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Marin-Couture E, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Schrauwen P, Joanisse DR, Tremblay A. Mechanical efficiency: associations with body composition and glycemic profile in healthy adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05528-w. [PMID: 39068628 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the association between net mechanical efficiency (NME) and body composition and glycemic profile, in middle-aged (38.3 ± 14.3 years) participants from the Quebec Family Study (QFS). Analyses were completed on a sample of 605 participants (271 males and 334 females) who performed a submaximal exercise test on an ergometer consisting of three consecutive 6-min workloads at increasing intensity during which respiratory gas exchange was assessed. The calculation of NME [power output/ (vO2-vO2seated before exercise)] was based on the values of the last 3 min of the first workload at a targeted power output of 30 W. Correlations between NME and dependent variables were computed separately in males and females. Associations between NME and body composition and glucose-insulin variables were assessed by comparing groups of subjects categorized in sex-specific tertiles of NME after adjustments for age. Significant negative correlations were observed between NME and body composition and glycemic profile in both sexes. Comparison across tertiles showed that individuals with high NME displayed more favorable adiposity and glycemic profiles. These differences remained significant after further adjustments for participation in vigorous physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and mean exercise respiratory exchange ratio whereas most differences in glucose-insulin variables became non-significant after further adjustment for percent body fat. QFS familial data indicate that the heritability of NME reaches about 30%. In conclusion, the results of this study show that beyond aerobic fitness and physical activity-participation, mechanical efficiency is an additional activity-related variable that is independently associated with variations in body composition and glycemic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Marin-Couture
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, PEPS, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Quebec City, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Durable - VITAM, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, PEPS, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Denis R Joanisse
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, PEPS, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, PEPS, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Quebec City, Canada.
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, Canada.
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Tremblay A, Pérusse L, Bertrand C, Jacob R, Couture C, Drapeau V. Effects of sodium intake and cardiorespiratory fitness on body composition and genetic susceptibility to obesity: results from the Quebec Family Study. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:77-86. [PMID: 35307046 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Na intake and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on body composition. The study was also intended to assess whether Na intake and/or CRF mediate the genetic susceptibility to obesity. Analyses were performed on a sample of 526 adult participants from the Quebec Family Study for whom a complete data set was available for nutrient and energy intake, CRF and body composition variables. The effects of Na, CRF and their interaction were analysed by comparing sex-specific tertiles using general linear mixed models. In both males and females, we observed a significant effect of Na intake and CRF on all body composition variables. However, in females only, we found that the effect of Na intake on body composition variables varies according to CRF level such that high Na intake was associated with increased body fatness, but only in females with low CRF. This interaction effect remained significant after statistical adjustment for total sugar, fat and energy intake. Using mediation analysis, we also found Na intake and CRF to be significant mediators of the relationship between a polygenic risk score of obesity based on > 500 000 genetic variants and BMI or waist circumference. In conclusion, the current study shows that Na intake influences body composition via mechanisms that interact with aerobic fitness, especially in females. Furthermore, both Na intake and CRF seem to be involved in the expression of the genetic susceptibility to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Bertrand
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Raphaëlle Jacob
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Couture
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Vicky Drapeau
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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