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Sykes EME, White D, McLaughlin S, Kumar A. Salicylic acids and pathogenic bacteria: new perspectives on an old compound. Can J Microbiol 2024; 70:1-14. [PMID: 37699258 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2023-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acids have been used in human and veterinary medicine for their anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties for centuries. A key role of salicylic acid-immune modulation in response to microbial infection-was first recognized during studies of their botanical origin. The effects of salicylic acid on bacterial physiology are diverse. In many cases, they impose selective pressures leading to development of cross-resistance to antimicrobial compounds. Initial characterization of these interactions was in Escherichia coli, where salicylic acid activates the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) operon, resulting in decreased antibiotic susceptibility. Studies suggest that stimulation of the mar phenotype presents similarly in closely related Enterobacteriaceae. Salicylic acids also affect virulence in many opportunistic pathogens by decreasing their ability to form biofilms and increasing persister cell populations. It is imperative to understand the effects of salicylic acid on bacteria of various origins to illuminate potential links between environmental microbes and their clinically relevant antimicrobial-resistant counterparts. This review provides an update on known effects of salicylic acid and key derivatives on a variety of bacterial pathogens, offers insights to possible potentiation of current treatment options, and highlights cellular regulatory networks that have been established during the study of this important class of medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M E Sykes
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Dawn White
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sydney McLaughlin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ayush Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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2
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Ghidini S, Scali F, Romeo C, Guadagno F, Maisano AM, De Luca S, Varrà MO, Conter M, Ianieri A, Zanardi E, Alborali GL. A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Gastric Lesions and Anti-Inflammatory Drug Usage in Heavy Pigs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:551. [PMID: 37756075 PMCID: PMC10535441 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric lesions in pigs cause welfare and economic losses. Their prevalence in heavy pigs reared for premium products (e.g., Parma ham) requires further investigation. Stress, nutrition, and farm management are known risk factors, but the effects of steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of gastric lesions in Italian heavy pigs and their possible association with the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. A total of 9371 pig stomachs from 76 farms were evaluated. Among these, 20.3% showed no lesions, while 30.7%, 42.1%, and 6.8% were scored 1, 2 and 3, respectively. A tendency for an inverse relationship with farm size emerged. The use of steroids and NSAIDs was estimated by calculating a treatment incidence per 1000 (TI1000) in a subset of 36 farms. At least one prescription for NSAIDs and/or steroids was found in 80.6% of the farms (55.6% used NSAIDs and 63.9% used steroids). Median TI1000 was 0.07 (range: 0-30.1) and 0.18 (range: 0-6.2) for NSAIDs and steroids, respectively. Gastric scores were positively associated with NSAID use, but not with steroid use. Although the role of these drugs in gastric lesions needs to be further clarified, these findings suggest a cautious use of non-selective NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ghidini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (S.G.); (S.D.L.); (M.O.V.); (A.I.); (E.Z.)
| | - Federico Scali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.S.); (C.R.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Claudia Romeo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.S.); (C.R.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Federica Guadagno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.S.); (C.R.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Antonio Marco Maisano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.S.); (C.R.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Silvio De Luca
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (S.G.); (S.D.L.); (M.O.V.); (A.I.); (E.Z.)
| | - Maria Olga Varrà
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (S.G.); (S.D.L.); (M.O.V.); (A.I.); (E.Z.)
| | - Mauro Conter
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Sciences, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Adriana Ianieri
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (S.G.); (S.D.L.); (M.O.V.); (A.I.); (E.Z.)
| | - Emanuela Zanardi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (S.G.); (S.D.L.); (M.O.V.); (A.I.); (E.Z.)
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.S.); (C.R.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.L.A.)
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3
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Björkman S, Kauffold J, Kaiser MØ. Reproductive health of the sow during puerperium. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:561-579. [PMID: 36054784 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The modern hyperprolific sow is susceptible to metabolic disease and chronic inflammation. The most sensitive phase is parturition, when the sow experiences systemic inflammation and stress, and major changes in metabolism and endocrinology. Resolution of inflammation and stress needs to happen quickly to ensure good reproductive health during puerperium. If the sow fails to adapt to these changes, puerperal disease may occur. The economically most important puerperal disease complex is the postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PPDS). Other puerperal diseases include infections of the urogenital tract. Diagnosis of PPDS and urogenital disease on-farm is challenging but several diagnostic methods, including clinical examination, behavioral observations, ultrasonography and biomarkers are available. Ultrasonography is an excellent tool for monitoring the health of the urogenital tract, the mammary gland, and uterine involution and guide further diagnostic interventions. Biomarkers such as Chromogranin A, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 represent promising tools to monitor general health and the systemic state of inflammation and oxidative stress of the sow. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, dopamine antagonists, and oxytocin are promising to address the symptoms of PPDS. Reducing of stress, improving nutrition and intestinal health, and supporting animal welfare-friendly husbandry help in the prevention of PPDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Björkman
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes Kauffold
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Arnaud EA, Gardiner GE, Lawlor PG. Selected Nutrition and Management Strategies in Suckling Pigs to Improve Post-Weaning Outcomes. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1998. [PMID: 37370508 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Weaning is a critical period in a pig's life. Piglets are confronted with abrupt changes to their physical and social environment, as well as management and nutritional changes. Weaning has always been associated with a growth check and is frequently accompanied by post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets. However, rapid increases in litter size in the last decade have increased within-litter piglet weight variation, with piglets now generally lighter at weaning, making the challenges associated with weaning even greater. Many interventions can be employed during the suckling period to ease the weaning transition for piglets. Pre-weaning strategies such as supervised farrowing (assistance with suckling and oxytocin provision), the provision of pain relief to sows around farrowing, split-suckling, early oral supplementation with glucose, bovine colostrum, faecal microbiota transplantation, feed additives and solid and liquid creep feeding (milk and liquid feed) have all been investigated. The objective of these strategies is to stimulate earlier maturation of the digestive tract, improve immunity, reduce latency to the first feed post-weaning and increase early post-weaning feed intake and growth. This review focuses in particular on: (1) pain relief provision to sows around farrowing, (2)split-suckling of piglets, (3) pre-weaning provision of supplementary milk and/or liquid feed, (4) other strategies to stimulate earlier enzyme production (e.g., enzyme supplementation), (5) other nutritional strategies to promote improved gut structure and function (e.g., L-glutamine supplementation), and (6) other strategies to modulate gut microbiota (e.g., probiotics and prebiotics). Correctly implementing these strategies can, not only increase post-weaning growth and reduce mortality, but also maximise lifetime growth in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa A Arnaud
- Teagasc Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 County Cork, Ireland
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland
| | - Gillian E Gardiner
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland
| | - Peadar G Lawlor
- Teagasc Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 County Cork, Ireland
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Parada Sarmiento M, Lanzoni L, Sabei L, Chincarini M, Palme R, Zanella AJ, Vignola G. Lameness in Pregnant Sows Alters Placental Stress Response. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1722. [PMID: 37889627 PMCID: PMC10251993 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnant sows from commercial pig farms may experience painful states, such as lameness, an essential indicator in assessing sow welfare. We investigated the effect of lameness during the last third of pregnancy on reproductive performance and placental glucocorticoid concentrations in sows. Periodic locomotion assessments were carried out on two commercial pig farms using a validated 0-5 scoring system (from 0: normal locomotion; to 5: a downer animal). Sows from both farms (N = 511) were grouped based on their average locomotion scores. On Farm 1, 30 sows were selected and grouped as either Not Lame (NL = 16; X¯ = 0-1) or Lame (L = 14; X¯ > 1). On Farm 2, 39 sows were selected and grouped as either Not Lame (G1 = 12; X¯ = 0-1), Moderately Lame (G2 = 13; X¯ = 1.1-2), or Severely Lame (G3 = 14; X¯ ≥ 2.1). Reproductive data (gestation length, litter weight, average piglet weight, litter size, and the number of piglets born alive/mummified/stillborn) were recorded on both farms. Moreover, on Farm 2, piglet intrauterine growth restriction score and the number of piglets dead during the first week were also recorded, and placenta samples were collected to determine their cortisol/cortisone concentrations. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the data. The proportion of lameness in pregnant sows (N = 511) was >40%, and the gestation length tended to decrease with the presence of lameness (p < 0.1) in both farms. G2 sows had a higher placental cortisol/cortisone ratio than G1 and G3 sows (p < 0.01). In conclusion, lameness was high in the sows assessed, which may decrease sow gestation length and reduce placental efficiency in protecting the offspring from the sows' stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Parada Sarmiento
- Center for Comparative Studies in Sustainability, Health and Welfare, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga CEP 13635-900, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (L.L.); (M.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Lydia Lanzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (L.L.); (M.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Leandro Sabei
- Center for Comparative Studies in Sustainability, Health and Welfare, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga CEP 13635-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Matteo Chincarini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (L.L.); (M.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Wien, Austria;
| | - Adroaldo José Zanella
- Center for Comparative Studies in Sustainability, Health and Welfare, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga CEP 13635-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Giorgio Vignola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (L.L.); (M.C.); (G.V.)
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Cui L, Guo J, Wang Z, Zhang J, Li W, Dong J, Liu K, Guo L, Li J, Wang H, Li J. Meloxicam inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory response of LPS-stimulated bovine endometrial epithelial cells through Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109822. [PMID: 36750013 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Meloxicam is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and has been widely used in combination with antibiotics to alleviate uterine inflammation and provide analgesia in postpartum cows. Studies have shown that meloxicam has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the link between meloxicam and uterine inflammation and oxidative stress in dairy cows has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to research the effects of meloxicam (0.5 or 5 μM) on oxidative stress and inflammatory response of primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEEC) stimulated by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (1 μg/mL LPS). As a result, LPS stimulated the production of oxidative stress markers and the expression of inflammatory factors, accompanied by a decrease in the activity and the gene transcription of antioxidant enzymes. Co-treatment of meloxicam and LPS reduced the content of oxidative stress markers and the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory genes, and improved antioxidant enzyme activities and the corresponding gene expression as compared with the cells treated with LPS alone. Meloxicam attenuated the inhibitory effect of the Nrf2 pathway and the phosphorylation levels of p65 and IκBα caused by LPS. In conclusion, meloxicam alone had no effect on BEEC, but prevented oxidative stress and inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated BEEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Wenjie Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Kangjun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Long Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
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Coutant M, Malmkvist J, Kaiser M, Foldager L, Herskin MS. Piglets' acute responses to local anesthetic injection and surgical castration: Effects of the injection method and interval between injection and castration. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1009858. [PMID: 36246321 PMCID: PMC9556771 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1009858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although applied in some countries, efficacy of local anesthetics based on procaine to mitigate acute responses to piglet castration remains questioned. This paper presents results from a factorial study examining the effects of two methods of injection of a procaine-based drug (intra-funicular, IF, vs. intra-testicular, IT), and four intervals between drug injection and castration (2.5, 5, 10, and 30 min) on acute responses of 3–4 day old piglets. The study involved 597 male piglets, and 13 treatments: surgical castration without anesthesia (CC), local anesthesia followed by castration involving all combinations of injection method and interval, and sham handling separated by the same four intervals (SH). Responses of piglets to drug injection, castration and sham handling were evaluated based on quantification of intra-procedural vocalizations and leg movements, as well as saliva cortisol concentration in samples taken before and after castration. No differences were found between IF and the simpler IT injection method. Intervals of 2.5 or 30 min led to stronger piglet responses than the other intervals. Overall, treatments involving anesthesia led to significantly stronger responses than sham handling, during both injection and castration. All treatments, even sham handling, led to a significant increase in saliva cortisol, with no differences between anesthesia treatments and controls. Based on these results, castration 5–10 min after intra-testicular injection of procaine seems to be preferable as compared to the other treatments tested. However, piglets still showed measurable signs of pain and stress during both injection and castration, while handling alone (including the use of a castration bench) triggered a noticeable stress response. In light of these findings, the overall benefit of the procedure in terms of piglet welfare remains arguable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Coutant
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Mathilde Coutant
| | - Jens Malmkvist
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Marianne Kaiser
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Leslie Foldager
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Kuller W, Sietsma S, Hendriksen S, Sperling D. Use of paracetamol in sows around farrowing: effect on health and condition of the sow, piglet mortality, piglet weight and piglet weight gain. Porcine Health Manag 2021; 7:46. [PMID: 34364398 PMCID: PMC8349007 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-021-00224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain and fever in the periparturient period can lead to prolonged farrowing and can slow down the recovery of the sow, which will have an effect on the vitality and survival of the piglets. This study investigated the use of orally administered Paracetamol (Pracetam- CEVA) in sows in the periparturient period. RESULTS Mortality did not differ in piglets during the first week, or during total lactation (P > 0.10). No difference was found in weight or weight gain of the piglets during lactation. The coefficient of variation of piglet weight was smaller in the Paracetamol (Pm) group at day 7, day 14 and at weaning, but not at birth. So, the variation within litters was smaller in the Pm- treated sows, in comparison with the Control (C) litters. No difference in mean IgG concentration was found between treatments, but the coefficient of variation was too high (> 40) in 50% of the C litters and not in Pm litters. The Pm- treated sows lost less backfat than the C- sows. No effect was found on the body temperature of the sows, but fever was rare in both groups. CONCLUSION Paracetamol results in less variation of body weight of piglets during lactation, seems to have a potential effect on the distribution of IgG within litters and has a positive effect on backfat loss. The effects of Paracetamol might be even more pronounced in farms with high piglet mortality (this farm only 8%) or with a high incidence of agalactia, fever after farrowing or piglet diarrhoea, which was not the case in this farm. Paracetamol is a promising product for increasing the welfare in lactating sows and optimising production in the farrowing stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wikke Kuller
- University Farm Animal Practice, Reijerscopse Overgang 1, 3481, LZ, Harmelen, The Netherlands.
| | - Steven Sietsma
- University Farm Animal Practice, Reijerscopse Overgang 1, 3481, LZ, Harmelen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Hendriksen
- CEVA Netherlands, Ceva Santé Animale B.V, Tiendweg 8c, 2671, SB, Naaldwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Sperling
- CEVA Sante Animale, Havirna 1133, 67961, Letovice, Czech Republic
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9
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Høy-Petersen J, Smith JS, Merkatoris PT, Black KE, Faivre CM, Miles KG, Tatarniuk DM, Kraus KH. Case Report: Trochlear Wedge Sulcoplasty, Tibial Tuberosity Transposition, and Lateral Imbrication for Correction of a Traumatic Patellar Luxation in a Miniature Companion Pig: A Case Report and Visual Description. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:567886. [PMID: 33521073 PMCID: PMC7838352 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.567886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this case report was to describe successful surgical and post-operative management of a medial patellar luxation in a Vietnamese Potbellied Pig. A two-year old, castrated, Vietnamese Potbellied Pig presented to a veterinary teaching hospital for right pelvic limb lameness of 2 weeks duration. Upon physical examination a grade 3 patellar luxation was diagnosed on the right pelvic limb. Surgical repair included a trochlear wedge sulcoplasty, tibial tuberosity transposition, and lateral imbrication as described for canine patellar luxation. The pig was managed post-operatively with meloxicam and a physical therapy regimen of seven weeks duration. At recheck examination the pig was sound, no complications were observed, and the owners were satisfied with the outcome. As miniature companion pigs, such as Vietnamese Potbellied Pigs are currently increasing in popularity as pets, this case demonstrated that comparative techniques from other veterinary species should be considered when considering a treatment plan for a pig with a medial patellar luxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Høy-Petersen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Joe S Smith
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Paul T Merkatoris
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kelley E Black
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Cosette M Faivre
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kristina G Miles
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Dane M Tatarniuk
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Karl H Kraus
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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