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Wang KX, Ye C, Yang X, Ma P, Yan C, Luo L. New Insights into the Understanding of Mechanisms of Radiation-Induced Heart Disease. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:12-29. [PMID: 36598620 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-01041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Cancer patients who receive high-dose thoracic radiotherapy may develop radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). The clinical presentation of RIHD comprises coronary artery atherosclerosis, valvular disease, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, and conduction defects. These complications have significantly reduced due to the improved radiotherapy techniques. However, such methods still could not avoid heart radiation exposure. Furthermore, people who received relatively low-dose radiation exposures have exhibited significantly elevated RIHD risks in cohort studies of atomic bomb survivors and occupational exposures. The increased potential in exposure to natural and artificial ionizing radiation sources has emphasized the necessity to understand the development of RIHD. The pathological processes of RIHD include endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. The underlying mechanisms may involve the changes in oxidative stress, DNA damage response, telomere erosion, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic regulation, circulation factors, protein post-translational modification, and metabolites. This review will discuss the recent advances in the mechanisms of RIHD at cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xuan Wang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Ye
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan Luo
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China.
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Low Concentrations of Oxidized Phospholipids Increase Stress Tolerance of Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091741. [PMID: 36139816 PMCID: PMC9495896 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) are generated by enzymatic or autooxidation of esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) residues. OxPLs are present in circulation and atherosclerotic plaques where they are thought to induce predominantly proinflammatory and toxic changes in endothelial (ECs) and other cell types. Unexpectedly, we found that low concentrations of OxPLs were not toxic but protected ECs from stress induced by serum deprivation or cytostatic drugs. The protective effect was observed in ECs obtained from different vessels and was monitored using a variety of readouts based on different biological and chemical principles. Analysis of the structure−activity relationship identified oxidized or missing fatty acid residue (OxPLs or Lyso-PLs, respectively) as a prerequisite for the protective action of a PL. Protective OxPLs or Lyso-PLs acquired detergent-like properties and formed in solution aggregates <10 nm in diameter (likely micelles), which were in striking contrast with large aggregates (>1000 nm, likely multilayer liposomes) produced by nonoxidized precursor PLs. Because surfactants, OxPLs, and Lyso-PLs are known to extract membrane cholesterol, we tested if this effect might trigger the protection of endothelial cells. The protective action of OxPLs and Lyso-PLs was inhibited by cotreatment with cholesterol and mimicked by cholesterol-binding beta-cyclodextrin but not inactive α-cyclodextrin. Wide-scale mRNA expression analysis in four types of ECs showed the induction of genes encoding for heat shock proteins (HSPs) and secreted prosurvival peptides and proteins. Inducers of HSPs, chemical chaperones, and pure prosurvival factors mimicked the protective action of OxPLs/Lyso-PLs. We hypothesize that oxidation changes the physicochemical properties of PLs, thus promoting membrane cholesterol redistribution or extraction leading to the expression of intra- and extracellular prosurvival factors.
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Adropin Improves Radiation-Induced Myocardial Injury via VEGFR2/PI3K/Akt Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8230214. [PMID: 35923860 PMCID: PMC9339421 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8230214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mediastinal cancer radiotherapy exposes the heart and causes myocardial injury. It is of utmost importance to identify effective prevention and treatment targets. In this study, the regulatory role of adropin (Ad) in radiation-induced myocardial injury (RIMI) was explored in mice. After C57BL/6 mice were administered E0771 cells and received radiotherapy, the effects of exogenous Ad intervention on myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis, microvessel density, oxidative stress, and protein expression levels were observed. The results showed that exogenous Ad effectively improved cardiac function, suppressed oxidative stress, inhibited myocardial fibrosis, reduced myocardial apoptosis, and promoted microangiogenesis in RIMI mice. Ad also downregulated the expression levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and cleaved caspase 3 and upregulated the expression of phosphor-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS). However, the above-mentioned effects of Ad were significantly reversed in Ad−/− mice. Radiotherapy resulted in the downregulation of phosphor-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (p-VEGFR2) and p-Akt in myocardial tissue, which were upregulated by Ad. However, after targeted inhibition of VEGFR2 with apatinib, the effect of Ad on improving RIMI was significantly reversed. Taken together, exogenous Ad significantly ameliorated RIMI by reducing oxidative stress, promoting microangiogenesis, and inhibiting myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis. The underlying molecular mechanism involved may be elucidated by activation of the VEGFR2/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Azimzadeh O, Subramanian V, Sievert W, Merl-Pham J, Oleksenko K, Rosemann M, Multhoff G, Atkinson MJ, Tapio S. Activation of PPARα by Fenofibrate Attenuates the Effect of Local Heart High Dose Irradiation on the Mouse Cardiac Proteome. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121845. [PMID: 34944662 PMCID: PMC8698387 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced cardiovascular disease is associated with metabolic remodeling in the heart, mainly due to the inactivation of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), thereby inhibiting lipid metabolic enzymes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential protective effect of fenofibrate, a known agonist of PPARα on radiation-induced cardiac toxicity. To this end, we compared, for the first time, the cardiac proteome of fenofibrate- and placebo-treated mice 20 weeks after local heart irradiation (16 Gy) using label-free proteomics. The observations were further validated using immunoblotting, enzyme activity assays, and ELISA. The analysis showed that fenofibrate restored signalling pathways that were negatively affected by irradiation, including lipid metabolism, mitochondrial respiratory chain, redox response, tissue homeostasis, endothelial NO signalling and the inflammatory status. The results presented here indicate that PPARα activation by fenofibrate attenuates the cardiac proteome alterations induced by irradiation. These findings suggest a potential benefit of fenofibrate administration in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, following radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azimzadeh
- Section Radiation Biology, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (V.S.); (K.O.); (M.R.); (M.J.A.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-030/18333-2242
| | - Vikram Subramanian
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (V.S.); (K.O.); (M.R.); (M.J.A.); (S.T.)
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Wolfgang Sievert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (W.S.); (G.M.)
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research-TranslaTUM, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Centre for Environmental Health GmbH, 80939 Munich, Germany;
| | - Kateryna Oleksenko
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (V.S.); (K.O.); (M.R.); (M.J.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Michael Rosemann
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (V.S.); (K.O.); (M.R.); (M.J.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (W.S.); (G.M.)
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research-TranslaTUM, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael J. Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (V.S.); (K.O.); (M.R.); (M.J.A.); (S.T.)
- Chair of Radiation Biology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (V.S.); (K.O.); (M.R.); (M.J.A.); (S.T.)
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Rahi MS, Parekh J, Pednekar P, Parmar G, Abraham S, Nasir S, Subramaniyam R, Jeyashanmugaraja GP, Gunasekaran K. Radiation-Induced Lung Injury-Current Perspectives and Management. Clin Pract 2021; 11:410-429. [PMID: 34287252 PMCID: PMC8293129 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract11030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of localized primary malignancies involving the chest wall or intrathoracic malignancies. Secondary effects of radiotherapy on the lung result in radiation-induced lung disease. The phases of lung injury from radiation range from acute pneumonitis to chronic pulmonary fibrosis. Radiation pneumonitis is a clinical diagnosis based on the history of radiation, imaging findings, and the presence of classic symptoms after exclusion of infection, pulmonary embolism, heart failure, drug-induced pneumonitis, and progression of the primary tumor. Computed tomography (CT) is the preferred imaging modality as it provides a better picture of parenchymal changes. Lung biopsy is rarely required for the diagnosis. Treatment is necessary only for symptomatic patients. Mild symptoms can be treated with inhaled steroids while subacute to moderate symptoms with impaired lung function require oral corticosteroids. Patients who do not tolerate or are refractory to steroids can be considered for treatment with immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. Improvements in radiation technique, as well as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment with high-dose steroids, will lead to lower rates of pneumonitis and an overall good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh Rahi
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA;
| | - Jay Parekh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA; (J.P.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (G.P.J.)
| | - Prachi Pednekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA; (J.P.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (G.P.J.)
| | - Gaurav Parmar
- Department of Radiology, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA;
| | - Soniya Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA; (J.P.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (G.P.J.)
| | - Samar Nasir
- Department of Internal Medicine, University at Buffalo, 462 Grider Street, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA;
| | - Rajamurugan Subramaniyam
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, St. Louis University, 3635 Vista Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Gini Priyadharshini Jeyashanmugaraja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA; (J.P.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (G.P.J.)
| | - Kulothungan Gunasekaran
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-203-384-5009
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Late Health Effects of Partial Body Irradiation Injury in a Minipig Model Are Associated with Changes in Systemic and Cardiac IGF-1 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063286. [PMID: 33807089 PMCID: PMC8005067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical, epidemiological, and experimental evidence demonstrate non-cancer, cardiovascular, and endocrine effects of ionizing radiation exposure including growth hormone deficiency, obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling perturbations are implicated in development of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. The minipig is an emerging model for studying radiation effects given its high analogy to human anatomy and physiology. Here we use a minipig model to study late health effects of radiation by exposing male Göttingen minipigs to 1.9–2.0 Gy X-rays (lower limb tibias spared). Animals were monitored for 120 days following irradiation and blood counts, body weight, heart rate, clinical chemistry parameters, and circulating biomarkers were assessed longitudinally. Collagen deposition, histolopathology, IGF-1 signaling, and mRNA sequencing were evaluated in tissues. Our findings indicate a single exposure induced histopathological changes, attenuated circulating IGF-1, and disrupted cardiac IGF-1 signaling. Electrolytes, lipid profiles, liver and kidney markers, and heart rate and rhythm were also affected. In the heart, collagen deposition was significantly increased and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) was induced following irradiation; collagen deposition and fibrosis were also observed in the kidney of irradiated animals. Our findings show Göttingen minipigs are a suitable large animal model to study long-term effects of radiation exposure and radiation-induced inhibition of IGF-1 signaling may play a role in development of late organ injuries.
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Kwak SY, Park S, Kim H, Lee SJ, Jang WS, Kim MJ, Lee S, Jang WI, Kim AR, Kim EH, Shim S, Jang H. Atorvastatin Inhibits Endothelial PAI-1-Mediated Monocyte Migration and Alleviates Radiation-Induced Enteropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041828. [PMID: 33673196 PMCID: PMC7917640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal injury is observed in cancer patients after radiotherapy and in individuals exposed to radiation after a nuclear accident. Radiation disrupts normal vascular homeostasis in the gastrointestinal system by inducing endothelial damage and senescence. Despite advances in medical technology, the toxicity of radiation to healthy tissue remains an issue. To address this issue, we investigated the effect of atorvastatin, a commonly prescribed hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, on radiation-induced enteropathy and inflammatory responses. We selected atorvastatin based on its pleiotropic anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects. We found that atorvastatin mitigated radiation-induced endothelial damage by regulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mouse model. PAI-1 secreted by HUVECs contributed to endothelial dysfunction and trans-endothelial monocyte migration after radiation exposure. We observed that PAI-1 production and secretion was inhibited by atorvastatin in irradiated HUVECs and radiation-induced enteropathy mouse model. More specifically, atorvastatin inhibited PAI-1 production following radiation through the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. Together, our findings suggest that atorvastatin alleviates radiation-induced enteropathy and supports the investigation of atorvastatin as a radio-mitigator in patients receiving radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sehwan Shim
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (H.J.); Tel.: +82-2-3399-5873 (S.S.); +82-2-970-1302 (H.J.)
| | - Hyosun Jang
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (H.J.); Tel.: +82-2-3399-5873 (S.S.); +82-2-970-1302 (H.J.)
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Kura B, Kalocayova B, Szeiffova Bacova B, Fulop M, Sagatova A, Sykora M, Andelova K, Abuawad Z, Slezak J. The effect of selected drugs on the mitigation of myocardial injury caused by gamma radiation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:80-88. [PMID: 33438486 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiation damage of healthy tissues represents one of the complications of radiotherapy effectiveness. This study is focused on the screening of potentially effective drugs routinely used in medical practice and involved in the mechanism of radiation injury, namely for radiation-induced production of free radicals in the body. Experiments in rats revealed significant reduction of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) and inflammatory marker (tumor necrosis factor α) in 10 Gy irradiated groups after administration of atorvastatin and a slight decrease after tadalafil administration, which indicates that one of the possible mechanisms for mitigation of radiation-induced cardiac damage could be the modulation of nitric oxide (NO) in endothelium and phosphodiesterase 5. In addition, miRNAs were analyzed as potential markers and therapeutically effective molecules. Expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-15b showed the most significant changes after irradiation. Atorvastatin and tadalafil normalized changes of miRNA (miRNA-1, miRNA-15b, miRNA-21) expression levels in irradiated hearts. This screening study concludes that administration of specific drugs could mitigate the negative impact of radiation on the heart, but more detailed experiments oriented to other aspects of drug effectiveness and their exact mechanisms are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Kura
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbara Szeiffova Bacova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marko Fulop
- Slovak Medical University, 831 01, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Sagatova
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute of Nuclear and Physical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Matus Sykora
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Andelova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ziad Abuawad
- Faculty of Public Health, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Jan Slezak
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Wang B, Wang H, Zhang M, Ji R, Wei J, Xin Y, Jiang X. Radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis: Mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7717-7729. [PMID: 32536032 PMCID: PMC7348163 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis (RIMF) is a potentially lethal clinical complication of chest radiotherapy (RT) and a final stage of radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). RIMF is characterized by decreased ventricular elasticity and distensibility, which can result in decreased ejection fraction, heart failure and even sudden cardiac death. Together, these conditions impair the long-term health of post-RT survivors and limit the dose and intensity of RT required to effectively kill tumour cells. Although the exact mechanisms involving in RIMF are unclear, increasing evidence indicates that the occurrence of RIMF is related to various cells, regulatory molecules and cytokines. However, accurately diagnosing and identifying patients who may progress to RIMF has been challenging. Despite the urgent need for an effective treatment, there is currently no medical therapy for RIMF approved for routine clinical application. In this review, we investigated the underlying pathophysiology involved in the initiation and progression of RIMF before outlining potential preventative and therapeutic strategies to counter this toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of RadiobiologySchool of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of RadiobiologySchool of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Research CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of BiologyValencia CollegeOrlandoFLUSA
| | - Jinlong Wei
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of PathobiologyMinistry of EducationJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of RadiobiologySchool of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
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Ping Z, Peng Y, Lang H, Xinyong C, Zhiyi Z, Xiaocheng W, Hong Z, Liang S. Oxidative Stress in Radiation-Induced Cardiotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3579143. [PMID: 32190171 PMCID: PMC7071808 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3579143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a distinct increase in the risk of heart disease in people exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is one of the adverse side effects when people are exposed to ionizing radiation. IR may come from various forms, such as diagnostic imaging, radiotherapy for cancer treatment, nuclear disasters, and accidents. However, RIHD was mainly observed after radiotherapy for chest malignant tumors, especially left breast cancer. Radiation therapy (RT) has become one of the main ways to treat all kinds of cancer, which is used to reduce the recurrence of cancer and improve the survival rate of patients. The potential cause of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity is unclear, but it may be relevant to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupts intracellular homeostasis through chemical modification and damages proteins, lipids, and DNA; therefore, it results in a series of related pathophysiological changes. The purpose of this review was to summarise the studies of oxidative stress in radiotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and provide prevention and treatment methods to reduce cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Ping
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong Lang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China
| | - Cai Xinyong
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China
| | - Zeng Zhiyi
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China
| | - Wu Xiaocheng
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China
| | - Zeng Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China
| | - Shao Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China
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Kura B, Kalocayova B, Devaux Y, Bartekova M. Potential Clinical Implications of miR-1 and miR-21 in Heart Disease and Cardioprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030700. [PMID: 31973111 PMCID: PMC7037063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in non-coding RNAs, which started more than a decade ago, has still not weakened. A wealth of experimental and clinical studies has suggested the potential of non-coding RNAs, especially the short-sized microRNAs (miRs), to be used as the new generation of therapeutic targets and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, an ever-growing public health issue in the modern world. Among the hundreds of miRs characterized so far, microRNA-1 (miR-1) and microRNA-21 (miR-21) have received some attention and have been associated with cardiac injury and cardioprotection. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge of the function of these two miRs in the heart, their association with cardiac injury, and their potential cardioprotective roles and biomarker value. While this field has already been extensively studied, much remains to be done before research findings can be translated into clinical application for patient’s benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Kura
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (B.K.)
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Monika Bartekova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (B.K.)
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-3229-5427
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12
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Huang J, Qi Z, Chen M, Xiao T, Guan J, Zhou M, Wang Q, Lin Z, Wang Z. Serum amyloid A1 as a biomarker for radiation dose estimation and lethality prediction in irradiated mouse. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:715. [PMID: 32042731 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Fast and reliable biomarkers are needed to distinguish whether individuals were exposed or not to radiation and assess radiation dose, and to predict the severity of radiation damage in a large-scale radiation accident. Serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) is a protein induced by multiple factors including inflammatory. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring the role of SAA1 in the radiation dose estimation and lethality prediction after radiation. Methods C57BL/6J female mice were exposed to total body irradiation (TBI) at different doses and time points and amifostine, a drug used to reduce the side effects of radiotherapy, was injected before irradiation. Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma subjected to radiotherapy were used as the irradiation model in humans. Results A moderate SAA1 increase was observed at 6 hours in serum samples from irradiated mice at all doses used, with a peak at 12 hours, then decreased to day 3 after exposure. A second SAA1 increase was observed from day 5 to 7, which was associated to subsequent lethality. Treatment with amifostine before irradiation could prevent mice death and inhibit the second SAA1 increase. SAA1 increase after radiation was confirmed in human serum of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy. Conclusions Serum SAA1 levels could represent a biomarker for radiation dose estimation and its second increase might be a useful lethality indicator after radiation in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Huang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhenhua Qi
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhongwu Lin
- Science Research Management Department of the Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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13
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Hasan HF, Radwan RR, Galal SM. Bradykinin‐potentiating factor isolated from
Leiurus quinquestriatus
scorpion venom alleviates cardiomyopathy in irradiated rats
via
remodelling of the RAAS pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:263-273. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Farouk Hasan
- Radiation Biology Department National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT) Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt
| | - Rasha R. Radwan
- Drug Radiation Research Department National Center for Radiation Research and Technology Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt
| | - Shereen Mohamed Galal
- Health Radiation Research Department National Center for Radiation Research and Technology Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt
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14
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Gvozdjáková A, Kucharská J, Kura B, Vančová O, Rausová Z, Sumbalová Z, Uličná O, Slezák J. A new insight into the molecular hydrogen effect on coenzyme Q and mitochondrial function of rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 98:29-34. [PMID: 31536712 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the major source of cellular energy metabolism. In the cardiac cells, mitochondria produce by way of the oxidative phosphorylation more than 90% of the energy supply in the form of ATP, which is utilized in many ATP-dependent processes, like cycling of the contractile proteins or maintaining ion gradients. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of cellular metabolism and their levels are controlled by intracellular antioxidant systems. Imbalance between ROS and the antioxidant defense leads to oxidative stress and oxidative changes to cellular biomolecules. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been proved as beneficial in the prevention and therapy of various diseases including cardiovascular disorders. It selectively scavenges hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite, reduces oxidative stress, and has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. The effect of H2 on the myocardial mitochondrial function and coenzyme Q levels is not well known. In this paper, we demonstrated that consumption of H2-rich water (HRW) resulted in stimulated rat cardiac mitochondrial electron respiratory chain function and increased levels of ATP production by Complex I and Complex II substrates. Similarly, coenzyme Q9 levels in the rat plasma, myocardial tissue, and mitochondria were increased and malondialdehyde level in plasma was reduced after HRW administration. Based on obtained data, we hypothesize a new metabolic pathway of the H2 effect in mitochondria on the Q-cycle and in mitochondrial respiratory chain function. The Q-cycle contains three coenzyme Q forms: coenzyme Q in oxidized form (ubiquinone), radical form (semiquinone), or reduced form (ubiquinol). H2 may be a donor of both electron and proton in the Q-cycle and thus we can suppose stimulation of coenzyme Q production. When ubiquinone is reduced to ubiquinol, lipid peroxidation is reduced. Increased CoQ9 concentration can stimulate electron transport from Complex I and Complex II to Complex III and increase ATP production via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Our results indicate that H2 may function to prevent/treat disease states with disrupted myocardial mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gvozdjáková
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jarmila Kucharská
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Branislav Kura
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ol'ga Vančová
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Rausová
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Sumbalová
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ol'ga Uličná
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Slezák
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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15
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Zhan W, Liao X, Li L, Chen Z, Tian T, Yu L, Chen Z. In vitro mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant peptide induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7297-7306. [PMID: 31686844 PMCID: PMC6738130 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s207640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are major contributors to cancer and involved in numerous tumor proliferation signaling pathways. Mitochondria are the major ROS-producing organelles, and ROS are produced from the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate and cell metabolism. Methods A novel mitochondria-targeted peptide, namely KRSH, was synthesized and characterized. KRSH consists of four amino acids; lysine and arginine contain positively charged groups that help KRSH target the mitochondria, while tyrosine and cysteine neutralize excessive endogenous ROS, thereby inhibiting tumorigenesis. Results The results indicated that KRSH is specifically inhibiting the growth of HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. However, MCF10A cells can resist the effects of KRSH even in a relative higher concentration. The dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate and MitoSOXTM Red assay suggested that KRSH drastically decreased the level of ROS in cancer cells. The mitochondrial depolarization assay indicated that treatment with KRSH at a dose of 50 nM may decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential leading to apoptosis of HeLa and MCF-7 cells. Conclusion In other studies, investigating rat liver mitochondria, the uptake of KRSH may reach 80% compared with that for mitoquinone. Therefore, KRSH was designed as a superior peptide antioxidant and a mitochondria-targeting anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liao
- Department of Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianghe Li
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongsheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Pathology, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zupeng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
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16
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Wang H, Wei J, Zheng Q, Meng L, Xin Y, Yin X, Jiang X. Radiation-induced heart disease: a review of classification, mechanism and prevention. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2128-2138. [PMID: 31592122 PMCID: PMC6775290 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of thoracic tumors, radiation therapy (RT) has become an important component of comprehensive treatment. RT improves survival in many cancers, but it involves some inevitable complications. Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is one of the most serious complications. RIHD comprises a spectrum of heart disease including cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease and conduction system abnormalities. There are numerous clinical manifestations of RIHD, such as chest pain, palpitation, and dyspnea, even without obvious symptoms. Based on previous studies, the pathogenesis of RIHD is related to the production and effects of various cytokines caused by endothelial injury, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress (OS). Therefore, it is of great importance for clinicians to identify the mechanism and propose interventions for the prevention of RIHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heru Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jinlong Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qingshuang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL 32804,USA
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xia Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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17
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LeBaron TW, Kura B, Kalocayova B, Tribulova N, Slezak J. A New Approach for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders. Molecular Hydrogen Significantly Reduces the Effects of Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2019; 24:E2076. [PMID: 31159153 PMCID: PMC6600250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Redox dysregulation and a dyshomeostasis of inflammation arise from, and result in, cellular aberrations and pathological conditions, which lead to cardiovascular diseases. Despite years of intensive research, there is still no safe and effective method for their prevention and treatment. Recently, molecular hydrogen has been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies on various diseases associated with oxidative and inflammatory stress such as radiation-induced heart disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial and brain infarction, storage of the heart, heart transplantation, etc. Hydrogen is primarily administered via inhalation, drinking hydrogen-rich water, or injection of hydrogen-rich saline. It favorably modulates signal transduction and gene expression resulting in suppression of proinflammatory cytokines, excess ROS production, and in the activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant transcription factor. Although H2 appears to be an important biological molecule with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, the exact mechanisms of action remain elusive. There is no reported clinical toxicity; however, some data suggests that H2 has a mild hormetic-like effect, which likely mediate some of its benefits. The mechanistic data, coupled with the pre-clinical and clinical studies, suggest that H2 may be useful for ROS/inflammation-induced cardiotoxicity and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W LeBaron
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 841 04, Slovak Republic.
- Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Enoch City, UT, 847 21, USA.
| | - Branislav Kura
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 841 04, Slovak Republic.
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 841 04, Slovak Republic.
| | - Narcis Tribulova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 841 04, Slovak Republic.
| | - Jan Slezak
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 841 04, Slovak Republic.
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18
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Zhang YR, Wang JY, Li YY, Meng YY, Zhang Y, Yang FJ, Xu WQ. Design and synthesis a mitochondria-targeted dihydronicotinamide as radioprotector. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 136:45-51. [PMID: 30946960 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced damage to the mitochondrial macromolecules and electron transfer chain (ETC), causing the generation of primary and secondary reactive oxygen (ROS) species. The continuous ROS production after radiation will trigger cell oxidative stress and ROS-mediated nucleus apoptosis and autophagy signaling pathways. Scavenging radiation-induced ROS effectively can help mitochondria to maintain their physiological function and relief cells from oxidative stress. Nicotinamide is a critical endogenous antioxidant helping to neutralize ROS in vivo. In this study, we designed and synthetized a novel mitochondrial-targeted dihydronicotinamide (Mito-N) with the help of mitochondrial membrane potential to enter the mitochondria and scavenge ROS. According to experiment results, Mito-N significantly increased cell viability by 30.75% by neutralizing the accumulated ROS and resisting DNA strands breaks after irradiation. Furthermore, the mice survival rate also improved with the treatment of Mito-N, by effectively ameliorating the hematopoietic system infliction under lethal dose irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun-Ying Wang
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Fu-Jun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Qing Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
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19
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LeBaron TW, Laher I, Kura B, Slezak J. Hydrogen gas: from clinical medicine to an emerging ergogenic molecule for sports athletes 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:797-807. [PMID: 30970215 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
H2 has been clinically demonstrated to provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which makes it an attractive agent in exercise medicine. Although exercise provides a multiplicity of benefits including decreased risk of disease, it can also have detrimental effects. For example, chronic high-intensity exercise in elite athletes, or sporadic bouts of exercise (i.e., noxious exercise) in untrained individuals, result in similar pathological factors such as inflammation, oxidation, and cellular damage that arise from and result in disease. Paradoxically, exercise-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species largely mediate the benefits of exercise. Ingestion of conventional antioxidants and anti-inflammatories often impairs exercise-induced training adaptations. Disease and noxious forms of exercise promote redox dysregulation and chronic inflammation, changes that are mitigated by H2 administration. Beneficial exercise and H2 administration promote cytoprotective hormesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, ATP production, increased NAD+/NADH ratio, cytoprotective phase II enzymes, heat-shock proteins, sirtuins, etc. We review the biomedical effects of exercise and those of H2, and we propose that hydrogen may act as an exercise mimetic and redox adaptogen, potentiate the benefits from beneficial exercise, and reduce the harm from noxious exercise. However, more research is warranted to elucidate the potential ergogenic and therapeutic effects of H2 in exercise medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W LeBaron
- Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Utah, USA.,Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 217 - 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Branislav Kura
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Slezak
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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20
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Biological Cardiac Tissue Effects of High-Energy Heavy Ions - Investigation for Myocardial Ablation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5000. [PMID: 30899027 PMCID: PMC6428839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive X-ray stereotactic treatment is considered a promising alternative to catheter ablation in patients affected by severe heart arrhythmia. High-energy heavy ions can deliver high radiation doses in small targets with reduced damage to the normal tissue compared to conventional X-rays. For this reason, charged particle therapy, widely used in oncology, can be a powerful tool for radiosurgery in cardiac diseases. We have recently performed a feasibility study in a swine model using high doses of high-energy C-ions to target specific cardiac structures. Interruption of cardiac conduction was observed in some animals. Here we report the biological effects measured in the pig heart tissue of the same animals six months after the treatment. Immunohistological analysis of the target tissue showed (1.) long-lasting vascular damage, i.e. persistent hemorrhage, loss of microvessels, and occurrence of siderophages, (2.) fibrosis and (3.) loss of polarity of targeted cardiomyocytes and wavy fibers with vacuolization. We conclude that the observed physiological changes in heart function are produced by radiation-induced fibrosis and cardiomyocyte functional inactivation. No effects were observed in the normal tissue traversed by the particle beam, suggesting that charged particles have the potential to produce ablation of specific heart targets with minimal side effects.
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21
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Regulation of microRNAs by molecular hydrogen contributes to the prevention of radiation-induced damage in the rat myocardium. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 457:61-72. [PMID: 30830529 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large class of post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. It has been estimated that miRNAs regulate up to 30% of the protein-coding genes in humans. They are implicated in many physiological and pathological processes, including those involved in radiation-induced heart damage. Biomedical studies indicate that molecular hydrogen has potential as a radioprotective agent due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and signal-modulating effects. However, the impact of molecular hydrogen on the expression of miRNAs in the heart after irradiation has not been investigated. This study aimed to explore the involvement of miRNA-1, -15b, and -21 in the protective action of molecular hydrogen on rat myocardium damaged by irradiation. The results showed that the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) increased in the rat myocardium after irradiation. Treatment with molecular hydrogen-rich water (HRW) reduced these values to the level of non-irradiated controls. miRNA-1 is known to be involved in cardiac hypertrophy, and was significantly decreased in the rat myocardium after irradiation. Application of HRW attenuated this decrease in all evaluated time periods. miRNA-15b is considered to be anti-fibrotic, anti-hypertrophic, and anti-oxidative. Irradiation downregulated miRNA-15b, whereas administration of HRW restored these values. miRNA-21 is connected with cardiac fibrosis. We observed significant increase in miRNA-21 expression in the irradiated rat hearts. Molecular hydrogen lowered myocardial miRNA-21 levels after irradiation. This study revealed for the first time that the protective effects of molecular hydrogen on irradiation-induced heart damage may be mediated by regulating miRNA-1, -15b, and -21.
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22
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Baselet B, Sonveaux P, Baatout S, Aerts A. Pathological effects of ionizing radiation: endothelial activation and dysfunction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:699-728. [PMID: 30377700 PMCID: PMC6514067 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium, a tissue that forms a single layer of cells lining various organs and cavities of the body, especially the heart and blood as well as lymphatic vessels, plays a complex role in vascular biology. It contributes to key aspects of vascular homeostasis and is also involved in pathophysiological processes, such as thrombosis, inflammation, and hypertension. Epidemiological data show that high doses of ionizing radiation lead to cardiovascular disease over time. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on endothelial cell activation and dysfunction after ionizing radiation exposure as a central feature preceding the development of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Aerts
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium.
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23
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Lawrenson R, Lao C, Ali A, Campbell I. Impact of radiotherapy on cardiovascular health of women with breast cancer. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2018; 63:250-256. [PMID: 30556371 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to examine the impact of radiotherapy on the cardiovascular health of women diagnosed with breast cancer in the Waikato region in New Zealand. METHODS Women diagnosed with stage 0-III breast cancer and recorded in the Waikato Breast Cancer Registry were divided into two groups: a radiotherapy group and a no-radiotherapy group. Baseline characteristics and treatments were compared in the two groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cox Proportional Hazard regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratio of radiotherapy on the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality while adjusting for other factors. RESULTS A total of 3528 women were included in this study, with 2303 in the radiotherapy group and 1225 in the no-radiotherapy group. At 10-year follow-up, 11.7% of women in the radiotherapy group and 19.4% in the no-radiotherapy group experienced cardiovascular events. Only 2.3% of patients who received radiotherapy died of cardiovascular disease by 10 years compared to 7.0% in the no-radiotherapy group. After adjusting for clinically significant factors, there was unexplained reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease in the radiotherapy group compared to the no-radiotherapy group (HR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59-0.92). No significant difference was found in cardiovascular mortality between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Radiotherapy appears less likely to be offered to patients at higher risk of cardiovascular disease. No evidence of increased risk of a cardiovascular event was found in the group of women with breast cancer treated with radiotherapy and current regimens appear safe. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors remain the main culprits in this setting. Clinicians should work with patients in managing these risk factors for optimal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Lawrenson
- Waikato Medical Research Centre, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Chunhuan Lao
- Waikato Medical Research Centre, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ian Campbell
- School of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Irradiation-Induced Cardiac Connexin-43 and miR-21 Responses Are Hampered by Treatment with Atorvastatin and Aspirin. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041128. [PMID: 29642568 PMCID: PMC5979305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation of the chest during cancer therapy is deleterious to the heart, mostly due to oxidative stress and inflammation related injury. A single sub-lethal dose of irradiation has been shown to result in compensatory up-regulation of the myocardial connexin-43 (Cx43), activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) signaling along with the decline of microRNA (miR)-1 and an increase of miR-21 levels in the left ventricle (LV). We investigated whether drugs with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory or vasodilating properties, such as aspirin, atorvastatin, and sildenafil, may affect myocardial response in the LV and right ventricle (RV) following chest irradiation. Adult, male Wistar rats were subjected to a single sub-lethal dose of chest radiation at 25 Gy and treated with aspirin (3 mg/day), atorvastatin (0.25 mg/day), and sildenafil (0.3 mg/day) for six weeks. Cx43, PKCε and PKCδ proteins expression and levels of miR-1 as well as miR-21 were determined in the LV and RV. Results showed that the suppression of miR-1 was associated with an increase of total and phosphorylated forms of Cx43 as well as PKCε expression in the LV while having no effect in the RV post-irradiation as compared to the non-irradiated rats. Treatment with aspirin and atorvastatin prevented an increase in the expression of Cx43 and PKCε without change in the miR-1 levels. Furthermore, treatment with aspirin, atorvastatin, and sildenafil completely prevented an increase of miR-21 in the LV while having partial effect in the RV post irradiation. The increase in pro-apoptotic PKCδ was not affected by any of the used treatment. In conclusion, irradiation and drug-induced changes were less pronounced in the RV as compared to the LV. Treatment with aspirin and atorvastatin interfered with irradiation-induced compensatory changes in myocardial Cx43 protein and miR-21 by preventing their elevation, possibly via amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Slezak J, Kura B, Babal P, Barancik M, Ferko M, Frimmel K, Kalocayova B, Kukreja RC, Lazou A, Mezesova L, Okruhlicova L, Ravingerova T, Singal PK, Szeiffova Bacova B, Viczenczova C, Vrbjar N, Tribulova N. Potential markers and metabolic processes involved in the mechanism of radiation-induced heart injury. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1190-1203. [PMID: 28750189 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation of normal tissues leads to acute increase in reactive oxygen/nitrogen species that serve as intra- and inter-cellular signaling to alter cell and tissue function. In the case of chest irradiation, it can affect the heart, blood vessels, and lungs, with consequent tissue remodelation and adverse side effects and symptoms. This complex process is orchestrated by a large number of interacting molecular signals, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Inflammation, endothelial cell dysfunction, thrombogenesis, organ dysfunction, and ultimate failing of the heart occur as a pathological entity - "radiation-induced heart disease" (RIHD) that is major source of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this review is to bring insights into the basic mechanisms of RIHD that may lead to the identification of targets for intervention in the radiotherapy side effect. Studies of authors also provide knowledge about how to select targeted drugs or biological molecules to modify the progression of radiation damage in the heart. New prospective studies are needed to validate that assessed factors and changes are useful as early markers of cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Slezak
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Kura
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Babal
- b Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Barancik
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Ferko
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karel Frimmel
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rakesh C Kukreja
- c Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Antigone Lazou
- d School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lucia Mezesova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludmila Okruhlicova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tanya Ravingerova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pawan K Singal
- e University of Manitoba, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | | | - Csilla Viczenczova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Norbert Vrbjar
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Narcis Tribulova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Azimzadeh O, Subramanian V, Ständer S, Merl-Pham J, Lowe D, Barjaktarovic Z, Moertl S, Raj K, Atkinson MJ, Tapio S. Proteome analysis of irradiated endothelial cells reveals persistent alteration in protein degradation and the RhoGDI and NO signalling pathways. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:920-928. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1339332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azimzadeh
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vikram Subramanian
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Ständer
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, München, Germany
| | - Donna Lowe
- Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemicals and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - Zarko Barjaktarovic
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Moertl
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ken Raj
- Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemicals and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - Michael J. Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Radiation Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
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Kura B, Babal P, Slezak J. Implication of microRNAs in the development and potential treatment of radiation-induced heart disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1236-1244. [PMID: 28679064 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the most commonly used methodology to treat oncological disease, one of the most widespread causes of death worldwide. Oncological patients cured by radiotherapy applied to the mediastinal area have been shown to suffer from cardiovascular disease. The increase in the prevalence of radiation-induced heart disease has emphasized the need to seek new therapeutic targets to mitigate the negative impact of radiation on the heart. In this regard, microRNAs (miRNAs) have received considerable interest. miRNAs regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by their ability to target various mRNA sequences because of their imperfect pairing with mRNAs. It has been recognized that miRNAs modulate a diverse spectrum of cardiac functions with developmental, pathophysiological, and clinical implications. This makes them promising potential targets for diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes the recent findings about the possible involvement of miRNAs in radiation-induced heart disease and their potential use as diagnostic or treatment targets in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Kura
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavel Babal
- b Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Slezak
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Viczenczova C, Kura B, Chaudagar KK, Szeiffova Bacova B, Egan Benova T, Barancik M, Knezl V, Ravingerova T, Tribulova N, Slezak J. Myocardial connexin-43 is upregulated in response to acute cardiac injury in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:911-919. [PMID: 28459162 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to explore whether myocardial intercellular channel protein connexin-43 (Cx43) along with PKCε and MMP-2 might be implicated in responses to acute cardiac injury induced by 2 distinct sublethal interventions in Wistar rats. Animals underwent either single chest irradiation at dose of 25 Gy or subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (ISO, 120 mg/kg) and were compared with untreated controls. Forty-two days post-interventions, the hearts were excised and left ventricles were used for analysis. The findings showed an increase of total as well as phosphorylated forms of myocardial Cx43 regardless of the type of interventions. Enhanced phosphorylation of Cx43 coincided with increased PKCε expression in both models. Elevation of Cx43 was associated with its enhanced distribution on lateral surfaces of the cardiomyocytes in response to both interventions, while focal areas of fibrosis without Cx43 were found in post-ISO but not post-irradiated rat hearts. In parallel, MMP-2 activity was decreased in the former while increased in the latter. Cardiac function was maintained and the susceptibility of the hearts to ischemia or malignant arrhythmias was not deteriorated 42 days after interventions when compared with controls. Altogether, the findings indicate that myocardial Cx43 is most likely implicated in potentially salutary responses to acute heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Viczenczova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Branislav Kura
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | - Tamara Egan Benova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Barancik
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimir Knezl
- c Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tana Ravingerova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Narcis Tribulova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Slezak
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Slezák J, Kura B, Frimmel K, Zálešák M, Ravingerová T, Viczenczová C, Okruhlicová Ľ, Tribulová N. Preventive and therapeutic application of molecular hydrogen in situations with excessive production of free radicals. Physiol Res 2017; 65 Suppl 1:S11-28. [PMID: 27643933 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive production of oxygen free radicals has been regarded as a causative common denominator of many pathological processes in the animal kingdom. Hydroxyl and nitrosyl radicals represent the major cause of the destruction of biomolecules either by a direct reaction or by triggering a chain reaction of free radicals. Scavenging of free radicals may act preventively or therapeutically. A number of substances that preferentially react with free radicals can serve as scavengers, thus increasing the internal capacity/activity of endogenous antioxidants and protecting cells and tissues against oxidative damage. Molecular hydrogen (H(2)) reacts with strong oxidants, such as hydroxyl and nitrosyl radicals, in the cells, that enables utilization of its potential for preventive and therapeutic applications. H(2) rapidly diffuses into tissues and cells without affecting metabolic redox reactions and signaling reactive species. H(2) reduces oxidative stress also by regulating gene expression, and functions as an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic agent. There is a growing body of evidence based on the results of animal experiments and clinical observations that H(2) may represent an effective antioxidant for the prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases. Application of molecular hydrogen in situations with excessive production of free radicals, in particular, hydroxyl and nitrosyl radicals is relatively simple and effective, therefore, it deserves special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Slezák
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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KURA B, YIN C, FRIMMEL K, KRIZAK J, OKRUHLICOVA L, KUKREJA RC, SLEZAK J. Changes of MicroRNA-1, -15b and -21 Levels in Irradiated Rat Hearts After Treatment With Potentially Radioprotective Drugs. Physiol Res 2016; 65 Suppl 1:S129-37. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) (miRNA-1, -15b and -21) in the rat myocardium after a single dose of ionizing radiation (6-7 Gy/min, total 25 Gy). The rats were treated with selected drugs (Atorvastatin, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), Tadalafil, Enbrel) for six weeks after irradiation. MiRNAs levels were measured by RT-qPCR. Irradiation down-regulated miRNA-1 in irradiated hearts. In Tadalafil- and Atorvastatin-treated groups, miRNA-1 expression levels were further decreased compared with irradiated controls. However, Enbrel increased miRNA-1 level in irradiated hearts similarly to that in non-irradiated untreated group. Increase of miRNA-15b is pro-apoptotic in relationship with ischemia. Irradiation caused down-regulation of miRNA-15b. Administration of ASA in the irradiated group resulted in the increase of miRNA-15b expression compared to non-treated controls without irradiation. After Enbrel administration, miRNA-15b levels were overexpressed compared to non-treated normal group. MiRNA-21 belongs to the most markedly up-regulated miRNAs in response to cardiogenic stress. MiRNA-21 was increased nearly 2-fold compared to non-treated hearts whereas Tadalafil reduced miRNA-21 levels (about 40 %). Our study suggests that Enbrel and Tadalafil changed miRNAs expression values of the irradiated rats to the values of non-irradiated controls, thus they might be helpful in mitigation of radiation-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. KURA
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Zeng YC, Chi F, Xing R, Zeng J, Gao S, Chen JJ, Wang HM, Duan QY, Sun YN, Niu N, Tang MY, Wu R. Sestrin2 protects the myocardium against radiation-induced damage. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:195-202. [PMID: 26980623 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-016-0643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Sestrin2 in response to radiation-induced injury to the heart and on the cardiomyopathy development in the mouse. Mice with genetic deletion of the Sestrin2 (Sestrin2 knockout mice [Sestrin2 KO]) and treatment with irradiation (22 or 15 Gy) were used as independent approaches to determine the role of Sestrin2. Echocardiography (before and after isoproterenol challenge) and left ventricular (LV) catheterization were performed to evaluate changes in LV dimensions and function. Masson's trichrome was used to assess myocardial fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the capillary density. After 22 or 15 Gy irradiation, the LV ejection fraction (EF) was impaired in wt mice at 1 week and 4 months after irradiation when compared with sham irradiation. Compared to wt mice, Sestrin2 KO mice had significant reduction in reduced LVEF at 1 week and 4 months after irradiation. A significant increase in LV end-diastolic pressure and myocardial fibrosis and a significant decrease in capillary density were observed in irradiation-wt mice, as well as in irradiation-Sestrin2 KO mice. Sestrin2 involved in the regulation of cardiomyopathy (such as myocardial fibrosis) after irradiation. Overexpression of Sestrin2 might be useful in limiting radiation-induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Can Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Feng Chi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Rui Xing
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Jia-Jia Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Hong-Mei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiong-Yu Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Yu-Nan Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Nan Niu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Mei-Yue Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, China.
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Laube M, Kniess T, Pietzsch J. Development of Antioxidant COX-2 Inhibitors as Radioprotective Agents for Radiation Therapy-A Hypothesis-Driven Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5020014. [PMID: 27104573 PMCID: PMC4931535 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) evolved to be a primary treatment modality for cancer patients. Unfortunately, the cure or relief of symptoms is still accompanied by radiation-induced side effects with severe acute and late pathophysiological consequences. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are potentially useful in this regard because radioprotection of normal tissue and/or radiosensitizing effects on tumor tissue have been described for several compounds of this structurally diverse class. This review aims to substantiate the hypothesis that antioxidant COX-2 inhibitors are promising radioprotectants because of intercepting radiation-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in normal tissue, especially the vascular system. For this, literature reporting on COX inhibitors exerting radioprotective and/or radiosensitizing action as well as on antioxidant COX inhibitors will be reviewed comprehensively with the aim to find cross-points of both and, by that, stimulate further research in the field of radioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laube
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden D-01328, Germany.
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden D-01328, Germany.
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden D-01328, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden D-01062, Germany.
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