1
|
Wang L, Su Z, Li YC, Cao BY, Su C, Gong CX. Relationship of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 and Peptide YY with Catch-up Growth in Children Born Small for Gestational Age. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2024; 16:69-75. [PMID: 37847108 PMCID: PMC10938530 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2023.2023-5-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Children born small for gestational age (SGA) are at a greater risk of developing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Gastrointestinal peptides, some secreted by intestinal L cells, regulate glucose and lipid metabolism and act on the hypothalamus to regulate energy homeostasis. The aim of this study was to explore whether gastrointestinal peptides are involved in metabolic disorders in SGA, which remains unclear. Methods The secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) were investigated in prepubertal children born SGA, the differences between catch-up growth and persistent short stature were compared, and correlation with glucose and lipid metabolism was analyzed. GLP-1, PYY, insulin-like growth factor 1, glucose, insulin, and lipid concentrations were analyzed in prepubertal children aged 4-10 years, stratified into three groups: short-SGA (SGA-s), catch-up growth SGA, and normal growth appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Results Fasting GLP-1 and PYY concentrations were significantly lower in the SGA group than in the AGA group (p<0.05), and the GLP-1 level in infants born SGA with catch-up growth was lower than that in the SGA-s group (p<0.05). In the SGA population, GLP-1 showed a weak negative correlation with catch-up growth (r=-0.326) and positive correlation with fasting insulin (r=0.331). Conclusion Lower GLP-1 concentrations may be associated with abnormal glucose metabolism in prepubertal children born SGA with catch-up growth. This is indirect evidence that impaired intestinal L cell function may be involved in the development of metabolic complications in SGA children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Clinic of Endocrinology, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Clinic of Endocrinology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Su
- Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Clinic of Endocrinology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Chuan Li
- National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Clinic of Endocrinology, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Yan Cao
- National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Clinic of Endocrinology, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Su
- National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Clinic of Endocrinology, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Xiu Gong
- National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Clinic of Endocrinology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pham NHT, Joglekar MV, Wong WKM, Nassif NT, Simpson AM, Hardikar AA. Short-chain fatty acids and insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:193-209. [PMID: 37290429 PMCID: PMC10777678 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT There is substantial evidence that reduced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the gut are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, although findings from clinical interventions that can increase SCFAs are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of SCFA interventions on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). DATA SOURCES Relevant articles published up to July 28, 2022, were extracted from PubMed and Embase using the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms of the defined keywords [(short-chain fatty acids) AND (obesity OR diabetes OR insulin sensitivity)] and their synonyms. Data analyses were performed independently by two researchers who used the Cochrane meta-analysis checklist and the PRISMA guidelines. DATA EXTRACTION Clinical studies and trials that measured SCFAs and reported glucose homeostasis parameters were included in the analysis. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95%CIs were calculated using a random-effects model in the data extraction tool Review Manager version 5.4 (RevMan 5.4). The risk-of-bias assessment was performed following the Cochrane checklist for randomized and crossover studies. DATA ANALYSIS In total, 6040 nonduplicate studies were identified, 23 of which met the defined criteria, reported fasting insulin, fasting glucose, or HOMA-IR values, and reported change in SCFA concentrations post intervention. Meta-analyses of these studies indicated that fasting insulin concentrations were significantly reduced (overall effect: SMD = -0.15; 95%CI = -0.29 to -0.01, P = 0.04) in treatment groups, relative to placebo groups, at the end of the intervention. Studies with a confirmed increase in SCFAs at the end of intervention also had a significant effect on lowering fasting insulin (P = 0.008). Elevated levels of SCFAs, compared with baseline levels, were associated with beneficial effects on HOMA-IR (P < 0.00001). There was no significant change in fasting glucose concentrations. CONCLUSION Increased postintervention levels of SCFAs are associated with lower fasting insulin concentrations, offering a beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42021257248.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nhan H T Pham
- are with the Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
- are with the School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- are with the Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wilson K M Wong
- are with the Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Najah T Nassif
- are with the School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ann M Simpson
- are with the School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- are with the Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
- is with the Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dallatana A, Cremonesi L, Trombetta M, Fracasso G, Nocini R, Giacomello L, Innamorati G. G Protein-Coupled Receptors and the Rise of Type 2 Diabetes in Children. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1576. [PMID: 37371671 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human genome counts hundreds of GPCRs specialized to sense thousands of different extracellular cues, including light, odorants and nutrients in addition to hormones. Primordial GPCRs were likely glucose transporters that became sensors to monitor the abundance of nutrients and direct the cell to switch from aerobic metabolism to fermentation. Human β cells express multiple GPCRs that contribute to regulate glucose homeostasis, cooperating with many others expressed by a variety of cell types and tissues. These GPCRs are intensely studied as pharmacological targets to treat type 2 diabetes in adults. The dramatic rise of type 2 diabetes incidence in pediatric age is likely correlated to the rapidly evolving lifestyle of children and adolescents of the new century. Current pharmacological treatments are based on therapies designed for adults, while youth and puberty are characterized by a different hormonal balance related to glucose metabolism. This review focuses on GPCRs functional traits that are relevant for β cells function, with an emphasis on aspects that could help to differentiate new treatments specifically addressed to young type 2 diabetes patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Dallatana
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Linda Cremonesi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Maddalena Trombetta
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Fracasso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nocini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Giacomello
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Innamorati
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Felső R, Lányi É, Erhardt É, Laufer Z, Kardos D, Herczeg R, Gyenesei A, Hollódy K, Molnár D. Total sleep deprivation decreases saliva ghrelin levels in adolescents. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13746. [PMID: 36217837 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin, a regulator of food intake and energy expenditure, has been shown to be associated with insufficient sleep. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of a single night of total sleep deprivation on fasting saliva ghrelin and on nocturnal variation of saliva ghrelin concentration. A further aim of the study was to investigate the influence of body mass index on changes in saliva ghrelin levels. Altogether 35 adolescents (18 boys; age: 13.8 ± 1.14 years) were studied on two subsequent days (sleep and total sleep deprivation). Saliva samples were collected during the two experimental nights at 21:00 hours, 01:00 hours and 06:00 hours. Total-ghrelin concentration showed a continuous increase from the evening until 06:00 hours. This increase was blunted significantly (p = 0.003) by total sleep deprivation. Total-ghrelin level was significantly lower (p = 0.02) during total sleep deprivation at 06:00 hours (median 403.6 pg ml-1 ; 95% confidence interval: 343.1-468.9 pg ml-1 ) as compared with values during the sleep condition (median 471.2 pg ml-1 ; 95% confidence interval: 205.4-1578.7 pg ml-1 ). Acyl-ghrelin levels did not present any change at the three time points, and were not affected by total sleep deprivation. Stratifying the study population according to body mass index (normal weight and overweight/obese groups), the blunting effect of total sleep deprivation was more pronounced in the obese/overweight group (sleep: median 428.2 pg ml-1 ; 95% confidence interval: 331.3-606.9 pg ml-1 versus total sleep deprivation: median 333.1 pg ml-1 ; 95% confidence interval: 261.5-412.9 pg ml-1 ; p = 0.0479). Saliva total-ghrelin concentrations gradually increased during the night, and total sleep deprivation significantly blunted this increase. This blunting effect was mainly observed in subjects with overweight/obesity. The physiological and clinical implications of the present observation are to be clarified by further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Felső
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Lányi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Erhardt
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Laufer
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dániel Kardos
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Herczeg
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,National Laboratory for Human Reproduction, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,National Laboratory for Human Reproduction, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Hollódy
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effect of acute dietary- versus combined dietary and exercise-induced energy deficits on subsequent energy intake, appetite and food reward in adolescents with obesity. Physiol Behav 2022; 244:113650. [PMID: 34798127 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute dietary-induced energy deficits have been shown to favor compensatory appetitive responses. The aim of this study was to compare energy intake (EI), appetite sensations and the hedonic responses to equivalent energy deficits induced by dietary restriction alone and combined with exercise in adolescents with obesity. METHODS In a within-subjects design, seventeen adolescents with obesity (12-16 years, Tanner stage 3-5, 6 males) randomly completed three 14 h conditions: (i) control (CON); (ii) deficit induced by diet only (Def-EI) and; (iii) deficit induced by combined diet and physical exercise (Def-mixed). Breakfast and lunch were calibrated to generate a 500 kcal deficit in Def-EI and 250 kcal deficit in Def-mixed. A 250 kcal deficit was created through a cycling exercise set at 65% VO2peak in Def-mixed. Ad libitum EI, macronutrients and relative EI (REI) were assessed at dinner, subjective appetite sensations taken at regular intervals, and food reward measured before dinner. RESULTS EI at dinner was significantly lower in Def-EI compared to CON (p = 0.014; Effect size (ES): -0.59 [-1.07; -0.12]), with no difference between Def-mixed and both CON and Def-EI. Total REI was lower in both deficit conditions compared with CON (Def-mixed: p < 0.001; ES: -3.80 [-4.27; -3.32], Def-EI: p < 0.001; ES: -4.90 [-5.37; -4.42] respectively), indicating incomplete compensation for the energy deficits. Absolute protein ingestion at dinner was lower in Def-EI than Def-mixed (p = 0.037; ES: -0.50 [-0.98; -0.03]) and absolute lipid ingestion was lower in Def-EI than in CON (p = 0.033; ES: -0.51 [-0.99; -0.04]). A higher proportion of protein and a lower proportion of carbohydrates was observed in Def-mixed than in Def-EI (p = 0.078; ES: -0.42 [-0.90; 0.04] and p = 0.067; ES: 0.44 [-0.03; 0.92] respectively). Total area under the curve for appetite sensations were similar between conditions. Explicit liking for sweet relative to savoury food was lower in Def-mixed compared to CON (p = 0.027; ES: -0.53 [-1.01; -0.06]) with no difference in food reward between Def-EI and CON. CONCLUSION Neither of the two acute isoenergetic deficits led to subsequent appetitive compensation, with the dietary deficit even inducing a lower ad libitum EI at the subsequent dinner. Further studies are needed to better understand the appetitive response to dietary and exercise energy balance manipulations in this population.
Collapse
|
6
|
Baranowski T, Motil KJ. Simple Energy Balance or Microbiome for Childhood Obesity Prevention? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082730. [PMID: 34444890 PMCID: PMC8398395 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevention interventions generally have either not worked or had effects inadequate to mitigate the problem. They have been predicated on the simple energy balance model, which has been severely questioned by biological scientists. Numerous other etiological mechanisms have been proposed, including the intestinal microbiome, which has been related to childhood obesity in numerous ways. Public health research is needed in regard to diet and the microbiome, which hopefully will lead to effective child obesity prevention.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor M, Jowik K, Dutkiewicz A, Krasinska A, Pytlinska N, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Suminska M, Pruciak A, Skowronska B, Slopien A. Neuropeptide Y and Peptide YY in Association with Depressive Symptoms and Eating Behaviours in Adolescents across the Weight Spectrum: From Anorexia Nervosa to Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020598. [PMID: 33670342 PMCID: PMC7917982 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) are involved in metabolic regulation. The purpose of the study was to assess the serum levels of NPY and PYY in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) or obesity (OB), as well as in a healthy control group (CG). The effects of potential confounders on their concentrations were also analysed. Eighty-nine adolescents were included in this study (AN = 30, OB = 30, and CG = 29). Anthropometric measurements and psychometric assessment of depressive symptoms, eating behaviours, body attitudes, and fasting serum levels of NPY and PYY were analysed. The AN group presented severe depressive symptoms, while the OB group held different attitudes towards the body. The levels of NPY were lower in the AN and OB groups as compared with the CG. The PYY levels were higher in the OB group than in the AN group and the CG. The severity of eating disorder symptoms predicted fasting serum concentrations of NPY. Lower levels of NPY in AN, as well as in OB suggests the need to look for a common link in the mechanism of this effect. Higher level of PYY in OB may be important in explaining complex etiopathogenesis of the disease. The psychopathological symptoms may have an influence on the neurohormones regulating metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (K.J.); (A.D.); (N.P.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Jowik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (K.J.); (A.D.); (N.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Agata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (K.J.); (A.D.); (N.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Agata Krasinska
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Natalia Pytlinska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (K.J.); (A.D.); (N.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marta Suminska
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Agata Pruciak
- Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Research Centre of Quarantine, Invasive and Genetically Modified Organisms, 60-318 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Bogda Skowronska
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Slopien
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (K.J.); (A.D.); (N.P.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A review of the short- and long-term impact of weight loss on appetite in youth: what do we know and where to from here? Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:357-366. [PMID: 32517831 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120007028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review seeks to synthesise our knowledge about changes in hunger and satiety that occur during diet-induced weight loss and during weight loss maintenance, with a particular focus on youth with obesity. Mechanisms of appetite responses to weight loss rely heavily on the adult literature. Physiological mechanisms that control appetite and satiety via the gut-brain axis have been elucidated but we have an incomplete picture of changes in gut hormones and peptides in youth with obesity. In adolescents, the role of the brain in long-term sensing of body composition and modifying appetite and satiety changes is easily over-ridden by hedonic influences for the reward of highly palatable sweet foods and encourages over-consumption. Accordingly, reward cues and hyper-responsiveness to palatable foods lead to a pattern of food choices. Different reward systems are necessary that are substantial enough to reward the continued individual effort required to sustain new behaviours, that need to be adopted to support a reduced body weight. Periods of growth and development during childhood provide windows of opportunity for interventions to influence body weight trajectory but long-term studies are lacking. More emphasis needs to be placed on anticipatory guidance on how to manage powerful hedonic influences of food choice, essential to cope with living in our obesogenic environment and managing hunger which comes with the stronger desire to eat after weight has been lost.
Collapse
|
9
|
Binou P, Yanni AE, Stergiou A, Karavasilis K, Konstantopoulos P, Perrea D, Tentolouris N, Karathanos VT. Enrichment of bread with beta-glucans or resistant starch induces similar glucose, insulin and appetite hormone responses in healthy adults. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:455-464. [PMID: 32385687 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE β-Glucans (βG) and resistant starch (RS) are known for their effects on the improvement of glucose tolerance and enhancement of insulin sensitivity. Enrichment of bread with βG or RS was performed to examine potential postprandial benefits regarding gastrointestinal hormone responses. METHODS Ten healthy normoglycaemic adults participated in the study and were provided with either a glucose solution (reference food, GS) or bread enriched with β-glucans (βGB) (3.6 g/30 g available CHO) or bread enriched with resistant starch (RSB) (15% of total starch), with 1-week intervals in amounts that yielded 50 g of available carbohydrates. Venous blood samples were collected before consumption and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min postprandially. Glucose, insulin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) responses as well as glycaemic index (GI) and subjective appetite ratings were evaluated. RESULTS Ingestion of βGB and RSB elicited lower incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glycaemic response compared to GS (P < 0.05). Both breads demonstrated a low GI (βGB: 48, RSB: 40). There were no significant differences in insulin response, ghrelin, GLP-1 or PYY between the two breads. A significantly lower desire to eat and higher fullness were detected 15 min after βGB and RSB consumption and until 180 min (P < 0.05 compared to GS). CONCLUSION Enrichment of bread with either βG or RS produced a low GI product but the two breads were not significantly different in relation to insulin, ghrelin, GLP-1 and PYY responses. The development of bread products which cause improved metabolic effects is of great importance for the promotion of public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Binou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Amalia E Yanni
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17671, Athens, Greece.
| | - Athena Stergiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17671, Athens, Greece.,1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Karavasilis
- ELBISCO S.A., Industrial and Commercial Food Company, 21st Km Marathonos Ave, Pikermi, Attica, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Konstantopoulos
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgery Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despoina Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgery Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vaios T Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17671, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jain AK, le Roux CW, Puri P, Tavakkoli A, Gletsu-Miller N, Laferrère B, Kellermayer R, DiBaise JK, Martindale RG, Wolfe BM. Proceedings of the 2017 ASPEN Research Workshop-Gastric Bypass: Role of the Gut. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; 42:279-295. [PMID: 29443403 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the National Institutes of Health-funded American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 2017 research workshop (RW) "Gastric Bypass: Role of the Gut" was to focus on the exciting research evaluating gut-derived signals in modulating outcomes after bariatric surgery. Although gastric bypass surgery has undoubted positive effects, the mechanistic basis of improved outcomes cannot be solely explained by caloric restriction. Emerging data suggest that bile acid metabolic pathways, luminal contents, energy balance, gut mucosal integrity, as well as the gut microbiota are significantly modulated after bariatric surgery and may be responsible for the variable outcomes, each of which was rigorously evaluated. The RW served as a timely and novel academic meeting that brought together clinicians and researchers across the scientific spectrum, fostering a unique venue for interdisciplinary collaboration among investigators. It promoted engaging discussion and evolution of new research hypotheses and ideas, driving the development of novel ameliorative, therapeutic, and nonsurgical interventions targeting obesity and its comorbidities. Importantly, a critical evaluation of the current knowledge regarding gut-modulated signaling after bariatric surgery, potential pitfalls, and lacunae were thoroughly addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, SSM Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Center, University College Dublin, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Puneet Puri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Vieginia, USA
| | - Ali Tavakkoli
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Center for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Blandine Laferrère
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - John K DiBaise
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Bruce M Wolfe
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cheng HL, Sainsbury A, Garden F, Sritharan M, Paxton K, Luscombe G, Hawke C, Steinbeck K. Ghrelin and Peptide YY Change During Puberty: Relationships With Adolescent Growth, Development, and Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2851-2860. [PMID: 29860506 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pubertal adolescents show strong appetites. How this is mediated is unclear, but ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) play potentially important roles. OBJECTIVE To measure ghrelin and PYY change in relation to pubertal growth. DESIGN Three-year prospective cohort study. SETTING Australian regional community. PARTICIPANTS Eighty healthy adolescents (26 girls; 54 boys) recruited at 10 to 13 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fasting circulating total ghrelin, total PYY, IGF-1, insulin, leptin (via radioimmunoassay), estradiol and testosterone (via mass spectrometry), anthropometry, and body composition (via bioelectrical impedance). RESULTS Adolescents exhibited normal developmental change. Mixed models revealed positive associations for ghrelin to age2 (both sexes: P < 0.05), indicating a U-shaped trend over time. Ghrelin was also inversely associated with IGF-1 (both sexes: P < 0.05), leptin in girls (P < 0.01), and insulin in boys (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with annual height and weight velocity (both sexes: P ≤ 0.01). PYY showed no age-related change in either sex. Neither ghrelin nor PYY were associated with Tanner stage. Weight subgroup analyses showed significant ghrelin associations with age2 in healthy-weight but not overweight and obese adolescents (7 girls; 18 boys). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents showed a U-shaped change in ghrelin corresponding to physical and biochemical markers of growth, and no change in PYY. The overweight and obesity subgroup exhibited an apparent loss of the U-shaped ghrelin trend, but this finding may be attributed to greater maturity and its clinical significance is unclear. Further research on weight-related ghrelin and PYY trends at puberty is needed to understand how these peptides influence growth and long-term metabolic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Lun Cheng
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Academic Department of Adolescent Medicine, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Sainsbury
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frances Garden
- University of New South Wales, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Myuran Sritharan
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Academic Department of Adolescent Medicine, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Paxton
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Rural Health, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Georgina Luscombe
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Rural Health, Orange, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Hawke
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Rural Health, Orange, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katharine Steinbeck
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Academic Department of Adolescent Medicine, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Baldassano S, Accardi G, Aiello A, Buscemi S, Di Miceli G, Galimberti D, Candore G, Ruisi P, Caruso C, Vasto S. Fibres as functional foods and the effects on gut hormones: The example of β-glucans in a single arm pilot study. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
13
|
Pilot Study Measuring the Novel Satiety Hormone, Pro-Uroguanylin, in Adolescents With and Without Obesity. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 66:489-495. [PMID: 29112082 PMCID: PMC5825243 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disruption of satiety signaling may lead to increased caloric intake and obesity. Uroguanylin, the intestinal hormone, travels as a precursor to the central nervous system where it activates guanylyl cyclase C and stimulates pro-satiety neurons. Rodent studies have demonstrated that guanylyl cyclase C-knockout mice overeat and have increased weight gain versus wild-type mice and hyper-caloric obesity diminishes uroguanylin expression. We measured circulating plasma pro-uroguanylin, along with other gastrointestinal peptides and inflammatory markers, in human adolescents with and without obesity, as a pilot study. We hypothesized that adolescents with obesity would have less circulating pro-uroguanylin than adolescents without obesity have. METHODS We recruited 24 adolescents (age 14-17 years) with and without obesity (body mass index >95% or body mass index <95%) and measured plasma pro-uroguanylin at fasting and successive time points after a meal. We measured 3 other satiety hormones and 2 inflammatory markers to characterize overall satiety signaling and highlight any link between uroguanylin and inflammation. RESULTS Female adolescents with obesity had lower circulating pro-uroguanylin levels than female adolescents without obesity; we observed no difference in males. Other measured gastrointestinal peptides varied in their differences between cohorts. Inflammatory markers were higher in female participants with obesity. CONCLUSIONS In adolescents with and without obesity, we can measure circulating pro-uroguanylin levels. In female adolescents without obesity, levels are particularly higher. Pro-uroguanylin secretion patterns differ from other circulating gastrointestinal peptides. In female adolescents with obesity, inflammation correlates with decreased pro-uroguanylin levels.
Collapse
|
14
|
Di Guglielmo MD, Perdue L, Adeyemi A, van Golen KL, Corao DU. Immunohistochemical Staining for Uroguanylin, a Satiety Hormone, is Decreased in Intestinal Tissue Specimens From Female Adolescents With Obesity. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2018; 21:285-295. [PMID: 28847213 PMCID: PMC5647253 DOI: 10.1177/1093526617722912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract-secreted satiety hormones play a significant role in one of the largest health-care challenges for children and adults, obesity. Recent studies in mice identified a novel role for uroguanylin, the endogenous intestinal hormone that binds guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C), in regulating satiety via a gut-brain signaling pathway. Mice bred without GUCY2C receptors over-ate and developed obesity. We hypothesized that intestinal uroguanylin expression in pediatric patients with obesity would be lower than patients without obesity, and we attempted to examine the difference with immunohistochemistry. Retrospective chart review of gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures at an academic children's hospital identified patients with normal pathology findings on biopsy. Children aged 8-17 were included in the review; we analyzed biopsy samples from 20 matched pairs that differed only by body mass index (BMI)-for-age (average: 25%-75% vs. high: >95%). Biopsies of the duodenum, terminal ileum, ascending colon, and descending colon were subjected to immunohistochemistry for GUCY2C, uroguanylin, and the endogenous colonic hormone, guanylin. Intensity staining of all specimens was scored by a blinded pathologist. The overall staining intensity for females with high BMI-for-age was less for uroguanylin and guanylin as compared to average BMI-for-age females while GUCY2C staining was equal. Males did not exhibit different staining intensities for uroguanylin or guanylin. More matched female pairs had greater uroguanylin and guanylin staining in the average BMI-for-age cohort. The intestinal expression of uroguanylin, a key satiety hormone, appears to be diminished in female pediatric patients in the setting of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Di Guglielmo
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Lacey Perdue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Adebowale Adeyemi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Kenneth L van Golen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Diana U Corao
- Department of Pathology, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu GJ, Cai XD, Xing J, Zhong GH, Chen JDZ. Circulating motilin, ghrelin, and GLP-1 and their correlations with gastric slow waves in patients with chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R149-R157. [PMID: 28566304 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00317.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) commonly complain upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, especially anorexia. Hemodialysis (HD) has been noted to improve GI symptoms; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study was designed 1) to study effects of HD on GI symptoms and gastric slow waves; and 2) to investigate possible roles of ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1): the study recruited 13 healthy controls, 20 CKD patients without HD (CKD group), and 18 CKD patients with HD (HD group). Dyspeptic symptoms, autonomic functions, gastric slow waves, and plasma level of ghrelin and GLP-1 were analyzed. First, the CKD patients with HD showed markedly lower scores of anorexia (0.6 ± 0.2 vs. 3.2 ± 0.4, P < 0.001) compared with patients without HD. Second, the CKD group but not HD group showed a significant reduction (25.6%) in the percentage of normal gastric slow waves, compared with controls. Third, the CKD group exhibited a significantly lower ghrelin level compared with the HD group (26.8 ± 0.9 vs. 34.1 ± 2.3 ng/l, P < 0.02) and a higher GLP-1 level (29.4 ± 2.8 vs. 20.0 ± 2.1 pmol/l, P < 0.05) compared with controls. Moreover, the percentage of normal slow waves was positively correlated with ghrelin (r = 0.385, P = 0.019) but negatively correlated with GLP-1 (r = -0.558, P < 0.001) in all CKD patients. Hemodialysis improves upper GI symptoms and gastric slow waves in CKD patients. An increase in ghrelin and a decrease in GLP-1 might be involved in the HD-induced improvement in gastric slow waves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Jue Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Wuxi Second Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Ningbo Pace Translational Medical Research Center, Beilun, Ningbo, China.,Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Xu-Dong Cai
- Division of Nephrology, Ningbo Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Xing
- Division of Nephrology, Ningbo Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhong
- Division of Nephrology, Ningbo Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Ningbo, China;
| | - Jiande D Z Chen
- Ningbo Pace Translational Medical Research Center, Beilun, Ningbo, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Allsop S, Rumbold PL, Green BP. The between-day reproducibility of fasting, satiety-related analytes, in 8 to 11 year-old boys. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:207-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|