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Ianiro G, Niro A, Rosa L, Valenti P, Musci G, Cutone A. To Boost or to Reset: The Role of Lactoferrin in Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15925. [PMID: 37958908 PMCID: PMC10650157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathological conditions, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and cancer, are associated with abnormal metabolic states. The progressive loss of metabolic control is commonly characterized by insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, inflammation, central obesity, and hypertension, a cluster of metabolic dysregulations usually referred to as the "metabolic syndrome". Recently, nutraceuticals have gained attention for the generalized perception that natural substances may be synonymous with health and balance, thus becoming favorable candidates for the adjuvant treatment of metabolic dysregulations. Among nutraceutical proteins, lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding glycoprotein of the innate immune system, has been widely recognized for its multifaceted activities and high tolerance. As this review shows, Lf can exert a dual role in human metabolism, either boosting or resetting it under physiological and pathological conditions, respectively. Lf consumption is safe and is associated with several benefits for human health, including the promotion of oral and gastrointestinal homeostasis, control of glucose and lipid metabolism, reduction of systemic inflammation, and regulation of iron absorption and balance. Overall, Lf can be recommended as a promising natural, completely non-toxic adjuvant for application as a long-term prophylaxis in the therapy for metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance/type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Ianiro
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy; (G.I.); (A.N.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonella Niro
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy; (G.I.); (A.N.); (G.M.)
| | - Luigi Rosa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.R.); (P.V.)
| | - Piera Valenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.R.); (P.V.)
| | - Giovanni Musci
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy; (G.I.); (A.N.); (G.M.)
| | - Antimo Cutone
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy; (G.I.); (A.N.); (G.M.)
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Alehossein P, Taheri M, Tayefeh Ghahremani P, Dakhlallah D, Brown CM, Ishrat T, Nasoohi S. Transplantation of Exercise-Induced Extracellular Vesicles as a Promising Therapeutic Approach in Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:211-237. [PMID: 35596116 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence affirms physical exercise is effective in preventive and rehabilitation approaches for ischemic stroke. This sustainable efficacy is independent of cardiovascular risk factors and associates substantial reprogramming in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs). The intricate journey of pluripotent exercise-induced EVs from parental cells to the whole-body and infiltration to cerebrovascular entity offers several mechanisms to reduce stroke incidence and injury or accelerate the subsequent recovery. This review delineates the potential roles of EVs as prospective effectors of exercise. The candidate miRNA and peptide cargo of exercise-induced EVs with both atheroprotective and neuroprotective characteristics are discussed, along with their presumed targets and pathway interactions. The existing literature provides solid ground to hypothesize that the rich vesicles link exercise to stroke prevention and rehabilitation. However, there are several open questions about the exercise stressors which may optimally regulate EVs kinetic and boost brain mitochondrial adaptations. This review represents a novel perspective on achieving brain fitness against stroke through transplantation of multi-potential EVs generated by multi-parental cells, which is exceptionally reachable in an exercising body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Alehossein
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd., Chamran Hwy., PO: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Taheri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd., Chamran Hwy., PO: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pargol Tayefeh Ghahremani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd., Chamran Hwy., PO: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Duaa Dakhlallah
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University of Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Candice M Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sanaz Nasoohi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd., Chamran Hwy., PO: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.
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Levy E, Marcil V, Tagharist Ép Baumel S, Dahan N, Delvin E, Spahis S. Lactoferrin, Osteopontin and Lactoferrin–Osteopontin Complex: A Critical Look on Their Role in Perinatal Period and Cardiometabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061394. [PMID: 36986124 PMCID: PMC10052990 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk-derived bioactive proteins have increasingly gained attention and consideration throughout the world due to their high-quality amino acids and multiple health-promoting attributes. Apparently, being at the forefront of functional foods, these bioactive proteins are also suggested as potential alternatives for the management of various complex diseases. In this review, we will focus on lactoferrin (LF) and osteopontin (OPN), two multifunctional dairy proteins, as well as to their naturally occurring bioactive LF–OPN complex. While describing their wide variety of physiological, biochemical, and nutritional functionalities, we will emphasize their specific roles in the perinatal period. Afterwards, we will evaluate their ability to control oxidative stress, inflammation, gut mucosal barrier, and intestinal microbiota in link with cardiometabolic disorders (CMD) (obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) and associated complications (diabetes and atherosclerosis). This review will not only attempt to highlight the mechanisms of action, but it will critically discuss the potential therapeutic applications of the underlined bioactive proteins in CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Sarah Tagharist Ép Baumel
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Noam Dahan
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Biochemistry &Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Biochemistry &Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-345-4832
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The role of lactoferrin in atherosclerosis. Biometals 2022; 36:509-519. [PMID: 36053470 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common pathological basis for many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and result in high mortality and immense health and economic burdens worldwide. Early prevention, diagnosis, and treatment are promising approaches for stemming the development and progression of AS. Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin family. It is widely found in body fluids such as digestive tract fluids, tears, and milk. Lf possesses anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunoregulatory, antioxidant and many other physiological functions. The serum Lf level is reportedly associated with the risk of AS and AS-related CVDs. Lf administration is closely involved in several mechanisms, including cholesterol metabolism, foam cell formation, ICAM-1 expression, homocysteine and leptin levels, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant function. Moreover, Lf has also been applied in the sythesis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents to detect AS. Lf plays an important role in AS and may therefore be used in its diagnosis and treatment. Thus, this article aims to review the association between Lf and the risk of AS and AS-related CVDs, the mechanisms of Lf administration on AS, and its potential application in AS diagnosis.
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Guo C, Xue H, Guo T, Zhang W, Xuan WQ, Ren YT, Wang D, Chen YH, Meng YH, Gao HL, Zhao P. Recombinant human lactoferrin attenuates the progression of hepatosteatosis and hepatocellular death by regulating iron and lipid homeostasis in ob/ob mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:7183-7196. [PMID: 32756704 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00910e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding glycoprotein, has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and exert modulatory effects on lipid homeostasis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but our understanding of its regulatory mechanisms is limited and inconsistent. We used leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice as the rodent model of NAFLD, and administered recombinant human Lf (4 mg per kg body weight) or control vehicle by intraperitoneal injection to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Lf. After 40 days of treatment with Lf, insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice were significantly improved with the down-regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP2), indicating an improvement in hepatic lipid metabolism and function. We further explored the mechanism, and found that Lf may increase the hepatocellular iron output by targeting the hepcidin-ferroportin (FPn) axis, and then maintains the liver oxidative balance through a nonenzymatic antioxidant system, ultimately suppressing the death of hepatocytes. In addition, the cytoprotective role of Lf may be associated with the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation, promotion of autophagy of damaged hepatocytes and induction of up-regulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor (HIF-lα/VEGF) to facilitate liver function recovery. These findings suggest that recombinant human Lf might be a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating or delaying the pathological process of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, 110169, China.
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Ling CJ, Xu JY, Li YH, Tong X, Yang HH, Yang J, Yuan LX, Qin LQ. Lactoferrin promotes bile acid metabolism and reduces hepatic cholesterol deposition by inhibiting the farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-mediated enterohepatic axis. Food Funct 2019; 10:7299-7307. [PMID: 31626262 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01616c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that can regulate lipid metabolism, lower cholesterol, reduce body weight, and prevent atherosclerosis. Bile acid (BA) metabolism plays an important role in removing excess cholesterol from the body. However, studies on the effects of LF on BA metabolism are limited and inconsistent. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were fed with a normal diet (control group), high-fat/high-cholesterol diet containing cholate (HFCCD group), or HFCCD and 1.0% LF in drinking water (LF group) for 8 weeks. Serum and hepatic lipid profiles, and glucose tolerance were measured. Fecal BA composition was determined through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The gene expression of BA synthase in the liver and farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-mediated BA negative feedback regulation pathway in the liver and ileum were analyzed via RNA analysis. RESULTS HFCCD resulted in abnormal cholesterol levels in the serum and liver. LF intervention significantly increased the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level by 24.9% and decreased the hepatic total cholesterol content by 26%. LF treatment significantly increased the BA content per gram by 109.8%, the total amount of BA excretion by 153.5% and conjugated BAs by 87.6% in the feces. Furthermore, LF upregulated the expression of the hepatic sterol 12α-hydroxylase (CYP8B1) gene, which expresses important enzymes in the classical pathway of BA synthesis, and the bile acid-CoA amino acid N-acetyltransferase (BAAT) gene, which is responsible for the formation of conjugated BAs. The FXR-mediated pathways in the enterohepatic axis, including FXR, fibroblast growth factor 15, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4, were inhibited by LF. CONCLUSIONS LF ameliorated hepatic cholesterol deposition in mice fed with a high-fat and high cholesterol diet containing cholate. LF elevated the conjugated BA level, inhibited the ileum FXR and FXR-mediated enterohepatic axis, and increased BA synthesis and excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jie Ling
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yun-Hong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xing Tong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Huan-Huan Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Lin-Xi Yuan
- Jiangsu Bio-Engineering Research Centre of Selenium, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Ling CJ, Min QQ, Yang JR, Zhang Z, Yang HH, Xu JY, Qin LQ. Lactoferrin Alleviates the Progression of Atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− Mice Fed with High-Fat/Cholesterol Diet Through Cholesterol Homeostasis. J Med Food 2019; 22:1000-1008. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jie Ling
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Heath, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qing Min
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Heath, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin-Rong Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Heath, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Heath, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huan-Huan Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Heath, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Heath, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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No Difference in Lactoferrin Levels between Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obese Women. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091976. [PMID: 31443387 PMCID: PMC6770347 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to compare serum lactoferrin concentrations in metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) women. METHODS Three hundred (101 MHO and 199 MUHO) women were recruited to the study. Basic anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Fat mass and visceral adipose tissue mass were assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry scan. Fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lactoferrin levels were determined. RESULTS Lactoferrin levels did not differ between MHO and MUHO subjects (median (interquartile range): 1639 (1055-2396) vs. 1622 (1009-23345) ng/mL). However, in the total population insulin (r = 0.131, p = 0.0234) and hs-CRP (r = 0.165, p = 0.0045) levels were correlated with lactoferrin concentrations. In addition, a weak positive association between serum lactoferrin concentrations and anthropometric parameters was also detected, and predominantly referred to MHO group (body weight: r = 0.231, p = 0.0201; BMI: r = 0.286, p = 0.0037; waist circumference: r = 0.258, p = 0.0092). In addition, serum lactoferrin concentrations were negatively correlated with fasting glucose (r = -0.250, p = 0.0115) and HDL-C levels (r = -0.203, p = 0.0411) in MHO subjects. CONCLUSIONS Lactoferrin levels did not differ between MHO and MUHO women. However, some mild correlations between lactoferrin concentrations and anthropometric and metabolic parameters were observed mostly in MHO subjects.
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Yu XH, Zhang DW, Zheng XL, Tang CK. Cholesterol transport system: An integrated cholesterol transport model involved in atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 73:65-91. [PMID: 30528667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis of most cardiovascular disease (CVD), is closely associated with cholesterol accumulation in the arterial intima. Excessive cholesterol is removed by the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway, representing a major antiatherogenic mechanism. In addition to the RCT, other pathways are required for maintaining the whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. Thus, we propose a working model of integrated cholesterol transport, termed the cholesterol transport system (CTS), to describe body cholesterol metabolism. The novel model not only involves the classical view of RCT but also contains other steps, such as cholesterol absorption in the small intestine, low-density lipoprotein uptake by the liver, and transintestinal cholesterol excretion. Extensive studies have shown that dysfunctional CTS is one of the major causes for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Currently, several drugs are available to improve the CTS efficiently. There are also several therapeutic approaches that have entered into clinical trials and shown considerable promise for decreasing the risk of CVD. In recent years, a variety of novel findings reveal the molecular mechanisms for the CTS and its role in the development of atherosclerosis, thereby providing novel insights into the understanding of whole-body cholesterol transport and metabolism. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in this area with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting the CTS in CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Wang T, Xue C, Zhang T, Wang Y. The improvements of functional ingredients from marine foods in lipid metabolism. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alexander DB, Vogel HJ, Tsuda H. Lactoferrin researchers descend on Nagoya Castle. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 95:1-4. [PMID: 28186858 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans J Vogel
- b Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- c Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Zhang Z, Zhang R, Qin ZZ, Chen JP, Xu JY, Qin LQ. Effects of Chronic Whey Protein Supplementation on Atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 64:143-150. [PMID: 29710032 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.64.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Whey protein is associated with improvement of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate effects of whey protein on atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Male ApoE-/- mice were fed with a high-fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD), or HFCD supplemented with 10% or 20% whey protein for 18 wk. At the end of experiment, serum lipid profiles and inflammatory cytokines were assayed. Livers were examined using HE staining and Oil Red O staining. Aortas were used for en face and cryosection analyses to observe aortic lesions. Western blotting analysis was used to assess relative protein expression of cholesterol metabolism in the liver and aorta. No significant differences were observed in body weight or food intake among the three groups. Liver examination demonstrated decreased lipid droplets and cholesterol content in the whey-protein-supplemented groups. En face lesion of the aorta revealed a 21.51% and 31.78% lesion reduction in the HFCD supplemented with 10% and 20% whey groups, respectively. Decreased lesion was also observed in cryosection analysis. Whey protein significantly increased the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level by 46.43% and 67.86%. The 20% whey protein significantly decreased serum IL-6 (a proinflammatory cytokine) by 70.99% and increased serum IL-10 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine) by 83.35%. Whey protein potently decreased lipogenic enzymes (ACC and FAS) in the liver and NF-κB expression in the liver and aorta. Whey protein significantly increased protein expression of two major cholesterol transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1) in the liver and aorta. Thus, chronic whey protein supplementation can improve HFCD-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE null mice by regulating circulating lipid and inflammatory cytokines and increasing expressions of ABCA1 and ABCG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University
| | - Zhi-Zhen Qin
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University
| | - Jia-Ping Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University
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