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Dijkstra E, Vellema P, Peterson K, ter Bogt-Kappert C, Dijkman R, Harkema L, van Engelen E, Aalberts M, Santman-Berends I, van den Brom R. Monitoring and Surveillance of Small Ruminant Health in The Netherlands. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060635. [PMID: 35745489 PMCID: PMC9230677 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In contemporary society and modern livestock farming, a monitoring and surveillance system for animal health has become indispensable. In addition to obligations arising from European regulations regarding monitoring and surveillance of animal diseases, The Netherlands developed a voluntary system for the monitoring and surveillance of small ruminant health. This system aims for (1) early detection of outbreaks of designated animal diseases, (2) early detection of yet unknown disease conditions, and (3) insight into trends and developments. To meet these objectives, a system is in place based on four main surveillance components, namely a consultancy helpdesk, diagnostic services, multiple networks, and an annual data analysis. This paper describes the current system and its ongoing development and gives an impression of nearly twenty years of performance by providing a general overview of key findings and three elaborated examples of notable disease outbreaks. Results indicate that the current system has added value to the detection of various (re)emerging and new diseases. Nevertheless, animal health monitoring and surveillance require a flexible approach that is able to keep pace with changes and developments within the industry. Therefore, monitoring and surveillance systems should be continuously adapted and improved using new techniques and insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Dijkstra
- Department of Small Ruminant Health, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (P.V.); (K.P.); (C.t.B.-K.); (R.v.d.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)88-2094595
| | - Piet Vellema
- Department of Small Ruminant Health, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (P.V.); (K.P.); (C.t.B.-K.); (R.v.d.B.)
| | - Karianne Peterson
- Department of Small Ruminant Health, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (P.V.); (K.P.); (C.t.B.-K.); (R.v.d.B.)
| | - Carlijn ter Bogt-Kappert
- Department of Small Ruminant Health, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (P.V.); (K.P.); (C.t.B.-K.); (R.v.d.B.)
| | - Reinie Dijkman
- Department of Pathology, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (R.D.); (L.H.)
| | - Liesbeth Harkema
- Department of Pathology, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (R.D.); (L.H.)
| | - Erik van Engelen
- Department of Research and Development, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (E.v.E.); (M.A.); (I.S.-B.)
| | - Marian Aalberts
- Department of Research and Development, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (E.v.E.); (M.A.); (I.S.-B.)
| | - Inge Santman-Berends
- Department of Research and Development, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (E.v.E.); (M.A.); (I.S.-B.)
| | - René van den Brom
- Department of Small Ruminant Health, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (P.V.); (K.P.); (C.t.B.-K.); (R.v.d.B.)
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Letko A, Dijkman R, Strugnell B, Häfliger IM, Paris JM, Henderson K, Geraghty T, Orr H, Scholes S, Drögemüller C. Deleterious AGXT Missense Variant Associated with Type 1 Primary Hyperoxaluria (PH1) in Zwartbles Sheep. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1147. [PMID: 33003365 PMCID: PMC7600965 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe oxalate nephropathy has been previously reported in sheep and is mostly associated with excessive oxalate in the diet. However, a rare native Dutch breed (Zwartbles) seems to be predisposed to an inherited juvenile form of primary hyperoxaluria and no causative genetic variant has been described so far. This study aims to characterize the phenotype and genetic etiology of the inherited metabolic disease observed in several purebred Zwartbles sheep. Affected animals present with a wide range of clinical signs including condition loss, inappetence, malaise, and, occasionally, respiratory signs, as well as an apparent sudden unexpected death. Histopathology revealed widespread oxalate crystal deposition in kidneys of the cases. Whole-genome sequencing of two affected sheep identified a missense variant in the ovine AGXT gene (c.584G>A; p.Cys195Tyr). Variants in AGXT are known to cause type I primary hyperoxaluria in dogs and humans. Herein, we present evidence that the observed clinicopathological phenotype can be described as a form of ovine type I primary hyperoxaluria. This disorder is explained by a breed-specific recessively inherited pathogenic AGXT variant. Genetic testing enables selection against this fatal disorder in Zwartbles sheep as well as more precise diagnosis in animals with similar clinical phenotype. Our results have been incorporated in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) database (OMIA 001672-9940).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Letko
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (I.M.H.); (J.M.P.)
| | | | - Ben Strugnell
- Farm Post Mortems Ltd., Hamsterley, Bishop Auckland, County Durham DL13 3QF, UK;
| | - Irene M. Häfliger
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (I.M.H.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Julia M. Paris
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (I.M.H.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Katrina Henderson
- SRUC Consulting Veterinary Services, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Estate Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (K.H.); (T.G.); (H.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Tim Geraghty
- SRUC Consulting Veterinary Services, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Estate Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (K.H.); (T.G.); (H.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Hannah Orr
- SRUC Consulting Veterinary Services, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Estate Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (K.H.); (T.G.); (H.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Sandra Scholes
- SRUC Consulting Veterinary Services, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Estate Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (K.H.); (T.G.); (H.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (I.M.H.); (J.M.P.)
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Failure of maternal colostral antibody transfer in lambs linked to excess dietary iodine. Vet Rec 2016; 179:41-4. [PMID: 27389751 DOI: 10.1136/vr.i2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Failure of maternal colostral antibody transfer in lambsHypomagnesaemia in calvesHyperplastic goitre in a stillborn calfAbortion storm in a beef herd due to Salmonella MontevideoRickets in hogg lambsStaphylococcus hyicus isolated from piglets with joint ill These are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for March 2016 from SAC Consulting: Veterinary Services (SAC C VS).
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