1
|
Descollonges M, Chaney R, Garnier P, Prigent-Tessier A, Brugniaux JV, Deley G. Electrical stimulation: a potential alternative to positively impact cerebral health? Front Physiol 2024; 15:1464326. [PMID: 39371600 PMCID: PMC11450234 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1464326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence confirms the effectiveness of physical exercise (PE) in promoting brain health by preventing age-related cognitive decline and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. The benefits of PE are attributed to neuroplasticity processes which have been reported to enhance cerebral health. However, moderate to high-intensity PE is necessary to induce these responses and these intensities cannot always be achieved especially by people with physical limitations. As a countermeasure, electrical stimulation (ES) offers several benefits, particularly for improving physical functions, for various neurological diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of key mechanisms that could contribute to the enhancement in brain health in response to ES-induced exercise, including increases in cerebral blood flow, neuronal activity, and humoral pathways. This narrative review also focuses on the effects of ES protocols, applied to both humans and animals, on cognition. Despite a certain paucity of research when compared to the more classical aerobic exercise, it seems that ES could be of interest for improving cerebral health, particularly in people who have difficulty engaging in voluntary exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maël Descollonges
- INSERM UMR 1093 – Laboratoire CAPS, « Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice », Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Kurage, Lyon, France
| | - Rémi Chaney
- INSERM UMR 1093 – Laboratoire CAPS, « Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice », Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Garnier
- INSERM UMR 1093 – Laboratoire CAPS, « Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice », Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Département Génie Biologique, IUT, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Prigent-Tessier
- INSERM UMR 1093 – Laboratoire CAPS, « Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice », Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Julien V. Brugniaux
- INSERM UMR 1300 – Laboratoire HP2, University Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaëlle Deley
- INSERM UMR 1093 – Laboratoire CAPS, « Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice », Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chaney R, Leger C, Wirtz J, Fontanier E, Méloux A, Quirié A, Martin A, Prigent-Tessier A, Garnier P. Cerebral Benefits Induced by Electrical Muscle Stimulation: Evidence from a Human and Rat Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1883. [PMID: 38339161 PMCID: PMC10855504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise (EX) is well established for its positive impact on brain health. However, conventional EX may not be feasible for certain individuals. In this regard, this study explores electromyostimulation (EMS) as a potential alternative for enhancing cognitive function. Conducted on both human participants and rats, the study involved two sessions of EMS applied to the quadriceps with a duration of 30 min at one-week intervals. The human subjects experienced assessments of cognition and mood, while the rats underwent histological and biochemical analyses on the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and quadriceps. Our findings indicated that EMS enhanced executive functions and reduced anxiety in humans. In parallel, our results from the animal studies revealed an elevation in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), specifically in the hippocampus. Intriguingly, this increase was not associated with heightened neuronal activity or cerebral hemodynamics; instead, our data point towards a humoral interaction from muscle to brain. While no evidence of increased muscle and circulating BDNF or FNDC5/irisin pathways could be found, our data highlight lactate as a bridging signaling molecule of the muscle-brain crosstalk following EMS. In conclusion, our results suggest that EMS could be an effective alternative to conventional EX for enhancing both brain health and cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Chaney
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000 Dijon, France; (R.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (E.F.); (A.M.); (A.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Clémence Leger
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000 Dijon, France; (R.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (E.F.); (A.M.); (A.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Julien Wirtz
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000 Dijon, France; (R.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (E.F.); (A.M.); (A.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Estelle Fontanier
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000 Dijon, France; (R.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (E.F.); (A.M.); (A.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Alexandre Méloux
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000 Dijon, France; (R.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (E.F.); (A.M.); (A.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Aurore Quirié
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000 Dijon, France; (R.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (E.F.); (A.M.); (A.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Alain Martin
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Anne Prigent-Tessier
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000 Dijon, France; (R.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (E.F.); (A.M.); (A.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Philippe Garnier
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000 Dijon, France; (R.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (E.F.); (A.M.); (A.Q.); (P.G.)
- Département Génie Biologique, IUT, F-21000 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren J, Xiao H. Exercise Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease: Unraveling Neurobiological Mechanisms and Assessing Effects. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2285. [PMID: 38137886 PMCID: PMC10744739 DOI: 10.3390/life13122285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and a major cause of age-related dementia, characterized by cognitive dysfunction and memory impairment. The underlying causes include the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein (Aβ) in the brain, abnormal phosphorylation, and aggregation of tau protein within nerve cells, as well as neuronal damage and death. Currently, there is no cure for AD with drug therapy. Non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise have been widely used to treat AD, but the specific molecular and biological mechanisms are not well understood. In this narrative review, we integrate the biology of AD and summarize the knowledge of the molecular, neural, and physiological mechanisms underlying exercise-induced improvements in AD progression. We discuss various exercise interventions used in AD and show that exercise directly or indirectly affects the brain by regulating crosstalk mechanisms between peripheral organs and the brain, including "bone-brain crosstalk", "muscle-brain crosstalk", and "gut-brain crosstalk". We also summarize the potential role of artificial intelligence and neuroimaging technologies in exercise interventions for AD. We emphasize that moderate-intensity, regular, long-term exercise may improve the progression of Alzheimer's disease through various molecular and biological pathways, with multimodal exercise providing greater benefits. Through in-depth exploration of the molecular and biological mechanisms and effects of exercise interventions in improving AD progression, this review aims to contribute to the existing knowledge base and provide insights into new therapeutic strategies for managing AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Ren
- Institute of Sport and Health, Guangdong Provincial Kay Laboratory of Development and Education for Special Needs Child, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524037, China
- Institute of Sport and Health, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haili Xiao
- Institute of Sport and Health, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524037, China;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lima-Filho R, Fortuna JS, Cozachenco D, Isaac AR, Lyra e Silva N, Saldanha A, Santos LE, Ferreira ST, Lourenco MV, De Felice FG. Brain FNDC5/Irisin Expression in Patients and Mouse Models of Major Depression. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0256-22.2023. [PMID: 36697257 PMCID: PMC9927507 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0256-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major cause of disability in adults. MDD is both a comorbidity and a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and regular physical exercise has been associated with reduced incidence and severity of MDD and AD. Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine derived from proteolytic processing of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). FNDC5/irisin is reduced in the brains of AD patients and mouse models. However, whether brain FNDC5/irisin expression is altered in depression remains elusive. Here, we investigate changes in fndc5 expression in postmortem brain tissue from MDD individuals and mouse models of depression. We found decreased fndc5 expression in the MDD prefrontal cortex, both with and without psychotic traits. We further demonstrate that the induction of depressive-like behavior in male mice by lipopolysaccharide decreased fndc5 expression in the frontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus. Conversely, chronic corticosterone administration increased fndc5 expression in the frontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus. Social isolation in mice did not result in altered fndc5 expression in either frontal cortex or hippocampus. Finally, fluoxetine, but not other antidepressants, increased fndc5 gene expression in the mouse frontal cortex. Results indicate a region-specific modulation of fndc5 in depressive-like behavior and by antidepressant in mice. Our finding of decreased prefrontal cortex fndc5 expression in MDD individuals differs from results in mice, highlighting the importance of carefully interpreting observations in mice. The reduction in fndc5 mRNA suggests that decreased central FNDC5/irisin could comprise a shared pathologic mechanism between MDD and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lima-Filho
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana S. Fortuna
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cozachenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Alinny R. Isaac
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia Lyra e Silva
- Centre for Neurosciences Studies, Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, and Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Alice Saldanha
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis E. Santos
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Sergio T. Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Mychael V. Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Centre for Neurosciences Studies, Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, and Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Isaac AR, Lima-Filho RAS, Lourenco MV. How does the skeletal muscle communicate with the brain in health and disease? Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108744. [PMID: 34363812 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine mechanisms have been largely associated with metabolic control and tissue cross talk in mammals. Classically, myokines comprise a class of signaling proteins released in the bloodstream by the skeletal muscle, which mediate physiological and metabolic responses in several tissues, including the brain. Recent exciting evidence suggests that myokines (e.g. cathepsin B, FNDC5/irisin, interleukin-6) act to control brain functions, including learning, memory, and mood, and may mediate the beneficial actions of physical exercise in the brain. However, the intricate mechanisms connecting peripherally released molecules to brain function are not fully understood. Accumulating findings further indicates that impaired skeletal muscle homeostasis impacts brain metabolism and physiology. Here we review recent findings that suggest that muscle-borne signals are essential for brain physiology and discuss perspectives on how these signals vary in response to exercise or muscle diseases. Understanding the complex interactions between skeletal muscle and brain may result in more effective therapeutic strategies to expand healthspan and to prevent brain disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alinny R Isaac
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A S Lima-Filho
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pedard M, Quirié A, Tessier A, Garnier P, Totoson P, Demougeot C, Marie C. A reconciling hypothesis centred on brain-derived neurotrophic factor to explain neuropsychiatric manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:1608-1619. [PMID: 33313832 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovitis leading to joint destruction, pain and disability. Despite efficient antirheumatic drugs, neuropsychiatric troubles including depression and cognitive dysfunction are common in RA but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. However, converging evidence strongly suggests that deficit in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling contributes to impaired cognition and depression. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge on BDNF in RA, proposes possible mechanisms linking RA and brain BDNF deficiency including neuroinflammation, cerebral endothelial dysfunction and sedentary behaviour, and discusses neuromuscular electrical stimulation as an attractive therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pedard
- INSERM U1093, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Aurore Quirié
- INSERM U1093, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Anne Tessier
- INSERM U1093, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Philippe Garnier
- INSERM U1093, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Perle Totoson
- EA4267 PEPITE, FHU INCREASE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, F-25030, France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- EA4267 PEPITE, FHU INCREASE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, F-25030, France
| | - Christine Marie
- INSERM U1093, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gardner JC, Dvoretskiy SV, Yang Y, Venkataraman S, Lange DA, Li S, Boppart AL, Kim N, Rendeiro C, Boppart MD, Rhodes JS. Electrically stimulated hind limb muscle contractions increase adult hippocampal astrogliogenesis but not neurogenesis or behavioral performance in male C57BL/6J mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19319. [PMID: 33168868 PMCID: PMC7652861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise is crucial for maintaining cognitive health throughout life. Recent evidence suggests muscle contractions during exercise release factors into the blood which cross into the brain and stimulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis. However, no study has tested whether muscle contractions alone are sufficient to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improve behavioral performance. Adult male, C57BL/6J mice were anesthetized and exposed to bilateral hind limb muscle contractions (both concentric and eccentric) via electrical stimulation (e-stim) of the sciatic nerve twice a week for 8 weeks. Each session lasted approximately 20 min and consisted of a total of 40 muscle contractions. The control group was treated similarly except without e-stim (sham). Acute neuronal activation of the dentate gyrus (DG) using cFos immunohistochemistry was measured as a negative control to confirm that the muscle contractions did not activate the hippocampus, and in agreement, no DG activation was observed. Relative to sham, e-stim training increased DG volume by approximately 10% and astrogliogenesis by 75%, but no difference in neurogenesis was detected and no improvement in behavioral performance was observed. E-stim also increased astrogliogenesis in CA1/CA2 hippocampal subfields but not in the cortex. Results demonstrate that muscle contractions alone, in absence of DG activation, are sufficient to increase adult hippocampal astrogliogenesis, but not neurogenesis or behavioral performance in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie C Gardner
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Svyatoslav V Dvoretskiy
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yanyu Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sanjana Venkataraman
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Dominica A Lange
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Shiping Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Alexandria L Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Noah Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Justin S Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA. .,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sanchis-Gomar F, Lopez-Lopez S, Romero-Morales C, Maffulli N, Lippi G, Pareja-Galeano H. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation: A New Therapeutic Option for Chronic Diseases Based on Contraction-Induced Myokine Secretion. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1463. [PMID: 31849710 PMCID: PMC6894042 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myokines are peptides known to modulate brain neuroplasticity, adipocyte metabolism, bone mineralization, endothelium repair and cell growth arrest in colon and breast cancer, among other processes. Repeated skeletal muscle contraction induces the production and secretion of myokines, which have a wide range of functions in different tissues and organs. This new role of skeletal muscle as a secretory organ means skeletal muscle contraction could be a key player in the prevention and/or management of chronic disease. However, some individuals are not capable of optimal physical exercise in terms of adequate duration, intensity or muscles involved, and therefore they may be virtually deprived of at least some of the physiological benefits induced by exercise. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is emerging as an effective physical exercise substitute for myokine induction. NMES is safe and efficient and has been shown to improve muscle strength, functional capacity, and quality of life. This alternative exercise modality elicits hypertrophy and neuromuscular adaptations of skeletal muscles. NMES stimulates circulating myokine secretion, promoting a cascade of endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine effects. We review the current evidence supporting NMES as an effective physical exercise substitute for inducing myokine production and its potential applications in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Lopez-Lopez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rosa JM, Pazini FL, Olescowicz G, Camargo A, Moretti M, Gil-Mohapel J, Rodrigues ALS. Prophylactic effect of physical exercise on Aβ 1-40-induced depressive-like behavior: Role of BDNF, mTOR signaling, cell proliferation and survival in the hippocampus. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 94:109646. [PMID: 31078612 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive impairments as well as non-cognitive symptoms such as depressed mood. Physical exercise has been proposed as a preventive strategy against AD and depression, an effect that may be related, at least partially, to its ability to prevent impairments on cell proliferation and neuronal survival in the hippocampus, a structure implicated in both cognition and affective behavior. Here, we investigated the ability of treadmill exercise (4 weeks) to counteract amyloid β1-40 peptide-induced depressive-like and anxiety-like behavior in mice. Moreover, we addressed the role of the BDNF/mTOR intracellular signaling pathway as well as hippocampal cell proliferation and survival in the effects of physical exercise and/or Aβ1-40. Aβ1-40 administration (400 pmol/mouse, i.c.v.) increased immobility time and reduced the latency to immobility in the forced swim test, a finding indicative of depressive-like behavior. In addition, Aβ1-40 administration also decreased time spent in the center of the open field and increased grooming and defecation, alterations indicative of anxiety-like behavior. These behavioral alterations were accompanied by a reduction in the levels of mature BDNF and mTOR (Ser2448) phosphorylation in the hippocampus. In addition, Aß1-40 administration reduced cell proliferation and survival in the ventral, dorsal and entire dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Importantly, most of these behavioral, neurochemical and structural impairments induced by Aβ1-40 were not observed in mice subjected to 4 weeks of treadmill exercise. These findings indicate that physical exercise has the potential to prevent the occurrence of early emotional disturbances associated with AD and this appears to be mediated, at least in part, by modulation of hippocampal BDNF and mTOR signaling as well as through promotion of cell proliferation and survival in the hippocampal DG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Francis L Pazini
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Olescowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Anderson Camargo
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Morgana Moretti
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Oliveira Bristot VJ, de Bem Alves AC, Cardoso LR, da Luz Scheffer D, Aguiar AS. The Role of PGC-1α/UCP2 Signaling in the Beneficial Effects of Physical Exercise on the Brain. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:292. [PMID: 30983964 PMCID: PMC6449457 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In understanding the pathology of neurological diseases, the role played by brain energy metabolism is gaining prominence. Animal models have demonstrated that regular physical exercise improves brain energy metabolism while also providing antidepressant, anxiolytic, antioxidant and neuroprotective functions. This review summarizes the latest evidence on the roles played by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) in this scenario. The beneficial effects of exercise seem to depend on crosstalk between muscles and nervous tissue through the increased release of muscle irisin during exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane José de Oliveira Bristot
- Research Group on Biology of Exercise, Department of Health Sciences, Centro Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina de Bem Alves
- Research Group on Biology of Exercise, Department of Health Sciences, Centro Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Liziane Rosa Cardoso
- Research Group on Biology of Exercise, Department of Health Sciences, Centro Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | - Débora da Luz Scheffer
- Research Group on Biology of Exercise, Department of Health Sciences, Centro Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Aderbal Silva Aguiar
- Research Group on Biology of Exercise, Department of Health Sciences, Centro Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pereira ES, Krause Neto W, Calefi AS, Georgetti M, Guerreiro L, Zocoler CAS, Gama EF. Significant Acute Response of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Following a Session of Extreme Conditioning Program Is Correlated With Volume of Specific Exercise Training in Trained Men. Front Physiol 2018; 9:823. [PMID: 30018570 PMCID: PMC6038715 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated an acute and chronic increase of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in relation to different types of physical exercise. Currently, many individuals seek physical training strategies that present different types of stimulation and volume/intensity. Thus, the extreme conditioning methodology has gained great notoriety in the scientific and non-scientific environment. Knowing that BDNF values increase in an effort-dependent manner, it is necessary to study the effects of this strategy on BDNF levels. This study aimed to evaluate the acute response of BDNF in trained men submitted to an extreme conditioning program (ECP) session. Ten volunteers underwent an acute ECP session using the “as many reps as possible” (WOD-AMRAP) method, including three types of exercise (clean, wall ball and double or single-unders) for 9 min. BDNF was measured in the plasma, being collected baseline and immediately after the session. Total load of the clean exercise was five times greater than wall ball exercise (p < 0.05; 2096.1 ± 387.4 kg vs 415.8 ± 81.03 kg), which influenced little in the total load (p < 0.05, 2511.9 ± 358.52 kg) used. For the total volume, practitioners averaged 1.7 times more repetitions in the wall ball exercise compared to clean (46.2 ± 9 vs 29.5 ± 3.8 repetitions). The volunteers averaged 75.7 ± 12.6 double-unders repetitions, bringing the total volume of training to 151.4 ± 23.7 repetitions. Regarding the BDNF values, there was a significant difference (p = 0.05) between the pre- vs post-moments (11209.85 ± 1270.4 vs 12132.96 ± 1441.93 pg/ml). Effect size for this change as moderate (ES = 0.79). We found a positive correlation between total volume of clean exercise and delta BDNF values (p = 0.049). In conclusion, a single extreme conditioning session, through the practice of the WOD-AMRAP method, is capable of increasing the acute concentrations of plasma BDNF. In practical terms, we may suggest that future studies evaluate the effect of ECP as a strategy in the treatment of disorders associated with central degenerative changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emy S Pereira
- Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Body Perception and Movement, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter Krause Neto
- Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Atilio S Calefi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Georgetti
- Laboratory of Body Perception and Movement, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Guerreiro
- Laboratory of Body Perception and Movement, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar A S Zocoler
- Laboratory of Human Movement, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane F Gama
- Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Body Perception and Movement, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|