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Villar-Patiño G, Camacho-Rea MDC, Olvera-García ME, Baltazar-Vázquez JC, Gómez-Verduzco G, Téllez G, Labastida A, Ramírez-Pérez AH. Effect of an Alliaceae Encapsulated Extract on Growth Performance, Gut Health, and Intestinal Microbiota in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Eimeria spp. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3884. [PMID: 38136921 PMCID: PMC10740721 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of an Alliaceae encapsulated extract (AE-e) on daily gain (ADG), feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), oocysts per gram of feces (OPG), intestinal lesion (LS), and microbiota composition in broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. A total of 4800 one day Cobb-500 were allotted into 10 treatment groups with 12 replicates of 40 birds in a 2 × 4 + 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was non-challenged (NC) or challenged (C), the second was four levels of AE-e added in the basal diet, 0 (AE0), 250 (AE250), 500 (AE500), and 750 mg·kg-1 (AE750), plus two ionophore controls, non-challenged (NC-Ion) and challenged (C-Ion). No interactions were observed between factors (NC0, NC250, NC500, NC750, C0, C250, C500, and C750), while C-Ion improved FCR at 21 d. The challenge affected negatively ADG and FCR and promoted enteropathogens in cecum. AE750 improved FCR in the finisher and cumulative phases, while C-Ion had fewer total OPG than C0 and C250. Likewise, at 21d, C250, C500, and C-Ion had fewer LS than C0, while at 28 d, C750 showed lower than C-Ion. In the cecum microbiota, C500 had more Ruminococcus, Firmicutes b, and Intestinimonas than C-Ion. In summary, AE-e showed beneficial results in broilers infected with Eimeria spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Villar-Patiño
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud y de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
- Grupo Nutec, Avenida de las Fuentes No. 14, Parque Industrial Bernardo Quintana, El Marqués 76246, Querétaro, Mexico;
| | - María del Carmen Camacho-Rea
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Myrna Elena Olvera-García
- Grupo Nutec, Avenida de las Fuentes No. 14, Parque Industrial Bernardo Quintana, El Marqués 76246, Querétaro, Mexico;
| | - Julio César Baltazar-Vázquez
- Specialized Animal Nutrition Research Network, Grupo Nutec, La Valla, San Juan del Río 76814, Querétaro, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela Gómez-Verduzco
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Guillermo Téllez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Aurora Labastida
- OMICs Analysis, Camino a Xilotepetl No. 45, Tepoztlán 62520, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Aurora Hilda Ramírez-Pérez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
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Villar-Patiño G, Camacho-Rea MDC, Olvera-García ME, Soria-Soria A, Baltazar-Vázquez JC, Gómez-Verduzco G, Solano L, Téllez G, Ramírez-Pérez AH. The Effect of Encapsulated Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTSO) on Apparent Ileal Digestibility and Productive Performance in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061123. [PMID: 36978663 PMCID: PMC10044627 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of different dietary doses of encapsulated propyl propane thiosulfonate (Pe-PTSO) on the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients and productive performance in broilers. A total of 100 one-day-old Cobb 500 were housed in battery cages for 20 days. At 10 days of age, the birds were assigned to one of five diets: negative control (P0), 250 mg/kg of Pe-PTSO (P250), 500 mg/kg of Pe-PTSO (P500), 750 mg/kg of Pe-PTSO (P750), and positive control, nicarbazin-narasin (ION). Titanium dioxide was the external marker, which was added to the diets from day 17 to 20. In the birds fed the P250 diet, there was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in the AID values for amino acids and energy compared to those that consumed the P0 diet. Furthermore, the P250 diet significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) the average daily weight gain compared to the P0 diet. No significant differences were observed between treatments in average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. In summary, the inclusion of 250 mg of encapsulated PTSO per kg in broiler chickens diet improved the digestibility of amino acids and energy, as well as weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Villar-Patiño
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud y de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Grupo Nutec, El Marqués, Querétaro 76246, Mexico
| | - María Del Carmen Camacho-Rea
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Gabriela Gómez-Verduzco
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Solano
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Téllez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Aurora Hilda Ramírez-Pérez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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García-Nicolás M, Pastor-Belda M, Campillo N, Rodríguez-Sojo MJ, Ruiz-Malagón AJ, Hidalgo-García L, Abad P, de la Torre JM, Guillamón E, Baños A, Gálvez J, Viñas P, Arroyo-Manzanares N. Analytical Platform for the Study of Metabolic Pathway of Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTSO) from Allium spp. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040823. [PMID: 36832898 PMCID: PMC9957255 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work is focused on the development of an analytical platform to elucidate the metabolic pathway of PTSO from onion, an organosulfur compound well-known for its functional and technological properties and its potential application in animal and human nutrition. This analytical platform consisted of the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole with time-of-flight MS (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) in order to monitor volatile and non-volatile compounds derived from the PTSO. For the extraction of the compounds of interest, two different sample treatments were developed: liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) for GC-MS and UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis, respectively. Once the analytical platform was optimised and validated, an in vivo study was planned to elucidate PTSO metabolisation, revealing the presence of dipropyl disulfide (DPDS) in liver samples with concentrations between 0.11 and 0.61 µg g-1. The DPDS maximum concentration in the liver was observed at 0.5 h after the intake. DPDS was also present in all plasma samples with concentrations between 2.1 and 2.4 µg mL-1. In regard to PTSO, it was only found in plasma at times above 5 h (0.18 µg mL-1). Both PTSO and DPDS were excreted via urine 24 h after ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Nicolás
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Pastor-Belda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Sojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagón
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Hidalgo-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Paloma Abad
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Manuel de la Torre
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Campus of Lagunillas, Universidad de Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Enrique Guillamón
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Fuente Nueva s/n, E-19071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Baños
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Fuente Nueva s/n, E-19071 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Zhu L, Andersen-Civil AIS, Castro-Meija JL, Nielsen DS, Blanchard A, Olsen JE, Thamsborg SM, Williams AR. Garlic-Derived Metabolites Exert Antioxidant Activity, Modulate Gut Microbiota Composition and Limit Citrobacter rodentium Infection in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102033. [PMID: 36290756 PMCID: PMC9598726 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The garlic-derived compounds propyl propane thiosulfinate (PTS) and propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) are metabolites with putative health benefits against intestinal inflammation that may be related to their antioxidant activity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and whether PTS-PTSO can promote gut health by altering the microbiota and exert protection against enteric pathogens needs further investigation. Here, we explored the antioxidant activity of PTS-PTSO in murine macrophages in vitro, and in an in vivo model of bacterial infection with the bacterial pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. PTS-PTSO attenuated reactive oxygen species in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages in a nuclear factor erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent manner, decreased nitric oxide levels both in macrophages in vitro and in the sera of mice fed PTS-PTSO, and had putatively beneficial effects on the commensal gut microbiota. Importantly, PTS-PTSO decreased faecal C. rodentium counts, concomitant with upregulation of Nrf2-related genes in colon tissue. Thus, PTS-PTSO mediates Nrf2-mediated antioxidant activity and modulates gut microbiota, which may protect the host against C. rodentium colonization. Our results provide further insight into how PTS-PTSO and related bioactive dietary compounds may reduce enteric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhu
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Audrey I. S. Andersen-Civil
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Dennis S. Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - John E. Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stig M. Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andrew R. Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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In Vitro Digestion Assays Using Dynamic Models for Essential Minerals in Brazilian Goat Cheeses. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhu L, Myhill LJ, Andersen-Civil AIS, Thamsborg SM, Blanchard A, Williams AR. Garlic-derived organosulfur compounds regulate metabolic and immune pathways in macrophages and attenuate intestinal inflammation in mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101004. [PMID: 35107883 PMCID: PMC9286605 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Scope: Garlic is a source of bioactive phytonutrients that may have anti‐inflammatory or immunomodulatory properties. The mechanism(s) underlying the bioactivity of these compounds and their ability to regulate responses to enteric infections remains unclear. Methods and Results: This study investigates if a garlic‐derived preparation (PTSO‐PTS) containing two organosulfur metabolites, propyl‐propane thiosulfonate (PTSO), and propyl‐propane thiosulfinate (PTS), regulate inflammatory responses in murine macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) in vitro, as well as in a model of enteric parasite‐induced inflammation. PTSO‐PTS decreases lipopolysaccharide‐induced secretion of TNFα, IL‐6, and IL‐27 in macrophages. RNA‐sequencing demonstrates that PTSO‐PTS strongly suppresses pathways related to immune and inflammatory signaling. PTSO‐PTS induces the expression of a number of genes involved in antioxidant responses in IEC during exposure to antigens from the parasite Trichuris muris. In vivo, PTSO‐PTS does not affect T. muris establishment or intestinal T‐cell responses but significantly alters cecal transcriptomic responses. Notably, a reduction in T. muris‐induced expression of Tnf, Saa2, and Nos2 is observed. Conclusion: Garlic‐derived organosulfur compounds exert anti‐inflammatory effects in macrophages and IEC, and regulate gene expression during intestinal infection. These compounds and related organic molecules may thus hold potential as functional food components to improve gut health in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhu
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Laura J Myhill
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Audrey I S Andersen-Civil
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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7
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An Overview of the Sorption Studies of Contaminants on Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Microplastics in the Marine Environment. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9040445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Marine pollution is one of the biggest environmental problems, mainly due to single-use or disposable plastic waste fragmenting into microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) and entering oceans from the coasts together with human-made MPs. A rapidly growing worry concerning environmental and human safety has stimulated research interest in the potential risks induced by the chemicals associated with MPs/NPs. In this framework, the present review analyzes the recent advances in adsorption and desorption studies of different contaminants species, both organic and metallic, on MPs made of Poly(Ethylene terephthalate). The choice of PET is motivated by its great diffusion among plastic items and, unfortunately, also in marine plastic pollution. Due to the ubiquitous presence of PET MPS/NPs, the interest in its role as a vector of contaminants has abruptly increased in the last three years, as demonstrated by the very high number of recent papers on sorption studies in different environments. The present review relies on a chemical engineering approach aimed at providing a deeper overview of both the sorption mechanisms of organic and metal contaminants to PET MPs/NPs and the most used adsorption kinetic models to predict the mass transfer process from the liquid phase to the solid adsorbent.
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Rabelo-Ruiz M, Teso-Pérez C, Peralta-Sánchez JM, Ariza JJ, Martín-Platero AM, Casabuena-Rincón Ó, Vázquez-Chas P, Guillamón E, Aguinaga-Casañas MA, Maqueda M, Valdivia E, Baños A, Martínez-Bueno M. Allium Extract Implements Weaned Piglet's Productive Parameters by Modulating Distal Gut Microbiota. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030269. [PMID: 33800152 PMCID: PMC8001633 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has risen as a global threat for human health. One of the leading factors for this emergence has been the massive use of antibiotics growth-promoter (AGPs) in livestock, enhancing the spread of AMR among human pathogenic bacteria. Thus, several alternatives such as probiotics, prebiotics, or phytobiotics have been proposed for using in animal feeding to maintain or improve productive levels while diminishing the negative effects of AGPs. Reducing the use of antibiotics is a key aspect in the pig rearing for production reasons, as well as for the production of high-quality pork, acceptable to consumers. Here we analyze the potential use of Allium extract as an alternative. In this study, weaned piglets were fed with Allium extract supplementation and compared with control and antibiotic (colistin and zinc oxide) treated piglets. The effects of Allium extract were tested by analyzing the gut microbiome and measuring different productive parameters. Alpha diversity indices decreased significantly in Allium extract group in caecum and colon. Regarding beta diversity, significant differences between treatments appeared only in caecum and colon. Allium extract and antibiotic piglets showed better values of body weight (BW), average daily weight gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than control group. These results indicate that productive parameters can be implemented by modifying the gut microbiota through phytobiotics such as Allium extract, which will drive to drop the use of antibiotics in piglet diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rabelo-Ruiz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.T.-P.); (J.M.P.-S.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudia Teso-Pérez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.T.-P.); (J.M.P.-S.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Juan Manuel Peralta-Sánchez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.T.-P.); (J.M.P.-S.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Juan José Ariza
- Departamento de Microbiología y Biotecnología, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain; (J.J.A.); (E.G.); (M.A.A.-C.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Manuel Martín-Platero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.T.-P.); (J.M.P.-S.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Óscar Casabuena-Rincón
- IMASDE AGROALIMENTARIA S.L., 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain; (Ó.C.-R.); (P.V.-C.)
| | - Patricia Vázquez-Chas
- IMASDE AGROALIMENTARIA S.L., 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain; (Ó.C.-R.); (P.V.-C.)
| | - Enrique Guillamón
- Departamento de Microbiología y Biotecnología, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain; (J.J.A.); (E.G.); (M.A.A.-C.); (A.B.)
| | - María Arántzazu Aguinaga-Casañas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Biotecnología, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain; (J.J.A.); (E.G.); (M.A.A.-C.); (A.B.)
| | - Mercedes Maqueda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.T.-P.); (J.M.P.-S.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Eva Valdivia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.T.-P.); (J.M.P.-S.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Baños
- Departamento de Microbiología y Biotecnología, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain; (J.J.A.); (E.G.); (M.A.A.-C.); (A.B.)
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.T.-P.); (J.M.P.-S.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Rabelo-Ruiz M, Ariza-Romero JJ, Zurita-González MJ, Martín-Platero AM, Baños A, Maqueda M, Valdivia E, Martínez-Bueno M, Peralta-Sánchez JM. Allium-Based Phytobiotic Enhances Egg Production in Laying Hens through Microbial Composition Changes in Ileum and Cecum. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:448. [PMID: 33572138 PMCID: PMC7915398 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytobiotics (bioactive compounds extracted from plants) are one of the explored alternatives to antibiotics in poultry and livestock due to their antimicrobial activity and its positive effects on gut microbiota and productive properties. In this study, we supplemented a product based on garlic and onion compounds in the diet to laying hens at the beginning of their productive life (from 16 to 20 weeks post-hatching). The experimental group showed a significant increase in the number of eggs laid and in their size, produced in one month compared to the control. This increase in production was accompanied by microbiota changes in the ileum and cecum by means of high throughput sequencing analyses. These bacterial shifts in the ileum were mainly the result of compositional changes in the rare biosphere (unweighted UniFrac), while in the cecum, treatment affected both majority and minority bacterial groups (weighted and unweighted UniFrac). These changes in the microbiota suggest an improvement in food digestibility. The relative abundance of Lactococcus in the ileum and Lactobacillus in the cecum increased significantly in the experimental group. The relative abundance of these bacterial genera are known to have positive effects on the hosts. These results are very promising for the use of these compounds in poultry for short periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rabelo-Ruiz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-R.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Juan José Ariza-Romero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Biotecnología, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain; (J.J.A.-R.); (M.J.Z.-G.); (A.B.)
| | - María Jesús Zurita-González
- Departamento de Microbiología y Biotecnología, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain; (J.J.A.-R.); (M.J.Z.-G.); (A.B.)
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanotaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario De Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Manuel Martín-Platero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-R.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Alberto Baños
- Departamento de Microbiología y Biotecnología, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain; (J.J.A.-R.); (M.J.Z.-G.); (A.B.)
| | - Mercedes Maqueda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-R.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Eva Valdivia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-R.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-R.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Peralta-Sánchez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-R.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
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Microplastics as Vectors of Chromium and Lead during Dynamic Simulation of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12114792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human body is exposed to the ingestion of microplastics that are often contaminated with other substances, which can be released into our body. In this work, a dynamic in-vitro simulator of the gastrointestinal tract based on a membrane reactor has been used for the first time to study the release, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) from polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics previously contaminated in the laboratory. The results showed that 23.11% of the initial Cr and 23.17% of the initial Pb present in microplastics were able to cross the tubular membrane, simulating the intestinal absorption phase. The pH evolution during the gastric phase and the duodenal phase, the interaction mechanisms with physiological fluids, and the properties of the polymers, such as specific surface, porosity, and/or surface degradation, affected the kinetics of release from the microplastics and the behavior of both heavy metals. Cr was released very early in the gastric phase, but also began simultaneously to precipitate quite fast, while Pb was released slower and in less quantity than Cr, and did not precipitate until the beginning of the duodenal phase. This study shows, for the first time, how useful the dynamic gastrointestinal simulator is to study the behavior of microplastics and some problematic heavy metals along the human gastrointestinal tract, and can serve as a reference for future studies focused on the effects of these substances in the human body.
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