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Mukherjee K, Rahman A, Chakraborty J, Pakrashi S. Isolation and characterization of mercury and multidrug-resistant Citrobacter freundii strains from tannery effluents in Kolkata, India. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:362. [PMID: 39066800 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is one of the most potent toxic heavy metals that distresses livestock, humans, and ecological health. Owing to uncontrolled exposure to untreated tannery industrial effluents, metals such as Hg are increasing in nature and are, therefore, becoming a global concern. As a result, understanding the thriving microflora in that severe condition and their characteristics becomes immensely important. During the course of this study, two Hg-resistant bacteria were isolated from tannery wastewater effluents from leather factories in Kolkata, India, which were able to tolerate 2.211 × 10- 3 M (600 µg/ml) Hg. 16 S rDNA analysis revealed strong sequence homology with Citrobacter freundii, were named as BNC22A and BNC22C for this study. In addition they showed high tolerance to nickel (Ni) and Chromium (Cr) at 6.31 × 10- 3 M (1500 µg/ml) and 6.792 × 10- 3 M (2000 µg/ml) respectively. However, both the isolates were sensitive to arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd). Furthermore, their antibiotic sensitivity profiles reveal a concerning trend towards resistance to multiple drugs. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in healthcare systems and agriculture has been identified as two of the main reasons for the decline in efficacy of antibiotics. Though their ability to produce lipase makes them industrially potent organisms, their competence to resist several antibiotics and metals that are toxic makes this study immensely relevant. In addition, their ability to negate heavy metal toxicity makes them potential candidates for bioremediation. Finally, the green mung bean seed germination test showed a significant favourable effect of BNC22A and BNC22C against Hg-stimulated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700064, India
| | - Abdul Rahman
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Joyeeta Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, NH 12, Haringhata, 741249, India
| | - Sourav Pakrashi
- Department of Microbiology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700064, India.
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2
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Azizi N, Eslami R, Goudarzi S, Younesi H, Zarrin H. A Review of Current Achievements and Recent Challenges in Bacterial Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Production and Potential Applications. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2679-2700. [PMID: 38656151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Using petroleum-derived plastics has contributed significantly to environmental issues, such as greenhouse gas emissions and the accumulation of plastic waste in ecosystems. Researchers have focused on developing ecofriendly polymers as alternatives to traditional plastics to address these concerns. This review provides a comprehensive overview of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs), biodegradable biopolymers produced by microorganisms that show promise in replacing conventional plastics. The review discusses the classification, properties, and potential substrates of less studied mcl-PHAs, highlighting their greater ductility and flexibility compared to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), a well-known but brittle PHA. The authors summarize existing research to emphasize the potential applications of mcl-PHAs in biomedicine, packaging, biocomposites, water treatment, and energy. Future research should focus on improving production techniques, ensuring economic viability, and addressing challenges associated with industrial implementation. Investigating the biodegradability, stability, mechanical properties, durability, and cost-effectiveness of mcl-PHA-based products compared to petroleum-based counterparts is crucial. The future of mcl-PHAs looks promising, with continued research expected to optimize production techniques, enhance material properties, and expand applications. Interdisciplinary collaborations among microbiologists, engineers, chemists, and materials scientists will drive progress in this field. In conclusion, this review serves as a valuable resource to understand mcl-PHAs as sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics. However, further research is needed to optimize production methods, evaluate long-term ecological impacts, and assess the feasibility and viability in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Azizi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Research and Innovation Department, Sensofine Inc., Innovation Boost Zone (IBZ), Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C2, Canada
| | - Reza Eslami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Research and Innovation Department, Sensofine Inc., Innovation Boost Zone (IBZ), Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C2, Canada
| | - Shaghayegh Goudarzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Habibollah Younesi
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Nour 64414-356, Iran
| | - Hadis Zarrin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Research and Innovation Department, Sensofine Inc., Innovation Boost Zone (IBZ), Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C2, Canada
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Zhou W, Bergsma S, Colpa DI, Euverink GJW, Krooneman J. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) synthesis and degradation by microbes and applications towards a circular economy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 341:118033. [PMID: 37156023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Overusing non-degradable plastics causes a series of environmental issues, inferring a switch to biodegradable plastics. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising biodegradable plastics that can be produced by many microbes using various substrates from waste feedstock. However, the cost of PHAs production is higher compared to fossil-based plastics, impeding further industrial production and applications. To provide a guideline for reducing costs, the potential cheap waste feedstock for PHAs production have been summarized in this work. Besides, to increase the competitiveness of PHAs in the mainstream plastics economy, the influencing parameters of PHAs production have been discussed. The PHAs degradation has been reviewed related to the type of bacteria, their metabolic pathways/enzymes, and environmental conditions. Finally, the applications of PHAs in different fields have been presented and discussed to induce comprehension on the practical potentials of PHAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Products and Processes for Biotechnology, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Bergsma
- Products and Processes for Biotechnology, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dana Irene Colpa
- Products and Processes for Biotechnology, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Willem Euverink
- Products and Processes for Biotechnology, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke Krooneman
- Products and Processes for Biotechnology, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Bioconversion and Fermentation Technology, Research Centre Biobased Economy, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Mohanan N, Wong MCH, Budisa N, Levin DB. Polymer-Degrading Enzymes of Pseudomonas chloroaphis PA23 Display Broad Substrate Preferences. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054501. [PMID: 36901931 PMCID: PMC10003648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many bacterial lipases and PHA depolymerases have been identified, cloned, and characterized, there is very little information on the potential application of lipases and PHA depolymerases, especially intracellular enzymes, for the degradation of polyester polymers/plastics. We identified genes encoding an intracellular lipase (LIP3), an extracellular lipase (LIP4), and an intracellular PHA depolymerase (PhaZ) in the genome of the bacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis PA23. We cloned these genes into Escherichia coli and then expressed, purified, and characterized the biochemistry and substrate preferences of the enzymes they encode. Our data suggest that the LIP3, LIP4, and PhaZ enzymes differ significantly in their biochemical and biophysical properties, structural-folding characteristics, and the absence or presence of a lid domain. Despite their different properties, the enzymes exhibited broad substrate specificity and were able to hydrolyze both short- and medium-chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), para-nitrophenyl (pNP) alkanoates, and polylactic acid (PLA). Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analyses of the polymers treated with LIP3, LIP4, and PhaZ revealed significant degradation of both the biodegradable as well as the synthetic polymers poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and polyethylene succinate (PES).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Mohanan
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Michael C.-H. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Biocatalysis Group, Technical University of Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 10, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: or (N.B.); (D.B.L.); Tel.: +1-204-474-7429
| | - David B. Levin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada
- Correspondence: or (N.B.); (D.B.L.); Tel.: +1-204-474-7429
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Mohanan N, Wong CH, Budisa N, Levin DB. Characterization of Polymer Degrading Lipases, LIP1 and LIP2 From Pseudomonas chlororaphis PA23. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:854298. [PMID: 35519608 PMCID: PMC9065602 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.854298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The outstanding metabolic and bioprotective properties of the bacterial genus Pseudomonas make these species a potentially interesting source for the search of hydrolytic activities that could be useful for the degradation of plastics. We identified two genes encoding the intracellular lipases LIP1 and LIP2 of the biocontrol bacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis PA23 and subsequently performed cloning and expression in Escherichia coli. The lip1 gene has an open reading frame of 828 bp and encodes a protein of 29.7 kDa whereas the lip2 consists of 834 bp and has a protein of 30.2 kDa. Although secondary structure analyses of LIP1 and LIP2 indicate a dominant α/β-hydrolase-fold, the two proteins differ widely in their amino acid sequences (15.39% identity), substrate specificities, and hydrolysis rates. Homology modeling indicates the catalytic serine in both enzymes located in a GXSXG sequence motif (lipase box). However, LIP1 has a catalytic triad of Ser152-His253-Glu221 with a GGX-type oxyanion pocket, whereas LIP2 has Ser138-His249-Asp221 in its active site and a GX-type of oxyanion hole residues. However, LIP1 has a catalytic triad of Ser152-His253-Glu221 with an oxyanion pocket of GGX-type, whereas LIP2 has Ser138-His249-Asp221 in its active site and a GX-type of oxyanion hole residues. Our three-dimensional models of LIP1 and LIP2 complexed with a 3-hydroxyoctanoate dimer revealed the core α/β hydrolase-type domain with an exposed substrate binding pocket in LIP1 and an active-site capped with a closing lid domain in LIP2. The recombinant LIP1 was optimally active at 45°C and pH 9.0, and the activity improved in the presence of Ca2+. LIP2 exhibited maximum activity at 40°C and pH 8.0, and was unaffected by Ca2+. Despite different properties, the enzymes exhibited broadsubstrate specificity and were able to hydrolyze short chain length and medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), polylactic acid (PLA), and para-nitrophenyl (pNP) alkanoates. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analysis showed a decrease in the molecular weight of the polymers after incubation with LIP1 and LIP2. The enzymes also manifested some polymer-degrading activity on petroleum-based polymers such as poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and polyethylene succinate (PES), suggesting that these enzymes could be useful for biodegradation of synthetic polyester plastics. The study will be the first report of the complete characterization of intracellular lipases from bacterial and/or Pseudomonas species. The lipases, LIP1 and LIP2 are different from other bacterial lipases/esterases in having broad substrate specificity for polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Mohanan
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Chun Hin Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - David B. Levin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- *Correspondence: David B. Levin,
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Bashiri R, Allen B, Shamurad B, Pabst M, Curtis TP, Ofiţeru ID. Looking for lipases and lipolytic organisms in low-temperature anaerobic reactors treating domestic wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 212:118115. [PMID: 35092910 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Poor lipid degradation limits low-temperature anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater even when psychrophiles are used. We combined metagenomics and metaproteomics to find lipolytic bacteria and their potential, and actual, cold-adapted extracellular lipases in anaerobic membrane bioreactors treating domestic wastewater at 4 and 15 °C. Of the 40 recovered putative lipolytic metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), only three (Chlorobium, Desulfobacter, and Mycolicibacterium) were common and abundant (relative abundance ≥ 1%) in all reactors. Notably, some MAGs that represented aerobic autotrophs contained lipases. Therefore, we hypothesised that the lipases we found are not always associated with exogenous lipid degradation and can have other roles such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) accumulation/degradation and interference with the outer membranes of other bacteria. Metaproteomics did not provide sufficient proteome coverage for relatively lower abundant proteins such as lipases though the expression of fadL genes, long-chain fatty acid transporters, was confirmed for four genera (Dechloromonas, Azoarcus, Aeromonas and Sulfurimonas), none of which were recovered as putative lipolytic MAGs. Metaproteomics also confirmed the presence of 15 relatively abundant (≥ 1%) genera in all reactors, of which at least 6 can potentially accumulate lipid/polyhydroxyalkanoates. For most putative lipolytic MAGs, there was no statistically significant correlation between the read abundance and reactor conditions such as temperature, phase (biofilm and bulk liquid), and feed type (treated by ultraviolet light or not). Results obtained by metagenomics and metaproteomics did not confirm each other and extracellular lipases and lipolytic bacteria were not easily identifiable in the anaerobic membrane reactors used in this study. Further work is required to identify the true lipid degraders in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Bashiri
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Allen
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Burhan Shamurad
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Pabst
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas P Curtis
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Irina D Ofiţeru
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
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Argiz L, Correa-Galeote D, Val Del Río Á, Mosquera-Corral A, González-Cabaleiro R. Valorization of lipid-rich wastewaters: A theoretical analysis to tackle the competition between polyhydroxyalkanoate and triacylglyceride-storing populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150761. [PMID: 34624285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The lipid fraction of the effluents generated in several food-processing activities can be transformed into polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and triacylglycerides (TAGs), through open culture biotechnologies. Although competition between storing and non-storing populations in mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) has been widely studied, the right selective environment allowing for the robust enrichment of a community when different types of accumulators coexist is still not clear. In this research, comprehensive metabolic analyses of PHA and TAG synthesis and degradation, and concomitant respiration of external carbon, were used to understand and explain the changes observed in a laboratory-scale bioreactor fed with the lipid-rich fraction (mainly oleic acid) of a wastewater stream produced in the fish-canning industry. It was concluded that the mode of oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen supply determines the enrichment of the culture in specific populations, and hence the type of intracellular compounds preferentially accumulated. Coupled carbon and nitrogen feeding regime mainly selects for TAG producers whereas uncoupled feeding leads to PHA or TAG production function of the rate of carbon supply under specific aeration rates and feast and famine phases lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Argiz
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - David Correa-Galeote
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Water Research, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángeles Val Del Río
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Anuska Mosquera-Corral
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Rebeca González-Cabaleiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
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Giubilini A, Bondioli F, Messori M, Nyström G, Siqueira G. Advantages of Additive Manufacturing for Biomedical Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:29. [PMID: 33672131 PMCID: PMC7926534 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, biopolymers have been attracting the attention of researchers and specialists from different fields, including biotechnology, material science, engineering, and medicine. The reason is the possibility of combining sustainability with scientific and technological progress. This is an extremely broad research topic, and a distinction has to be made among different classes and types of biopolymers. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a particular family of polyesters, synthetized by microorganisms under unbalanced growth conditions, making them both bio-based and biodegradable polymers with a thermoplastic behavior. Recently, PHAs were used more intensively in biomedical applications because of their tunable mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, adhesion for cells, and controllable biodegradability. Similarly, the 3D-printing technologies show increasing potential in this particular field of application, due to their advantages in tailor-made design, rapid prototyping, and manufacturing of complex structures. In this review, first, the synthesis and the production of PHAs are described, and different production techniques of medical implants are compared. Then, an overview is given on the most recent and relevant medical applications of PHA for drug delivery, vessel stenting, and tissue engineering. A special focus is reserved for the innovations brought by the introduction of additive manufacturing in this field, as compared to the traditional techniques. All of these advances are expected to have important scientific and commercial applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Giubilini
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Federica Bondioli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Massimo Messori
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory, Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gilberto Siqueira
- Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory, Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;
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de Vogel FA, Schlundt C, Stote RE, Ratto JA, Amaral-Zettler LA. Comparative Genomics of Marine Bacteria from a Historically Defined Plastic Biodegradation Consortium with the Capacity to Biodegrade Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Microorganisms 2021; 9:186. [PMID: 33467086 PMCID: PMC7830162 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable and compostable plastics are getting more attention as the environmental impacts of fossil-fuel-based plastics are revealed. Microbes can consume these plastics and biodegrade them within weeks to months under the proper conditions. The biobased polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymer family is an attractive alternative due to its physicochemical properties and biodegradability in soil, aquatic, and composting environments. Standard test methods are available for biodegradation that employ either natural inocula or defined communities, the latter being preferred for standardization and comparability. The original marine biodegradation standard test method ASTM D6691 employed such a defined consortium for testing PHA biodegradation. However, the taxonomic composition and metabolic potential of this consortium have never been confirmed using DNA sequencing technologies. To this end, we revived available members of this consortium and determined their phylogenetic placement, genomic sequence content, and metabolic potential. The revived members belonged to the Bacillaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Vibrionaceae families. Using a comparative genomics approach, we found all the necessary enzymes for both PHA production and utilization in most of the members. In a clearing-zone assay, three isolates also showed extracellular depolymerase activity. However, we did not find classical PHA depolymerases, but identified two potentially new extracellular depolymerases that resemble triacylglycerol lipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fons A. de Vogel
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands;
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cathleen Schlundt
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;
| | - Robert E. Stote
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (R.E.S.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Jo Ann Ratto
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (R.E.S.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Linda A. Amaral-Zettler
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands;
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Characterization of an intracellular poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) depolymerase from the soil bacterium, Pseudomonas putida LS46. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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