1
|
Jang JY, Oh MW, Na C, Im YB, Shim S, Moon HJ, Yoo HS. Comparative structural and immunological analysis of outer membrane proteins and dermonecrotic toxin in Bordetella bronchiseptica canine isolate. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 272:110756. [PMID: 38657357 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica is a pathogen causing respiratory infections in mammals. With the improving understanding of companion animals' welfare, addressing the side effects of bordetella vaccine gains importance in dogs. Studies on diverse subunit vaccines are actively pursued in humans to safely and effectively control bordetellosis. Therefore, our objective was to develop a canine bordetella vaccine inspired by human vaccine development. We evaluated the immunogenicity of the two bacterial components: the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and the dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) from a canine isolate of B. bronchiseptica. In-silico analysis identified eight domains of DNT, and Domain 3 was selected as the most promising antigen candidate. Additionally, the OMPs were extracted and examined using SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The distinct immunological characteristic of OMPs and DNT-3 were examined individually and in combination. Gene expression and cytokine production were also evaluated in DH82 cells after stimulation with those antigens. Treatment with OMPs resulted in higher level of Th1 related cytokines, while DNT-3 induced a predominant response associated with Th17 and Th2 in the cytokine production. Synergistic effects were observed exclusively on IL-23, indicating increase of a potential risk of side effects when OMPs and DNT act together. These findings provide valuable insights into the reactogenicity of conventional Bordetella vaccines. Further, the presented preclinical data in this study offer an alternative method of the development for an optimal next-generation Bordetella vaccine for companion animals and humans, replacing the acellular vaccines containing both toxin and protein components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Jang
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Green Cross Veterinary Products Co., Ltd, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Myung Whan Oh
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chaeyeong Na
- Deartment of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Young Bin Im
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soojin Shim
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Joon Moon
- Department of Animal health and welfare, Semyung University, Jecheon, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vientós-Plotts AI, Masseau I, Reinero CR. Comparison of Short- versus Long-Course Antimicrobial Therapy of Uncomplicated Bacterial Pneumonia in Dogs: A Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113096. [PMID: 34827828 PMCID: PMC8614313 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dogs diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia are often treated with long courses of antibiotics (3–6 weeks) and chest X-rays are used to help guide the duration of treatment. This is in stark contrast with humans with the same disease who are often treated for 5–10 days, and chest X-rays are not considered to be useful for monitoring response to treatment. The main goal of this study was to determine whether a shorter course of antibiotics (10 days) would be sufficient to treat dogs with bacterial pneumonia. Eight dogs with pneumonia were randomly assigned to receive 10 or 21 days of antibiotics. They were evaluated at 10, 30 and 60 days after diagnosis. At 10 days, 6/8 dogs had resolution of both clinical signs and evidence of inflammation on bloodwork and 5/8 dogs showed improvement in the chest X-rays. After 60 days, none of the dogs had clinical signs or evidence of inflammation on bloodwork regardless of antibiotic therapy duration. However, 3/8 dogs showed changes in the chest X-rays. This study suggests that a 10-day course of antibiotics may be sufficient to treat dogs with bacterial pneumonia, and chest X-rays may not be a reliable marker to monitor response to therapy. Abstract Current treatment for canine bacterial pneumonia relies on protracted courses of antimicrobials (3–6 weeks or more) with recommendations to continue for 1–2 weeks past resolution of all clinical and thoracic radiographic abnormalities. However, in humans, bacterial pneumonia is often treated with 5–10-day courses of antimicrobials, and thoracic radiographs are not considered useful to guide therapeutic duration. The primary study objective was to determine whether a short course of antimicrobials would be sufficient to treat canine bacterial pneumonia. Eight dogs with uncomplicated bacterial pneumonia were enrolled in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study comparing clinical and radiographic resolution with differing durations of antimicrobial therapy. Dogs received a course of antimicrobials lasting 10 (A10) or 21 (A21) days. Dogs randomized to the A10 group received placebo for 11 days following antimicrobial therapy. Patients were evaluated at presentation and 10, 30 and 60 days after the initiation of antimicrobials. At 10 days, 6/8 dogs had resolution of both clinical signs and inflammatory leukogram, and 5/8 dogs had improved global radiographic scores. After 60 days, clinical and hematologic resolution of pneumonia was noted in all dogs regardless of antimicrobial therapy duration; however, 3/8 dogs had persistent radiographic lesions. Thoracic radiographs do not appear to be a reliable marker to guide antimicrobial therapy in canine bacterial pneumonia as radiographic lesions may lag or persist despite clinical cure. This pilot study suggests a 10-day course of antimicrobials may be sufficient to treat uncomplicated canine bacterial pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabelle Masseau
- Department of Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Carol R. Reinero
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(573)-882-7821
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortazar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Sihvonen LH, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Guardabassi L, Hilbert F, Mader R, Aznar I, Baldinelli F, Alvarez J. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Dogs and cats. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06680. [PMID: 34194578 PMCID: PMC8237238 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this opinion the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to dog and cat health have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology based on information collected via an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details of the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. A global state of play of antimicrobial resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus schleiferi, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridioides difficile, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium has been provided. Among those bacteria, EFSA identified S. pseudintermedius, E. coli and P. aeruginosa with > 90% certainty as the most relevant antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the EU based on the available evidence. The animal health impact of these most relevant bacteria, as well as their eligibility for being listed and categorised within the animal health law framework will be assessed in separate scientific opinions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lynch SA, Helbig KJ. The Complex Diseases of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Canines: Where to Next? Vet Sci 2021; 8:11. [PMID: 33477504 PMCID: PMC7831068 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a pathogenic bacterium of concern within the veterinary sector and is involved in numerous infections in canines, including topical infections such as canine pyoderma and otitis externa, as well as systemic infections within the urinary, respiratory and reproductive tract. The high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) within such infections is a growing concern. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the involvement of S. pseudintermedius in canine disease pathology to gain better insight into novel treatment avenues. Here, we review the literature focused on S. pseudintermedius infection in multiple anatomic locations in dogs and the role of MRSP in treatment outcomes at these niches. Multiple novel treatment avenues for MRSP have been pioneered in recent years and these are discussed with a specific focus on vaccines and phage therapy as potential therapeutic options. Whilst both undertakings are in their infancy, phage therapy is versatile and has shown high success in both animal and human medical use. It is clear that further research is required to combat the growing problems associated with MRSP in canines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karla J. Helbig
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fujiki J, Furusawa T, Munby M, Kawaguchi C, Matsuda Y, Shiokura Y, Nakamura K, Nakamura T, Sasaki M, Usui M, Iwasaki T, Gondaira S, Higuchi H, Sawa H, Tamura Y, Iwano H. Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa veterinary isolates to Pbunavirus PB1-like phages. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:778-782. [PMID: 32918505 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, antimicrobial-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains have increased in the veterinary field. Therefore, phage therapy has received significant attention as an approach for overcoming antimicrobial resistance. In this context, we isolated and characterized four Pseudomonas bacteriophages. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated phages are novel Myoviridae Pbunavirus PB1-like phages with ØR12 belonging to a different clade compared with the other three. These phages had distinct lytic activity against 22 P. aeruginosa veterinary isolates. The phage cocktail composed from the PB1-like phages clearly inhibited the occurrence of the phage-resistant variant, suggesting that these phages could be useful in phage therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Fujiki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takaaki Furusawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Montgomery Munby
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chika Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yumie Matsuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yusei Shiokura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaru Usui
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomohito Iwasaki
- Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gondaira
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.,Center for Veterinary Drug Development, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Iwano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deb P, Das T, Nath C, Ahad A, Chakraborty P. Isolation of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. from dogs in Chattogram Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7:669-677. [PMID: 33409311 PMCID: PMC7774779 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2020.g466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Antibacterial resistance is a great concern in human and food animal medicine, and it poses a significant concern in pet animals like dogs. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. along with the carryover of some resistance genes in E. coli from dogs in the Chattogram metropolitan area, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Rectal swab (n = 50), nasal swab (n = 50), and skin swab (n = 50) samples were collected from dogs having respiratory infections, skin infections, and/or enteritis, respectively. Three types of bacteria were identified and isolated by conventional bacteriological techniques and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out against 12 antimicrobials by disk diffusion methods. Six resistance genes, namely blaTEM, blaCTX-M, tetA, tetB, Sul-I, and Sul-II, were screened for phenotypically resistant E. coli isolates by the polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 39 (78%) E. coli, 25 (50%) Staphylococcus spp., and 24 (48%) Streptococcus spp. isolates were isolated from the rectal swab, nasal swab, and skin swab samples, respectively. In the cultural sensitivity test, the E. coli isolates showed resistance to ceftriaxone (79%) and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (64%). Doxycycline (80%) demonstrated the highest resistance among Staphylococcus isolates, followed by sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (60%). Streptococcus isolates showed the highest resistance to penicillin (63%), followed by ceftriaxone (54%), while no isolate showed resistance to gentamycin. The prevalence of blaTEM, blaCTX-M, tetA, tetB, Sul-I, and Sul-II genes in phenotypically resistant E. coli isolates were 100%, 61.29%, 100%, 8.33%, 56%, and 72%, respectively. Conclusions: Spillover of such multidrug-resistant bacteria and resistance genes from pet dogs pose a serious public health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Probir Deb
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tridip Das
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chandan Nath
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Pankaj Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Analysis of the lung microbiota in dogs with Bordetella bronchiseptica infection and correlation with culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Vet Res 2020; 51:46. [PMID: 32209128 PMCID: PMC7092585 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb), a pathogen involved in canine infectious respiratory disease complex, can be confirmed using culture or qPCR. Studies about the canine lung microbiota (LM) are recent, sparse, and only one paper has been published in canine lung infection. In this study, we aimed to compare the LM between Bb infected and healthy dogs, and to correlate sequencing with culture and qPCR results. Twenty Bb infected dogs diagnosed either by qPCR and/or culture and 4 healthy dogs were included. qPCR for Mycoplasma cynos (Mc) were also available in 18 diseased and all healthy dogs. Sequencing results, obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after DNA extraction, PCR targeting the V1–V3 region of the 16S rDNA and sequencing, showed the presence of Bb in all diseased dogs, about half being co-infected with Mc. In diseased compared with healthy dogs, the β-diversity changed (P = 0.0024); bacterial richness and α-diversity were lower (P = 0.012 and 0.0061), and bacterial load higher (P = 0.004). Bb qPCR classes and culture results correlated with the abundance of Bb (r = 0.71, P < 0.001 and r = 0.70, P = 0.0022). Mc qPCR classes also correlated with the abundance of Mc (r = 0.73, P < 0.001). Bb infection induced lung dysbiosis, characterized by high bacterial load, low richness and diversity and increased abundance of Bb, compared with healthy dogs. Sequencing results highly correlate with qPCR and culture results showing that sequencing can be reliable to identify microorganisms involved in lung infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
8
|
Day MJ, Carey S, Clercx C, Kohn B, MarsilIo F, Thiry E, Freyburger L, Schulz B, Walker DJ. Aetiology of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex and Prevalence of its Pathogens in Europe. J Comp Pathol 2020; 176:86-108. [PMID: 32359641 PMCID: PMC7103302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) is an endemic worldwide syndrome involving multiple viral and bacterial pathogens. Traditionally, Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine herpesvirus (CHV) and canine parainfluenza virus (CPiV) were considered the major causative agents. Lately, new pathogens have been implicated in the development of CIRDC, namely canine influenza virus (CIV), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), canine pneumovirus (CnPnV), Mycoplasma cynos and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus. To better understand the role of the different pathogens in the development of CIRDC and their epidemiological relevance in Europe, prevalence data were collected from peer-reviewed publications and summarized. Evidence of exposure to Bb is frequently found in healthy and diseased dogs and client-owned dogs are as likely to be infected as kennelled dogs. Co-infections with viral pathogens are common. The findings confirm that Bb is an important cause of CIRDC in Europe. CAV-2 and CDV recovery rates from healthy and diseased dogs are low and the most likely explanation for this is control through vaccination. Seroconversion to CHV can be demonstrated following CIRDC outbreaks and CHV has been detected in the lower respiratory tract of diseased dogs. There is some evidence that CHV is not a primary cause of CIRDC, but opportunistically re-activates at the time of infection and exacerbates the disease. The currently available data suggest that CIV is, at present, neither a prevalent nor a significant pathogen in Europe. CPiV remains an important pathogen in CIRDC and facilitates co-infection with other viral and bacterial pathogens. CnPnV and CRCoV are important new elements in the aetiology of CIRDC and spread particularly well in multi-dog establishments. M. cynos is common in Europe and is more likely to occur in younger and kennelled dogs. This organism is frequently found together with other CIRDC pathogens and is significantly associated with more severe respiratory signs. S. zooepidemicus infection is not common and appears to be a particular problem in kennels. Protective immunity against respiratory diseases is rarely complete, and generally only a reduction in clinical signs and excretion of pathogen can be achieved through vaccination. However, even vaccines that only reduce and do not prevent infection carry epidemiological advantages. They reduce spread, increase herd immunity and decrease usage of antimicrobials. Recommending vaccination of dogs against pathogens of CIRDC will directly provide epidemiological advantages to the population and the individual dog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Day
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia and Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.
| | - S Carey
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, USA
| | - C Clercx
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - B Kohn
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F MarsilIo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - E Thiry
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - L Freyburger
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Agressions Pulmonaires et Circulatoires dans le Sepsis, Marcy l'Etoile and La Compagnie des Animaux, SantéVet, Lyon, France
| | - B Schulz
- Ludwig-Maximillian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D J Walker
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Winchester, Hampshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lutz B, Lehner C, Schmitt K, Willi B, Schüpbach G, Mevissen M, Peter R, Müntener C, Naegeli H, Schuller S. Antimicrobial prescriptions and adherence to prudent use guidelines for selected canine diseases in Switzerland in 2016. Vet Rec Open 2020; 7:e000370. [PMID: 32201578 PMCID: PMC7064144 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2019-000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing problem in human and veterinary medicine and is closely linked to the use of antimicrobials. The objective of this study was to describe antimicrobial prescriptions for selected canine diseases in Switzerland during 2016. Methods Dogs presented to two university hospitals and 14 private practices for acute diarrhoea (AD; n=371), suspected or confirmed urinary tract infections (UTIs; n=245), respiratory tract infections (RTIs; n=274) or wound infections (WIs; n=175) were included. Clinical history, diagnostic work-up and antimicrobial prescription (class, dosage and duration) were retrospectively assessed. A justification score was applied to evaluate appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy based on available national and international consensus guidelines. Results Antimicrobials were prescribed in 65 per cent of dogs with AD, 88 per cent with UTI, 62 per cent with RTI and 90 per cent with WI. The most prescribed antimicrobial classes (monotherapy and combination therapy) were potentiated aminopenicillins (59 per cent), nitroimidazoles (22 per cent), non-potentiated aminopenicillins (16 per cent) and fluoroquinolones (13 per cent). Overall, 38 per cent (95 per cent CI 0.35 to 0.41) of the prescriptions were in accordance with consensus guidelines. In dogs with AD, antimicrobial therapy was associated with the presence of haemorrhagic diarrhoea (P<0.05) and complied in 32 per cent with consensus guidelines, which recommend antimicrobial treatment only when sepsis is suspected. A bacterial aetiology was confirmed via culture and/or sediment examination in 36 per cent of dogs with suspected UTI. Conclusions Overall, adherence to consensus guidelines was poor both, at university hospitals and private practices. Antimicrobial stewardship measures are therefore needed to improve prudent use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice Lutz
- Department Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lehner
- Department Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kira Schmitt
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Willi
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gertraud Schüpbach
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Peter
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Müntener
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanspeter Naegeli
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Schuller
- Department Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Curran M, Boothe DM, Hathcock TL, Lee-Fowler T. Analysis of the effects of storage temperature and contamination on aerobic bacterial culture results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 34:160-165. [PMID: 31860163 PMCID: PMC6979085 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Storage temperature of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) impacts cytological evaluation. The effect of storage temperature before bacterial culture has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES To assess whether BALF storage temperature alters aerobic bacterial culture results. ANIMALS Eight healthy, male, intact, purpose-bred Beagles. METHODS Prospective, controlled investigation. Samples of BALF were collected sterilely. Half of each sample was reserved for controls, and half was inoculated with 104 colony forming units per milliliter (cfu/mL) Bordetella bronchiseptica and 102 cfu/mL Escherichia coli. Control and inoculated samples each were separated into 4 aliquots (1 plated immediately; 3 stored at 4, 24, or 37°C, respectively, for 24 hours before aerobic bacterial culture). Colony counts were compared across treatments for each organism. RESULTS In inoculated samples, a statistical difference could not be detected in growth of E. coli or B. bronchiseptica between the baseline culture and BALF stored at 4°C for 24 hours before culture. However, for E. coli, growth in cfu/mL at both 24 and 37°C was higher compared to baseline (P < .05) and compared to 4°C (P < .05). For B. bronchiseptica cfu/mL, growth at 37°C was significantly different (P = .003) compared to both baseline and 4°C. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Samples of BALF may be stored at 4°C for 24 hours before culture without substantially altering culture results. Inappropriate storage or shipment temperature (room temperature or exposure to heat) can result in overgrowth of E. coli or B. bronchiseptica, which could alter clinical decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Curran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Dawn M Boothe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | | | - Tekla Lee-Fowler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Lei L, Xia Z. Increasing Prevalence of ESBL-Producing Multidrug Resistance Escherichia coli From Diseased Pets in Beijing, China From 2012 to 2017. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2852. [PMID: 31921034 PMCID: PMC6915038 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated antimicrobial resistance trends and characteristics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pets and whether this correlates with antibiotic usage in the clinic. Clinical samples containing E. coli from diseased cats and dogs were screened for antibiotic sensitivity and associated genotypic features. We identified 127 E. coli isolates from 1886 samples from dogs (n = 1565) and cats (n = 321) with the majority from urinary tract infections (n = 108, 85%). High rates of resistance were observed for β-lactams and fluoroquinolones and resistance to > 3 antibiotic classes (MDR) increased from 67% in 2012 to 75% in 2017 (P < 0.0001). This was especially true for strains resistant to 6-9 antibiotics that increased from 26.67 to 60.71%. Increased rates in β-lactam use for clinical treatment accompanied these increasing resistance rates. Accordingly, the most frequently encountered subtypes were bla CTX-M (n = 44, 34.65%), bla CTX-M-65 (n = 19) and bla CTX-M-15 (n = 18) and qnrB (n = 119, 93.70%). The bla CTX-M-isolates possessed 36 unique pulsed field electrophoretic types (PFGEs) and 28 different sequence types (STs) in ST405 (7, 15.9%), ST131 (3, 6.8%), ST73, ST101, ST372, and ST827 (2, 4.5% each) were the most prevalent. This data demonstrated a high level of diversity for the bla CTX-M-positive E. coli isolates. Additionally, bla NDM-5 was detected in three isolates (n = 3, 2.36%), comprised of two ST101 and one ST405 isolates, and mcr-1 was also observed in three colistin-resistant E. coli with three different STs (ST6316, ST405, and ST46). Our study demonstrates an increasing trend in MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli and this correlated with β-lactam antibiotic usage for treatment of these animals. This data indicates that there is significant risk for the spread of resistant bacteria from pets to humans and antibiotic use for pets should be more strictly regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Chen
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,The New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenbiao Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lei
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaofei Xia
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moyaert H, de Jong A, Simjee S, Rose M, Youala M, El Garch F, Vila T, Klein U, Rzewuska M, Morrissey I. Survey of antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated from dogs and cats with respiratory tract infections in Europe: ComPath results. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:29-46. [PMID: 30955231 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To present antimicrobial susceptibilities for bacteria from dogs and cats with respiratory tract infection (RTI) across Europe in 2013-2014 and compare with data from 2008-2010. METHODS AND RESULTS Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined for 464 isolates following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standards using antibiotics approved for RTI treatment. Where possible, susceptibility was calculated using predominantly human-derived breakpoints whilst some antibiotics had no breakpoints. The main pathogen from dogs was Staphylococcus pseudintermedius which was > 90% susceptible to fluoroquinolones and oxacillin (92·5%; six isolates confirmed mecA-positive) and 53·8, 80·0 and 88·8% susceptible to tetracycline, penicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Streptococci, Escherichia coli, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also present in dog RTI. Streptococci were fully susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin and pradofloxacin. None were enrofloxacin-resistant but 31·4% had intermediate susceptibility. The least active agent against streptococci was tetracycline (51·4% susceptible). For E. coli, 90·9% were amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-susceptible; susceptibility to other compounds ranged from 63·6 to 81·8%. There are no breakpoints for B. bronchiseptica and Ps. aeruginosa. For Staph. aureus, penicillin susceptibility was low (34·8%); for other compounds 87·0-100%. The main RTI pathogen from cats was Pasteurella multocida, where only pradofloxacin has breakpoints (100% susceptible). Susceptibility of coagulase-negative staphylococci ranged from 66·7% (penicillin) to 97·2% (pradofloxacin). Streptococci from cats were 100% susceptible to all antibiotics except enrofloxacin and tetracycline (both 65·2% susceptible). CONCLUSIONS Overall, antimicrobial resistance was low to medium in RTI in dogs and cats, although susceptibility varied widely among pathogens studied. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Responsible use of antibiotics is crucial to maintain susceptibility and continued resistance monitoring is important to support this goal. These findings support the need for the setting of RTI-specific breakpoints for pathogens of dogs and cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Moyaert
- CEESA ComPath Study Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A de Jong
- CEESA ComPath Study Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Simjee
- CEESA ComPath Study Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Rose
- CEESA ComPath Study Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Youala
- CEESA ComPath Study Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F El Garch
- CEESA ComPath Study Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Vila
- CEESA ComPath Study Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - U Klein
- CEESA ComPath Study Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Rzewuska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Choi W, Yang AX, Waltenburg MA, Choe S, Steiner M, Radwan A, Lin J, Maddox CW, Stern AW, Fredrickson RL, Lau GW. FOXA2 depletion leads to mucus hypersecretion in canine airways with respiratory diseases. Cell Microbiol 2018; 21:e12957. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woosuk Choi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Alina X. Yang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Michelle A. Waltenburg
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Shawn Choe
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Madeline Steiner
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Ahmed Radwan
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Jingjun Lin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Carrol W. Maddox
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Adam W. Stern
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Richard L. Fredrickson
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Gee W. Lau
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lappin M, Blondeau J, Boothe D, Breitschwerdt E, Guardabassi L, Lloyd D, Papich M, Rankin S, Sykes J, Turnidge J, Weese J. Antimicrobial use Guidelines for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Disease in Dogs and Cats: Antimicrobial Guidelines Working Group of the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:279-294. [PMID: 28185306 PMCID: PMC5354050 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract disease can be associated with primary or secondary bacterial infections in dogs and cats and is a common reason for use and potential misuse, improper use, and overuse of antimicrobials. There is a lack of comprehensive treatment guidelines such as those that are available for human medicine. Accordingly, the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases convened a Working Group of clinical microbiologists, pharmacologists, and internists to share experiences, examine scientific data, review clinical trials, and develop these guidelines to assist veterinarians in making antimicrobial treatment choices for use in the management of bacterial respiratory diseases in dogs and cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.R. Lappin
- Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCODenmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M.G. Papich
- North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCDenmark
| | - S.C. Rankin
- University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAAustralia
| | - J.E. Sykes
- University of CaliforniaDavisCAAustralia
| | - J. Turnidge
- The Women's and Children HospitalAdelaideSA,Australia
| | - J.S. Weese
- Ontario Veterinary CollegeGuelphONAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Prüller S, Rensch U, Meemken D, Kaspar H, Kopp PA, Klein G, Kehrenberg C. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bordetella bronchiseptica Isolates from Swine and Companion Animals and Detection of Resistance Genes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135703. [PMID: 26275219 PMCID: PMC4537227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica causes infections of the respiratory tract in swine and other mammals and is a precursor for secondary infections with Pasteurella multocida. Treatment of B. bronchiseptica infections is conducted primarily with antimicrobial agents. Therefore it is essential to get an overview of the susceptibility status of these bacteria. The aim of this study was to comparatively analyse broth microdilution susceptibility testing according to CLSI recommendations with an incubation time of 16 to 20 hours and a longer incubation time of 24 hours, as recently proposed to obtain more homogenous MICs. Susceptibility testing against a panel of 22 antimicrobial agents and two fixed combinations was performed with 107 porcine isolates from different farms and regions in Germany and 43 isolates obtained from companion animals in Germany and other European countries. Isolates with increased MICs were investigated by PCR assays for the presence of resistance genes. For ampicillin, all 107 porcine isolates were classified as resistant, whereas only a single isolate was resistant to florfenicol. All isolates obtained from companion animals showed elevated MICs for β-lactam antibiotics and demonstrated an overall low susceptibility to cephalosporines. Extension of the incubation time resulted in 1-2 dilution steps higher MIC50 values of porcine isolates for seven antimicrobial agents tested, while isolates from companion animals exhibited twofold higher MIC50/90 values only for tetracycline and cefotaxime. For three antimicrobial agents, lower MIC50 and MIC90 values were detected for both, porcine and companion animal isolates. Among the 150 isolates tested, the resistance genes blaBOR-1 (n = 147), blaOXA-2, (n = 4), strA and strB (n = 17), sul1 (n = 10), sul2 (n = 73), dfrA7 (n = 3) and tet(A) (n = 8) were detected and a plasmid localisation was identified for several of the resistance genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Prüller
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rensch
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Meemken
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Kaspar
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter A Kopp
- Vet Med Labor GmbH, Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | - Günter Klein
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|