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Marques TC, Lage CFA, Bruno DR, Fausak ED, Endres MI, Ferreira FC, Lima FS. Geographical trends for automatic milking systems research in non-pasture-based dairy farms: A scoping review. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7725-7736. [PMID: 37641343 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Automatic milking system (AMS) adoption in the United States is trending upward, with issues such as lower availability and increased cost of labor being factors frequently listed as motives for AMS implementation. In addition, more interest in precision dairy farming by the new generation of farmers may also help increase AMS adoption. The objective of this scoping review was to characterize the nature of the literature investigating non-pasture-based AMS and the opportunities and challenges for future research. The eligibility criteria included studies published in or after the year 2000, with full text in English, of at least 500 words, examining various outcomes related to AMS in non-pasture-based dairy farms. Six electronic databases were searched: Biosis (Web of Science), CAB Abstracts (CAB Direct), Medline (PubMed), PubAg, AGRIS (FAO), and Scopus (Elsevier). The review focused on studies with objectives, characteristics, farms, and AMS information. A total of 4,292 titles and abstracts were screened, and 536 studies were finally included. Most of the studies were conducted in Europe (73.5%), among commercial herds (67.9%), comprising Holstein cows (57.7%), using Lely and DeLaval brands (45.4% vs. 39.7%), with free-flow traffic (52.7%). The main research topics investigated were milk production, milk composition, and AMS efficiency, followed by behavior and welfare, health disorders (especially mastitis), and nutrition in Europe and other regions. At the same time, in the United States, trends were similar, except for nutrition. Since 2016, there has been an increased interest in studies on energy and water consumption, technological development, environment (enteric emissions), reproduction, genetics, and longevity or culling. However, the small number of studies and unclear characterization of what is optimum for reproductive management, other health disorders, economics, and water and energy consumption suggest a need for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Marques
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - C F A Lage
- Cornell Cooperative Extension, Cornell University, Bath, NY 14810
| | - D R Bruno
- Cooperative Extension, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Fresno, CA 93701
| | - E D Fausak
- Carlson Health Sciences Library, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - M I Endres
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - F C Ferreira
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.
| | - F S Lima
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.
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McCubbin KD, de Jong E, Brummelhuis CM, Bodaneze J, Biesheuvel M, Kelton DF, Uyama T, Dufour S, Sanchez J, Rizzo D, Léger D, Barkema HW. Antimicrobial and teat sealant use and selection criteria at dry-off on Canadian dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7104-7116. [PMID: 37500435 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Infections with antimicrobial resistant pathogens are a major threat to human and animal health worldwide. Further, reduction of livestock-associated antimicrobial use (AMU) is often identified as an area of focus. Selective dry cow therapy (DCT) warrants consideration as an important way to decrease AMU on Canadian dairy farms. In addition, teat sealants (TS) are a nonantimicrobial alternative for prevention of intramammary infection during the dry period. Therefore, objectives of this study were to determine how antimicrobials and TS are used at dry-off on Canadian dairy farms to determine selective DCT uptake and enacted selection protocols. It was expected that these data will provide a baseline understanding of DCT practices and highlight areas for future intervention to further reduce AMU. An observational study was conducted utilizing 2 in-person questionnaires conducted between July 2019 and September 2021 on 144 participating dairy farms in 5 Canadian provinces (British Columbia = 30, Alberta = 30, Ontario = 31, Québec = 29, and Nova Scotia = 24). Overall, 45 farms (31%) reported adopting selective DCT, 95 (66%) enacted blanket DCT, and 4 (3%) did not provide antimicrobial DCT. Farms enacting selective DCT had approximately 50% less intramammary antimicrobials used at dry-off compared with blanket DCT farms. Cow somatic cell count history was the most common criterion for selective DCT decision-making, followed by previous clinical mastitis history, bacteriological culture, and milk production. A slight majority of farms (56%) applied TS to all cows at dry-off, whereas 17 farms (12%) used TS selectively, and 46 farms (32%) did not use TS. Larger herds more often used TS, and farms with an automatic milking system more often used TS selectively than applied to all cows. Results highlighted the variability in antimicrobial treatment and TS use protocols at dry-off on Canadian dairy farms, and the potential for further antimicrobial reduction with increased adoption of selective DCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayley D McCubbin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; One Health at UCalgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1.
| | - Ellen de Jong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Carmen M Brummelhuis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Bodaneze
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Marit Biesheuvel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - David F Kelton
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Tamaki Uyama
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Simon Dufour
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 2M2
| | - Javier Sanchez
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Daniella Rizzo
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Guelph, ON, Canada N1H 8J1
| | - David Léger
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Guelph, ON, Canada N1H 8J1
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; One Health at UCalgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
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France AE, Dufour S, Kelton DF, Barkema HW, Kurban D, DeVries TJ. Effect of dry-off management on milking behavior, milk yield, and somatic cell count of dairy cows milked in automated milking systems. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3544-3558. [PMID: 35094862 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk production may be reduced before dry-off to decrease the risk of cows developing intramammary infections during the dry period. Such reductions in milk may be possible in automated milking systems (AMS) where milking frequency and feed allocation at the AMS can be controlled at the cow level. This study investigated the effect of dry-off management of cows milked in AMS on milk yield, milking behavior, and somatic cell count (SCC). Using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, applied from d 14 to 1 before dry-off, 445 cows from 5 commercial dairy farms in Quebec, Canada, were assigned within farm to either (1) reduced feed [RF; allowed a maximum of 0.75 kg/d of AMS pellet for the first week (14 to 8 d before dry-off) of treatment, and 0.50 kg/d for the second week (7 to 1 d before dry-off) of treatment], or (2) nonreduced feed (NF; allowed up to 2 kg/d of AMS pellet), and either (1) reduced milking (RM; reduced to 2 milkings/d or as many times as required to yield 17 kg/milking), or (2) nonreduced milking (NM; allowed up to 6 AMS milkings/d) and no maximum production. Feed and milking behavior data, as well as milk yield and SCC were collected from the AMS software. The RF cows had lower AMS feed delivered during the treatment period, as per the experimental design. Across the treatment period, the NF-NM cows had the highest milking frequency (2.7 times/d), followed by the RF-NM cows (2.4 times/d), and then both of the RM groups (1.8 times/d), which did not differ from each other. All cows, except the NF-NM cows, were gradually milked less frequently as dry-off approached. Across the entire 2-wk treatment period before dry-off, cows with RM allowance experienced a higher reduction in milk yield compared with the cows with no milking allowance restrictions (-4.8 vs. -3.6 kg). Similarly, cows with a RF allocation tended to have a higher reduction in milk yield than cows with NF (-4.6 vs. -3.7 kg). As result, those cows with both reduced milking permissions and feed allocation at the AMS experienced the greatest drop in milk production before dry-off. There were no differences between treatments for milking frequency or yield in the next lactation. Somatic cell score (calculated from SCC) was not different between treatments in the 2-wk or day before dry-off, nor in the first month after calving. Overall, these data suggest that reducing both milking frequency and feed quantity in the AMS is the most efficient method to decrease milk yield before dry-off, without negatively influencing milking frequency or yield in the next lactation, as well as without affecting milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E France
- Dept. of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - S Dufour
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - D F Kelton
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada; Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - H W Barkema
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada; Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 1NA, Canada
| | - D Kurban
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - T J DeVries
- Dept. of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada.
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