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Sánchez-Abselam O, González-Fernández FT, Figueiredo A, Castillo-Rodríguez A, Onetti-Onetti W. Effect of the role, playing position and the body characteristics on physical performance in female soccer players. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29240. [PMID: 38623189 PMCID: PMC11016714 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to know the physical demands according to the playing position and team role, and to assess the effect of the body characteristics on the physical performance of semi-professional female soccer players. Forty-five female semi-professional soccer players during 9 home-matches of the 2021-2022 season were analyzed and GPS devices (GPEXE ®) were used. ANCOVA tests were performed with playing time as covariate. The results showed greater physical demands in forwards and wide-midfielders and offensive role players. Total distance, metabolic power, accelerations, deaccelerations, and distance covered to medium and high speed obtained a strong effect size in these analyses according to the playing position. Furthermore, relationships between body weight and physical performance were found (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the main finding of this study showed that semi-professional female soccer players compete differently, caused by differentiated functions, evidenced in the playing positions and role in the team. Offensive role, forwards and wide-midfielder female players performed the highest physical demands in the competition. This study has shown relevant information for coaches, S&C coaches, and training staff of the semi-professional female soccer teams in order to propose new keys and ways of planning training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Figueiredo
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Didáctica de las Lenguas, Artes y Deportes, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía-Tech, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
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Selmi MA, Ceylan HI, Hammami R, Sassi RH, González-Fernández FT, Morgans R, Bragazzi NL. Repeated-sprint sets test: a new method for evaluating and forecasting fitness in elite young male soccer players. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8542. [PMID: 38609417 PMCID: PMC11014943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to explore the correlation between repeated sprint sets (RSS) ability and several physical attributes, including maximum sprint speed, maximal aerobic speed, maximal anaerobic speed, aerobic capacity, and explosive strength. Moreover, the aim was to assess the suitability of RSS as a comprehensive evaluation tool for physical qualities and to determine which physical field tests most accurately predict RSS in elite young male soccer players. A total of thirty-two young elite male soccer players (mean age 14.6 ± 0.3 years; predicted years from peak height velocity (PHV): - 0.4 ± 0.3; years in training: 3.7 ± 0.5) voluntarily participated in the study. The players participated in eight consecutive specific physical tests, with a minimum 72-h recovery between each session to minimize the impact of fatigue during the second trial. The participants completed the tests in the following order: RSS test, Vam-Eval test, a constant velocity test performed until exhaustion at 100% of vVO2max (tlim100), 20-m Multi-Stage Shuttle Run test (VMSRT), Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1), Maximal Anaerobic Shuttle Running Test (VMASRT), Maximal Sprinting Speed Test (20-m flying sprint), Countermovement Jump (CMJ), and Standing Long Jump test (SLJ). The results of the study showed that there were very large negative correlations between tlim100 and SST (sum of sprint times), and large negative correlations between Yo-Yo IR1, Vam-Eval, and SST during RSS in young elite male soccer players (p < 0.05). Additionally, VMASRT and SLJ demonstrated a moderate negative correlation with SST (p < 0.05). In contrast, significant positive correlations were found between 20-m flying sprint and the SST (p < 0.05). According to the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, the primary predictors of SST, ranked by importance, were tlim100 and Yo-Yo IR1. These two predictors collectively accounted for 72% of the variance in players' SST (p < 0.0001). Due to the importance of aerobic capacity and short repeated accelerations/sprint sets for overall competitive performance in soccer, in conclusion, our results suggest that elite young male soccer players should perform both high intensity interval training and aeorobic capactity exercises as part of soccer training if the primary outcome is to improve repeated sprint ability performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amin Selmi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Halil Ibrahim Ceylan
- Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Kazim Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Raouf Hammami
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Radhouane Haj Sassi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Ryland Morgans
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Canada.
- Human Nutrition Unit (HNU), Department of Food and Drugs, Medical School, University of Parma, Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
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González-Fernández FT, Silva AF, Castillo Rodriguez A, Onetti-Onetti W, Clemente FM. Effects of 8 weeks pre-season training on physical fitness, heart rate variability and cognition in women soccer players. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24955. [PMID: 38312538 PMCID: PMC10835283 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the variations (pre-post) of (i) Anthropometric measures: weight, body mass index, lean and muscle mass, (ii) Physical fitness: countermovement jump (CMJ) and VO2max, (iii) heart rate variability (HRV) (recumbent and sitting): mean RR, RMSSD, NN50 and NN50 %, (iv) Psychomotor Vigilance Task, and v) SART: ACC Go, ACC NoGo and reaction times in semi-professional women soccer players from the second division of the Spanish League. The analysis indicated that lean mass improved after the observation period (p = .05, d = -0.38), while no other significant changes in anthropometric measures were observed. Additionally, CMJ and aerobic power were also improved (p<.01, d>0.50). The RMSSD [recumbent (d = -0.73) and sitting (d = -0.52)] and NN50 [recumbent (d = -0.69) and sitting (d = -0.70)] increased after the period of observation (p < .05). Reaction time also significantly improved after the period of observation [PVT (d = 0.42) and SART (d = -0.89)]. Correlations performed between measures revealed that smaller body mass and body mass index were largely associated with greater NN50 (r < 0.83, p = .001). Additionally, greater CMJ and aerobic fitness were associated with greater HRV [recumbent (r = -51, p = .001) and sitting (r = -0.60, p = .01). The main findings of this study were that there was no relationship between cognitive performance and physical fitness, but HRV was related to body composition and physical fitness during the pre-season in women soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Alfonso Castillo Rodriguez
- Departamento de Didáctica de las Lenguas, Artes y Deportes, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía-Tech, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland
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Ogallar-Blanco AI, García-Mármol E, Clemente FM, Badicu G, Liñán-González A, González-Fernández FT. Differences between U23 and older semi-professional soccer players in perfectionism and passion: exploring determinant relationship between variables. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1230035. [PMID: 38298364 PMCID: PMC10828847 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1230035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Abundant studies have pointed out that perfectionism and passion are interrelated and that they both can influence performance in a variety of contexts, including sports, however, research on how these variables interact and might affect performance in team sports, such as soccer, is still scarce. The aim of this study is to analyze differences in perfectionism and passion between under-23 years-old (U23) and older semi-professional soccer players, as well as to study the possible relationship between these two psychological variables. Methods Participants (N = 130 healthy semi-professional Spanish soccer players) were divided into two equivalent groups according to the participants age, U23 (N = 65; 21.58 ± 1.91 years) and older than 24 years (N = 65; 30.03 ± 3.72 years) and completed self-reports on perfectionism and passion. Results Independent samples t-test determined significant differences between the U23 Group and the >24 Group in perfectionism global score and concern over mistakes (maladaptive perfectionism), and in time, value, and passion. Multiple regression analyses revealed that obsessive passion predicted maladaptive subdimensions of perfectionism, while harmonious passion predicted adaptive perfectionism. Discussion U23 soccer players show higher levels of maladaptive perfectionism, time, value, and passion in relation with soccer than older players, probably because at this stage pressure to become professionals and to develop their technical, tactical, and physical skills is higher than in later stages. Conclusion Identifying differences between different age groups can help professionals in tailoring their interventions and strategies to address the specific needs of athletes at different stages of development more effectively, and to optimize mental focus, reduce stress, to promote a healthy mindset for optimal performance in soccer players, furthermore, the study of moderating effects of factors such as team dynamics or coaching styles on these constructs is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaida Irene Ogallar-Blanco
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Mármol
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, Portugal
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Antonio Liñán-González
- Head of Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Martínez-Aranda LM, Sanz-Matesanz M, García-Mantilla ED, González-Fernández FT. Effects of Self-Myofascial Release on Athletes' Physical Performance: A Systematic Review. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:20. [PMID: 38249097 PMCID: PMC10801590 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapists and strength and conditioning specialists use self-myofascial release (SMR) as an intervention tool through foam rollers or massage rollers for soft tissue massage, with the purpose of improving mobility in the muscular fascia. Moreover, the use of SMR by professional and amateur athletes during warm-ups, cool downs, and workouts can have significant effects on their physical performance attributes, such as range of motion (ROM) and strength. The purpose of this study was to analyse the literature pertaining to these types of interventions and their effects found in different physical performance attributes for athletes. A systematic search was carried out using the following databases: PUBMED, ISI Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane, including articles up to September 2023. A total of 25 articles with 517 athletes were studied in depth. SMR seems to have acute positive effects on flexibility and range of motion, without affecting muscle performance during maximal strength and power actions, but favouring recovery perception and decreasing delayed-onset muscle soreness. Some positive effects on agility and very short-range high-speed actions were identified, as well. In conclusion, although there is little evidence of its method of application due to the heterogeneity in that regard, according to our findings, SMR could be used as an intervention to improve athletes' perceptual recovery parameters, in addition to flexibility and range of motion, without negatively affecting muscle performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda
- Physical and Sports Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain
- SEJ-680: Science-Based Training (SBT) Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Sanz-Matesanz
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (E.D.G.-M.)
| | | | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, 52006 Melilla, Spain;
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González-Fernández FT, Castillo-Rodriguez A, González-Víllora S, Hortigüela-Alcalá D. The Influence of a Warm-Up on Vigilance in University Students. Motor Control 2024; 28:78-90. [PMID: 37931618 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2023-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the effects of conducting a warm-up (WC) or not (WWC) on students of the Science Degree in Physical Activity and Sport before starting a practical class. Thirty-two students of the Science Degree in Physical Activity and Sport (age: 22.38 ± 1.81 years; height: 176.09 ± 8.52 cm; weight: 22.38 ± 1.81 kg; body fat: 25.17 ± 3.20%) participated in a counterbalanced cross-sectional study in which three conditions were tested: (a) basal lineal, (b) WC, and (c) WWC. Participants recorded longer times (worse performance) in the Illinois dribbling test (basal lineal condition [20.17 ± 1.35], WWC [20.13 ± 1.37], and WC [19.32 ± 1.35]) and the Psychomotor Vigilance Task test (basal lineal condition [397.88 ± 75.98 ms]; WWC [412.19 ± 91.39 ms], and WC [368.53 ± 68.65 ms]). The warm-up prior to physical activity classes had positive effects on vigilance linked to executive functioning, and physical performance. In this sense, more research on different types of warm-up may be in order to contrast them with each other, as well as to carry out attention measurements according to the content to be imparted after the warm-ups. The present study represents a big opportunity for all physical education teachers due to warm-up is a crucial aspect that occurs in all practical sessions, also linked to the attention processes and motivational factors of the students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sixto González-Víllora
- Department of Physical Education, Arts and Music, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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Siquier-Coll J, Delgado-García G, Soto-Méndez F, Liñán-González A, García R, González-Fernández FT. The Effect of Caffeine Supplementation on Female Volleyball Players' Performance and Wellness during a Regular Training Week. Nutrients 2023; 16:29. [PMID: 38201859 PMCID: PMC10780397 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND caffeine is an ergogenic aid that still needs to be investigated in women's sports performance. METHODS Eight semi-professional women's volleyball players (height = 1.63 ± 0.08 m; weight = 66.67 ± 4.74 kg) voluntarily participated in this study. A randomized crossover design was implemented where players underwent caffeine and placebo conditions. In the caffeine condition, participants consumed 5 mg/kg of caffeine based on their body weight before acute training. The evaluations were performed over two weeks of training. In both conditions, the countermovement jump, repeated jumps for 15 s, and handgrip tests were performed. The change of direction was assessed using the 505 test. Well-being was also assessed with a wellness questionnaire. A repeated measures ANOVA and correlation analysis were performed. RESULTS The repeated measures ANOVA revealed a main effect of supplementation (F (1.7) = 8.41, p = 0.02, η2 = 0.54) across the training week on physical performance. Additionally, there was a positive effect on perceived fatigue (F (1.7) = 7.29, p = 0.03, η2 = 0.51). CONCLUSIONS Caffeine improved performance and fatigue parameters over one week of training. Further research is needed on women, focusing on physical performance and wellbeing, especially during intense periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Siquier-Coll
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Dos Hermanas, Spain
| | - Gabriel Delgado-García
- SER Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Center of Higher Education Alberta Giménez, Affiliated to Pontifical University of Comillas, 07013 Palma, Spain; (G.D.-G.); (F.S.-M.)
| | - Fulgencio Soto-Méndez
- SER Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Center of Higher Education Alberta Giménez, Affiliated to Pontifical University of Comillas, 07013 Palma, Spain; (G.D.-G.); (F.S.-M.)
| | - Antonio Liñán-González
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla Campus, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain
| | - Raquel García
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
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Martín-Moya R, Rodríguez-García L, Moreno-Vecino B, Clemente FM, Liñán González A, González-Fernández FT. Differences and relationship in functional movement screen (FMS™) scores and physical fitness in males and female semi-professional soccer players. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16649. [PMID: 38107559 PMCID: PMC10725178 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Soccer is the world's most popular sport for both men and women. Tests of athletic and functional performance are commonly used to assess physical ability and set performance goals. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) is a widely used seven-test battery developed by practitioners to provide interpretable measure of movement quality. The main objective of the present study was twofold, to analyze the relationship between FMS™ results from male and female soccer players and to compare their physical performance in different tests. Methods A total of twenty-eight semi-professional soccer players: fourteen male (age: 21.29 ± 1.64 years; weight: 70.66 ± 5.29 kg; height: 171.86 ± 5.35 cm; BMI: 20.90 ± 2.22 kg/m2) and fourteen females (age: 20.64 ± 1.98 years; weight: 63.44 ± 5.83 kg; height: 166.21 ± 12.18 cm; BMI: 23.02 ± 2.50 kg/m2) were recruited for this study. A paired sample t-test was used for determining differences as a repeated measures analysis. All the participants conducted the following tests: The Functional Movement Test (FMS™), 10-m linear sprint, 5-0-5 COD Test and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test-Level 1 (YYIRT Level 1). Results A t-test with data from 505 COD (change of direction) test showed significant differences between groups, p = 0.001, d = 1.11, revealing faster times in male soccer players (2.50 ± 0.19) in respect with female soccer players (2.70 ± 0.17). Crucially, a t-test with data from FMS did not reveal significant differences between groups. Multiple regression for V02max revealed significant effects (r = 0.55, r2 = 0.30, adjusted r2 = 0.24, F = 5.21, p = 0.04 and standard error = 2.20). On the other hand, multiple regression for 10-m sprint showed significant effects (r = 0.58, r2 = 0.33, adjusted r2 = 0.28, F = 5.98, p = 0.03). The impact of these factors on the correlation between FMS™ scores and physical performance measures can vary among individuals. Discussion/Conclusion This study demonstrates the necessity of utilizing and applying multiple field-based tests to evaluate the movement and capabilities of physical performance in sports. Crucially, consider individual variations and factors such as training background, fitness level, and sport-specific demands when interpreting the relationship between the FMS™ and physical performance in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Martín-Moya
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lorena Rodríguez-García
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas, Palma, Spain
| | - Beatriz Moreno-Vecino
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas, Palma, Spain
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Lisboa, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology, Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Antonio Liñán González
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla Campus, University of Granada, Melilla, Spain
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Badicu G, Zamani Sani SH, Fathirezaie Z, Esmaeili M, Bassan JC, González-Fernández FT, Yagin FH, Alghannam AF, Cataldi S, Fischetti F, Greco G. Does body mass index distinguish motor proficiency, social and emotional maturity among adolescent girls? BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:618. [PMID: 38053077 PMCID: PMC10698883 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate whether different body mass index (BMI) groups could serve as a distinguishing factor for assessing motor proficiency and social and emotional maturity in adolescent girls. METHODS 140 girls ranging from 12 to 14.5 years old were selected from the schools of Tabriz city, Iran. After their height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index, they completed the following questionnaires: Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of motor proficiency, Second Edition,Vineland Social Maturity Scale, and Emotional Maturity scale. RESULTS normal-weight girls had a meaningful advantage against overweight and underweight participants in the gross motor factor of motor proficiency (p = 0.004), but there wasn't a meaningful difference in the fine motor p = 0.196) and coordination factors (p = 0.417). Also, social maturity showed an advantage of normal and underweight adolescent girls in the self-help dressing factor (p = 0.018), while the locomotion skills (p = 0.010) factor revealed a better performance of normal weight and overweight groups over underweight adolescents. No significant differences were observed in the emotional maturity subscales (p = 0.63) between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that BMI has a direct influence on adolescents' gross motor proficiency and social maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, Braşov, 500068, Romania
| | - Seyed Hojjat Zamani Sani
- Motor Behavior Department, Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666, Iran.
| | - Zahra Fathirezaie
- Motor Behavior Department, Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666, Iran
| | - Mohaddese Esmaeili
- Motor Behavior Department, Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666, Iran
| | - Júlio Cesar Bassan
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, Melilla, 52006, Spain
| | - Fatma Hilal Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah F Alghannam
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefania Cataldi
- Department of Transitional Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Francesco Fischetti
- Department of Transitional Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Greco
- Department of Transitional Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, Bari, 70124, Italy
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Castillo-Rodríguez A, Caparrós JLR, Figueiredo A, González-Fernández FT, Onetti-Onetti W. Cause-Effect: The Relationship between Role and Experience with Psychological and Physical Responses in the Competition Context in Soccer Referees. J Hum Kinet 2023; 89:289-300. [PMID: 38053965 PMCID: PMC10694706 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/169174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of psychological responses (impulsivity, self-esteem, self-confidence, and anxiety) in baseline and pre-competitive contexts of national soccer referees (SRs), their control of the game (yellow and red cards), and physical performance (PP) according to the role (assistant or main referee), and experience in the category. Twenty-seven national SRs from Spain participated in this study. Baseline and pre-competitive psychological data were collected through the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2 test), Urgency, Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency, Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P test), and Rosenberg tests. Furthermore, WIMU PRO™ inertial devices were used to monitor PP. The results indicated that a lack of perseverance and self-esteem were higher in the main SRs and somatic anxiety in assistant SRs. Experience of SRs was related to anxiety, self-confidence, self-esteem, impulsivity dimensions, and PP metrics (p < 0.05). Finally, red cards were related to positive and negative urgency (r = 0.38 and r = 0.35, p < 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, the main SRs and SRs with more experience had better psychological characteristics and PP in a competitive context. However, yellow and red cards were not associated with these factors, although red cards were related with urgency. Based on these data, specific training programs could be incorporated to enhance emotional control in SRs with less experience to achieve greater performance and professional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Figueiredo
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Martín-Moya R, Silva AF, Clemente FM, González-Fernández FT. Effects of combined plyometric, strength and running technique training program on change-of-direction and countermovement jump: A two-armed parallel study design on young soccer players. Gait Posture 2023; 105:27-34. [PMID: 37454438 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Players must be capable to have a good change-of-direction (COD) skill aiming to be the fastest as possible to react immediately to the opponent or even to help players to be more agile since COD is a physical determinant of agility. Thus, the aim of this study was to test the effects of a six-week combined training intervention in the COD and countermovement jump (CMJ) of young soccer players, while comparing with a control group only performing the regular field-based training sessions. METHODS A sample of 80 non-professional players (40 experimental group and 40 control group) between the ages of ten and twelve was taken [(Age: 10.70 ± 1.02)]. The tests that were carried out from the beginning to the end of the intervention were: CMJ test, 505COD Test and Illinois Test. Paired sample t-test was used for determining differences as a repeated measures analysis (pre- post). An ANCOVA test was performed using the pretest as a covariate and the times pre and post as factors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Repeated measures ANCOVA revealed significant influence of baseline level on the 5-0-5 COD (p = 0.001; ηp2=0.170), the Illinois (p = 0.018; ηp2=0.070) and the CMJ (p = 0.047; ηp2=0.050). Significant interactions group*time (p < 0.001; ηp2=0.137), 5-0-5 COD (p < 0.001; ηp2=0.274), and CMJ (p < 0.001; ηp2=0.392) were found, while no significant interactions were found in Illinois (p = 0.293; ηp2=0.014). The current research revealed that a combined training intervention consisting of strength training, plyometrics, and running techniques can be significantly beneficial for improving COD performance and CMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Martín-Moya
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, Melilla Campus, University of Granada, 52006 Melilla, Spain.
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal; Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, Melilla Campus, University of Granada, 52006 Melilla, Spain
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Castillo-Rodríguez A, Alejo-Moya EJ, Figueiredo A, Onetti-Onetti W, González-Fernández FT. Influence of physical fitness on decision-making of soccer referees throughout the match. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19702. [PMID: 37809542 PMCID: PMC10558927 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between physical fitness and physical performance in competition and the decision-making (successes and errors). A sample of 22 male national-level soccer referees (weight: 72.7 kg; height: 178.0 cm; age: 23.4 years) participated in this study. Physical fitness was assessed through 6 series of 40 m (velocity) and Yo-yo (aerobic) test in annual exam by Soccer Committee, physical performance was performed through the total distance covered in competition (Experiment 1), and decision-making was registered through a simulated Video Assistant Referee system (VAR) with the consensus of 2 national referees evaluating only warnings (yellow cards), expulsions (red cards), established penalties and obvious goal actions (called and no called) (Experiments 2 and 3). Results showed that physical fitness test was related with total distance (rho = 0.63, p < .01) and success rate percentage (rho = 0.74, p < .05) registered during competition. The success rate percentage, in the first half, was observed 44% successes, and in the second half, 59% successes. The number of events called was related with the physical fitness test score (R2 = 0.71, p = .035; R2 = 0.64, p = .056, respectively). As conclusion, the main finding of this study has provided insight into decision-making behavior in real competitive matches and the physical fitness was the predictor of the successful decision-making being able to determine the permanency, promotion or decrease of category.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilio José Alejo-Moya
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences. University of Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Figueiredo
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Erkudov VO, Rozumbetov KU, González-Fernández FT, Pugovkin AP, Nazhimov II, Matchanov AT, Ceylan Hİ. The Effect of Environmental Disasters on Endocrine Status, Hematology Parameters, Body Composition, and Physical Performance in Young Soccer Players: A Case Study of the Aral Sea Region. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1503. [PMID: 37511878 PMCID: PMC10381241 DOI: 10.3390/life13071503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aral Sea region (Uzbekistan) is infamous because of the ecological disaster characterized by the disappearance of the Aral Sea due to excessive uncontrolled water intake for agriculture needs. A new desert occurrence, soil and climate aridization led to pesticide and toxic metals environment pollution. The impact of environmental conditions in some areas of Uzbekistan on the health of soccer players is not as noticeable as, for example, the effectiveness of training, so it is not widely discussed in scientific papers. The aim of the present study was to study the features of endocrine status, hematology parameters (e.g., red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb)), and their influence on body composition and physical fitness performance in local young soccer players of the Aral Sea region as the territory of ecological disaster. The study involved 60 male soccer players aged from 18 to 22 years. Participants were divided into two groups: the experimental group (EG), which consisted of 30 soccer players living on the territory of the Aral ecological disaster region, and the control group (CG), which included 30 soccer players, natives of the ecologically favorable region of Uzbekistan. All volunteers had anthropometric measurements, concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), cortisol (C), RBC, and Hb count. Moreover, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRT1) and professional skills tests such as dribbling shuttle test (DSt) and goal accuracy test (GAt) were assessed. When comparing the CG group to the EG group, it was observed that the EG group exhibited statistically significantly reduced levels of TT and E2 (p < 0.05). No significant statistical difference was observed between the two groups in terms of IGF-1 and C (p > 0.05). Regarding hematological parameters, Hb, Ht, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were found to be significantly lower in the EG compared with the CG (p < 0.05). Moreover, the distance covered in the YYIR1 test was found to be significantly lower in soccer players within the EG compared with the CG (p < 0.05). Additionally, it was determined that there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of DSt and GAt values (p > 0.05). Lastly, significant differences were observed between the EG and CG in terms of anthropometric characteristics (diameters, skinfold, and somatotype profile) (p < 0.05). The present study showed that the changes in evaluated characteristics might result from the complex influence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, the content of which is high in the environment of the Aral Sea region. The results obtained may help monitor the health of athletes living in an environmentally unfriendly environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerii O Erkudov
- Department of Normal Physiology, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kenjabek U Rozumbetov
- Department of General Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Karakalpak State University, Nukus 230100, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Andrey P Pugovkin
- Department of Biotechnical Systems, Faculty of Information Measurement and Biotechnical Systems, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University «LETI», 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilal I Nazhimov
- Department of General Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Karakalpak State University, Nukus 230100, Uzbekistan
| | - Azat T Matchanov
- Department of General Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Karakalpak State University, Nukus 230100, Uzbekistan
| | - Halil İbrahim Ceylan
- Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Kazim Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
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González-Fernández FT, Delgado-García G, Coll JS, Silva AF, Nobari H, Clemente FM. Relationship between cognitive functioning and physical fitness in regard to age and sex. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:204. [PMID: 37120530 PMCID: PMC10148392 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships among physical cognitive ability, academic performance, and physical fitness regarding age and sex in a group of 187 students (53.48% male, 46.52% female) from one town of Norwest of Jaén, Andalusia (Spain), aged between 9 and 15 years old (M = 11.97, SD = 1.99). The D2 attention test was used in order to analyze selective attention and concentration. Physical fitness, reflected on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), was evaluated using the 6 min Walking Test (6MWT). The analysis taken indicated a significant relationship between physical fitness level, attention, and concentration, as in the general sample looking at sex (finding differences between boys and girls in some DA score in almost all age categories [p < 0.05]) and at age category (finding some differences between the younger age category groups and the older age category groups in some DA scores (p < 0.05), not finding any significant interaction between sex and age category (p > 0.05). In sum, the present study revealed that students with better aerobic fitness can present better-processed elements and smaller omission errors. Moreover, girls and older students seem to present better cognitive functioning scores than boys and younger. Our findings suggest that more research is necessary to elucidate the cognitive function between ages, sexes, and physical fitness and anthropometry levels of students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Delgado-García
- SER Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Center of Higher Education Alberta Giménez (Affiliated to Pontifical, University of Comillas), Palma, 07013, Spain
| | - Jesús Siquier Coll
- SER Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Center of Higher Education Alberta Giménez (Affiliated to Pontifical, University of Comillas), Palma, 07013, Spain
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, 5001-801, Portugal
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, 4900-347, Portugal
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, 56199-11367, Ardabil, Iran.
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, 4900-347, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal
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15
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Martínez-Aranda LM, Sanz-Matesanz M, Orozco-Durán G, González-Fernández FT, Rodríguez-García L, Guadalupe-Grau A. Effects of Different Rapid Weight Loss Strategies and Percentages on Performance-Related Parameters in Combat Sports: An Updated Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5158. [PMID: 36982067 PMCID: PMC10048848 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Most combat sports (CS) are structured in weight categories, and it is very common to carry out body weight adjustment strategies in order to compete in lower weight categories. For this reason, different rapid weight loss (RWL) strategies are usually performed to pass the pre-competition weigh-in test, and then a replenishment of fluids and carbohydrate-rich foods is conducted in an attempt to recover the weight and avoid a performance loss. In this context, no clear references have been found on whether these types of strategies have negative effects, impairing the athlete's combat and/or physical performance. For this reason, the aim of this study was to review the scientific literature on the effect of rapid weight reduction strategies on the performance of CS athletes. A literature search was performed through four different databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect). Four inclusion criteria were established as follows: (1) the subjects had to be competitors in the CS and carry out RWL strategies; (2) at least two measurement points, that is, normal conditions and dehydration condition; (3) measurements in a real competition or simulating the same conditions; (4) original research articles written in English or Spanish and available in full text. Finally, a total of 16 articles were finally included in this research. All subjects (n = 184) were athletes from combat disciplines, with a minimum of 3-4 years of practice, as well as with certain experience in RWL. Six of the studies reported that an RWL strategy of around 5% of body weight loss did not affect performance parameters. However, the other ten studies with RWL between 3 and 6% or even higher reported negative effects or impairments on different parameters related to performance and/or athlete's psychophysiology, such as perceived fatigue, mood states, strength and power production, as well as changes in hormonal, blood and urine parameters, body composition, or the kinematics of the technical gesture. Although there is still no clear answer to the issue approached in this research, in general terms, it seems that in order to guarantee an acceptable athletic performance of the competitor, the weight loss should not exceed 3% to ≤5% of body weight together with ≥24 h for adequate (or at least partial) recovery and rehydration processes. In addition, it is highly recommended to lose weight progressively over several weeks, especially focusing on competitions lasting several days, as well as multiple rounds or qualifying stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda
- Physical Performance & Athletic Research Center, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
- MALab (Movement Analysis Laboratory for Sport and Health), Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Lorena Rodríguez-García
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas, CESAG, 07013 Palma, Spain
| | - Amelia Guadalupe-Grau
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, 45002 Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, 28220 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Silva RM, Clemente FM, González-Fernández FT, Nobari H, Oliveira R, Silva AF, Cancela-Carral JM. Relationships between Internal Training Intensity and Well-Being Changes in Youth Football Players. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101814. [PMID: 36292261 PMCID: PMC9601937 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) to analyze the variations of training intensity and well-being measures of youth football player over a 38 week period; and (ii) to test the relationships between training intensity and well-being variations throughout a youth football season. This study followed a longitudinal design, lasting 38 weeks. Twenty-five players (age: 15.0 ± 0.4 years) participated in this study. Participants were monitored daily to quantify the training intensity (TI) using the session-rate of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and its related indices: training monotony (TM), weekly training intensity (wTI), mean training intensity (mTI), and 5-day average (5d-AVG). A four-item questionnaire was collected daily to quantify the well-being status of each player. Fatigue, stress, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), sleep quality, and the Hooper Index (HI) measures were analyzed. Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed significant differences for TM, mTI, wTI and 5d-AVG (H = 359.53, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.35; H = 414.97, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.41, H = 258.42, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.24 and H = 282.18, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.26). A positive large correlation was found between TM and sleep quality (r = 0.65, p = 0.05) and a negative large correlation between mTI and sleep quality (r = −0.69, p = 0.04). In conclusion, both TI and well-being measures present significant between-week differences at different periods of the season. Also, the variations of sleep quality seem to depend on TM and mTI variations across a youth football season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Miguel Silva
- Faculty of Educational Sciences and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology-SPRINT, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology-SPRINT, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus Melilla, University of Granada, 52006 Melilla, Spain
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
- Sepahan Football Club, 81887-78473 Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Motor Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068 Braşov, Romania
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology-SPRINT, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Silva AF, González-Fernández FT, Aquino R, Akyildiz Z, Vieira LP, Yıldız M, Birlik S, Nobari H, Praça G, Clemente FM. Analyzing the within and between Players Variability of Heart Rate and Locomotor Responses in Small-Sided Soccer Games Performed Repeatedly over a Week. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081412. [PMID: 36011069 PMCID: PMC9408770 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Small-sided games (SSGs) are drill-based and constrained exercises designed to promote a technical/tactical and physiological/physical stimulus on players while preserving some dynamics of the real game. However, as a dynamic game, they can offer some variability making the prediction of the stimulus hardest for the coach. Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the between-session and within-player variability of heart rates and locomotor responses of young male soccer players in 3v3 and 5v5 small-sided game formats. Methods: This study followed a repeated-measures study design. Twenty soccer players were enrolled in a study design in which the SSG formats 3v3 and 5v5 were performed consecutively across four days. Twenty under-17 male youth soccer players (16.8 ± 0.4 years old) voluntarily participated in this study. Participants were monitored using a Polar Team Pro for measuring the heart rate mean and maximum, distances covered at different speed thresholds, and peak speed. Results: Between-players variability revealed that maximum heart rate was the outcome with a smaller coefficient of variation (3v3 format: 3.1% to 11.1%; 5v5 format: 6.6% to 15.2%), while the distance covered at Z5 (3v3 format: 82.5% to 289.8%; 5v5 format: 94.0% to 221.1%). The repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the four games tested were different in the within-player variability considering the maximum heart rate (p = 0.032), total distance (p < 0.001), and distances at zone 1, 2, and 5 of speed (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The smaller small-sided game tested promotes greater within-player variability in locomotor demands while promoting smaller within-player variability heart rate responses. Possibly, 5v5 is more recommended to stabilize the locomotor demands, while the 3v3 is recommended to stabilize the heart rate stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal
- The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, 52006 Melilla, Spain;
| | - Rodrigo Aquino
- LabSport, Department of Sports, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil;
| | - Zeki Akyildiz
- Sports Science Department, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey;
| | - Luiz Palucci Vieira
- MOVI-LAB Human Movement Research Laboratory, School of Sciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Department, UNESP São Paulo State University, Av. Eng. Luís Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 2085-Nucleo Res. Pres. Geisel, Bauru 17033-360, Brazil;
| | - Mehmet Yıldız
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03204, Turkey; (M.Y.); (S.B.)
| | - Sabri Birlik
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03204, Turkey; (M.Y.); (S.B.)
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619911367, Iran;
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Department of Motor Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068 Braşov, Romania
| | - Gibson Praça
- Sports Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Falces-Prieto M, González-Fernández FT, García-Delgado G, Silva R, Nobari H, Clemente FM. Relationship between sprint, jump, dynamic balance with the change of direction on young soccer players' performance. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12272. [PMID: 35851296 PMCID: PMC9293905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present paper was to determine the relationship between linear sprinting and jump performance, dynamic balance and change of direction on young soccer players. Ninety-four healthy young highly trained male soccer players belonging to the same high-performance academy agreed to participate in the study [twenty-seven soccer players U16 (14.8 ± 0.4 years; height: 170.6 ± 5.6 cm; body mass 64.7 ± 8.4 kg)] and [sixty-seven soccer players U19 (16.6 ± 1.3 years; height: 173.7 ± 7.2 cm; body mass 66.7 ± 8.0 kg)]. Participants completed 3 testing sessions, 7 days apart. Data from a CMJ, Crossover Hop Test, 10-m sprint test, 505 COD tests and the 90° COD test were collected. Moderate correlations were found in some of the cases (r values were between 0.2 and 0.5 in all cases, being p < 0.05), indicating that linear sprinting, jumping performance and dynamic balance are influential factors in agility but are not the main limiting factor. The highest correlation was found between the cross-over hop test and the 505 COD test (r = 0.44; p < 0.001). The main evidence from the current study suggested that linear sprinting, jumping performance and dynamics balance are determinants of COD, namely explaining the variations in such a skill. The current study revealed that short-distance sprint and jumping performance significantly explain the variations of COD performance on young soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Falces-Prieto
- Research Center High Performance Soccer, Marcet Academy, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,SER Research Group, Pontifical University of Comillas, CESAG, 07013, Palma, Spain
| | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- SER Research Group, Pontifical University of Comillas, CESAG, 07013, Palma, Spain.,Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas, CESAG, 07013, Palma, Spain
| | - Gabriel García-Delgado
- SER Research Group, Pontifical University of Comillas, CESAG, 07013, Palma, Spain.,Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas, CESAG, 07013, Palma, Spain
| | - Rui Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto E Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial E Comercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320, Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain. .,Department of Motor Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068, Braşov, Romania. .,Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran. .,Sepahan Football Club, Isfahan, Iran.
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González-Fernández FT, García-Taibo O, Vila M, Nobari H, Clemente FM. Evolution of determinant factors of maximal sprinting and repeated sprint ability in women soccer players. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10633. [PMID: 35739139 PMCID: PMC9226019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the influence of force-power-velocity, vertical and horizontal jumps, and repeated sprint ability on the sprinting performance of adult women soccer players. Eighteen women soccer players from one team participating in the first female national Spanish soccer league were analyzed. Fitness assessments were performed twice in a period of three months. The following assessments were made to reach the aim of the study: (1) anthropometric measures, (2) CMJ (0%, 20% and 40%), (3) hop test (dominant and nondominant leg), (4) linear sprinting at 30 m and (5) RSA test. The main evidence of this study revealed the meaningful contribution of lower-limb power (vertical and horizontal jump), maximal sprint and peak power on sprinting time performance, while stride frequency was meaningfully explained by vertical jump and maximal sprinting. In fact, positive moderate and large correlations were found between Time and CMJ, CMJ 20%, CMJ 40%, Hop Test Dominant and Non-dominant, and Pmax and MS of Force-Power-Velocity (r = - 0.73, p = 0.001; r = - 0.68, p = 0.002; r = - 0.51, p = 0.03; r = - 0.64, p = 0.004; r = - 0.57, p = 0.013; r = - 0.78, p = 0.001, and r = - 0.83, p = 0.001, respectively). In sum, peak power, maximal speed, and lower-limb power (in vertical and horizontal jumps) were significant determinants of sprinting performance (time), while vertical jump was the determinant of stride frequency. In addition, our findings suggest that potentiation and explosive vertical power could be the emphasis for sustaining the stride frequency of women soccer players, while sprinting performance should be supported by strong acceleration and maximal velocity sustained by both vertical and horizontal force and concentric and eccentric strength and power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, 52006, Melilla, Spain.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Olalla García-Taibo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas, CESAG, 07013, Palma, Spain.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Moisés Vila
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas, CESAG, 07013, Palma, Spain.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Sports Scientist, Sepahan Football Club, Isfahan, 81887-78473, Iran. .,Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran. .,Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain. .,Department of Motor Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068, Braşov, Romania. .,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Department of Motor Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068, Braşov, Romania.,Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
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Cokorilo N, Ruiz-Montero PJ, González-Fernández FT, Martín-Moya R. An Intervention of 12 Weeks of Nordic Walking and Recreational Walking to Improve Cardiorespiratory Capacity and Fitness in Older Adult Women. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102900. [PMID: 35629025 PMCID: PMC9142967 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The main aim of this study was to examine the effect of an intervention of 12 weeks in three groups on anthropometric measurement and heart rate (HR) variables, fitness index, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in older women. (2) Methods: In total, 166 Serbian adult women, aged 50 to 69 years old, participated in this study, comprising a control group (60 participants, μage = 57.8 + 6.6), Nordic-walking (NW) group (53 participants, μage = 57.5 + 6.8), and recreational-walking (RW) group (53 participants, μage = 57.8 + 6.6) in a physical fitness programme for 12 weeks. (3) Results: Anthropometric measurement variables were measured using a stadiometer and an electronic scale. The data showed differences in walking heart rate (bt/min) (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.088) between control, NW, and RW groups in the pretest analysis. Moreover, there were significant differences in walking heart rate (bt/min) (η2 = 0.155), heart rate at the end of the test (bt/min) (η2 = 0.093), total time of fitness index test (min) (η2 = 0.097), fitness index (η2 = 0.130), and VO2max (η2 = 0.111) (all, p < 0.001) between control, NW, and RW groups in the posttest analysis. (4) Conclusions: NW group training resulted in slightly greater benefits than RW group training. The present study demonstrated that both groups could act as modalities to improve the functionality and quality of life of people during the ageing process, reflected mainly in HR variables; UKK test measurements, and VO2max. It also contributes to the extant research on older women during exercise and opens interesting avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojsa Cokorilo
- Faculty of Sport, University UNION Nikola Tesla, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Pedro Jesús Ruiz-Montero
- Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain; (F.T.G.-F.); (R.M.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain; (F.T.G.-F.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Ricardo Martín-Moya
- Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain; (F.T.G.-F.); (R.M.-M.)
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González-Fernández FT, Martínez-Aranda LM, Falces-Prieto M, Nobari H, Clemente FM. Exploring the Y-Balance-Test scores and inter-limb asymmetry in soccer players: differences between competitive level and field positions. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:45. [PMID: 35321733 PMCID: PMC8944159 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00438-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The postural stability seems to be important in the physical development of the soccer player and the specific tasks related to the game. In addition, it is related to the injury risk and therefore, with the injury prevention and retraining processes. In this context, the Y Balance Test (YBT) is presented as a tool to assess dynamic postural control.
Objective This study aimed to explore the differences and possible correlations in the YBT scores and inter-limb asymmetry for anterior (ANT), posteromedial (PM) and posterolateral (PL) directions by category and field position in soccer players.
Methods 173 males soccer players aged between 14 and 33 years old agreed to participate. Five categories and six field position were considered in this study. A standardised protocol was used at multiple clubs during the pre-season assessment of musculoskeletal function in soccer players. All the players performed the Y Balance Test (YBT) (official YBT Kit), assessing the dominant and non-dominant leg for three YBT directions (anterior-AN, posteromedial-PM and posterolateral-PL), inter-limb asymmetry and composite score. Results For AN, amateur and semiprofessional obtained the highest values for Dominant and Non-Dominant legs (Rangemean = 101.8–109.4%) and the lowest level in PRO players (mean: 62.0%). Concerning PM-PL, semiprofessional (Rangemean = 126.4–132.7%, dominant and non-Dominant respectively), followed by professional and amateur reported higher scores compared to youth categories. Inter-limb asymmetry showed higher values in lower age categories. The best composite scores were detected in semiprofessionals (Rangemean = 113.3–126.7% for dominant and Rangemean = 113.8–129.7% for non-Dominant leg), compared with the rest of the categories and for each field position evaluated. Conclusion Comparisons between field-positions revealed that centre-backs were worse than wingers and forwards. In order to explain variations in dynamic balance between competitive levels within the same age-group, special considerations about training programmes and related co-variables should be considered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13102-022-00438-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, 52006, Melilla, Spain.,SER Research Group, CESAG, Pontifical University of Comillas, 07013, Palma, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107, Murcia, Spain.,Human Movement Neuroscience Research Group (Neuromove), UCAM, 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Moisés Falces-Prieto
- Research Center High Performance Soccer, Marcet Academy, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, 56199-11367, Ardabil, Iran. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain. .,Sports Scientist, Sepahan Football Club, 81887-78473, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
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Clemente FM, González-Fernández FT, Ceylan HI, Silva R, Younesi S, Chen YS, Badicu G, Wolański P, Murawska-Ciałowicz E. Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5576. [PMID: 34884288 PMCID: PMC8658324 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pre-season training in soccer can induce changes in biological markers in the circulation. However, relationships between chosen hematological and biochemical blood parameters and training load have not been measured. Objective: Analyze the blood measures changes and their relationships with training loads changes after pre-season training. Methodology: Twenty-five professional soccer players were assessed by training load measures (derived from rate of perceived exertion- known as RPE) during the pre-season period. Additionally, blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses. Results: For hematological parameters, significant increases were found for platelets (PLT) (dif: 6.42; p = 0.006; d = -0.36), while significant decreases were found for absolute neutrophils count (ANC) (dif: -3.98; p = 0.006; d = 0.11), and absolute monocytes count (AMC) (dif: -16.98; p = 0.001; d = 0.78) after the pre-season period. For biochemical parameters, there were significant increases in creatinine (dif: 5.15; p = 0.001; d = -0.46), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (dif: 12.55; p = 0.001; d = -0.84), C-reactive protein (CRP) (dif: 15.15; p = 0.001; d = -0.67), cortisol (dif: 2.85; p = 0.001; d = -0.28), and testosterone (dif: 5.38; p = 0.001; d = -0.52), whereas there were significant decreases in calcium (dif: -1.31; p = 0.007; d =0.49) and calcium corrected (dif: -2.18; p = 0.015; d = 0.82) after the pre-season period. Moreover, the Hooper Index (dif: 13.22; p = 0.01; d = 0.78), and all derived RPE measures increased after pre-season period. Moderate-to-very large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50-0.73) were found between the training load and hematological measures percentage of changes. Moderate-to-large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50-0.60) were found between training load and biochemical measures percentage of changes. Conclusions: The results indicated heavy physical loads during the pre-season, leading to a decrease in immune functions. Given the significant relationships between blood and training load measures, monitoring hematological and biochemical measures allow coaches to minimize injury risk, overreaching, and overtraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas, 07013 Palma, Spain;
- SER Research Group, Pontifical University of Comillas, 07013 Palma, Spain
| | - Halil Ibrahim Ceylan
- Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Kazim Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Rui Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
| | - Saeid Younesi
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Yung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan;
| | - Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, University Transilvania of Brasov, 500068 Brasov, Romania;
| | - Paweł Wolański
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland;
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González-Fernández FT, González-Víllora S, Baena-Morales S, Pastor-Vicedo JC, Clemente FM, Badicu G, Murawska-Ciałowicz E. Effect of Physical Exercise Program Based on Active Breaks on Physical Fitness and Vigilance Performance. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10111151. [PMID: 34827143 PMCID: PMC8614732 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Our study aimed to analyze the effects of 8 weeks physical training on vigilance performance in high school students. Forty-two healthy students were assigned for convenience and matched into two groups, a Control Group (CG) and an Active-Break Group (ABG). The participants were assessed before the training program using the Alpha-Fitness test battery and Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) to observe their physical fitness and vigilance performance. Compared with the pre-test, significant different were observed in the post-test PVT. Results showed a main effect of ABG responding faster than students in the CG group. This demonstrated that 8 weeks physical training have an effect on vigilance performance and improve the efficiency of vigilance in high school students. Abstract The scientific literature has shown the beneficial effects of chronic Physical Exercise (PE) on a wide range of tasks that involve high-order functioning. For this reason, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of active breaks on physical fitness and vigilance performance in high school students through eight weeks of physical training. A total of 42 healthy students (age = 16.50 ± 0.59 years; height = 171.08 ± 8.07 cm; weight = 67.10 ± 13.76 kg) from one Andalusian high school (Spain) were assigned for convenience and matched into two groups, a Control Group (CG) and an Active-Break Group (ABG). The ABG performed two active breaks (based on strength and self-loading exercises) during the school day, first at 10:00 a.m. and second at 12:30 p.m. The participants were assessed before and after the training program using the Alpha-Fitness test battery and the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). Significant differences were observed in the post-training PVT results, compared with the pretraining PVT, showing ABG responding faster than CG. Thus, the presents study demonstrated that eight weeks of physical training affects vigilance performance (compared to CG) and improves the efficiency of vigilance in high school students, contributing to enhancement of quality of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas (Centro de Estudios Superiores Alberta Giménez), 07013 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- SER Research Group, Pontifical University of Comillas (Centro de Estudios Superiores Alberta Giménez), 07013 Palma, Spain
| | - Sixto González-Víllora
- Department of Physical Education, Arts and Music, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (S.G.-V.); (J.C.P.-V.)
| | - Salvador Baena-Morales
- EDUCAFD Research Group, Department of General Didactic and Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Juan Carlos Pastor-Vicedo
- Department of Physical Education, Arts and Music, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (S.G.-V.); (J.C.P.-V.)
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, University Transilvania of Brasov, 500068 Brasov, Romania;
| | - Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Falces-Prieto M, Sáez de Villarreal-Sáez E, Raya-González J, González-Fernández FT, Clemente FM, Badicu G, Murawska-Ciałowicz E. The Differentiate Effects of Resistance Training With or Without External Load on Young Soccer Players' Performance and Body Composition. Front Physiol 2021; 12:771684. [PMID: 34803744 PMCID: PMC8602856 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.771684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 15 weeks (2/week) of two different resistance training (RT) programs [the self-load group (SG) vs. the overload group (OG)] on selected measures of physical performance in young male soccer players. Methods: The countermovement jump (CMJ), aerobic endurance (VO2 max), and body composition [body mass (BM), height (H), body fat percentage (% BF), and lean mass (LM)] were measured before and after the 15-week RT interventions. Subjects were randomized to treatments: 1. SG [age = 15.34 ± 1.34 years]; 2. OG [age = 16.28 ± 1.21 years]. Results: The level of significance set for the study (p ≤ 0.05). Within-group analysis did report significant differences in all variables for the SG (p = 0.008 to 0.001; ES = -0.33 to 1.41, small to large) as in the OG (p = 0.001; ES = 0.82 to 1.30, large). Between-groups analysis reported differences in CMJ (F = 4.32; p = 0.004) for the OG. Conclusion: The main findings of this study indicated that RT with and without external load was effective in improving the measures of physical performance in young soccer players, with special attention to jumping ability, where the OG group was more effective. Furthermore, there is no interference to aerobic endurance. It is recommended that soccer coaches implement RT without external load in the early stages of training or in players with late maturation development and in those soccer clubs with limited material resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Falces-Prieto
- Research Center High Performance Soccer, Marcet Academy, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Football and Science, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas, CESAG, Palma, Spain
- SER Research Group, Pontifical University of Comillas, CESAG, Palma, Spain
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, RuaEscola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, University Transilvania of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
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Ruiz-Montero PJ, González-Fernández FT, Mikalacki M, Martín-Moya R. The use of anthropometrical variables for detection of homeostatic measurement assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in female participants of a physical exercise program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 122:727-731. [PMID: 34570574 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2021_116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Homeostatic Measurement Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) is a recognized and validated method which uses the levels of fasting glucose in blood and insulin of patients to evaluate the insulin resistance. AIMS The purpose of the present study was to assess the cut-off values for anthropological variables to identify the (HOMA-IR) index in female participants of a physical exercise program. In addition, the association and prediction of insulin resistance by anthropological variables was studied. METHODS A total of 143 participants (45.64 ± 13.17 years) volunteered for this study. Clinical data were collected by means of a self-reported questionnaire. Body weight and BMI were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and skinfold thickness was taken using a caliper. Girths were assessed with a flexible metallic tape measures and finally, the HOMA-IR was calculated by the formula as follows: fasting plasma insulin ((μU/ml) x fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L). RESULTS The outcomes of the study indicated that the AUC of anthropometrical variables for identifying HOMA-IR are reflected primarily in weight, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-thigh ratio, subscapular skinfold thickness, abdominal skinfold thickness, hip circumference, chest circumference, upper arm muscular girths (tensed and relaxed) (all, p ≤ 0.001), triceps skinfold thickness (p 109 cm (specificity: 99.2 waist circumference > 116 cm (specificity: 99.2 %) and abdomen skinfold < 8.8 (specificity: 97.6 %), predict the HOMA-IR in 35.29 %, 29.41 %, 23.53 % and 23.53 %, respectively. CONCLUSION The present empirical study demonstrates that hip, chest and waist circumference on the one hand, and abdomen skinfold on the other hand are markers that are relevant to the identification of HOMA-IR index in females (Tab. 3, Ref. 33). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: insulin resistance, anthropometry, cut-off value, women, HOMA-IR.
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Silva R, Clemente FM, González-Fernández FT, Bernardo A, Ardigò LP. Weekly Variations of Short-Duration Maximal Jumping Performance in Soccer Players: Exploring Relationships With Accumulated Training Load and Match Demands. Front Physiol 2021; 12:690353. [PMID: 34489720 PMCID: PMC8417052 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.690353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was 2-fold: (1) to analyze variations of short-duration maximal jumping performance in players exposed to a match and those who were not and (2) to analyze the relationships between changes in the short-duration maximal jumping performance and different accumulated training load and match demands measures. Methods: Twenty-four professional soccer players (age: 20.3 ± 1.7 years) were monitored daily for their training load and match demands over 6 weeks. In addition, they performed a weekly short-duration maximal jumping performance test (72 h after the last match). Results: Negative moderate correlations were found between percentage of change of countermovement jump (CMJ) height and Acummulated training load (ATL) of total distance (TD), high metabolic load (HML), accelerations (ACC), and decelerations (DEC) (r = −0.38, p = 0.004; r = −0.33, p = 0.013; r = −0.39, p = 0.003; and r = −0.30, p = 0.026). No correlations were found for match load (ML). TD, HML, ACC, and DCC (r = 0.27, r = 0.25, r = 0.31, and r = 0.22, respectively) were used to predict the percentage of change of CMJ height. Conclusion: Match participation has negative effects on CMJ performance. The ATL of HML, ACC, DCC, and TD have a significant influence on both CMJ measures changes. Also, the ATL values of those metrics are the best predictors of the percentage changes of CMJ performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Viana Do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Viana Do Castelo, Portugal.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas, Centro de Estudios Superiores Alberta Giménez, Palma, Spain.,SER (Salud, Educación y Rendimiento) Research Group, Pontifical University of Comillas, Centro de Estudios Superiores Alberta Giménez, Palma, Spain
| | - André Bernardo
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Viana Do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Falces-Prieto M, González-Fernández FT, Matas-Bustos J, Ruiz-Montero PJ, Rodicio-Palma J, Torres-Pacheco M, Clemente FM. An Exploratory Data Analysis on the Influence of Role Rotation in a Small-Sided Game on Young Soccer Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:6773. [PMID: 34202472 PMCID: PMC8297317 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the behavior of players in a standard small-sided game (SSG) according to the role played (offensive (OF), defensive (DF), and wildcard (W)) and its relationship with physical demands (PHYD), technical performance (TP), and internal load (RPE). A total of 24 young highly trained male soccer players (under 16: n = 12; under 19: n = 12) participated. During the SSG, the players alternated the three roles (OF, DF, and W). The duration of each repetition was 4 min with a passive rest of 3 min between them. Furthermore, it emphasized the high demand in all defensive parameters. In addition, DF roles showed higher values in PHYD and RPE, followed by the OF roles, and finally by the W roles. A complementary, positive moderate correlation was found between PHYD and RPE in the U16 dataset (r = 0.45, p < 0.006). Very large positive correlations were also found between PHYD and RPE in the U19 and merged dataset (r = 0.78, p < 0.001 and r = 0.46, p < 0.63, respectively). This information could be useful for coaches in order to structure the roles in SSGs and control training load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Falces-Prieto
- Research Center High Performance Soccer, Fundación Marcet, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-P.); (J.R.-P.); (M.T.-P.)
| | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas, 07013 Palma, Spain;
- SER Research Group, Pontifical University of Comillas, 07013 Palma, Spain
| | - Jaime Matas-Bustos
- Department of Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain;
| | - Pedro Jesús Ruiz-Montero
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, 52071 Melilla, Spain;
| | - Jesús Rodicio-Palma
- Research Center High Performance Soccer, Fundación Marcet, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-P.); (J.R.-P.); (M.T.-P.)
| | - Manuel Torres-Pacheco
- Research Center High Performance Soccer, Fundación Marcet, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-P.); (J.R.-P.); (M.T.-P.)
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Gonçalves L, Clemente FM, Barrera JI, Sarmento H, González-Fernández FT, Palucci Vieira LH, Figueiredo AJ, Clark CCT, Carral JMC. Relationships between Fitness Status and Match Running Performance in Adult Women Soccer Players: A Cohort Study. Medicina (Kaunas) 2021; 57:617. [PMID: 34199252 PMCID: PMC8231904 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was twofold: (i) to analyze the relationships between fitness status (repeated-sprint ability (RSA), aerobic performance, vertical height jump, and hip adductor and abductor strength) and match running performance in adult women soccer players and (ii) to explain variations in standardized total distance, HSR, and sprinting distances based on players' fitness status. Materials and Methods: The study followed a cohort design. Twenty-two Portuguese women soccer players competing at the first-league level were monitored for 22 weeks. These players were tested three times during the cohort period. The measured parameters included isometric strength (hip adductor and abductor), vertical jump (squat and countermovement jump), linear sprint (10 and 30 m), change-of-direction (COD), repeated sprints (6 × 35 m), and intermittent endurance (Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1). Data were also collected for several match running performance indicators (total distance covered and distance at different speed zones, accelerations/decelerations, maximum sprinting speed, and number of sprints) in 10 matches during the cohort. Results: Maximal linear sprint bouts presented large to very large correlations with explosive match-play actions (accelerations, decelerations, and sprint occurrences; r = -0.80 to -0.61). In addition, jump modalities and COD ability significantly predicted, respectively, in-game high-intensity accelerations (r = 0.69 to 0.75; R2 = 25%) and decelerations (r = -0.78 to -0.50; R2 = 23-24%). Furthermore, COD had significant explanatory power related to match running performance variance regardless of whether the testing and match performance outcomes were computed a few or several days apart. Conclusion: The present investigation can help conditioning professionals working with senior women soccer players to prescribe effective fitness tests to improve their forecasts of locomotor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Gonçalves
- Faculty of Educational Sciences and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain;
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joel Ignacio Barrera
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.I.B.); (H.S.); (A.J.F.)
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.I.B.); (H.S.); (A.J.F.)
| | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas (Centro de Estudios Superiores Alberta Giménez), 07013 Palma, Spain;
| | - Luiz H. Palucci Vieira
- MOVI-LAB Human Movement Research Laboratory, School of Sciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Department, UNESP São Paulo State University, Bauru 01140-070, Brazil;
| | - António José Figueiredo
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.I.B.); (H.S.); (A.J.F.)
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Priory St, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK;
| | - J. M. Cancela Carral
- Faculty of Educational Sciences and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain;
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Infantes-Paniagua Á, Silva AF, Ramirez-Campillo R, Sarmento H, González-Fernández FT, González-Víllora S, Clemente FM. Active School Breaks and Students' Attention: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060675. [PMID: 34064202 PMCID: PMC8224334 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
School physical activity breaks are currently being proposed as a way to improve students’ learning. However, there is no clear evidence of the effects of active school breaks on academic-related cognitive outcomes. The present systematic review with meta-analysis scrutinized and synthesized the literature related to the effects of active breaks on students’ attention. On January 12th, 2021, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched for published interventions with counterbalanced cross-over or parallel-groups designs with a control group, including school-based active breaks, objective attentional outcomes, and healthy students of any age. Studies’ results were qualitatively synthesized, and meta-analyses were performed if at least three study groups provided pre-post data for the same measure. Results showed some positive acute and chronic effects of active breaks on attentional outcomes (i.e., accuracy, concentration, inhibition, and sustained attention), especially on selective attention. However, most of the results were not significant. The small number of included studies and their heterogeneous design are the primary limitations of the present study. Although the results do not clearly point out the positive effects of active breaks, they do not compromise students’ attention. The key roles of intensity and the leader of the active break are discussed. INPLASY registration number: 202110054.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Infantes-Paniagua
- Department of Physical Education, Arts Education, and Music, Faculty of Education of Albacete, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-967-599-200 (ext. 2564)
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- N2i, Polytechnic Institute of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal;
- The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, 8320000 Santiago, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, 7500000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Centro de Estudios Superiores Alberta Giménez, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas, 07013 Palma, Spain;
| | - Sixto González-Víllora
- Department of Physical Education, Arts Education, and Music, Faculty of Education of Cuenca, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 17071 Cuenca, Spain;
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Gonçalves L, Clemente FM, Barrera JI, Sarmento H, González-Fernández FT, Rico-González M, Carral JMC. Exploring the Determinants of Repeated-Sprint Ability in Adult Women Soccer Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:4595. [PMID: 33926099 PMCID: PMC8123705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the main determinants of repeated-sprint ability (RSA) in women soccer players considering aerobic capacity, sprinting performance, change-of-direction, vertical height jump, and hip adductor/abductor isometric strength. Twenty-two women soccer players from the same team participating in the first Portuguese league were observed. Fitness assessments were performed three times during a 22-week cohort period. The following assessments were made: (i) hip abductor and adductor strength, (ii) squat and countermovement jump (height), (iii) change-of-direction test, (iv) linear sprinting at 10- and 30-m, (v) RSA test, and (vi) Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1. Positive moderate correlations were found between peak minimum RSA and adductor and abductor strength (r = 0.51, p < 0.02 and r = 0.54, p < 0.01, respectively). Positive moderate correlations were also found between peak maximum RSA and adductor and abductor strength (r = 0.55, p < 0.02 and r = 0.46, p < 0.01, respectively). Lastly, a moderate negative correlation was found between fatigue index in RSA and YYIR1 test performance (r = -0.62, p < 0.004). In conclusion, abductor and adductor isometric strength-based coadjutant training programs, together with a high degree of aerobic endurance, may be suitable for inducing RSA in female soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Gonçalves
- Faculty of Educational Sciences and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain;
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joel Ignacio Barrera
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.I.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.I.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas (Centro de Estudios Superiores Alberta Giménez), 07013 Palma, Spain;
| | - Markel Rico-González
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain;
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Gea-García GM, González-Gálvez N, Espeso-García A, Marcos-Pardo PJ, González-Fernández FT, Martínez-Aranda LM. Relationship Between the Practice of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in Physical Education Students: The Integrated Regulation As a Mediating Variable. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1910. [PMID: 32849119 PMCID: PMC7405605 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The practice of physical activity (PA) contributes to the prevention of chronic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular diseases, being also directly related to the individual’s physical fitness. Therefore, it is necessary to measure and monitoring the levels of PA in childhood and adolescence, since it may be useful to describe their current health status and the association with physical fitness, as well as to reveal putative consequences in the future. Within the educational field, it has been shown that physical education (PE) classes are a favorable context for the creation of healthy physical-sports habits and self-determined motivation could be a key for explaining the level of PA practice. For this reason, the purpose of this research was to study the mediating role of integrated regulation (IR) on the relationship between PA and physical fitness in children and adolescents. A total of 325 students between 11 and 14 years old participated in the study. The level of PA was estimated through the specific Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C), while motivation and IR were measured by using the Perceived Locus of Causality scale (PLOC-2). In addition, physical fitness was measured through the Eurofit fitness battery of tests, composed of three body composition measures and seven tests of different physical capacities. The physical fitness score showed no differences when genders were compared. After regression analysis, the resulting models revealed a good adjustment and correlation between PA practice and physical fitness (β = 0.173; p < 0.001), being established through the macro Process that this relationship is partially conditioned by the IR (β = 0.122; p = 0.03). ROC curve analysis estimated the score of 5.88 as a cut-off point to discriminate between levels of IR for students, classified as physically active or not (AUC = 0.67; p < 0.001). The conclusions from these main and other complementary analyses reporting complete mediations, suggest that the IR could be decisive in predicting and explaining the relationship between the practice of PA and physical fitness at these ages, highlighting its importance for a greater adherence to the practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma María Gea-García
- Faculty of Sports, San Antonio Catholic University (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.,Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Control Performance Research Group (GISAFFCOM), San Antonio Catholic University (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Noelia González-Gálvez
- Faculty of Sports, San Antonio Catholic University (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.,Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Control Performance Research Group (GISAFFCOM), San Antonio Catholic University (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Espeso-García
- Faculty of Sports, San Antonio Catholic University (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.,Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Control Performance Research Group (GISAFFCOM), San Antonio Catholic University (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo J Marcos-Pardo
- Faculty of Sports, San Antonio Catholic University (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.,Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Control Performance Research Group (GISAFFCOM), San Antonio Catholic University (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda
- Faculty of Sports, San Antonio Catholic University (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.,Neuroscience of Human Movement Research Group, San Antonio Catholic University (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
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Abstract
En las últimas dos décadas han surgido numerosas investigaciones que han mostrado los efectos beneficiosos de la actividad física para la salud (Biddle, Fox y Boutcher, 2003; Lee y Skerritt, 2001). Lejos de creer que la actividad física tan sólo prevenía trastornos físicos [e.g., enfermedades cardiovasculares (Haskell et al., 2007)], la literatura científica argumenta que también previene trastornos mentales [e.g., depresión y reducción del estrés (Dunn et al., 2001) o ansiedad (Paluska y Schwenk, 2000)]. Además, entidades de relevancia mundial tales como la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), el Centro para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC), el Colegio Americano de Medicina del Deporte (ACSM) o la Asociación Americana del Corazón (AHA), relacionan positivamente la actividad física con la salud general y consideran a la actividad física como algo esencial e indispensable para preservar la salud. En resumen, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal estudiar los efectos del ejercicio físico puntual sobre el funcionamiento cognitivo (vigilancia y percepción), sugieren que el esfuerzo ligero-moderado aumenta la activación general y mejora la velocidad de respuesta en tareas de atención sostenida con independencia de la relevancia del estímulo objetivo. Además, no replicamos el resultado de investigaciones previas que demostraron el efecto de un entrenamiento físico en el rendimiento cognitivo
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