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Tobin SY, Cornier MA, White MH, Hild AK, Simonsen SE, Melanson EL, Halliday TM. The effects of acute exercise on appetite and energy intake in men and women. Physiol Behav 2021; 241:113562. [PMID: 34516956 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare energy intake (EI) and appetite regulation responses between men and women following acute bouts of aerobic (AEx), resistance exercise (REx), and a sedentary control (CON). METHODS Men and women (n = 24; 50% male) with overweight/obesity, matched on age (32.3 ± 2 vs. 36.8 ± 2 yrs, p = 0.14) and BMI (28.1 ± 1.2 vs 29.0 ± 1.5 kg/m2, p = 0.64) completed 3 conditions: 1) AEx (65-70% of age-predicted maximum heart rate for 45 min); 2) REx (1-set to failure on 12 exercises); and 3) CON. Each condition was initiated in the post-prandial state (35 min following consumption of a standardized breakfast). Appetite (visual analog scale for hunger, satiety, and prospective food consumption [PFC]) and hormones (ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1) were measured in the fasted state and every 30 min post-prandially for 3 h. Post-exercise ad libitum EI at the lunch meal was also measured. RESULTS Men reported higher levels of hunger compared to women across all study conditions (AEx: Men: 7815.00 ± 368.3; Women: 5428.50 ± 440.0 mm x 180 min; p = 0.025; REx: Men: 7110.00 ± 548.4; Women: 6086.25 ± 482.9 mm x 180 min; p = 0.427; CON: Men: 8315.00 ± 429.8; Women: 5311.25 ± 543.1 mm x 180 min; p = 0.021) and consumed a greater absolute caloric load than women at the ad libitum lunch meal (AEx: Men: 1021.6 ± 105.4; Women: 851.7 ± 70.5 kcals; p = 0.20; REx: Men: 1114.7 ± 104.0; Women: 867.7 ± 76.4 kcals; p = 0.07; CON: Men: 1087.0 ± 98.8; Women: 800.5 ± 102.3 kcals; p = 0.06). However, when adjusted for relative energy needs, there was no difference in relative ad libitum EI observed between men and women. No differences in Area Under the Curve for Satiety, PFC, ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 were noted between men and women following acute exercise (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that women report lower ratings of appetite following an acute bout of exercise or sedentary time when compared to men, yet have similar relative EI. Future work is needed to examine whether sex-based differences in appetite regulation and EI are present with chronic exercise of differing modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Y Tobin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, 250 S 1850 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Marc-Andre Cornier
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States; Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Administration, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Mollie H White
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Allison K Hild
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Sara E Simonsen
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Edward L Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Administration, Aurora, Colorado, United States; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Tanya M Halliday
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, 250 S 1850 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
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Rossi PAQ, Panissa VLG, Silveira R, Takito MY, Lima FS, Rossi FE, Franchini E. Post-exercise energy intake: do the intensity and mode of exercise matter? A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing high-intensity interval with moderate-intensity continuous protocols. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:929-942. [PMID: 34675403 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the impact of exercise intensity and mode (high-intensity interval exercise-HIIE or sprint interval exercise-SIE versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise-MICE) on post-exercise ad libitum energy intake. The studies were required to have at least two exercise conditions (HIIE or SIE vs MICE). Overall, 642 manuscripts were initially identified and 17 met the eligibility criteria. The random effect meta-analysis did not reveal differences for absolute energy intake (28 pairwise comparisons) between HIIE (p = 0.54; 95% Confidence Interval - CI: -0.14 to 0.26; 22 pairwise comparisons) or SIE (p = 0.08; 95% CI -0.65 to 0.03; 6 pairwise comparisons) versus MICE, neither for relative energy intake (p = 0.97; 95% CI: -0.35 to 0.10 for HIIE; p = 0.28; 95% CI: -1.03 to 0.06 for SIE) with five and one pairwise comparisons, respectively. Subgroup analyses for methods to evaluate ad libitum energy intake, body mass, sex, volume, and timing of exercise were non-significant. Inspecting each study, two pairwise comparisons reported lower post-exercise absolute energy intake in HIIE compared to control (CRTL), and three pairwise comparisons reported lower absolute energy intake after SIE compared to MICE. None pairwise comparison reported differences between protocols (HIIE or SIE versus MICE) for relative energy intake. In conclusion, the meta-analysis did not show differences between protocols for absolute and relative energy intake; five pairwise comparisons from 28 demonstrated lower absolute energy intake in HIIE or SIE compared to CRTL or MICE. Further studies are needed to address the key relevant variables in which exercise intensity and mode may impact energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Almeida Queiroz Rossi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Leme Gonçalves Panissa
- High-intensity Intermittent Exercise Physiology Research Group; Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Silveira
- High-intensity Intermittent Exercise Physiology Research Group; Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Yuri Takito
- High-intensity Intermittent Exercise Physiology Research Group; Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Santos Lima
- High-intensity Intermittent Exercise Physiology Research Group; Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Eduardo Rossi
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Professor at Graduate Program in Science and Health, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil
| | - Emerson Franchini
- High-intensity Intermittent Exercise Physiology Research Group; Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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What Is the Impact of Energy Expenditure on Energy Intake? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103508. [PMID: 34684509 PMCID: PMC8539813 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coupling energy intake (EI) to increases in energy expenditure (EE) may be adaptively, compensatorily, or maladaptively leading to weight gain. This narrative review examines if functioning of the homeostatic responses depends on the type of physiological perturbations in EE (e.g., due to exercise, sleep, temperature, or growth), or if it is influenced by protein intake, or the extent, duration, timing, and frequency of EE. As different measures to increase EE could convey discrepant neuronal or humoral signals that help to control food intake, the coupling of EI to EE could be tight or loose, which implies that some ways to increase EE may have advantages for body weight regulation. Exercise, physical activity, heat exposure, and a high protein intake favor weight loss, whereas an increase in EE due to cold exposure or sleep loss likely contributes to an overcompensation of EI, especially in vulnerable thrifty phenotypes, as well as under obesogenic environmental conditions, such as energy dense high fat—high carbohydrate diets. Irrespective of the type of EE, transient elevations in the metabolic rate seem to be general risk factors for weight gain, because a subsequent decrease in energy requirement is not compensated by an adequate adaptation of appetite and EI.
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Timing of high-intensity intermittent exercise affects ad libitum energy intake in overweight inactive men. Appetite 2019; 143:104443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Charlot K, Chapelot D. Comparison of energy-matched high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous exercise sessions on latency to eat, energy intake, and appetite. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:665-673. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity interval exercises (HIIex) have gained popularity but their effects on eating behavior are poorly known. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the effects of HIIex on the 3 main components of eating behavior (appetite, intake, and latency to eat) differ from those of moderate-intensity continuous exercises (MICex) for the same energy expenditure. Fifteen young normal-weight males completed 3 sessions in a counterbalanced order: HIIex (30-s bouts at 90% of maximal oxygen uptake interceded with 60-s bouts at 35% of maximal oxygen uptake for 20 min), MICex (42% of maximal oxygen uptake for 40 min), and a resting session (REST). Trials were scheduled 80 and 100 min after a standard breakfast for MICex and HIIex, respectively. At 120 min, participants were isolated until they asked for lunch. Appetite was rated on 4 visual analog scales (hunger, desire to eat, fullness, and prospective consumption) every 15 min until meal request. Results showed that the mean latency of requesting lunch was significantly longer after HIIex than after REST (+17.3 ± 4.3 min, P = 0.004), but not after MICex (P = 0.686). Energy intake was not different between conditions, leading to a negative energy balance in the 2 exercise sessions. Thus, the effects of HIIex on eating behavior are likely primarily mediated through the latency of meal initiation. However, inter-individual variability was large and further studies are needed to identify the predictive factors of this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyne Charlot
- Université Paris 13, Laboratoire Réponses Cellulaires et Fonctionnelles à l’Hypoxie, UFR Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Didier Chapelot
- Université Paris 13, Laboratoire Réponses Cellulaires et Fonctionnelles à l’Hypoxie, UFR Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, Université Paris 13, UFR Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France
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Gjestvang C, Stensrud T, Haakstad LAH. Are changes in physical fitness, body composition and weight associated with exercise attendance and dropout among fitness club members? Longitudinal prospective study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027987. [PMID: 30987992 PMCID: PMC6500212 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary aim of the present study was to investigate if changes in physical fitness, body composition and weight are associated with exercise attendance and dropout among fitness club members. Secondary, we wanted to identify motives for fitness club membership and exercise. SETTING New members at 25 fitness clubs in Oslo, Norway. PARTICIPANTS In total, 125 new fitness club members were recruited. Eligible criteria were <4 weeks of membership, untrained (exercising <60 min once a week) and ≥18 years. At inclusion, and after 3 (n=87) and 12 months (n=64), participants answered a questionnaire (including motives for membership and exercise, and attendance) and performed measurements of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), one repetition maximum (bench press and leg press), body composition and weight. In total, 56 participants underwent measurements at all time points. Based on self-reported attendance, participants were divided into three groups: regular attendance (≥2 sessions per week), low attendance (<2 sessions per week) and exercise dropout (no sessions the last month). RESULTS At 3 months, regular attendees had significantly higher VO2max than dropout (6.54 mL/min/kg, 95% CI 2.00 to 11.07, p=0.003). At 12 months, a difference in VO2max of 5.32 mL/min/kg (95% CI -0.08 to 10.72, p=0.054) was found between regular attendees and dropout, and between regular and low exercise attendance (6.17 mL/min/kg, 95% CI 0.19 to 12.15, p=0.042). VO2max was the only factor showing an association with attendance. No differences or associations were observed in maximal muscle strength or body composition between the three groups. Primary motive for fitness club membership and exercise was increase in physical fitness (92.8%). CONCLUSIONS VO2max was the only factor associated with exercise attendance at two time points. Increased physical fitness was primary motive for fitness club membership and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gjestvang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Stensrud
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene A H Haakstad
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Caldeira RS, Panissa VLG, Inoue DS, Campos EZ, Monteiro PA, Giglio BDM, Pimentel GD, Hofmann P, Lira FS. Impact to short-term high intensity intermittent training on different storages of body fat, leptin and soluble leptin receptor levels in physically active non-obese men: A pilot investigation. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 28:186-192. [PMID: 30390879 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Studies have postulated High Intensity Intermittent Training (HIIT) as a superior strategy to reduce body fat. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects HIIT and steady-state training (SST) on body composition, leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) levels, and hunger perception in physically active non-obese men. METHODS Twenty men performed five weeks of HIIT (5 km - 1 min running at 100% speed correspondent to VȩO2peak - v VȩO2peak - interspersed with 1-min passive recovery; n = 10) or SST (5 km at 70% of vVȩO2peak continuously; n = 10) three times a week. Body composition, and hunger perception were assessed at pre- and post-training and were compared by a two-way analysis (group and training period) with repeated measures in the second factor. A fasting time-course (baseline, 24 h, and 48 h after an experimental session of exercise) of leptin and sOB-R levels were measured at pre- and post-five weeks of training and assessed by a three-way analysis (group, period and time of measurement) with repeated measures in the second and third factors. RESULTS There was no effect on body composition and hunger perception. Leptin was reduced in both groups, while sOB-R was increased post-five weeks of training in HIIT but not in the SST. CONCLUSIONS Although both training groups exerted alterations in leptin levels, only HIIT was able increased sOB-R levels, this suggest a superior impact on central responses in physically active non-obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Santos Caldeira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), School of Technology and Science, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Sayuri Inoue
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), School of Technology and Science, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Alves Monteiro
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), School of Technology and Science, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Melo Giglio
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Nutrition Faculty (FANUT) - Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Pimentel
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Nutrition Faculty (FANUT) - Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Peter Hofmann
- Exercise Physiology, Training and Training Therapy Research Group, Institute of Sports Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), School of Technology and Science, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Acute and Chronic Effects of Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake, and Appetite-Related Hormones: The Modulating Effect of Adiposity, Sex, and Habitual Physical Activity. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091140. [PMID: 30131457 PMCID: PMC6164815 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise facilitates weight control, partly through effects on appetite regulation. Single bouts of exercise induce a short-term energy deficit without stimulating compensatory effects on appetite, whilst limited evidence suggests that exercise training may modify subjective and homeostatic mediators of appetite in directions associated with enhanced meal-induced satiety. However, a large variability in responses exists between individuals. This article reviews the evidence relating to how adiposity, sex, and habitual physical activity modulate exercise-induced appetite, energy intake, and appetite-related hormone responses. The balance of evidence suggests that adiposity and sex do not modify appetite or energy intake responses to acute or chronic exercise interventions, but individuals with higher habitual physical activity levels may better adjust energy intake in response to energy balance perturbations. The effect of these individual characteristics and behaviours on appetite-related hormone responses to exercise remains equivocal. These findings support the continued promotion of exercise as a strategy for inducing short-term energy deficits irrespective of adiposity and sex, as well as the ability of exercise to positively influence energy balance over the longer term. Future well-controlled studies are required to further ascertain the potential mediators of appetite responses to exercise.
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Gomes ATDS, Julio UF, Takito MY, Alves ED, Fukuda DH, Franchini E, Panissa VLG. Energy intake post-exercise is associated with enjoyment independently of exercise intensity. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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