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Delgado-Nungaray JA, Grajeda-Arias D, Reynaga-Delgado E, Gonzalez-Reynoso O. Biodegradation of Nitrile Gloves as Sole Carbon Source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Liquid Culture. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1162. [PMID: 38675080 PMCID: PMC11055158 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrile gloves have become a significant environmental pollutant after the COVID-19 pandemic due to their single-use design. This study examines the capability of P. aeruginosa to use nitrile gloves as its sole carbon energy source. Biodegradation was determined by P. aeruginosa adapting to increasing nitrile glove concentrations at 1%, 3%, and 5% (w/v). The growth kinetics of P. aeruginosa were evaluated, as well as the polymer weight loss. Topographic changes on the glove surfaces were examined using SEM, and FT-IR was used to evaluate the biodegradation products of the nitrile gloves. Following the establishment of a biofilm on the glove surface, the nitrile toxicity was minimized via biodegradation. The result of the average weight loss of nitrile gloves was 2.25%. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of aldehydes and aliphatic amines associated with biodegradation. SEM showed P. aeruginosa immersed in the EPS matrix, causing the formation of cracks, scales, protrusions, and the presence of semi-spherical particles. We conclude that P. aeruginosa has the capability to use nitrile gloves as its sole carbon source, even up to 5%, through biofilm formation, demonstrating the potential of P. aeruginosa for the degradation of nitrile gloves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Alejandro Delgado-Nungaray
- Chemical Engineering Department, University Center for Exact and Engineering Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. M. García Barragán # 1451, Guadalajara C.P. 44430, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - David Grajeda-Arias
- Pharmacobiology Department, University Center for Exact and Engineering Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. M. García Barragán # 1451, Guadalajara C.P. 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.G.-A.); (E.R.-D.)
| | - Eire Reynaga-Delgado
- Pharmacobiology Department, University Center for Exact and Engineering Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. M. García Barragán # 1451, Guadalajara C.P. 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.G.-A.); (E.R.-D.)
| | - Orfil Gonzalez-Reynoso
- Chemical Engineering Department, University Center for Exact and Engineering Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. M. García Barragán # 1451, Guadalajara C.P. 44430, Jalisco, Mexico;
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Bocci V, Galafassi S, Levantesi C, Crognale S, Amalfitano S, Congestri R, Matturro B, Rossetti S, Di Pippo F. Freshwater plastisphere: a review on biodiversity, risks, and biodegradation potential with implications for the aquatic ecosystem health. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1395401. [PMID: 38699475 PMCID: PMC11064797 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1395401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The plastisphere, a unique microbial biofilm community colonizing plastic debris and microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments, has attracted increasing attention owing to its ecological and public health implications. This review consolidates current state of knowledge on freshwater plastisphere, focussing on its biodiversity, community assembly, and interactions with environmental factors. Current biomolecular approaches revealed a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic taxa associated with plastic surfaces. Despite their ecological importance, the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria and mobile genetic elements (i.e., antibiotic resistance genes) raises concerns for ecosystem and human health. However, the extent of these risks and their implications remain unclear. Advanced sequencing technologies are promising for elucidating the functions of plastisphere, particularly in plastic biodegradation processes. Overall, this review emphasizes the need for comprehensive studies to understand plastisphere dynamics in freshwater and to support effective management strategies to mitigate the impact of plastic pollution on freshwater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Bocci
- Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Galafassi
- Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, National Research Council, Verbania, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Levantesi
- Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Crognale
- Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Amalfitano
- Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Congestri
- Laboratory of Biology of Algae, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruna Matturro
- Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Rossetti
- Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Pippo
- Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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3
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Pawano O, Jenpuntarat N, Streit WR, Pérez-García P, Pongtharangkul T, Phinyocheep P, Thayanukul P, Euanorasetr J, Intra B. Exploring untapped bacterial communities and potential polypropylene-degrading enzymes from mangrove sediment through metagenomics analysis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1347119. [PMID: 38638899 PMCID: PMC11024650 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1347119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The versatility of plastic has resulted in huge amounts being consumed annually. Mismanagement of post-consumption plastic material has led to plastic waste pollution. Biodegradation of plastic by microorganisms has emerged as a potential solution to this problem. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the microbial communities involved in the biodegradation of polypropylene (PP). Mangrove soil was enriched with virgin PP sheets or chemically pretreated PP comparing between 2 and 4 months enrichment to promote the growth of bacteria involved in PP biodegradation. The diversity of the resulting microbial communities was accessed through 16S metagenomic sequencing. The results indicated that Xanthomonadaceae, unclassified Gaiellales, and Nocardioidaceae were promoted during the enrichment. Additionally, shotgun metagenomics was used to investigate enzymes involved in plastic biodegradation. The results revealed the presence of various putative plastic-degrading enzymes in the mangrove soil, including alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and alkane hydroxylase. The degradation of PP plastic was determined using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Water Contact Angle measurements. The FTIR spectra showed a reduced peak intensity of enriched and pretreated PP compared to the control. SEM images revealed the presence of bacterial biofilms as well as cracks on the PP surface. Corresponding to the FTIR and SEM analysis, the water contact angle measurement indicated a decrease in the hydrophobicity of PP and pretreated PP surface during the enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onnipa Pawano
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol University and Osaka Collaborative Research Center on Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuttarin Jenpuntarat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol University and Osaka Collaborative Research Center on Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wolfgang R. Streit
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pablo Pérez-García
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Molecular Microbiology, Institute of General Microbiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Pranee Phinyocheep
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parinda Thayanukul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jirayut Euanorasetr
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Research for Energy and Bioactive Compound (BREBC), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bungonsiri Intra
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol University and Osaka Collaborative Research Center on Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bangkok, Thailand
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4
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Lv S, Li Y, Zhao S, Shao Z. Biodegradation of Typical Plastics: From Microbial Diversity to Metabolic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:593. [PMID: 38203764 PMCID: PMC10778777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic production has increased dramatically, leading to accumulated plastic waste in the ocean. Marine plastics can be broken down into microplastics (<5 mm) by sunlight, machinery, and pressure. The accumulation of microplastics in organisms and the release of plastic additives can adversely affect the health of marine organisms. Biodegradation is one way to address plastic pollution in an environmentally friendly manner. Marine microorganisms can be more adapted to fluctuating environmental conditions such as salinity, temperature, pH, and pressure compared with terrestrial microorganisms, providing new opportunities to address plastic pollution. Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes), Bacillota (Firmicutes), and Cyanobacteria were frequently found on plastic biofilms and may degrade plastics. Currently, diverse plastic-degrading bacteria are being isolated from marine environments such as offshore and deep oceanic waters, especially Pseudomonas spp. Bacillus spp. Alcanivoras spp. and Actinomycetes. Some marine fungi and algae have also been revealed as plastic degraders. In this review, we focused on the advances in plastic biodegradation by marine microorganisms and their enzymes (esterase, cutinase, laccase, etc.) involved in the process of biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polypropylene (PP) and highlighted the need to study plastic biodegradation in the deep sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
- School of Environmental Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
- School of Marine Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sufang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zongze Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
- School of Environmental Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- School of Marine Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
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5
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Orlando C, Prejanò M, Russo N, Marino T. On the Role of Temperature in the Depolymerization of PET by FAST-PETase: An Atomistic Point of View on Possible Active Site Pre-Organization and Substrate-Destabilization Effects. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300412. [PMID: 37556192 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme FAST-PETase, recently obtained by a machine learning approach, can depolymerize poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), a synthetic resin employed in plastics and in clothing fibers. Therefore it represents a promising solution for the recycling of PET-based materials. In this study, a model of PET was adopted to describe the substrate, and all-atoms classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on apo- and substrate-bound FAST-PETase were carried out at 30 and 50 °C to provide atomistic details on the binding step of the catalytic cycle. Comparative analysis shed light on the interactions occurring between the FAST-PETase and 4PET at 50 °C, the optimal working conditions of the enzyme. Pre-organization of the enzyme active and binding sites has been highlighted, while MD simulations of FAST-PETase:4PET pointed out the occurrence of solvent-inaccessible conformations of the substrate promoted by the enzyme. Indeed, neither of these conformations was observed during MD simulations of the substrate alone in solution performed at 30, 50 and 150 °C. The analysis led us to propose that, at 50 °C, the FAST-PETase is pre-organized to bind the PET and that the interactions occurring in the binding site can promote a more reactive conformation of PET substrate, thus enhancing the catalytic activity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Orlando
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche Laboratorio PROMOCS cubo 14C, Università della Calabria, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Mario Prejanò
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche Laboratorio PROMOCS cubo 14C, Università della Calabria, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche Laboratorio PROMOCS cubo 14C, Università della Calabria, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche Laboratorio PROMOCS cubo 14C, Università della Calabria, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy
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6
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Guo B, Lopez-Lorenzo X, Fang Y, Bäckström E, Capezza AJ, Vanga SR, Furó I, Hakkarainen M, Syrén PO. Fast Depolymerization of PET Bottle Mediated by Microwave Pre-Treatment and An Engineered PETase. ChemSusChem 2023; 16:e202300742. [PMID: 37384425 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Recycling plastics is the key to reaching a sustainable materials economy. Biocatalytic degradation of plastics shows great promise by allowing selective depolymerization of man-made materials into constituent building blocks under mild aqueous conditions. However, insoluble plastics have polymer chains that can reside in different conformations and show compact secondary structures that offer low accessibility for initiating the depolymerization reaction by enzymes. In this work, we overcome these shortcomings by microwave irradiation as a pre-treatment process to deliver powders of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles suitable for subsequent biotechnology-assisted plastic degradation by previously generated engineered enzymes. An optimized microwave step resulted in 1400 times higher integral of released terephthalic acid (TPA) from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), compared to original untreated PET bottle. Biocatalytic plastic hydrolysis of substrates originating from PET bottles responded to 78 % yield conversion from 2 h microwave pretreatment and 1 h enzymatic reaction at 30 °C. The increase in activity stems from enhanced substrate accessibility from the microwave step, followed by the administration of designer enzymes capable of accommodating oligomers and shorter chains released in a productive conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Guo
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 50-58, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ximena Lopez-Lorenzo
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 50-58, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30-36, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Bäckström
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 50-58, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Jose Capezza
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 50-58, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sudarsan Reddy Vanga
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 50-58, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - István Furó
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30-36, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 50-58, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Syrén
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 50-58, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
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7
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James-Pearson LF, Dudley KJ, Te'o VSJ, Patel BKC. A hot topic: thermophilic plastic biodegradation. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:1117-1126. [PMID: 37121828 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biological degradation of plastic waste is an environmentally and economically friendlier alternative to current recycling practices and enables the cycling of plastic monomers back into virgin-quality plastics. However, due to slow reaction rates, there is a lack of an industrially viable biodegradation strategy for most plastics. Here, we highlight the applicability of a thermophilic biodegradation strategy over a mesophilic approach, to enhance enzyme accessibility and catalyze plastic biodegradation. Thus, at reactions closer to the melting temperature or glass transition temperature of plastics, thermophilic reactions can offer an alternative direction to conventional plastic biodegradation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa F James-Pearson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin J Dudley
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Valentino Setoa Junior Te'o
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bharat K C Patel
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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8
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Nyamjav I, Jang Y, Lee YE, Lee S. Biodegradation of polyvinyl chloride by Citrobacter koseri isolated from superworms ( Zophobas atratus larvae). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1175249. [PMID: 37260687 PMCID: PMC10228827 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1175249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the widely used plastic products worldwide, and its accumulation in the natural environment has become a major global issue with regard to the environment and biotic health. There is accordingly strong demand for the development of solutions and methods for environmental remediation. Degrading plastic waste using microorganisms is an effective and eco-friendly method. However, evidence of bacteria that afford efficient biodegradation of unplasticized, pure PVC film has yet to be reported. Therefore, the biodegradation of PVC becomes very important. Here, we present results on the physicochemical and structural studies of PVC by Citrobacter koseri (C. koseri) isolated from the gut of the superworm, Zophobas atratus (Z. atratus) larvae. We also studied the biodegradability of PVC by the gut microbiota compared with C. koseri. We analyzed the microbial degradation of the PVC surface using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and confirmed that the physical and chemical changes were caused by C. koseri and the gut microbiota. The chemical structural changes were further investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and it was confirmed that the oxidation of the PVC surface proceeded with the formation of carbonyl groups (C = O), and hydroxyl groups (-OH) by C. koseri. Additionally, the gut microbiota composed of diverse microbial species showed equal oxidation of PVC compared to C. koseri. Further, we evaluated the capabilities of single bacterial isolate and gut microbiota for pure PVC film biodegradation. Our results verified that C. koseri and the culturable microbiota from the gut of superworms present similar potential to utilize pure PVC film as a carbon source. These findings provide a potential solution for the biodegradation of unplasticized PVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Nyamjav
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Jang
- School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Lee
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoo Lee
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
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9
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Liu K, Xu Z, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Chai Y, Ma L, Li S. A Dual Fluorescence Assay Enables High-Throughput Screening for Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Hydrolases. ChemSusChem 2023; 16:e202202019. [PMID: 36511949 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The drastically increasing consumption of petroleum-derived plastics hasserious environmental impacts and raises public concerns. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is amongst the most extensively produced synthetic polymers. Enzymatic hydrolysis of PET recently emerged as an enticing path for plastic degradation and recycling. In-lab directed evolution has revealed the great potential of PET hydrolases (PETases). However, the time-consuming and laborious PETase assays hinder the identification of effective variants in large mutant libraries. Herein, we devise and validate a dual fluorescence-based high-throughput screening (HTS) assay for a representative IsPETase. The two-round HTS of a pilot library consisting of 2850 IsPETase variants yields six mutant IsPETases with 1.3-4.9 folds improved activities. Compared to the currently used structure- or computational redesign-based PETase engineering, this HTS approach provides a new strategy for discovery of new beneficial mutation patterns of PETases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Ziping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yuexing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yating Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Shengying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 168 Wenhai Middle Rd, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
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10
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Yang XG, Wen PP, Yang YF, Jia PP, Li WG, Pei DS. Plastic biodegradation by in vitro environmental microorganisms and in vivo gut microorganisms of insects. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1001750. [PMID: 36687617 PMCID: PMC9852869 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1001750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional plastics, such as polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PUR), and other plastic polymers, are difficult to degrade and are gradually accumulated in the environment to cause a serious environmental problem, which is urgently needed to develop novel treatments or control technology. The biodegradation of plastics has gained great attention due to the advantages of green and safe characteristics. Microorganisms play a vital role in the biodegradation of plastics, including environmental microbes (in vitro) and gut microbes of insects (in vivo). Microbial degradation in environmental conditions in vitro is extremely slow for major plastics at degradation rates on the basis of a month or even a year time, but recent discoveries show that the fast biodegradation of specific plastics, such as PS, PE, and PUR, in some invertebrates, especially insects, could be enhanced at rates on basis of hours; the biodegradation in insects is likely to be gut microbial-dependent or synergetic bioreactions in animal digestive systems. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest 7-year (2016-2022) publications on plastic biodegradation by insects and microorganisms, elucidates the mechanism of plastic degradation in insects and environmental microbes, and highlights the cutting-edge perspectives for the potential applications of plastic biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ping-Ping Wen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan-Pan Jia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Guo Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Cao Z, Yan W, Ding M, Yuan Y. Construction of microbial consortia for microbial degradation of complex compounds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1051233. [PMID: 36561050 PMCID: PMC9763274 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1051233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly complex synthetic environmental pollutants are prompting further research into bioremediation, which is one of the most economical and safest means of environmental restoration. From the current research, using microbial consortia to degrade complex compounds is more advantageous compared to using isolated bacteria, as the former is more adaptable and stable within the growth environment and can provide a suitable catalytic environment for each enzyme required by the biodegradation pathway. With the development of synthetic biology and gene-editing tools, artificial microbial consortia systems can be designed to be more efficient, stable, and robust, and they can be used to produce high-value-added products with their strong degradation ability. Furthermore, microbial consortia systems are shown to be promising in the degradation of complex compounds. In this review, the strategies for constructing stable and robust microbial consortia are discussed. The current advances in the degradation of complex compounds by microbial consortia are also classified and detailed, including plastics, petroleum, antibiotics, azo dyes, and some pollutants present in sewage. Thus, this paper aims to support some helps to those who focus on the degradation of complex compounds by microbial consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibei Cao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenlong Yan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingzhu Ding
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Mingzhu Ding,
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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12
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Gimeno‐Pérez M, Finnigan JD, Echeverria C, Charnock SJ, Hidalgo A, Mate DM. A Coupled Ketoreductase-Diaphorase Assay for the Detection of Polyethylene Terephthalate-Hydrolyzing Activity. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202102750. [PMID: 35315974 PMCID: PMC9321771 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, several PET-degrading enzymes from already known microorganisms or metagenomic sources have been discovered to face the growing environmental concern of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) accumulation. However, there is a limited number of high-throughput screening protocols for PET-hydrolyzing activity that avoid the use of surrogate substrates. Herein, a microplate fluorescence screening assay was described. It was based on the coupled activity of ketoreductases (KREDs) and diaphorase to release resorufin in the presence of the products of PET degradation. Six KREDs were identified in a commercial panel that were able to use the PET building block, ethylene glycol, as substrate. The most efficient KRED, KRED61, was combined with the diaphorase from Clostridium kluyveri to monitor the PET degradation reaction catalyzed by the thermostable variant of the cutinase-type polyesterase from Saccharomonospora viridis AHK190. The PET degradation products were measured both fluorimetrically and by HPLC, with excellent correlation between both methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gimeno‐Pérez
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCampus de CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
- Center of Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC)Nicolás Cabrera 1Madrid28049Spain
- Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBMUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCampus de CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
| | | | - Coro Echeverria
- Institute of Polymer Science and TechnologySpanish Research CouncilJuan de la Cierva 328006MadridSpain
| | | | - Aurelio Hidalgo
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCampus de CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
- Center of Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC)Nicolás Cabrera 1Madrid28049Spain
- Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBMUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCampus de CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
| | - Diana M. Mate
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCampus de CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
- Center of Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC)Nicolás Cabrera 1Madrid28049Spain
- Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBMUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCampus de CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain
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13
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De Jesus R, Alkendi R. A minireview on the bioremediative potential of microbial enzymes as solution to emerging microplastic pollution. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1066133. [PMID: 36938133 PMCID: PMC10018190 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1066133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating plastics in the biosphere implicates adverse effects, raising serious concern among scientists worldwide. Plastic waste in nature disintegrates into microplastics. Because of their minute appearance, at a scale of <5 mm, microplastics easily penetrate different pristine water bodies and terrestrial niches, posing detrimental effects on flora and fauna. The potential bioremediative application of microbial enzymes is a sustainable solution for the degradation of microplastics. Studies have reported a plethora of bacterial and fungal species that can degrade synthetic plastics by excreting plastic-degrading enzymes. Identified microbial enzymes, such as IsPETase and IsMHETase from Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6 and Thermobifida fusca cutinase (Tfc), are able to depolymerize plastic polymer chains producing ecologically harmless molecules like carbon dioxide and water. However, thermal stability and pH sensitivity are among the biochemical limitations of the plastic-degrading enzymes that affect their overall catalytic activities. The application of biotechnological approaches improves enzyme action and production. Protein-based engineering yields enzyme variants with higher enzymatic activity and temperature-stable properties, while site-directed mutagenesis using the Escherichia coli model system expresses mutant thermostable enzymes. Furthermore, microalgal chassis is a promising model system for "green" microplastic biodegradation. Hence, the bioremediative properties of microbial enzymes are genuinely encouraging for the biodegradation of synthetic microplastic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rener De Jesus
- College of Graduate Studies, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ruwaya Alkendi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Ruwaya Alkendi,
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14
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Atanasova N, Paunova-Krasteva T, Stoitsova S, Radchenkova N, Boyadzhieva I, Petrov K, Kambourova M. Degradation of Poly(ε-caprolactone) by a Thermophilic Community and Brevibacillus thermoruber Strain 7 Isolated from Bulgarian Hot Spring. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1488. [PMID: 34680121 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The continual plastic accumulation in the environment and the hazardous consequences determine the interest in thermophiles as possible effective plastic degraders, due to their unique metabolic mechanisms and change of plastic properties at elevated temperatures. PCL is one of major biodegradable plastics with promising application to replace existing non-biodegradable polymers. Metagenomic analysis of the phylogenetic diversity in plastic contaminated area of Marikostinovo hot spring, Bulgaria revealed a higher number taxonomic groups (11) in the sample enriched without plastic (Marikostinovo community, control sample, MKC-C) than in that enriched in the presence of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) (MKC-P), (7). A strong domination of the phylum Proteobacteria was observed for MKC-C, while the dominant phyla in MKC-P were Deinococcus-Thermus and Firmicutes. Among the strains isolated from MKC-P, the highest esterase activity was registered for Brevibacillus thermoruber strain 7 at 55 °C. Its co-cultivation with another isolate resulted in ~10% increase in enzyme activity. During a 28-day biodegradation process, a decrease in PCL molecular weight and weight loss were established resulting in 100% degradation by MKC-P and 63.6% by strain 7. PCL degradation intermediate profiles for MKC-P and pure strain were similar. Broken plastic pieces from PCL surface and formation of a biofilm by MKC-P were observed by SEM, while the pure strain caused significant deformation of PCL probes without biofilm formation.
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15
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Jacquin J, Callac N, Cheng J, Giraud C, Gorand Y, Denoual C, Pujo-Pay M, Conan P, Meistertzheim AL, Barbe V, Bruzaud S, Ghiglione JF. Microbial Diversity and Activity During the Biodegradation in Seawater of Various Substitutes to Conventional Plastic Cotton Swab Sticks. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:604395. [PMID: 34335485 PMCID: PMC8321090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.604395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Parliament recently approved a new law banning single-use plastic items for 2021 such as plastic plates, cutlery, straws, cotton swabs, and balloon sticks. Transition to a bioeconomy involves the substitution of these banned products with biodegradable materials. Several materials such as polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate (PHBV), Bioplast, and Mater-Bi could be good candidates to substitute cotton swabs, but their biodegradability needs to be tested under marine conditions. In this study, we described the microbial life growing on these materials, and we evaluated their biodegradability in seawater, compared with controls made of non-biodegradable polypropylene (PP) or biodegradable cellulose. During the first 40 days in seawater, we detected clear changes in bacterial diversity (Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene) and heterotrophic activity (incorporation of 3H-leucine) that coincided with the classic succession of initial colonization, growth, and maturation phases of a biofilm. Biodegradability of the cotton swab sticks was then tested during another 94 days under strict diet conditions with the different plastics as sole carbon source. The drastic decrease of the bacterial activity on PP, PLA, and PBS suggested no bacterial attack of these materials, whereas the bacterial activity in PBAT, Bioplast, Mater-Bi, and PHBV presented similar responses to the cellulose positive control. Interestingly, the different bacterial diversity trends observed for biodegradable vs. non-biodegradable plastics allowed to describe potential new candidates involved in the degradation of these materials under marine conditions. This better understanding of the bacterial diversity and activity dynamics during the colonization and biodegradation processes contributes to an expanding baseline to understand plastic biodegradation in marine conditions and provide a foundation for further decisions on the replacement of the banned single-used plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Jacquin
- CNRS, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Innovation Plasturgie et Composites, Biopole Clermont Limagne, Saint-Beauzire, France
| | - Nolwenn Callac
- CNRS, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Ifremer (LEAD-NC), IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Jingguang Cheng
- CNRS, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Carolane Giraud
- CNRS, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Ifremer (LEAD-NC), IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Yonko Gorand
- Plateforme EnRMAT, Laboratoire PROMES, Rembla de la Thermodynamique, Perpignan, France
| | - Clement Denoual
- UMR CNRS 6027, Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Université de Bretagne-Sud, Lorient, France
| | - Mireille Pujo-Pay
- CNRS, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Conan
- CNRS, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Valerie Barbe
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Stéphane Bruzaud
- UMR CNRS 6027, Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Université de Bretagne-Sud, Lorient, France
| | - Jean-François Ghiglione
- CNRS, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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16
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de Vogel FA, Schlundt C, Stote RE, Ratto JA, Amaral-Zettler LA. Comparative Genomics of Marine Bacteria from a Historically Defined Plastic Biodegradation Consortium with the Capacity to Biodegrade Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Microorganisms 2021; 9:186. [PMID: 33467086 PMCID: PMC7830162 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable and compostable plastics are getting more attention as the environmental impacts of fossil-fuel-based plastics are revealed. Microbes can consume these plastics and biodegrade them within weeks to months under the proper conditions. The biobased polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymer family is an attractive alternative due to its physicochemical properties and biodegradability in soil, aquatic, and composting environments. Standard test methods are available for biodegradation that employ either natural inocula or defined communities, the latter being preferred for standardization and comparability. The original marine biodegradation standard test method ASTM D6691 employed such a defined consortium for testing PHA biodegradation. However, the taxonomic composition and metabolic potential of this consortium have never been confirmed using DNA sequencing technologies. To this end, we revived available members of this consortium and determined their phylogenetic placement, genomic sequence content, and metabolic potential. The revived members belonged to the Bacillaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Vibrionaceae families. Using a comparative genomics approach, we found all the necessary enzymes for both PHA production and utilization in most of the members. In a clearing-zone assay, three isolates also showed extracellular depolymerase activity. However, we did not find classical PHA depolymerases, but identified two potentially new extracellular depolymerases that resemble triacylglycerol lipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fons A. de Vogel
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands;
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cathleen Schlundt
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;
| | - Robert E. Stote
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (R.E.S.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Jo Ann Ratto
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (R.E.S.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Linda A. Amaral-Zettler
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands;
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Han YN, Wei M, Han F, Fang C, Wang D, Zhong YJ, Guo CL, Shi XY, Xie ZK, Li FM. Greater Biofilm Formation and Increased Biodegradation of Polyethylene Film by a Microbial Consortium of Arthrobacter sp. and Streptomyces sp. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121979. [PMID: 33322790 PMCID: PMC7764375 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of polyethylene (PE) mulch films has led to a significant accumulation of plastic waste in agricultural soils. The biodegradation of plastic waste by microorganisms promises to provide a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly alternative for mitigating soil plastic pollution. A large number of microorganisms capable of degrading PE have been reported, but degradation may be further enhanced by the cooperative activity of multiple microbial species. Here, two novel strains of Arthrobacter sp. and Streptomyces sp. were isolated from agricultural soils and shown to grow with PE film as a sole carbon source. Arthrobacter sp. mainly grew in the suspension phase of the culture, and Streptomyces sp. formed substantial biofilms on the surface of the PE film, indicating that these strains were of different metabolic types and occupied different microenvironments with contrasting nutritional access. Individual strains were able to degrade the PE film to some extent in a 90-day inoculation experiment, as indicated by decreased hydrophobicity, increased carbonyl index and CO2 evolution, and the formation of biofilms on the film surface. However, a consortium of both strains had a much greater effect on these degradation properties. Together, these results provide new insights into the mechanisms of PE biodegradation by a microbial consortium composed of different types of microbes with possible metabolic complementarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.-N.H.); (M.W.); (F.H.); (D.W.); (Y.-J.Z.); (C.-L.G.); (X.-Y.S.)
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.-N.H.); (M.W.); (F.H.); (D.W.); (Y.-J.Z.); (C.-L.G.); (X.-Y.S.)
| | - Fang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.-N.H.); (M.W.); (F.H.); (D.W.); (Y.-J.Z.); (C.-L.G.); (X.-Y.S.)
| | - Chao Fang
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.-N.H.); (M.W.); (F.H.); (D.W.); (Y.-J.Z.); (C.-L.G.); (X.-Y.S.)
| | - Yu-Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.-N.H.); (M.W.); (F.H.); (D.W.); (Y.-J.Z.); (C.-L.G.); (X.-Y.S.)
| | - Chao-Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.-N.H.); (M.W.); (F.H.); (D.W.); (Y.-J.Z.); (C.-L.G.); (X.-Y.S.)
| | - Xiao-Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.-N.H.); (M.W.); (F.H.); (D.W.); (Y.-J.Z.); (C.-L.G.); (X.-Y.S.)
| | - Zhong-Kui Xie
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.-N.H.); (M.W.); (F.H.); (D.W.); (Y.-J.Z.); (C.-L.G.); (X.-Y.S.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Bandopadhyay S, Liquet Y González JE, Henderson KB, Anunciado MB, Hayes DG, DeBruyn JM. Soil Microbial Communities Associated With Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:587074. [PMID: 33281783 PMCID: PMC7691482 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.587074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural plastic mulch films provide a favorable soil microclimate for plant growth, improving crop yields. Biodegradable plastic mulch films (BDMs) have emerged as a sustainable alternative to widely used non-biodegradable polyethylene (PE) films. BDMs are tilled into the soil after use and are expected to biodegrade under field conditions. However, little is known about the microbes involved in biodegradation and the relationships between microbes and plastics in soils. In order to capture the consortium of soil microbes associated with (and thus likely degrading) BDMs, agriculturally-weathered plastics from two locations were studied alongside laboratory enrichment experiments to assess differences in the microbial communities associated with BDMs and PE films. Using a combination of amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR), we observed that agriculturally-weathered plastics hosted an enrichment of fungi and an altered bacterial community composition compared to the surrounding soil. Notably, Methylobacterium, Arthrobacter, and Sphingomonas were enriched on BDMs compared to non-biodegradable PE. In laboratory enrichment cultures, microbial consortia were able to degrade the plastics, and the composition of the microbial communities was influenced by the composition of the BDMs. Our initial characterization of the microbial communities associated with biodegradable plastic mulch films, or the biodegradable "plastisphere," lays the groundwork for understanding biodegradation dynamics of biodegradable plastics in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejata Bandopadhyay
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - José E Liquet Y González
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Kelsey B Henderson
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Marife B Anunciado
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Douglas G Hayes
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jennifer M DeBruyn
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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19
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Lee HM, Kim HR, Jeon E, Yu HC, Lee S, Li J, Kim DH. Evaluation of the Biodegradation Efficiency of Four Various Types of Plastics by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from the Gut Extract of Superworms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1341. [PMID: 32887431 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic waste worldwide is becoming a serious pollution problem for the planet. Various physical and chemical methods have been tested in attempts to remove plastic dumps. However, these have usually resulted in secondary pollution issues. Recently, the biodegradation of plastic by fungal and bacterial strains has been spotlighted as a promising solution to remove plastic wastes without generating secondary pollution. We have previously reported that a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated from the gut of a superworm is capable of biodegrading polystyrene (PS) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). Herein, we demonstrate the extraordinary biodegradative power of P. aeruginosa in efficiently depolymerizing four different types of plastics: PS, PPS, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). We further compared biodegradation rates for these four plastic types and found that PE was biodegraded fastest, whereas the biodegradation of PP was the slowest. Moreover, the growth rates of P. aeruginosa were not always proportional to biodegradation rates, suggesting that the rate of bacterial growth could be influenced by the composition and properties of intermediate molecules produced during plastic biodegradation, and these may supply useful cellular precursors and energy. In conclusion, an initial screening system to select the most suitable bacterial strain to biodegrade certain types of plastic is particularly important and may be necessary to solve plastic waste problems both presently and in the future.
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20
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Inderthal H, Tai SL, Harrison STL. Non-Hydrolyzable Plastics - An Interdisciplinary Look at Plastic Bio-Oxidation. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 39:12-23. [PMID: 32487438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic plastic conversion has emerged recently as a potential adjunct and alternative to conventional plastic waste management technology. Publicity over progress in the enzymatic degradation of polyesters largely neglects that the majority of commercial plastics, including polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride, are still not biodegradable. Details about the mechanisms used by enzymes and an understanding of macromolecular factors influencing these have proved to be vital in developing biodegradation methods for polyesters. To expand the application of enzymatic degradation to other more recalcitrant plastics, extensive knowledge gaps need to be addressed. By drawing on interdisciplinary knowledge, we suggest that physicochemical influences also have a crucial impact on reactions in less well-studied types of plastic, and these need to be investigated in detail.
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Breton-Deval L, Sanchez-Reyes A, Sanchez-Flores A, Juárez K, Salinas-Peralta I, Mussali-Galante P. Functional Analysis of a Polluted River Microbiome Reveals a Metabolic Potential for Bioremediation. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040554. [PMID: 32290598 PMCID: PMC7232204 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to understand the functional and metabolic potential of the microbial communities along the Apatlaco River and highlight activities related to bioremediation and its relationship with the Apatlaco’s pollutants, to enhance future design of more accurate bioremediation processes. Water samples were collected at four sampling sites along the Apatlaco River (S1–S4) and a whole metagenome shotgun sequencing was performed to survey and understand the microbial metabolic functions with potential for bioremediation. A HMMER search was used to detect sequence homologs related to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polystyrene biodegradation, along with bacterial metal tolerance in Apatlaco River metagenomes. Our results suggest that pollution is a selective pressure which enriches microorganisms at polluted sites, displaying metabolic capacities to tolerate and transform the contamination. According to KEGG annotation, all sites along the river have bacteria with genes related to xenobiotic biodegradation. In particular, functions such as environmental processing, xenobiotic biodegradation and glycan biosynthesis are over-represented in polluted samples, in comparison to those in the clean water site. This suggests a functional specialization in the communities that inhabit each perturbated point. Our results can contribute to the determination of the partition in a metabolic niche among different Apatlaco River prokaryotic communities, that help to contend with and understand the effect of anthropogenic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Breton-Deval
- Cátedras Conacyt - Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ayixon Sanchez-Reyes
- Cátedras Conacyt - Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Sanchez-Flores
- Unidad Universitaria de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico;
| | - Katy Juárez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (K.J.); (I.S.-P.)
| | - Ilse Salinas-Peralta
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (K.J.); (I.S.-P.)
| | - Patricia Mussali-Galante
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico;
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Ren L, Men L, Zhang Z, Guan F, Tian J, Wang B, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Biodegradation of Polyethylene by Enterobacter sp. D1 from the Guts of Wax Moth Galleria mellonella. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E1941. [PMID: 31159351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plastic polymers are widely used in agriculture, industry, and our daily life because of their convenient and economic properties. However, pollution caused by plastic polymers, especially polyethylene (PE), affects both animal and human health when they aggregate in the environment, as they are not easily degraded under natural conditions. In this study, Enterobacter sp. D1 was isolated from the guts of wax moth (Galleria mellonella). Microbial colonies formed around a PE film after 14 days of cultivation with D1. Roughness, depressions, and cracks were detected on the surface of the PE film by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the presence of carbonyl functional groups and ether groups on the PE film that was treated with D1. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) also revealed that the contents of certain alcohols, esters, and acids were increased as a result of the D1 treatment, indicating that oxidation reaction occurred on the surface of the PE film treated with D1 bacteria. These observations confirmed that D1 bacteria has an ability to degrade PE.
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