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Ostuni A, Albarella S, Tassoni L, Pugliano M, D'Anza E, Crudele MA, Ciotola F, Beato MS, Iovane V, Cecchini Gualandi S, Frontoso R, De Vendel J, Peretti V, Bavoso A. Circulation of small ruminant lentivirus in endangered goat and sheep breeds of Southern Italy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33906. [PMID: 39027592 PMCID: PMC11255564 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS) of the FAO, Italy has one of the largest numbers of local small ruminant breeds among European countries. In Southern Italy, namely the Campania Region, Bagnolese and Laticauda sheep breeds and Cilentana goat breeds are considered endangered according to the DAD-IS. Conservation of endangered animal breeds is a goal of the European Union (EU). However, the role of infectious diseases as risk factors for endangered breeds has rarely been considered. Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) infect sheep and goats, causing slow-progressive, persistent, and debilitating diseases that can lead to animal death and productivity loss. In this study, we investigated the presence of SRLV in Bagnolese, Laticauda, and Cilentana breeds using a commercial ELISA in parallel with an in-house ELISA. The results of the two tests were in good agreement (Cohen Kappa 0.84, 95 % CI = 0.76-0.93). Discrepancies between the two tests were resolved using western blotting. In total, 430 samples were tested (248 Bagnolese, 125 Laticauda, and 57 Cilentana). The apparent prevalence rates were 12.5 %, 6.4 %, and 1.7 % in Bagnolese, Laticauda, and Cilentana, respectively. In the molecular analysis of 11 proviral partial sequences, subtypes B2 and A24 were identified in two Bagnolese herds. Owing to the beneficial role of sheep and goat breeding in marginal areas, it is important to screen the entire population and implement control/eradication of SRLV infections in conjunction with each conservation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ostuni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’ Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Sara Albarella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luca Tassoni
- National Reference Laboratory for Ruminant retroviruses, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche (IZSUM), Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126, Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Mariagiulia Pugliano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Emanuele D'Anza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Crudele
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’ Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciotola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Beato
- National Reference Laboratory for Ruminant retroviruses, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche (IZSUM), Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126, Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Valentina Iovane
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Frontoso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
- OneHEco APS, 84047, Capaccio Paestum, SA, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Peretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Bavoso
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’ Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
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2
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Visna in a UK flock and the biosecurity risk arising from the onward sale of likely infected pedigree stock. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Kalogianni AI, Stavropoulos I, Chaintoutis SC, Bossis I, Gelasakis AI. Serological, Molecular and Culture-Based Diagnosis of Lentiviral Infections in Small Ruminants. Viruses 2021; 13:1711. [PMID: 34578292 PMCID: PMC8473411 DOI: 10.3390/v13091711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) infections lead to chronic diseases and remarkable economic losses undermining health and welfare of animals and the sustainability of farms. Early and definite diagnosis of SRLVs infections is the cornerstone for any control and eradication efforts; however, a "gold standard" test and/or diagnostic protocols with extensive applicability have yet to be developed. The main challenges preventing the development of a universally accepted diagnostic tool with sufficient sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy to be integrated in SRLVs control programs are the genetic variability of SRLVs associated with mutations, recombination, and cross-species transmission and the peculiarities of small ruminants' humoral immune response regarding late seroconversion, as well as intermittent and epitope-specific antibody production. The objectives of this review paper were to summarize the available serological and molecular assays for the diagnosis of SRLVs, to highlight their diagnostic performance emphasizing on advantages and drawbacks of their application, and to discuss current and future perspectives, challenges, limitations and impacts regarding the development of reliable and efficient tools for the diagnosis of SRLVs infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aphrodite I. Kalogianni
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Stavropoulos
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (Ι.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Serafeim C. Chaintoutis
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 11 Stavrou Voutyra Str., 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Bossis
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (Ι.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Athanasios I. Gelasakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
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de Miguel R, Arrieta M, Rodríguez-Largo A, Echeverría I, Resendiz R, Pérez E, Ruiz H, Pérez M, de Andrés D, Reina R, de Blas I, Luján L. Worldwide Prevalence of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Sheep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:784. [PMID: 33799908 PMCID: PMC8000744 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLV) are highly prevalent retroviruses with significant genetic diversity and antigenic heterogeneity that cause a progressive wasting disease of sheep called Maedi-visna. This work provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of the last 40 years (1981-2020) of scientific publications on SRLV individual and flock prevalence. Fifty-eight publications and 314 studies were included. Most articles used a single diagnostic test to estimate prevalence (77.6%), whereas articles using three or more tests were scarce (6.9%). Serological tests are more frequently used than direct methods and ELISA has progressively replaced AGID over the last decades. SRLV infection in sheep is widespread across the world, with Europe showing the highest individual prevalence (40.9%) and being the geographical area in which most studies have been performed. Africa, Asia, and North America show values between 16.7% to 21.8% at the individual level. South and Central America show the lowest individual SRLV prevalence (1.7%). There was a strong positive correlation between individual and flock prevalence (ρ = 0.728; p ≤ 0.001). Despite the global importance of small ruminants, the coverage of knowledge on SRLV prevalence is patchy and inconsistent. There is a lack of a gold standard method and a defined sampling strategy among countries and continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Miguel
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.d.M.); (M.A.); (A.R.-L.); (R.R.); (E.P.); (H.R.); (I.d.B.)
| | - Marta Arrieta
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.d.M.); (M.A.); (A.R.-L.); (R.R.); (E.P.); (H.R.); (I.d.B.)
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Largo
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.d.M.); (M.A.); (A.R.-L.); (R.R.); (E.P.); (H.R.); (I.d.B.)
| | - Irache Echeverría
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, CSIC-Government of Navarra, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (I.E.); (D.d.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Raúl Resendiz
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.d.M.); (M.A.); (A.R.-L.); (R.R.); (E.P.); (H.R.); (I.d.B.)
| | - Estela Pérez
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.d.M.); (M.A.); (A.R.-L.); (R.R.); (E.P.); (H.R.); (I.d.B.)
| | - Héctor Ruiz
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.d.M.); (M.A.); (A.R.-L.); (R.R.); (E.P.); (H.R.); (I.d.B.)
| | - Marta Pérez
- Department of Anatomy, Embriology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Mixto Agroalimentario de Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Damián de Andrés
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, CSIC-Government of Navarra, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (I.E.); (D.d.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Ramsés Reina
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, CSIC-Government of Navarra, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (I.E.); (D.d.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Ignacio de Blas
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.d.M.); (M.A.); (A.R.-L.); (R.R.); (E.P.); (H.R.); (I.d.B.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Mixto Agroalimentario de Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lluís Luján
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.d.M.); (M.A.); (A.R.-L.); (R.R.); (E.P.); (H.R.); (I.d.B.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Mixto Agroalimentario de Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Development of a recombinase polymerase amplification lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) for the field diagnosis of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection. J Virol Methods 2017; 243:98-104. [PMID: 28159666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) in goats is a complex disease syndrome caused by a lentivirus. This persistent viral infection results in arthritis in adult goats and encephalitis in lambs. The prognosis for the encephalitic form is normally poor, and this form of the disease has caused substantial economic losses for goat farmers. Hence, a more efficient detection platform based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) was developed in the present study for detecting the proviral DNA of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV). Under the optimal incubation conditions, specifically, 30min at 37°C for RPA followed by 5min at room temperature for LFD, the assay was found to be sensitive to a lower limit of 80pg of total DNA and 10 copies of plasmid DNA. Furthermore, there was no cross-reaction with other tested viruses, including goat pox virus and bovine leukemia virus. Given its simplicity and portability, this RPA-LFD protocol can serve as an alternative tool to ELISA for the primary screening of CAEV, one that is suitable for both laboratory and field application. When the RPA-LFD was applied in parallel with serological ELISA for the detection of CAEV in field samples, the RPA-LFD assay exhibited a higher sensitivity than the traditional method, and 82% of the 200 samples collected in Taiwan were found to be positive. To our knowledge, this is the first report providing evidence to support the use of an RPA-LFD assay as a specific and sensitive platform for detecting CAEV proviral DNA in goats in a faster manner, one that is also applicable for on-site utilization at farms and that should be useful in both eradication programs and epidemiological studies.
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Yang WC, Chen HY, Wang CY, Pan HY, Wu CW, Hsu YH, Su JC, Chan KW. High prevalence of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in Taiwan revealed by large-scale serological survey. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 79:273-276. [PMID: 27916786 PMCID: PMC5326930 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a large-scale serological survey of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
(CAEV) infection was conducted between March 2011 and October 2012. 3,437 goat blood or
milk samples were collected from 65 goat farms throughout Taiwan. A commercial ELISA kit
was used to detect antibodies against CAEV. The overall seropositive rate was 61.7%
(2,120/3,437) in goats and in 98.5% (64/65) of goat farms. These results provide the first
large-scale serological evidence for the presence of CAEV infection, indicating that the
disease is widespread in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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7
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Minguijón E, Reina R, Pérez M, Polledo L, Villoria M, Ramírez H, Leginagoikoa I, Badiola JJ, García-Marín JF, de Andrés D, Luján L, Amorena B, Juste RA. Small ruminant lentivirus infections and diseases. Vet Microbiol 2015; 181:75-89. [PMID: 26371852 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Small ruminant lentiviruses include viruses with diverse genotypes that frequently cross the species barrier between sheep and goats and that display a great genetic variability. These characteristics stress the need to consider the whole host range and to perform local surveillance of the viruses to opt for optimum diagnostic tests, in order to establish control programmes. In the absence of effective vaccines, a comprehensive knowledge of the epidemiology of these infections is of major importance to limit their spread. This article intends to cover these aspects and to summarise information related to characteristics of the viruses, pathogenesis of the infection and description of the various syndromes produced, as well as the diagnostic tools available, the mechanisms involved in transmission of the pathogens and, finally, the control strategies that have been designed until now, with remarks on the drawbacks and the advantages of each one. We conclude that there are many variables influencing the expected cost and benefits of control programs that must be evaluated, in order to put into practice measures that might lead to control of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Minguijón
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - R Reina
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarra), Avenida de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - M Pérez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics. University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L Polledo
- Pathological Anatomy Section, Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, University of León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - M Villoria
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - H Ramírez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán. UNAM. Laboratorio de Virología, Genética y Biología Molecular, Campo 4. Veterinaria.Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, Km 2.5. San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli, CP.54714 Mexico
| | - I Leginagoikoa
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - J J Badiola
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J F García-Marín
- Pathological Anatomy Section, Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, University of León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - D de Andrés
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarra), Avenida de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - L Luján
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - B Amorena
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarra), Avenida de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - R A Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain.
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Ritchie
- Premium Sheep and Goat Health Schemes, SAC Consulting Veterinary Services, Mill of Craibstone, Aberdeen AB21 9TB
| | - Brian Hosie
- SAC Consulting Veterinary Services, Allan Watt Building, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QE
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Stonos N, Wootton S, Quinton M, Karrow N. Seroprevalence of small ruminant lentivirus infection in Ontario goat herds. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Synge B. Lentivirus infections in sheep and goats: how big is the burden? Vet J 2013; 197:521-2. [PMID: 23856392 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barti Synge
- Borthwick Farm, Gorebridge, Midlothian EH23 4QZ, Scotland, UK.
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12
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Expanding possibilities for intervention against small ruminant lentiviruses through genetic marker-assisted selective breeding. Viruses 2013; 5:1466-99. [PMID: 23771240 PMCID: PMC3717717 DOI: 10.3390/v5061466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ruminant lentiviruses include members that infect sheep (ovine lentivirus [OvLV]; also known as ovine progressive pneumonia virus/maedi-visna virus) and goats (caprine arthritis encephalitis virus [CAEV]). Breed differences in seroprevalence and proviral concentration of OvLV had suggested a strong genetic component in susceptibility to infection by OvLV in sheep. A genetic marker test for susceptibility to OvLV has been developed recently based on the TMEM154 gene with validation data from over 2,800 sheep representing nine cohorts. While no single genotype has been shown to have complete resistance to OvLV, consistent association in thousands of sheep from multiple breeds and management conditions highlight a new strategy for intervention by selective breeding. This genetic marker-assisted selection (MAS) has the potential to be a useful addition to existing viral control measures. Further, the discovery of multiple additional genomic regions associated with susceptibility to or control of OvLV suggests that additional genetic marker tests may be developed to extend the reach of MAS in the future. This review will cover the strengths and limitations of existing data from host genetics as an intervention and outline additional questions for future genetic research in sheep, goats, small ruminant lentiviruses, and their host-pathogen interactions.
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Li Y, Zhou F, Li X, Wang J, Zhao X, Huang J. Development of TaqMan-based qPCR method for detection of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection. Arch Virol 2013; 158:2135-41. [PMID: 23670072 PMCID: PMC3785178 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A specific and sensitive two-step TaqMan real-time PCR has been developed for rapid diagnosis of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection by using a set of specific primers and a TaqMan probe targeting a highly conserved region within the gene encoding the viral capsid protein (CA). The assay successfully detected CAEV proviral DNA in total DNA extracts originating from cell culture, whole blood samples and isolated PBMCs, with a lower detection limit of 102 copies and a linear dynamic range of 105 to 1010 copies/ml. There was no cross-reaction with other animal viruses (e.g., goat pox virus, bovine leukemia virus, bovine mucosal disease virus, swine influenza virus and Nipah virus). When applied in parallel with serological AGID and conventional PCR for detection of CAEV in field samples, this assay exhibited a higher sensitivity than these traditional methods, and 7.8 % of the 308 specimens collected in the Shanxi and Tianjin regions of China from 1993 to 2011 were found to be positive. Thus, the TaqMan qPCR assay provides a fast, specific and sensitive means for detecting CAEV proviral DNA in goat specimens and should be useful for large-scale detection in eradication programs and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. No. 92, Weijin road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Polledo L, González J, Fernández C, Miguélez J, Martínez-Fernández B, Morales S, Ferreras M, Marín JG. Simple control strategy to reduce the level of Maedi-Visna infection in sheep flocks with high prevalence values (>90%). Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Reduced lentivirus susceptibility in sheep with TMEM154 mutations. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002467. [PMID: 22291605 PMCID: PMC3266874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Visna/Maedi, or ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) as it is known in the United States, is an incurable slow-acting disease of sheep caused by persistent lentivirus infection. This disease affects multiple tissues, including those of the respiratory and central nervous systems. Our aim was to identify ovine genetic risk factors for lentivirus infection. Sixty-nine matched pairs of infected cases and uninfected controls were identified among 736 naturally exposed sheep older than five years of age. These pairs were used in a genome-wide association study with 50,614 markers. A single SNP was identified in the ovine transmembrane protein (TMEM154) that exceeded genome-wide significance (unadjusted p-value 3×10−9). Sanger sequencing of the ovine TMEM154 coding region identified six missense and two frameshift deletion mutations in the predicted signal peptide and extracellular domain. Two TMEM154 haplotypes encoding glutamate (E) at position 35 were associated with infection while a third haplotype with lysine (K) at position 35 was not. Haplotypes encoding full-length E35 isoforms were analyzed together as genetic risk factors in a multi-breed, matched case-control design, with 61 pairs of 4-year-old ewes. The odds of infection for ewes with one copy of a full-length TMEM154 E35 allele were 28 times greater than the odds for those without (p-value<0.0001, 95% CI 5–1,100). In a combined analysis of nine cohorts with 2,705 sheep from Nebraska, Idaho, and Iowa, the relative risk of infection was 2.85 times greater for sheep with a full-length TMEM154 E35 allele (p-value<0.0001, 95% CI 2.36–3.43). Although rare, some sheep were homozygous for TMEM154 deletion mutations and remained uninfected despite a lifetime of significant exposure. Together, these findings indicate that TMEM154 may play a central role in ovine lentivirus infection and removing sheep with the most susceptible genotypes may help eradicate OPP and protect flocks from reinfection. Ovine lentivirus targets the host immune system and causes persistent retroviral infections affecting millions of sheep worldwide. In primates, lentivirus resistance is attributed to mutant virus coreceptors that are not expressed. In sheep, some animals are resistant to lentivirus infection despite repeated exposure; however, the mechanism of resistance is unknown. We designed a genome-wide association study to test whether sheep might have genetic variation that protects against lentivirus infection. Our results showed that variation in an ovine gene (TMEM154) was associated with infection. Sheep with the ancestral type of this gene were nearly three times more likely to become infected than those with mutant forms. We also discovered two mutant forms predicted to abolish the protein's function. Although the biological function of TMEM154 is unknown, our results indicate that it plays an important role in lentivirus infection in sheep. Producing sheep with the least susceptible form of TMEM154 may help eradicate the ovine disease caused by lentivirus.
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Martins G, Lilenbaum W. Possible effect of association with cooperatives in the control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Vet Rec 2011; 169:416. [PMID: 21908550 DOI: 10.1136/vr.d5442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Martins
- Veterinary Bacteriology Laboratory, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
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Leptospirosis as the most frequent infectious disease impairing productivity in small ruminants in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 44:773-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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