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Rizk S, Abdel Moneim AE, Abdel-Gaber RA, Alquraishi MI, Santourlidis S, Dkhil MA. Nephroprotective Efficacy of Echinops spinosus against a Glycerol-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Model. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:41865-41875. [PMID: 37969968 PMCID: PMC10633848 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Nephroprotection or renal rescue is to revive and restore kidney function after damage, with no need for further dialysis. During acute kidney injury (AKI), sudden and recent reductions in kidney functions occur. Causes are multiple, and prompt intervention can be critical to diminish or prevent morbidity. Echinops spinosus (ES) is a curative plant with proven pharmacological and biological effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial competencies. The principal goal of this research is to scrutinize the nephroprotective features of E. spinosa extract (ESE) against glycerol-induced AKI. Male Wistar albino rats were equally divided into five separated groups: negative control rats (vehicle-injected), ESE control rats (ESE-treated rats), positive control rats, glycerol-induced AKI-model rats (single IM injection of 50% glycerol), and 2 groups of diseased rats but pretreated with different concentrations of ESE for 7 days (ESE150 + AKI rats and ESE250 + AKI rats). Kidney tissues were collected and used for histopathology analysis. The relative kidney weight percentage was assessed. ESE effects were investigated via scanning several biomarkers, such as serum urea and creatinine, as kidney function biomarkers. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities were examined as rhabdomyolysis (RM) indicators. Kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were also examined to investigate kidney injury. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic oxidative stress markers were analyzed, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and reduced glutathione GSH. Proinflammatory cytokine [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β)] and the renal proapoptotic protein (Bax) and antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2) levels were evaluated. Statistical analysis for the resulting data revealed that ESE pretreatment turned AKI-induced biological antioxidant levels to an extent comparable to normal results. Furthermore, ESE decreased kidney function markers and RM-related biomarkers (LDH, CK, Kim-1, and NGAL) compared to those in untreated AKI-model rats. ESE treatment dropped the apoptotic renal Bax levels, enhanced antiapoptotic Bcl-2 manufacture, and disallowed the release of IL-1β and TNF-α. This study revealed the protective effect of ESE as therapeutic medicine against AKI-encouraged oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. It can be effectively used as adjuvant therapy, helping in renal rescue, and for kidney healing in cases with risk factors of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rizk
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 4034572, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Esmat Abdel Moneim
- Department
of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 4034572, Egypt
| | | | - Mohammed I. Alquraishi
- Department
of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simeon Santourlidis
- Epigenetics
Core Laboratory, Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell
Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Mohamed A. Dkhil
- Department
of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 4034572, Egypt
- Applied Science
Research Center, Applied Science Private
University, Amman 11937, Jordan
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Hasan HS, Shakya AK, Al-Jaber HI, Abu-Sal HE, Barhoumi LM. Exploring Echinops polyceras Boiss. from Jordan: Essential Oil Composition, COX, Protein Denaturation Inhibitory Power and Antimicrobial Activity of the Alcoholic Extract. Molecules 2023; 28:4238. [PMID: 37241978 PMCID: PMC10223352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we present the first detailed analysis of the hydro-distilled essential oil (HDEO) of the inflorescence heads of Echinops polyceras Boiss. (Asteraceae) from the flora of Jordan, offering observations at different growth (pre-flowering, full-flowering and post-flowering) stages. Additionally, we investigated the methanolic extract obtained from the aerial parts of the plant material at the full flowering stage in order to determine its inhibitory activity in terms of COX and protein denaturation and evaluate its antimicrobial effects against S. aureus (Gram-positive) and E. coli (Gram-negative) bacteria. Performing GC/MS analysis of HDEO, obtained from the fresh inflorescence heads at the different growth stages, resulted in the identification of 192 constituents. The main class of compounds detected in these three stages comprised aliphatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, which amounted to 50.04% (pre-flower), 40.28% (full-flower) and 41.34% (post-flower) of the total composition. The oils also contained appreciable amounts of oxygenated terpenoids, primarily sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids. The pre-flowering stage was dominated by (2E)-hexenal (8.03%) in addition to the oxygenated diterpene (6E,10E)-pseudo phytol (7.54%). The full-flowering stage primarily contained (6E,10E)-pseudo phytol (7.84%), β-bisabolene (7.53%, SH) and the diterpene hydrocarbon dolabradiene (5.50%). The major constituents detected in the HDEO obtained at the post-flowering stage included the oxygenated sesquiterpenoid intermedeol (5.53%), the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (E)-caryophyllene (5.01%) and (6E,10E)-pseudo phytol (4.47%). The methanolic extract obtained from air-dried aerial parts of E. polyceras displayed more COX-2 inhibition than COX-1 inhibition at a concentration level of 200 µg/mL. The extract exhibited a capacity to inhibit protein denaturation that was comparable with respect to the activity of diclofenac sodium and displayed moderate levels of antimicrobial activity against both bacterial species. The current results demonstrate the need to perform further detailed phytochemical investigations to isolate and characterize active constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem S. Hasan
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan;
| | - Ashok K. Shakya
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Hala I. Al-Jaber
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan (L.M.B.)
| | - Hana E. Abu-Sal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan (L.M.B.)
| | - Lina M. Barhoumi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan (L.M.B.)
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The Neuroprotective Effect Associated with Echinops spinosus in an Acute Seizure Model Induced by Pentylenetetrazole. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:273-283. [PMID: 36074199 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Echinops spinosus (ES) is a medicinal plant with a wide range of pharmacological and biological effects. It is a medicinal herb having a variety of therapeutic characteristics, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial capabilities. The primary goal of this research is to investigate the neuroprotective and anticonvulsant characteristics of E. spinosa extract (ESE) against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced acute seizures. Negative control rats, ESE treatment rats, PTZ acute seizure model rats, ESE + PTZ rats, and Diazepam + PTZ rats were used in the study. The rats were given a 7-day treatment. ESE pretreatment elevated the latency to seizure onset and lowered seizure duration after PTZ injection. By reducing Bax levels and enhancing antiapoptotic Bcl-2 production, ESE prevented the release of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cyclooxygenase-2, as well as preventing hippocampal cell death after PTZ injection. ESE corrected the PTZ-induced imbalance in gamma-aminobutyric acid levels and increased the enzyme activity of Na+/K+-ATPase. Echinops spinosus is a potent neuromodulatory, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic plant that could be employed as a natural anticonvulsant in the future.
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Osman W, Mostafa-He G, Osman A, Rashed L, Labib D. Effect of Arabic Gum (Acacia senegal) on Paracetamol-Induced Chronic Nephrotoxicity in Albino Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1593.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Othman MS, Khaled AM, Al-Bagawi AH, Fareid MA, Hameed RA, Zahra FAA, Moneim AEA. Echinops spinosus effect against diabetes and its hepatorenal complications: total extract and flavonoids fraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:38606-38617. [PMID: 35083696 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The perennial plant Echinops spinosus (ES) grows in the Hail area of Saudi Arabia, and its traditional formulations are often employed in folk medicine. The goal of this study is to identify the active components present in Hail Echinops spinosus and to investigate the anti-diabetic properties of both ES total extract (ESTE) and its high flavonoids fraction (ESHFF) in experimental diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection in rats. Forty-two rats were divided into six groups. Diabetes was induced using STZ (55 mg/kg). Seven days after STZ administration, the diabetic animals were treated daily with ESTE, ESHFF, or metformin (MET) as a standard anti-diabetic drug for 28 days. Blood and tissues samples were collected for biochemical, molecular, and histological investigations. Both ESTE and ESHFF demonstrated anti-diabetic properties, as evidenced by lowering glucose levels and increasing the levels of insulin, insulin receptor expression rate, and glycogen synthesis. Additionally, ESTE as well as ESHFF alleviated diabetic complications in the kidneys and liver by decreasing oxidative stress, modulating inflammatory mediators, and suppressing the apoptotic cascade along with correcting diabetic dyslipidemia. It could be deduced that Hail ES extracts could play a role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and diabetes-related lesions as well as oxidative damage in hepatic and renal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Othman
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt.
| | - Azza M Khaled
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal H Al-Bagawi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ha'il, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Fareid
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda A Hameed
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatama A Abu Zahra
- Medical Ain Shams Research Institute-Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Emam MA, Khattab HI, Hegazy MG. Assessment of anticancer activity of Pulicaria undulata on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line. Tumour Biol 2019; 41:1010428319880080. [PMID: 31603389 DOI: 10.1177/1010428319880080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for new sources of safe nutraceuticals antitumor drugs is an important issue. Consequentially, this study designed to assess the antitumor activity of Pulicaria undulata extract in vitro in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line. Aerial parts of P. undulata plants were collected, used for phytochemical analysis, and assessed for anticancer activity. The antitumor activity was evaluated through studying the cell viability and apoptotic pathway. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry phytochemical analysis revealed that P. undulata is a promising new source of several known antioxidant and antitumor compounds which could participate in drug development and exploration of alternative strategies to the harmful synthetic antitumor drugs. P. undulata stifled HepG2 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, P. undulata tempted substantial apoptosis in HepG2 cells and enhanced the expression of miR-34a. However, the mRNA expression level of antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 was markedly decreased by P. undulata treatment. Moreover, P. undulata increased the protein expression of proapoptotic p53 and caspase 3/9 with reducing B-cell lymphoma-2 protein expression level. Thus, P. undulata induced apoptosis in the HepG2 cells by overexpression of miR-34a which regulates p53/B-cell lymphoma-2/caspases signaling pathway. These findings were well appreciated with morphological studies of cells treated with P. undulata. In conclusion, P. undulata could be a probable candidate agent for the initiation of cell apoptosis in HepG2 and thereby can serve as promising therapeutic agent for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma which should attract further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Emam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hemmat I Khattab
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ga Hegazy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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