1
|
Floersch S, Vidden C, Askow AT, Jones MT, Fields JB, Jagim AR. Seasonal Changes in Match Demands and Workload Distribution in Collegiate Soccer Across Two Seasons. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:1440-1446. [PMID: 39072657 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Floersch, S, Vidden, C, Askow, AT, Jones, MT, Fields, JB, and Jagim, AR. Seasonal changes in match demands and workload distribution in collegiate soccer across two seasons. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): 1440-1446, 2024-The purpose of this study was to examine seasonal changes in match demands in a collegiate women's soccer team. Forty-eight NCAA Division III women soccer athletes (age: 19.5 ± 1.2 years; height: 1.67 ± 0.05 m; body mass: 64.8 ± 7.4 kg; fat-free mass: 50.0 ± 4.5 kg; body fat %: 22.6 ± 6.0) were equipped with wearable global positioning systems with inertial sensors and heart rate (HR) monitors during matches throughout the 2019 (n = 22) and 2021 seasons (n = 26). Players were classified by position: flank player (FP; n = 28), center midfielder (CM; n = 11), and center back fielder (CB; n = 9) and as starters (S, n = 17) or reserves (R, n = 31). Variables included HR, training load, total distance, high-speed distance, distance per minute, and weighted distance. Differences in match and practice session demands were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with season (2 levels; 2019 and 2021) as a fixed factor, with alpha set to p = 0.05. Data across all matches and training sessions were collapsed and presented as mean ± SD for descriptive purposes and then grouped by session type (i.e., match or training) and position. Athletes traveled more distance at high speeds during match play in the 2021 season compared with 2019 (mean difference, 95% confidence intervals [CI]) (200, 95% CI: 104, 304 km; p < 0.05) but had a lower training load in 2021 compared with 2019 (-50, 95% CI: -63, -36; p < 0.05) during match play. For training sessions, mean HR (4, 95% CI: 2, 5 bpm), total distance (0.5, 95% CI: 0.4, 0.7), distance per minute (5.6, 95% CI: 4.5, 6.7 m·min-1), high-speed distance (43, 95% CI: 43, 18, 67 m), high accelerations (8.6, 95% CI: 5.4, 11.8 n), and high accelerations per minute (0.1, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.1 n·min-1) were all higher in 2021 compared with 2019 (p < 0.05). As a team, several differences in measures of external workload were found between seasons in both session types (training and matches). Variations in positional demands of match play appear to fluctuate by year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Floersch
- Department of Math and Statistics, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Chad Vidden
- Department of Math and Statistics, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Andrew T Askow
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Margaret T Jones
- Sport, Recreation, and Tourism Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, Intercollegiate Athletics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Jennifer B Fields
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, Intercollegiate Athletics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Andrew R Jagim
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, Intercollegiate Athletics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
- Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin; and
- Exercise & Sport Science Department, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dewig DR, Boltz AJ, Moffit RE, Rao N, Collins CL, Chandran A. Epidemiology of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes: 2014/2015-2018/2019. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:29-36. [PMID: 37616175 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of ACL tears in NCAA men's and women's sports. METHODS Injury and exposure data collected within the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program from 2014/2015 to 2018/2019 were analyzed. ACL tear frequencies, injury rates (IR), and injury proportions were used to describe injury incidence by sport, event type, injury mechanism, and injury history. Injury rate ratios (IRR) were used to examine differential injury rates, and injury proportion ratios (IPR) were used to examine differential distributions. RESULTS A total of 729 ACL tears were reported from 8,474,401 recorded athlete exposures (AE) during the study period (IR = 0.86 per 10,000 AE), and the competition-related ACL tear rate was higher than the practice-related rate (IRR = 5.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.75-6.39). Among men's sports, the highest overall ACL tear rate was observed in men's football (IR = 1.44 per 10,000 AE), whereas among women's sports, the highest overall rate was observed in women's soccer (IR = 2.60 per 10,000 AE). Among sex-comparable sports, ACL tear rates were higher in women's basketball, softball, and soccer, as compared with their men's counterparts. ACL tears were more prevalently attributed to player contact mechanisms in men's sports than women's sports (IPR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.37-2.19), but more prevalently attributed to noncontact mechanisms in women's sports than men's sports (IPR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.01-1.35). CONCLUSIONS ACL tear risk in women's sports continues to warrant attention and prevention efforts. Given the differential rates by event type, future research efforts may also evaluate initiatives to reduce competition-related injury burden in NCAA sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek R Dewig
- College of Education, Health and Human Performance, Fairmont State University, Fairmont WV
| | | | - Reagan E Moffit
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Neel Rao
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Christy L Collins
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Avinash Chandran
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Snyder BJ, Maung-Maung C, Whitacre C. Indicators of Fatigue during a Soccer Match Simulation Using GPS-Derived Workload Values: Which Metrics Are Most Useful? Sports (Basel) 2023; 12:9. [PMID: 38251283 PMCID: PMC10818658 DOI: 10.3390/sports12010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Research into women's competitive soccer matches has shown distance and high-speed running (HSR) reductions over time, but the effects on some GPS-derived metrics have not been investigated. The purpose of this project was to examine the utility of common GPS metrics for indicating fatigue from the T-SAFT90 match simulation in collegiate soccer players. Unlike in competitive matches, changes to these metrics occurred as early as 15 min, with HSR, average and max speed, and speed intensity (SI) exhibiting significant declines. HSR and SI were even further decreased in later periods, with HSR lower in minutes 30-40 (T30-35 and T35-40) than T15-20 and lower in T70-85 than T45-60. SI showed a similar pattern of continued decline, reaching its lowest value in the last three time segments. Accelerations and decelerations were also decreased beginning at T15-20 and T20-25, respectively, but the fatigue index (FI), dynamic stress load (DSL), and step balance (SB) were unchanged. It can be concluded that in contrast to competitive matches where players can dictate their own intensity, a match simulation may result in a quicker onset of fatigue, but not all GPS-derived values change as expected in fatiguing environments. Coaches and sports scientists may use these findings to properly monitor fatigue in real time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Snyder
- Department of Health Sciences, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA;
| | - Cameron Maung-Maung
- Department of Health Sciences, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA;
| | - Cameron Whitacre
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Choice EE, Tufano JJ, Jagger KL, Cochrane-Snyman KC. Match-Play External Load and Internal Load in NCAA Division II Women's Soccer. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:633-639. [PMID: 37844187 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Choice, EE, Tufano, JJ, Jagger, KL, and Cochrane-Snyman, KC. Match-play external load and internal load in NCAA Division II women's soccer. J Strength Cond Res 37(12): e633-e639, 2023-The purpose of this study was to describe average match-play demands for NCAA DII women's soccer, including positional and time-specific differences, and relationships between variables. External load was assessed using total distance, relative distance, sprint distance, number of power plays, peak speed, and Player Load. Internal load was assessed using session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Mixed factor analysis of variance was used to assess time by position (midfielder, forward, or defender) for dependent measures. Correlations were assessed between separate pair groups. Average match-play demands included 9,463 ± 2,591 m total distance, 172 ± 48 m·min -1 relative distance, 531 ± 301 m sprint distance, peak speeds of 26 ± 1.6 kph, 46.71 ± 21.75 power plays, and 457.84 ± 121.78 AU Player Load. Significant ( p < 0.05) positional differences were found for total distance, Player Load, match load, and peak speed. Significant, moderate correlations were found between relative distance and match load, and sRPE and total distance, Player Load, and power plays (all p < 0.001). Results indicate there are positional differences within a women's DII soccer team, with midfielders accumulating the longest distances (10,509 ± 2,913 m) and greatest Player Load (527.79 ± 130.5 AU) and match load (576 ± 343 AU), forwards running the fastest peak speeds (26.8 ± 1.5 kph), and defenders maintaining most consistent performance. Match-play external and internal load data should be monitored by player position and half for DII women's soccer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Choice
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, School of Physical Therapy, Regis University, Denver, Colorado
| | - James J Tufano
- Charles University in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Prague, Czech Republic; and
- Concordia University of Chicago, River Forest, Illinois
| | - Kristen L Jagger
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, School of Physical Therapy, Regis University, Denver, Colorado
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Manning CN, Sekiguchi Y, Benjamin CL, Spaulding MR, Dierickx EE, Spaulding JM, Davenport DM, Picard-Busky JR, Chiampas GT, Nassis GP, Casa DJ. Deconstructing stereotypes: Stature, match-playing time, and performance in elite Women's World Cup soccer. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:1067190. [PMID: 36589782 PMCID: PMC9795175 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.1067190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruiting companies recommend elite female soccer players be ≥165 cm (5'5″) in stature. This study investigated if stature limits match-playing time and performance in elite World Cup soccer among players, positions, and countries. We hypothesized stature would not affect match-playing time or performance. Descriptive data were collected on 552 players from 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. Odds ratios determined likelihood of starting for players <165 cm and ≥165 cm. ANOVAs compared playing time between stature groups, among positions, and between countries. Performance factors including assists, goals, attempts, corners, shots blocked, and defending blocks were reported. Independent t-tests compared differences between players (≥165 cm, < 165 cm). Data are reported, mean difference [95% confidence interval] [MD (95%CI)] and effect sizes (ES). On average, 32.3% of players were <165 cm. Of total players, no differences existed in total minutes (F = 0.98, p = 0.32), matches (F = 0.27 p = 0.59), or average minutes per match (F = 0.48, p = 0.49) between stature groups, regardless of position. No differences existed in playing time between players <165 cm and ≥165 cm among any positions (p > 0.05), or between countries (p > 0.05). Taller mid-fielders exhibited greater performance in goals, assists, attempts, shots blocked, and defending blocks (MD [95%CI] ES; assists, -0.44[-0.76,-0.11]0.59, p = 0.009; goals, -0.35[-0.69,-0.01]0.44, p = 0.047); attempts, 3.14[1.38, 4.90]0.80, p = 0.001; corners, 2.04[0.12, 3.95]0.48, p = 0.037; shots blocked, 0.96[0.40, 1.51]0.75, p = 0.001; defending blocks, 0.43[0.32,0.82]0.48, p = 0.035), however, actual differences were minimal. Our findings indicate stature does not inhibit playing and performing elite women's soccer, as nearly one-third of players were <165 cm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciara N. Manning
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States,Correspondence: C. N. Manning
| | - Yasuki Sekiguchi
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States,Sports Performance Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Courteney L. Benjamin
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States,Department of Kinesiology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - McKenna R. Spaulding
- Department of Health and Physical Education and Recreation, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA, United States
| | - Erin E. Dierickx
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Jayson M. Spaulding
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Dayshia M. Davenport
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - George T. Chiampas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States,Chief Medical Officer, United States Soccer Federation, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - George P. Nassis
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Douglas J. Casa
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Choice E, Tufano J, Jagger K, Hooker K, Cochrane-Snyman KC. Differences across Playing Levels for Match-Play Physical Demands in Women’s Professional and Collegiate Soccer: A Narrative Review. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10100141. [PMID: 36287754 PMCID: PMC9609138 DOI: 10.3390/sports10100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in sport technology have made quantifying match-play external load (e.g., total distance, sprint distance, number of sprints) a popular option for athletics personnel. These variables of volume and intensity are useful for both objectively monitoring training in field-based sports and for designing training programs. As physical abilities differ across playing levels, match-play demands likely also differ. This narrative review compiles and compares the match-play external load data for women’s soccer at the professional and collegiate levels. Databases were searched through July 2022, yielding 13 primary articles that assessed the match-play demands of women’s soccer (3 professional, 8 Division I, 1 Division II, and 1 Division III). The results indicate that the average total distance covered were similar between the professional, Division I and Division III levels, but the variability was greater among Division III compared to professional and Division I players. Data for Division II are scarce, but the total distance covered appears to be less than for professional, Division I and Division III. There was also large variability for sprint distance and number of sprints across data at all playing levels. Considering the lack of studies of Division II and Division III players, more research is necessary to determine how playing level may affect external load profiles, as isolated studies likely only reflect data from isolated teams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Choice
- School of Physical Therapy, Regis University, Denver, CO 80221, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - James Tufano
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University Prague, 16252 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Concordia University of Chicago, River Forest, IL 60305, USA
| | - Kristen Jagger
- School of Physical Therapy, Regis University, Denver, CO 80221, USA
| | - Kayla Hooker
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Kristen C. Cochrane-Snyman
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Concordia University of Chicago, River Forest, IL 60305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Laxdal A, Ivarsson A, Sigurgeirsson O, Haugen T. Are the playoffs different from the regular season? A comparison of in-game statistics in Icelandic elite handball. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2022.2115781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aron Laxdal
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Andreas Ivarsson
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Center of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | | | - Tommy Haugen
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Harkness-Armstrong A, Till K, Datson N, Myhill N, Emmonds S. A systematic review of match-play characteristics in women's soccer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268334. [PMID: 35771861 PMCID: PMC9246157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to (1) systematically review the scientific literature evaluating the match-play characteristics of women's soccer, (2) determine the methods adopted to quantify match-play characteristics of women's soccer, and (3) present the physical, technical and tactical characteristics of women's soccer match-play across age-groups, playing standards and playing positions. A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted in May 2021; keywords relating to the population, soccer and match-play characteristics were used. Studies which quantified physical, technical or tactical performance of women's soccer players during match-play were included. Excluded studies included adapted match-play formats and training studies. Sixty-nine studies met the eligibility criteria. Studies predominantly quantified match-play characteristics of senior international (n = 27) and domestic (n = 30) women's soccer match-play, with only seven studies reporting youth match-play characteristics. Physical (n = 47), technical (n = 26) and tactical characteristics (n = 2) were reported as whole-match (n = 65), half-match (n = 21), segmental (n = 17) or peak (n = 8) characteristics. Beyond age-groups, playing standard, and playing position, fourteen studies quantified the impact of contextual factors, such as environment or match outcome, on match-play characteristics. Distance was the most commonly reported variable (n = 43), as outfield women's soccer players covered a total distance of 5480-11160 m during match-play. This systematic review highlights that physical match-performance increases between age-groups and playing standards, and differs between playing positions. However, further research is warranted to understand potential differences in technical and tactical match-performance. Coaches and practitioners can use the evidence presented within this review to inform population-specific practices, however, they should be mindful of important methodological limitations within the literature (e.g. inconsistent velocity and acceleration/deceleration thresholds). Future research should attempt to integrate physical, technical and tactical characteristics as opposed to quantifying characteristics in isolation, to gain a deeper and more holistic insight into match-performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Harkness-Armstrong
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Till
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Datson
- Institute of Sport, University of Chichester, Chichester, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Myhill
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- The Football Association, Burton Upon Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey Emmonds
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rentz LE, Hornsby WG, Gawel WJ, Rawls BG, Ramadan J, Galster SM. Contextual Variation in External and Internal Workloads across the Competitive Season of a Collegiate Women's Soccer Team. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9120165. [PMID: 34941803 PMCID: PMC8708705 DOI: 10.3390/sports9120165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As sports technology has continued to develop, monitoring athlete workloads, performance, and recovery has demonstrated boundless benefits for athlete and team success. Specifically, technologies such as global positioning systems (GPS) and heart rate (HR) monitors have granted the opportunity to delve deeper into performance contributors, and how variations may exist based upon context. A team of NCAA Division I women’s soccer athletes were monitored during games throughout one competitive season. Individual athlete, positional groups, and team external and internal workloads were explored for differences based upon game location, opponent ranking, game result, and the final score differential. Game location and opponent ranking were found to have no effect on team-wide absolute or relative external workloads, whereas game result and score differential did. Internal workloads across the team tended to only vary by game half, independent of game context; however, the HR of defenders was determined to be higher during losses as compared to wins (p = 0.0256). Notably, the games that resulted in losses also represented the games with the fewest number of substitutions. These findings suggest high value in monitoring performance and workloads that are characteristic of varying, often multifaceted, contexts. It is hoped that this information can lead to more informed approaches to vital game-time and coaching decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Rentz
- Human Performance Innovation Center, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (B.G.R.); (J.R.); (S.M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - William Guy Hornsby
- College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (W.G.H.); (W.J.G.)
| | - Wesley J. Gawel
- College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (W.G.H.); (W.J.G.)
| | - Bobby G. Rawls
- Human Performance Innovation Center, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (B.G.R.); (J.R.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Jad Ramadan
- Human Performance Innovation Center, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (B.G.R.); (J.R.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Scott M. Galster
- Human Performance Innovation Center, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (B.G.R.); (J.R.); (S.M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Football de haut-niveau : analyses physique et physiologique – blessures et prévention. Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
11
|
Distance and Intensity Profiles in Division I Women's Soccer Matches across a Competitive Season. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9050063. [PMID: 34065965 PMCID: PMC8151214 DOI: 10.3390/sports9050063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Women’s participation in soccer has increased rapidly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological demands imposed on women’s NCAA Division I soccer players across a season according to speed, total distance traveled, and numbers of sprints measured via GPS (Polar Team Pro®). Eighteen athletes (19.2 ± 1.1 years, 50.5 ± 6.5 mL/kg/min and 23.4 ± 3.6% fat) participated in this study. The analysis was obtained through 13 official matches. Speed zones were defined as Zone 1 (1.0 to 5.99 km·h−1), Zone 2 (6.0 to 10.99 km·h−1), Zone 3 (11.0 to 15.49 km·h−1), Zone 4 (15.5 to 19.9 km·h−1) and Zone 5 (sprint > 20 km·h−1), with Zones 4–5 considered as high intensity running. Individual differences in playing time and total distance were highly variable due to substitutions. Average distance traveled per game in quartiles was 3.9 km, 5.6 km and 7.4 km in the 25th, 50th, and 75th quartiles, respectively. Relative to playing time, players travelled an average of 113.64 ± 17.12 m/min (range: 93.7 to 143.5 m/min) and ran one sprint every 4.12 ± 2.06 min. When distance was summated and analyzed for the entire team, significant difference between halves was found for speed Zones 2, 3 and 4, with greater values found in the first half. Total distance, high intensity running and sprint distance were significantly less than previously recorded in professional players. These findings suggest that coaches should consider the unique physiological demands and recovery opportunities present in NCAA play when constructing practices and conditioning programs.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gonçalves L, Clemente FM, Barrera JI, Sarmento H, González-Fernández FT, Rico-González M, Carral JMC. Exploring the Determinants of Repeated-Sprint Ability in Adult Women Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4595. [PMID: 33926099 PMCID: PMC8123705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the main determinants of repeated-sprint ability (RSA) in women soccer players considering aerobic capacity, sprinting performance, change-of-direction, vertical height jump, and hip adductor/abductor isometric strength. Twenty-two women soccer players from the same team participating in the first Portuguese league were observed. Fitness assessments were performed three times during a 22-week cohort period. The following assessments were made: (i) hip abductor and adductor strength, (ii) squat and countermovement jump (height), (iii) change-of-direction test, (iv) linear sprinting at 10- and 30-m, (v) RSA test, and (vi) Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1. Positive moderate correlations were found between peak minimum RSA and adductor and abductor strength (r = 0.51, p < 0.02 and r = 0.54, p < 0.01, respectively). Positive moderate correlations were also found between peak maximum RSA and adductor and abductor strength (r = 0.55, p < 0.02 and r = 0.46, p < 0.01, respectively). Lastly, a moderate negative correlation was found between fatigue index in RSA and YYIR1 test performance (r = -0.62, p < 0.004). In conclusion, abductor and adductor isometric strength-based coadjutant training programs, together with a high degree of aerobic endurance, may be suitable for inducing RSA in female soccer players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Gonçalves
- Faculty of Educational Sciences and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain;
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joel Ignacio Barrera
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.I.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.I.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas (Centro de Estudios Superiores Alberta Giménez), 07013 Palma, Spain;
| | - Markel Rico-González
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain;
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vescovi JD, Fernandes E, Klas A. Physical Demands of Women's Soccer Matches: A Perspective Across the Developmental Spectrum. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:634696. [PMID: 33937752 PMCID: PMC8085412 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.634696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Female soccer players are exposed to specific physical demands during matches, which vary according to the standard of play. Existing studies have largely focused on quantifying the distances covered for professional and international level players. This approach is limited in scope regarding the broader aspects around physical demands and is detached from development pathway models. An understanding of the demands across all standards will provide valuable insights about appropriate player development and help ensure physical readiness for the demands of the sport. The aim of this perspective paper is to describe the physical demands experienced during women's soccer matches across the developmental spectrum. A combination of evidence from the literature and data from the author's research (JDV) is presented. Specifically highlighted are the trends for locomotor distances, acceleration and deceleration frequency, and metabolic power metrics for youth (≤U17), college (NCAA/U20), professional (domestic) and international standards of women's soccer. In addition, the changes in match demands between levels of play are used to help illustrate gaps that must be overcome in order to successfully achieve physical readiness to compete at higher levels. The evidence demonstrates the importance of training appropriate attributes to prepare female soccer players who are striving to play at progressively higher standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Vescovi
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Graduate School of Exercise Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elton Fernandes
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Graduate School of Exercise Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Klas
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Graduate School of Exercise Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ryan GA, Snarr RL, Eisenman ML, Rossi SJ. Seasonal Training Load Quantification and Comparison in College Male Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:1038-1045. [PMID: 32304515 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ryan, GA, Snarr, RL, Eisenman, ML, and Rossi, SJ. Seasonal training load quantification and comparison in college male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Monitoring and quantification of training load (TL) throughout a competitive soccer season is important to ensure players are able to perform throughout the season. The intent of this study was to examine the positional demands and patterns of select measures of TL during a 14-week season in collegiate male soccer players. Heart rate (HR), running performance (SZ), and perceived recovery data were collected daily using a bioharness for each subject (n = 21). Data were grouped into 2- to 3-week training blocks (Pre1, Pre2, In1, In2, In3, and In4). Continuous variables were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of variance, with post hoc Least Squared Difference pairwise comparisons. Significant positional differences were observed across the season. During Pre1, center midfielders (CM) spent more time in %HRlow compared to center backs (CB) (p < 0.01), wide midfielders (p < 0.01), and center forwards (p = 0.04). Center midfielders spent greater time in SZlower than CB (p < 0.01) and wide backs (WB) (p = 0.01). Wide backs spent greater time in SZupper compared to other positions (all p < 0.01). During Pre2, WB spent more time in %HRhigh and SZupper compared to other positions (all p < 0.01). Positional differences were more varied throughout in-season comparisons, but generally, WB and CB demonstrated higher intensities in variables compared to other positions. Tracking variations in positional TLs across the season is important for coaching and training staffs to determine player readiness and plan future training sessions, while helping to mitigate overuse injuries during a long competitive season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Ryan
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Slater LV, Wasserman EB, Hart JM. Trends in Recurrent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Differ From New Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in College and High School Sports: 2009-2010 Through 2016-2017. Orthop J Sports Med 2019; 7:2325967119883867. [PMID: 31799331 PMCID: PMC6873278 DOI: 10.1177/2325967119883867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Knee injuries are common and result in extended time missed from sports participation. Little is known regarding the comparative characteristics of recurrent versus first-time anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries sustained during athletic events and how they are influenced by sex, sports participation level, and game-time features. Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics (sex, sports level, and game timing [ie, early vs late in the game]) of recurrent ACL injury in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and high school athletes compared with first-time ACL injury. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Athletic trainers reported ACL injury occurrences and characteristics for collegiate athletes during the 2009-2010 through 2016-2017 academic years and for high school athletes during the 2011-2012 through 2013-2014 academic years. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for recurrent versus first-time ACL injury. The number of ACL injuries, proportions, and ORs were calculated by sex, competition level, and time in game played. Results were also classified according to injury mechanism: noncontact, overuse, or surface contact. Results: A total of 705 ACL injuries were reported, including 644 first-time injures and 61 recurrent injuries. When restricting to noncontact ACL injuries, 416 were reported (373 first-time injuries and 43 recurrent injuries). The odds of a recurrent versus new ACL injury in NCAA student-athletes were 4.6 times that of high school student-athletes (95% CI, 1.41-15.24; P = .01). When restricting to noncontact ACL injuries, the odds of a recurrent versus new ACL injury during postseason and preseason were 4.5 and 2.8 times that during the regular season, respectively. Athletes in limited-contact and noncontact sports had greater odds of a recurrent versus new ACL injury compared with athletes playing football and other contact and collision sports. There was no significant difference in the odds of a recurrent ACL injury by sex or time in game. Conclusion: Based on the current study, the odds of recurrent ACL injuries are associated with the level of competition but not associated with sex or timing of game play. Determinants of reinjury after primary ACL reconstruction will help advance care for young injured athletes who continue to participate in competitive sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay V Slater
- Center for Bionic Medicine, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Erin B Wasserman
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Joseph M Hart
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Filetti C, Ruscello B, Ascenzi G, Di Mascio M, D'ottavio S. Physical performance metrics in elite soccer: do power and acceleration metrics provide insight into positional demands and match-related fatigue in the 4-3-3 system? J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:1640-1650. [PMID: 31219255 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09772-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to quantify power and acceleration metrics in elite soccer matches to gain an insight into positional demands and match-related fatigue patterns. METHODS Elite players (N.=212, observations =522) were analysed during 50 matches of the Italian Serie A using a semi-automatic tracking system (K-Sport, Montelabbate, Pesaro-Urbino, Italy - Stats, Leeds, UK) during the 2015/16 season. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to find the latent variables that better explain the huge amount of data collected; an ANOVA was performed to find differences among positional roles and a mixed factorial analysis of mixed data (FAMD) was carried out to investigate the patterns of fatigue over time. RESULTS Power and acceleration were defined as the latent variables out of the 19 investigated that provided most of the variance (90.39%); significant differences among roles were found (P<0.05; Effect Size (ES) as ω2>0.14) and significant patterns of fatigue (P<0.05) with a moderate to large ES were observed over time in some of the key performance indicators. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate that there are implications for developing power and acceleration in training sessions and assessing these components during a game. With the introduction of "live streaming" of GPS data, the movement patterns could be observed in real time, and interchanges could be made before the onset of fatigue and before evident reductions in performance might be observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristoforo Filetti
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Bruno Ruscello
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,School of Sport and Exercise, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ascenzi
- Department of Sports and Computing, Faculty of Sport Pablo de Olavide, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Stefano D'ottavio
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,FIGC - Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Coker NA, Wells AJ, Gepner Y. Effect of Heat Stress on Measures of Running Performance and Heart Rate Responses During a Competitive Season in Male Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 34:1141-1149. [PMID: 29373425 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Coker, NA, Wells, AJ, and Gepner, Y. The effect of heat stress on measures of running performance and heart rate responses during a competitive season in male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1141-1149, 2020-Measures of running performance and heart rate (HR) responses to match play during 3 different heat stress (HS) conditions were assessed in 7 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I male soccer players. Total distance and distance covered within distinct velocity zones (walking [WALK], jogging [JOG], low-speed running, high-speed running, sprinting [SPRINT], low-intensity running [LIR], and high-intensity running [HIR]) were assessed using global positioning system units for more than 12 matches. Heat stress was monitored during each match, and matches were defined as low (HSlow, n = 4), moderate (HSmod, n = 4), or high (HShigh, n = 4) HS. Minutes played were significantly different across HS conditions (p = 0.03). Therefore, distance covered within each movement velocity was assessed relative to minutes played and as a percentage of total playing time. WALKrel was significantly greater during HShigh compared with HSlow (p = 0.035). LIRrel was significantly greater during HSmod (p = 0.015) compared with HSlow. A trend was observed for %WALK being higher during HShigh compared with HSlow (p = 0.066). %LIR was significantly greater during HShigh compared with HSlow (p = 0.048). High-intensity running was not significantly different across HS conditions. Percent of time spent >85% HRmax was significantly greater during HShigh (p = 0.002) and HSmod (p < 0.001) compared to HSlow. Percent of time spent between 65-84% HRmax was significantly greater during HSlow compared to HShigh (p < 0.001). Results indicate that HS resulted in increased LIR and %HR≥85, while HIR was maintained. High-intensity running performance may be conserved through decreased playing time or the adoption of pacing strategies. This may assist coaches in altering player management strategies to optimize team performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Coker
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, Department of Educational and Human Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Coker NA, Wells AJ, Ake KM, Griffin DL, Rossi SJ, McMillan JL. Relationship Between Running Performance and Recovery-Stress State in Collegiate Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:2131-2140. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|