAPS among respondents in high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS Strengthening implementation of TAPS policies and assuring they cover new and emerging products, online channels and points of sales are essential, especially in lower income countries. Maintaining tobacco health education is also important to protect youth from e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuija Ylitörmänen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yelena Tarasenko
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA
| | - Heikki Hiilamo
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otto Ruokolainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Puska
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Ollila
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Soraghan M, Abdulkareem TO, Jennings B, Boateng JA, Chavira García J, Chopra V, Rout BP, Ujam K, Dalglish SL. Harmful marketing by commercial actors and policy ideas from youth. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad149. [PMID: 37975743 PMCID: PMC10655631 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Soraghan
- CAP-2030, Institute for Global Health, University College London, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Toyyib O Abdulkareem
- NCD Alliance, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Bethany Jennings
- CAP-2030, Institute for Global Health, University College London, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | | | - Vaishali Chopra
- HRIDAY and Healthy India Alliance (India NCD Alliance), N-25, Green Park Extension, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Barsa Priyadarshini Rout
- HRIDAY and Healthy India Alliance Representative, N-25, Green Park Extension, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Kenechukwu Ujam
- Association of Advocates Against Alcohol Harm in Nigeria, 109 Adegboyega Ago palace, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Sarah L Dalglish
- CAP-2030, Institute for Global Health, University College London, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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Crosbie E, Erinoso O, Machin N, Fuss C, Sebrié EM. Progress, Gaps, and Tobacco Industry Opposition to Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship Bans in the World Health Organization African Region. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:1619-1622. [PMID: 37042281 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Crosbie
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno Reno, NV, USA
- Ozmen Institute for Global Studies, University of Nevada Reno Reno, NV, USA
| | - Olufemi Erinoso
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno Reno, NV, USA
| | - Nina Machin
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno Reno, NV, USA
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10
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Brown JL, Parra N, Cohen JE, Carmona MG, Hurley M, Rosen D. Moving hearts and minds: how the Big Tobacco, Tiny Targets campaign builds support for tobacco control policy. Tob Control 2023:tc-2022-057917. [PMID: 37321851 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Brown
- Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Joanna E Cohen
- Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Mark Hurley
- Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Debra Rosen
- Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, Washington, DC, USA
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11
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Alebshehy R, Asif Z, Boeckmann M. Policies regulating retail environment to reduce tobacco availability: A scoping review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:975065. [PMID: 36866095 PMCID: PMC9971920 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.975065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In 2005, the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) entered into force. This treaty was developed in response to the global tobacco epidemic, and it includes measures to reduce both demand for and supply of tobacco. The measures related to demand reduction include raising tax, providing cessation services, promoting smoke free public places, banning advertising, and raising awareness. However, there are a limited number of measures for supply reduction, and these mainly include fighting illicit trade, banning sales to minors and providing alternatives to tobacco workers and growers. Unlike regulation of many other goods and services that have been subjected to retail restrictions, there is a lack of resources about restricting tobacco availability through regulation of tobacco retail environment. Considering the potential of retail environment regulations in reducing tobacco supply and consequently reducing tobacco use, this scoping review aims to identify relevant measures. Methods This review examines interventions, policies, and legislations to regulate tobacco retail environment to reduce tobacco availability. This was done by searching the WHO FCTC and its Conference of Parties decisions, a gray literature search including tobacco control databases, a scoping communication with the Focal Points of the 182 WHO FCTC Parties, and a databases search in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Global Health, and Web of Science. Results Themes of policies were identified to reduce tobacco availability by regulating retail environment: four WHO FCTC and twelve non-WHO FCTC policies. The WHO FCTC policies included requiring a license to sell tobacco, banning tobacco sale via vending machines, promoting economically alternative activities to individual sellers, and banning ways of sale that constitute a way of advertising, promotion, and sponsorships. The Non-WHO FCTC policies included banning tobacco home delivery, tray sale, tobacco retail outlets in or within a minimum distance from specific facilities, sale in specific retail outlets, and sale of tobacco or one or more of its products, in addition to restricting tobacco retail outlets per density of population and per geographic area, capping the tobacco amount allowed per purchase, limiting the number of hours or days in which tobacco can be sold, requiring a minimum distance between tobacco retailers, reducing tobacco products availability and proximity within a retail outlet, and restricting sale to government controlled outlets. Discussion and conclusion Studies show the effects of regulation of the retail environment in influencing overall tobacco purchases, and there is evidence that having fewer retails reduces the level of impulse purchasing of cigarettes and tobacco goods. The measures covered by WHO FCTC are much more implemented than ones not covered by it. Although not all widely implemented, many themes of limiting tobacco availability by regulating tobacco retail environment are available. Further studies to explore such measures and the adoption of the effective ones under the WHO FCTC decisions, could possibly increase their implementation globally to reduce tobacco availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raouf Alebshehy
- School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany,Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Raouf Alebshehy ✉
| | - Zara Asif
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Boeckmann
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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12
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From the IASLC Tobacco Control Committee. J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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