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Berezina TA, Berezin OO, Hoppe UC, Lichtenauer M, Berezin AE. Trajectory of Irisin as a Predictor of Kidney-Related Outcomes in Patients with Asymptomatic Heart Failure. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1827. [PMID: 39200291 PMCID: PMC11352030 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to elucidate whether irisin is a promising predictive biomarker for kidney-related events in patients with T2DM and concomitant asymptomatic HF. We prospectively enrolled 146 T2DM patients who had either evidence of structural cardiac abnormality or elevated levels of N-terminal brain natriuretic pro-peptide (NT-proBNP) > 125 pmol/mL and followed them for 52 weeks. Structural cardiac abnormalities were used as the minimum from the following criteria: abnormal left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) < -16%, LV hypertrophy, left atrial volume index > 34 mL/m2, abnormal ratio of early transmitral diastolic filling velocity/early mitral annular velocity ≥ 13 units. All the patients underwent echocardiographic and Doppler examinations by two blinded, highly experienced echocardiographers. NT-proBNP, irisin, TNF-alpha, and hs-CRP were quantified in the serum at baseline, at 26 weeks, and at the end of the study. The kidney-related outcomes consisted of an eGFR reduction by 40% from baseline, or end-stage kidney disease, or kidney replacement therapy. We found that levels of irisin at baseline < 4.15 ng/mL and/or its decrease > 20% from baseline in T2DM patients predicted kidney-related events better than baseline levels/dynamic NT-proBNP and the use of SGLT2 inhibitors. In conclusion, we established that a low baseline level of irisin and its 20% decrease correlated with newly kidney-related events in T2DM patients with asymptomatic HFpEF/HFmrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana A. Berezina
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, VitaCenter, 69000 Zaporozhye, Ukraine;
| | - Oleksandr O. Berezin
- Departament of Alter Psychiatrie, Luzerner Psychiatrie AG, 4915 St. Urban, Switzerland
| | - Uta C. Hoppe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Alexander E. Berezin
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
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Zheng H, Zheng Y, Huang W, Jiang L, Liu S, Miao P, Zhu N, Cao RY. Exploration of the Potential Biomarker FNDC5 for Discriminating Heart Failure in Patients with Coronary Atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:795-802. [PMID: 38376700 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis leading to ischemic artery disease is one of the etiological factors to develop heart failure (HF). This study aimed to investigate potential biomarkers for discriminating HF in atherosclerotic patients. This study included 40 consecutive atherosclerotic patients who underwent angiography. Concentrations of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5), and Phosphodiesterase 9A (PDE9A) were measured in 20 atherosclerotic patients with HF symptoms/signs and 20 without HF symptoms/signs. Circulating BNP levels were elevated, while FNDC5 levels were reduced in atherosclerotic patients with HF symptoms/signs compared to those without HF symptoms/signs. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between FNDC5 and BNP. Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis indicated that both FNDC5 and BNP were able to discriminate HF in atherosclerotic patients. Our findings suggest that FNDC5, along with BNP, has independent value as a biomarker for discriminating HF in patients with coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Zheng
- Biomarker Exploring Program, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuntao Zheng
- Biomarker Exploring Program, Shanghai Xuhui Dahua Hospital, 901 Laohumin Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Biomarker Exploring Program, Shanghai Xuhui Dahua Hospital, 901 Laohumin Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Biomarker Exploring Program, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Biomarker Exploring Program, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Peizhi Miao
- Biomarker Exploring Program, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Biomarker Exploring Program, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Richard Y Cao
- Biomarker Exploring Program, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Berezin OO, Berezina TA, Hoppe UC, Lichtenauer M, Berezin AE. Diagnostic and predictive abilities of myokines in patients with heart failure. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 142:45-98. [PMID: 39059994 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Myokines are defined as a heterogenic group of numerous cytokines, peptides and metabolic derivates, which are expressed, synthesized, produced, and released by skeletal myocytes and myocardial cells and exert either auto- and paracrine, or endocrine effects. Previous studies revealed that myokines play a pivotal role in mutual communications between skeletal muscles, myocardium and remote organs, such as brain, vasculature, bone, liver, pancreas, white adipose tissue, gut, and skin. Despite several myokines exert complete divorced biological effects mainly in regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, residential cells differentiation, neovascularization/angiogenesis, vascular integrity, endothelial function, inflammation and apoptosis/necrosis, attenuating ischemia/hypoxia and tissue protection, tumor growth and malignance, for other occasions, their predominant effects affect energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, adiposity, muscle training adaptation and food behavior. Last decade had been identified 250 more myokines, which have been investigating for many years further as either biomarkers or targets for heart failure management. However, only few myokines have been allocated to a promising tool for monitoring adverse cardiac remodeling, ischemia/hypoxia-related target-organ dysfunction, microvascular inflammation, sarcopenia/myopathy and prediction for poor clinical outcomes among patients with HF. This we concentrate on some most plausible myokines, such as myostatin, myonectin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, muslin, fibroblast growth factor 21, irisin, leukemia inhibitory factor, developmental endothelial locus-1, interleukin-6, nerve growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1, which are suggested to be useful biomarkers for HF development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr O Berezin
- Luzerner Psychiatrie AG, Department of Senior Psychiatrie, St. Urban, Switzerland
| | - Tetiana A Berezina
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, VitaCenter, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Uta C Hoppe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander E Berezin
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
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Flori L, Benedetti G, Calderone V, Testai L. Hydrogen Sulfide and Irisin, Potential Allies in Ensuring Cardiovascular Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:543. [PMID: 38790648 PMCID: PMC11118251 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a myokine secreted under the influence of physical activity and exposure to low temperatures and through different exogenous stimuli by the cleavage of its precursor, fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). It is mainly known for maintaining of metabolic homeostasis, promoting the browning of white adipose tissue, the thermogenesis process, and glucose homeostasis. Growing experimental evidence suggests the possible central role of irisin in the regulation of cardiometabolic pathophysiological processes. On the other side, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is well recognized as a pleiotropic gasotransmitter that regulates several homeostatic balances and physiological functions and takes part in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. Through the S-persulfidation of cysteine protein residues, H2S is capable of interacting with crucial signaling pathways, exerting beneficial effects in regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis as well. H2S and irisin seem to be intertwined; indeed, recently, H2S was found to regulate irisin secretion by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)/FNDC5/irisin signaling pathway, and they share several mechanisms of action. Their involvement in metabolic diseases is confirmed by the detection of their lower circulating levels in obese and diabetic subjects. Along with the importance of metabolic disorders, these modulators exert favorable effects against cardiovascular diseases, preventing incidents of hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. This review, for the first time, aims to explore the role of H2S and irisin and their possible crosstalk in cardiovascular diseases, pointing out the main effects exerted through the common molecular pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (G.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Giada Benedetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (G.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (G.B.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (G.B.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
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Elahimanesh M, Shokri N, Mahdinia E, Mohammadi P, Parvaz N, Najafi M. Differential gene expression patterns in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction and Non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3424. [PMID: 38341440 PMCID: PMC10858964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54086-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and Non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) might occur because of coronary artery stenosis. The gene biomarkers apply to the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic decisions in Myocardial Infarction. The aim of this study was to introduce, enrich and estimate timely the blood gene profiles based on the high-throughput data for the molecular distinction of STEMI and NSTEMI. The text mining data (50 genes) annotated with DisGeNET data (144 genes) were merged with the GEO gene expression data (5 datasets) using R software. Then, the STEMI and NSTEMI networks were primarily created using the STRING server, and improved using the Cytoscape software. The high-score genes were enriched using the KEGG signaling pathways and Gene Ontology (GO). Furthermore, the genes were categorized to determine the NSTEMI and STEMI gene profiles. The time cut-off points were identified statistically by monitoring the gene profiles up to 30 days after Myocardial Infarction (MI). The gene heatmaps were clearly created for the STEMI (high-fold genes 69, low-fold genes 45) and NSTEMI (high-fold genes 68, low-fold genes 36). The STEMI and NSTEMI networks suggested the high-score gene profiles. Furthermore, the gene enrichment suggested the different biological conditions for STEMI and NSTEMI. The time cut-off points for the NSTEMI (4 genes) and STEMI (13 genes) gene profiles were established up to three days after Myocardial Infarction. The study showed the different pathophysiologic conditions for STEMI and NSTEMI. Furthermore, the high-score gene profiles are suggested to measure up to 3 days after MI to distinguish the STEMI and NSTEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Elahimanesh
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Shokri
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Mahdinia
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Mohammadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Parvaz
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang L, Kulthinee S, Slate-Romano J, Zhao T, Shanmugam H, Dubielecka PM, Zhang LX, Qin G, Zhuang S, Chin YE, Zhao TC. Inhibition of integrin alpha v/beta 5 mitigates the protective effect induced by irisin in hemorrhage. Exp Mol Pathol 2023; 134:104869. [PMID: 37690529 PMCID: PMC10939993 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2023.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irisin plays an important role in regulating tissue stress, cardiac function, and inflammation. Integrin αvβ5 was recently identified as a receptor for irisin to elicit its physiologic function. It remains unknown whether integrin αvβ5 is required for irisin's function in modulating the physiologic response to hemorrhage. The objective of this study is to examine if integrin αvβ5 contributes to the effects of irisin during the hemorrhagic response. METHODS Hemorrhage was induced in mice by achieving a mean arterial blood pressure of 35-45 mmHg for one hour, followed by two hours of resuscitation. Irisin (0.5 μg/kg) was administrated to assess its pharmacologic effects in hemorrhage. Cilengitide, a cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp peptide (cRGDyK) which is an inhibitor of integrin αvβ5, or control RGDS (1 mg/kg) was administered with irisin. In another cohort of mice, the irisin-induced protective effect was examined after knocking down integrin β5 with nanoparticle delivery of integrin β5 sgRNA using CRSIPR/Cas-9 gene editing. Cardiac function and hemodynamics were measured using echocardiography and femoral artery catheterization, respectively. Systemic cytokine releases were measured using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histological analyses were used to determine tissue damage in myocardium, skeletal muscles, and lung tissues. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was carried out to assess apoptosis in tissues. RESULTS Hemorrhage induced reduction of integrin αvβ5 in skeletal muscles and repressed recovery of cardiac performance and hemodynamics. Irisin treatment led to significantly improved cardiac function, which was abrogated by treatment with Cilengitide or knockdown of integrin β5. Furthermore, irisin resulted in a marked suppression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), muscle edema, and inflammatory cells infiltration in myocardium and skeletal muscles, which was attenuated by Cilengitide or knockdown of integrin β5. Irisin-induced reduction of apoptosis in the myocardium, skeletal muscles, and lung, which were attenuated by either the inhibition of integrin αvβ5, or knockdown of integrin β5. CONCLUSION Integrin αvβ5 plays an important role for irisin in modulating the protective effect during hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiang Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA
| | - Supaporn Kulthinee
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA
| | - John Slate-Romano
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA
| | | | - Hamsa Shanmugam
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA
| | - Patrycja M Dubielecka
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ling X Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA; Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Pinho-Jr JDS, Camacho FA, Cavararo CDS, Baião PF, Medeiros RF, Barroso SG, de Matos AC. Irisin and Cardiometabolic Disorders in Obesity: A Systematic Review. Int J Inflam 2023; 2023:5810157. [PMID: 37900979 PMCID: PMC10602702 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5810157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity are global health issues, impacting a significant portion of young adults. Obesity is a complex condition influenced by genetics and environmental factors, leading to increased susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Irisin, a protein derived from the cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5, may have relationship with these cardiometabolic diseases. Objective This systematic review aims to examine the relationship between serum irisin levels and obesity, particularly in individuals predisposed to cardiovascular risk factors. Methods A thorough literature search was conducted in multiple databases, including "Science Direct," "Scopus," "PubMed," and "Lilacs," from July 2020. Inclusion criteria encompassed subjects with metabolic disorders (with or without obesity, BMI ≥30 kg/m2), clinical trials, and observational studies published between 2010 and June 2020. Exclusion criteria were animal studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, studies evaluating only healthy subjects, and those investigating disorders beyond cardiometabolic diseases. Results Out of 151 identified articles, 30 met the inclusion criteria. These studies, published between 2013 and 2020, assessed adults (≥21 years) and included 26 observational studies and 4 clinical trials (n = 7585 subjects). All studies examined irisin's role in obesity and CVDs, often including associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Despite varying sample sizes, the samples within the articles were homogeneous. Observational studies exhibited a low risk of bias in at least 60% of the evaluated domains. Clinical trials demonstrated a low risk of bias in at least 50% of the domains. Limitations. Although the systematic review provides valuable insights, it is limited by the available literature and the varying methodologies used across studies. Conclusion The review suggests that irisin plays a significant role as both a preventive measure and a biomarker for comorbidities linked to obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. Future research should focus on standardized irisin measurement methods and diverse populations to further elucidate its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge da Silva Pinho-Jr
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition Emília de Jesus Ferreiro, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Systemic Arterial Hypertension Research Center (NuPHAS/UFF), University Hospital Antonio Pedro (HUAP), Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Emília de Jesus Ferreiro, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávio Andrade Camacho
- Systemic Arterial Hypertension Research Center (NuPHAS/UFF), University Hospital Antonio Pedro (HUAP), Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carollyne dos Santos Cavararo
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition Emília de Jesus Ferreiro, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Systemic Arterial Hypertension Research Center (NuPHAS/UFF), University Hospital Antonio Pedro (HUAP), Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Ferreira Baião
- Systemic Arterial Hypertension Research Center (NuPHAS/UFF), University Hospital Antonio Pedro (HUAP), Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Frauches Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition Emília de Jesus Ferreiro, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Emília de Jesus Ferreiro, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Girão Barroso
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition Emília de Jesus Ferreiro, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Systemic Arterial Hypertension Research Center (NuPHAS/UFF), University Hospital Antonio Pedro (HUAP), Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Emília de Jesus Ferreiro, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Cardoso de Matos
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition Emília de Jesus Ferreiro, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Systemic Arterial Hypertension Research Center (NuPHAS/UFF), University Hospital Antonio Pedro (HUAP), Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Emília de Jesus Ferreiro, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Demirel O, Berezin AE, Mirna M, Boxhammer E, Gharibeh SX, Hoppe UC, Lichtenauer M. Biomarkers of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence in Patients with Paroxysmal or Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Following External Direct Current Electrical Cardioversion. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1452. [PMID: 37239123 PMCID: PMC10216298 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with atrial remodeling, cardiac dysfunction, and poor clinical outcomes. External direct current electrical cardioversion is a well-developed urgent treatment strategy for patients presenting with recent-onset AF. However, there is a lack of accurate predictive serum biomarkers to identify the risks of AF relapse after electrical cardioversion. We reviewed the currently available data and interpreted the findings of several studies revealing biomarkers for crucial elements in the pathogenesis of AF and affecting cardiac remodeling, fibrosis, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, adipose tissue dysfunction, myopathy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although there is ample strong evidence that elevated levels of numerous biomarkers (such as natriuretic peptides, C-reactive protein, galectin-3, soluble suppressor tumorigenicity-2, fibroblast growth factor-23, turn-over collagen biomarkers, growth differential factor-15) are associated with AF occurrence, the data obtained in clinical studies seem to be controversial in terms of their predictive ability for post-cardioversion outcomes. Novel circulating biomarkers are needed to elucidate the modality of this approach compared with conventional predictive tools. Conclusions: Biomarker-based strategies for predicting events after AF treatment require extensive investigation in the future, especially in the presence of different gender and variable comorbidity profiles. Perhaps, a multiple biomarker approach exerts more utilization for patients with different forms of AF than single biomarker use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Demirel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (O.D.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Alexander E. Berezin
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (O.D.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
- Internal Medicine Department, Zaporozhye State Medical University, 69035 Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Moritz Mirna
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (O.D.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Elke Boxhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (O.D.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Sarah X. Gharibeh
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (O.D.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Uta C. Hoppe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (O.D.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (O.D.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
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Berezin AA, Obradovic AB, Fushtey IM, Berezina TA, Lichtenauer M, Berezin AE. Low Plasma Levels of Irisin Predict Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:136. [PMID: 37103015 PMCID: PMC10144964 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10040136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the discriminative value of irisin for acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with chronic HF. We included 480 T2DM patients with any phenotype of HF and followed them for 52 weeks. Hemodynamic performances and the serum levels of biomarkers were detected at the study entry. The primary clinical end-point was ADHF that led to urgent hospitalization. We found that the serum levels of N-terminal natriuretic pro-peptide (NT-proBNP) were higher (1719 [980-2457] pmol/mL vs. 1057 [570-2607] pmol/mL, respectively) and the levels of irisin were lower (4.96 [3.14-6.85] ng/mL vs. 7.95 [5.73-9.16] ng/mL) in ADHF patients than in those without ADHF. The ROC curve analysis showed that the estimated cut-off point for serum irisin levels (ADHF versus non-ADHF) was 7.85 ng/mL (area under curve [AUC] = 0.869 (95% CI = 0.800-0.937), sensitivity = 82.7%, specificity = 73.5%; p = 0.0001). The multivariate logistic regression yielded that the serum levels of irisin < 7.85 ng/mL (OR = 1.20; p = 0.001) and NT-proBNP > 1215 pmol/mL (OR = 1.18; p = 0.001) retained the predictors for ADHF. Kaplan-Meier plots showed a significant difference of clinical end-point accumulations in patients with HF depending on irisin levels (<7.85 ng/mL versus ≥7.85 ng/mL). In conclusion, we established that decreased levels of irisin were associated with ADHF presentation in chronic HF patients with T2DM independently from NT-proBNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Berezin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zaporozhye Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, 69096 Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | | | - Ivan M. Fushtey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zaporozhye Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, 69096 Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana A Berezina
- Vita Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, 69000 Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander E Berezin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zaporozhye State Medical University, 69035 Zaporozhye, Ukraine
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Ramírez-Vélez R, González A, García-Hermoso A, Amézqueta IL, Izquierdo M, Díez J. Revisiting skeletal myopathy and exercise training in heart failure: Emerging role of myokines. Metabolism 2023; 138:155348. [PMID: 36410495 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exercise intolerance remains a major unmet medical need in patients with heart failure (HF). Skeletal myopathy is currently considered as the major limiting factor for exercise capacity in HF patients. On the other hand, emerging evidence suggest that physical exercise can decrease morbidity and mortality in HF patients. Therefore, mechanistic insights into skeletal myopathy may uncover critical aspects for therapeutic interventions to improve exercise performance in HF. Emerging data reviewed in this article suggest that the assessment of circulating myokines (molecules synthesized and secreted by skeletal muscle in response to contraction that display autocrine, paracrine and endocrine actions) may provide new insights into the pathophysiology, phenotyping and prognostic stratification of HF-related skeletal myopathy. Further studies are required to determine whether myokines may also serve as biomarkers to personalize the modality and dose of physical training prescribed for patients with HF and exercise intolerance. In addition, the production and secretion of myokines in patients with HF may interact with systemic alterations (e.g., inflammation and metabolic disturbances), frequently present in patients with HF. Furthermore, myokines may exert beneficial or detrimental effects on cardiac structure and function, which may influence adverse cardiac remodelling and clinical outcomes in HF patients. Collectively, these data suggest that a deeper knowledge on myokines regulation and actions may lead to the identification of novel physical exercise-based therapeutic approaches for HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Spain; CIBERFES, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Health Research of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arantxa González
- Institute for Health Research of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad deNavarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Spain; CIBERFES, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Health Research of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Latasa Amézqueta
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad deNavarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Spain; CIBERFES, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Health Research of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Javier Díez
- Institute for Health Research of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad deNavarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Ozturk D, Melekoglu A, Altinbilek E, Calik M, Kosem A, Kilci H, Misirlioglu NF, Uzun H. Association Between Serum Irisin Levels and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1355-1362. [PMID: 37089138 PMCID: PMC10120592 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s403564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a serious cardiovascular condition with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Irisin is adipomyokine that is associated with various health conditions. In post-STEMI, elevated serum irisin levels are associated with more adverse cardiovascular events. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between the serum irisin levels and acute MI (AMI) and whether irisin may be a useful biomarker for severity of AMI in patients with STEMI. Possible correlations between serum irisin and cardiac troponin-I (cTi) levels were investigated. Methods A total of 90 subjects (46 control subjects and 44 STEMI patients) were included in the study. Besides demographic data, presence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, electrocardiography (ECG) findings, blood biochemistry, cardiac biomarkers (cTi) and serum irisin levels were examined. Results Significantly lower heart rate (HR) and significantly higher ST-elevation and QTc interval were detected in ECG recordings in STEMI patients (p < 0.05). Serum irisin levels were significantly lower in STEMI patients compared to the control subjects (p < 0.001). The decrease in the serum irisin levels was significantly correlated with the increase in cTi levels, as well as increased QTc (p < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of irisin were found to be 93% and 78%, respectively. Conclusion Decreased irisin levels were found to be highly predictive in STEMI. In patients with STEMI, the serum irisin levels were associated with cTi levels and QTc, suggesting that irisin is a promising biomarker for AMI cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Ozturk
- Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Adem Melekoglu
- Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Altinbilek
- Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Calik
- Gaziosmanpasa Education and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency, İstanbul, Turkey
- Correspondence: Mustafa Calik, Gaziosmanpasa Education and Research Hospital, Emergency Department, İstanbul, 34255, Turkey, Email
| | - Arzu Kosem
- Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Kilci
- Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Naile Fevziye Misirlioglu
- University of Health Sciences, Gaziosmanpaşa Training and Research Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hafize Uzun
- Istanbul Atlas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Wang SS, Li JM, Hu P, Guo YC, Liu XB, Wang JA, Chen H. Circulating Irisin Level as a Biomarker for Pure Aortic Stenosis and Aortic Valve Calcification. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 16:443-452. [PMID: 36223050 PMCID: PMC10151307 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Irisin, a myokine mainly secreted by skeletal and cardiac muscles, is actively involved in cardiovascular diseases. However, whether irisin is associated with aortic stenosis remains unknown. Two hundred ninety-three severe AS patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation were enrolled and followed-up for 35 months on average. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to measure circulating irisin levels. Patients were divided into two groups based on the median plasma irisin level. We found that high plasma irisin levels were independently associated with pure aortic stenosis (PAS) after adjusting for age, body mass index, history of peripheral vascular disease, and creatinine (OR = 3.015, 95% CI 1.775-5.119, P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed a significant predictive value of irisin for PAS (AUC = 0.647, 95% CI 0.583-0.711, P < 0.001). The severity of aortic valve calcification was negatively associated with plasma irisin levels (P < 0.05). In conclusion, irisin is an independent predictor for PAS and is negatively associated with the severity of aortic valve calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Po Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Chao Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian-Bao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-An Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Berezin AA, Lichtenauer M, Boxhammer E, Stöhr E, Berezin AE. Discriminative Value of Serum Irisin in Prediction of Heart Failure with Different Phenotypes among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2022; 11:2794. [PMID: 36139374 PMCID: PMC9496790 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that circulating levels of irisin are prognostic factors in heart failure (HF), but no data are available on the predictive role of irisin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and different phenotypes of HF. The aim of the study was to investigate whether serum levels of irisin predict HF in T2DM patients. We prospectively included 183 participants with T2DM aged 41 to 62 years (30 non-HF patients and 153 HF patients) and 25 healthy volunteers in the study and evaluated clinical data, hemodynamics and biomarkers (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and irisin). Serum levels of irisin < 8.30 ng/mL were found to be a better indicator of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) than irisin ≥ 8.30 ng/mL, but the predictive cut-off point for NT-proBNP remained the same as for HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF). Serum levels of irisin < 10.4 ng/mL significantly improved the predictive ability of NT-proBNP for HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In conclusion, we found that decreased serum levels of irisin significantly predicted HFpEF, rather than HFmrEF and HFrEF, in T2DM patients. This finding may open a new approach to HF risk stratification in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, Zaporozhye Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, 20, Vinter Av., 69096 Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elke Boxhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eric Stöhr
- COR-HELIX (CardiOvascular Regulation and Human Exercise Laboratory—Integration and Xploration), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander E. Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, Zaporozhye State Medical University, 26, Mayakovsky Av., 69035 Zaporozhye, Ukraine
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14
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Huerta-Delgado AS, Roffe-Vazquez DN, Luna-Ceron E, Gonzalez-Gil AM, Casillas-Fikentscher A, Villarreal-Calderon JR, Enriquez C, de la Peña-Almaguer E, Castillo EC, Silva-Platas C, Garcia-Rivas G, Elizondo-Montemayor L. Association of irisin levels with cardiac magnetic resonance, inflammatory, and biochemical parameters in patients with chronic heart failure versus controls. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 93:62-72. [PMID: 35842196 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic heart failure (CHF) represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Metabolic maladaptation has proven to be critical in the progression of this condition. Preclinical studies have shown that irisin, an adipomyokine involved in metabolic regulations, can induce positive cardioprotective effects by improving cardiac remodeling, cardiomyocyte viability, calcium delivery, and reducing inflammatory mediators. However, data on clinical studies identifying the associations between irisin levels and functional imaging parameters are scarce in CHF patients. The objective of this study was to determine the association of irisin levels with cardiac imaging measurements through cardiac magnetic resonance, inflammatory markers, and biochemical parameters in patients with CHF compared with control subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-two subjects diagnosed with CHF and thirty-two healthy controls were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. Serum irisin levels were significantly lower in patients with CHF than in controls. This is the first study to report a significant positive correlation between irisin levels and cardiac magnetic resonance parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction, fraction shortening, and global radial strain. A negative correlation was demonstrated between irisin levels and brain natriuretic peptide, insulin levels, and Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index. We did not observe significant correlations between irisin levels and inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Given the importance of fraction shortening and global radial strain as accurate markers of ventricular wall motion, these results support the hypothesis that irisin may play an essential role in maintaining an adequate myocardial wall architecture, deformation, and thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Huerta-Delgado
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Escuela de Medicina, 64710 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Daniel N Roffe-Vazquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Escuela de Medicina, 64710 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Eder Luna-Ceron
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Escuela de Medicina, 64710 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Adrian M Gonzalez-Gil
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Escuela de Medicina, 64710 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Andrea Casillas-Fikentscher
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Escuela de Medicina, 64710 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - José R Villarreal-Calderon
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Escuela de Medicina, 64710 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Cecilio Enriquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, 66278 San Pedro Garza-Garcia, N.L., Mexico
| | - Erasmo de la Peña-Almaguer
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, 66278 San Pedro Garza-Garcia, N.L., Mexico
| | - Elena C Castillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, 66278 San Pedro Garza-Garcia, N.L., Mexico
| | - Christian Silva-Platas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, 66278 San Pedro Garza-Garcia, N.L., Mexico
| | - Gerardo Garcia-Rivas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, 66278 San Pedro Garza-Garcia, N.L., Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolomics Research Group, Escuela de Medicina, 66278 San Pedro Garza-Garcia, N.L., Mexico
| | - Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Escuela de Medicina, 64710 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolomics Research Group, Escuela de Medicina, 66278 San Pedro Garza-Garcia, N.L., Mexico.
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15
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Irisin, An Exercise-induced Bioactive Peptide Beneficial for Health Promotion During Aging Process. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Коteliukh M. Predictive Model for Acute Heart Failure in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Energy and Adipokine Metabolism Indicators. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute heart failure (AHF) is one of the early complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in diabetic patients. Evaluation of biomarkers of energy and adipokine metabolism can help in the early identification of diabetic patients at risk of AHF.
AIM: The present study is aimed to predict the development of AHF in diabetic patients with AMI based on energy and adipokine metabolism parameters.
METHODS: A total of 74 diabetic patients with AMI were examined between September 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020. Serum adropin, irisin, and C1q/TNF-related protein 3 (CTRP3) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To predict AHF development in AMI patients, generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was applied.
RESULTS: The serum concentrations of adropin, irisin, and CTRP3 have been found to be reduced in diabetic patients with AMI and AHF. The accuracy of predicting AHF Killip Class 1 was 96.7%, and the accuracy of prediction for AHF Killip Class 2 was 57.1%, that is, the model was poorly sensitive to this level of complications. The prediction accuracy for AHF Killip Class 3 was 80%, that is, the model was highly sensitive to complications of this level, and for AHF Killip Class 4 – 100% being the maximum level of the model sensitivity.
CONCLUSIONS: Low serum concentrations of adropin, irisin, and CTRP3 indicate an imbalance in energy and adipokine homeostasis. The constructed model predicts the probability of AHF development with high accuracy of 91.9% in diabetic patients with AMI.
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17
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Baumgartner M, Lischka J, Schanzer A, de Gier C, Walleczek NK, Greber-Platzer S, Zeyda M. Plasma Myostatin Increases with Age in Male Youth and Negatively Correlates with Vitamin D in Severe Pediatric Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102133. [PMID: 35631274 PMCID: PMC9144022 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity already causes non-communicable diseases during childhood, but the mechanisms of disease development are insufficiently understood. Myokines such as myostatin and irisin are muscle-derived factors possibly involved in obesity-associated diseases. This explorative study aims to investigate whether myostatin and irisin are associated with metabolic parameters, including the vitamin D status in pediatric patients with severe obesity. Clinical, anthropometric and laboratory data from 108 patients with severe obesity (>97th percentile) aged between 9 and 19 years were assessed. Myostatin, its antagonist follistatin, and irisin, were measured from plasma by ELISA. Myostatin concentrations, particularly in males, positively correlated with age and pubertal stage, as well as metabolic parameters such as insulin resistance. Irisin concentrations correlated positively with HDL and negatively with LDL cholesterol values. For follistatin, the associations with age and pubertal stage were inverse. Strikingly, a negative correlation of myostatin with serum vitamin D levels was observed that remained significant after adjusting for age and pubertal stage. In conclusion, there is an independent association of low vitamin D and elevated myostatin levels. Further research may focus on investigating means to prevent increased myostatin levels in interventional studies, which might open several venues to putative options to treat and prevent obesity-associated diseases.
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18
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Berezin AA, Lichtenauer M, Boxhammer E, Fushtey IM, Berezin AE. Serum Levels of Irisin Predict Cumulative Clinical Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Physiol 2022; 13:922775. [PMID: 35651870 PMCID: PMC9149086 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.922775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of serum irisin level in predicting clinical outcome in heart failure (HF) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: 153 T2DM patients with HF aged 41–62 years were prospectively recruited for the study. Serum levels of irisin and NT-proBNP were measured by ELISA. Laboratory tests including HbA1c, fasting glucose, blood creatinine, insulin, lipids and creatinine with estimation of GFR were performed along with echocardiography at baseline. The observation period was 56 weeks.Results: We identified 76 composite cardiovascular (CV) outcomes, which included CV death and death from all causes, resuscitated cardiac death, non-fatal/fatal acute myocardial infarction or stroke, and HF hospitalization. Therefore, the entire patient cohort was divided into 2 groups with (n = 76) and without (n = 77) composite CV outcomes. We found that the concentrations of NT-proBNP were higher in HF patients with T2DM who had a CV composite outcome than in patients without CV composite outcome (p = 0.001). In contrast, the relationship was exactly reversed for irisin, as HF and T2DM patients with CV composite outcome had significantly lower irisin levels (p = 0.001). Unadjusted multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that LVEF < 40%, LAVI > 39 ml/m2, NT-proBNP > 2,250 pmol/ml, and irisin < 6.50 ng/ml were the strongest predictors of CV outcomes in HF patients with T2DM. After adjustment for LVEF, serum levels of NT-proBNP and irisin remained independent predictors of end points. Furthermore, divergence of Kaplan-Meier curves pointed out that patients with NT-proBNP > 2,250 pmol/ml and irisin < 6.50 ng/ml had worse prognosis than those with any other compartment of the bomarkers’ levels.Conclusion: Adding irisin to NT-proBNP significantly improved discriminative value of the whole model. HF patients with T2DM had significantly worse clinical outcomes when showing the constellation NT-proBNP > 2,250 pmol/ml and irisin < 6.50 ng/ml, respectively, in comparison to patients with opposite trends for both biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine IIDivision of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elke Boxhammer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ivan M. Fushtey
- Department of Therapy and Endocrinology, Zaporozhye Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Alexander E. Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, State Medical University of Zaporozhye, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
- *Correspondence: Alexander E. Berezin,
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19
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Peng J, Wu J. Effects of the FNDC5/Irisin on Elderly Dementia and Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:863901. [PMID: 35431908 PMCID: PMC9009536 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.863901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Population aging is an inevitable problem nowadays, and the elderly are going through a lot of geriatric symptoms, especially cognitive impairment. Irisin, an exercise-stimulating cleaved product from transmembrane fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), has been linked with favorable effects on many metabolic diseases. Recently, mounting studies also highlighted the neuroprotective effects of irisin on dementia. The current evidence remains uncertain, and few clinical trials have been undertaken to limit its clinical practice. Therefore, we provided an overview of current scientific knowledge focusing on the preventive mechanisms of irisin on senile cognitive decline and dementia, in terms of the possible connections between irisin and neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and dementia-related diseases. This study summarized the recent advances and ongoing studies, aiming to provide a better scope into the effectiveness of irisin on dementia progression, as well as a mediator of muscle brain cross talk to provide theoretical support for exercise therapy for patients with dementia. Whether irisin is a diagnostic or prognostic factor for dementia needs more researches.
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Zhao R. Irisin at the crossroads of inter-organ communications: Challenge and implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:989135. [PMID: 36267573 PMCID: PMC9578559 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.989135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological functions of organs are intercommunicated occurring through secreted molecules. That exercise can improve the physiological function of organs or tissues is believed by secreting myokines from muscle to target remote organs. However, the underlying mechanism how exercise regulates the inter-organ communications remains incompletely understood yet. A recently identified myokine-irisin, primarily found in muscle and adipose and subsequently extending to bone, heart, liver and brain, provides a new molecular evidence for the inter-organ communications. It is secreted under the regulation of exercise and mediates the intercommunications between exercise and organs. To best our understanding of the regulatory mechanism, this review discusses the recent evidence involving the potential molecular pathways of the inter-organ communications, and the interactions between signalings and irisin in regulating the impact of exercise on organ functions are also discussed.
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21
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Abstract
Irisin, a novel hormone like polypeptide, is cleaved and secreted by an unknown protease from a membrane‐spanning protein, FNDC5 (fibronectin type III domain‐containing protein 5). The current knowledge on the biological functions of irisin includes browning white adipose tissue, regulating insulin use, and anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Dysfunction of irisin has shown to be involved in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. Moreover, irisin gene variants are also associated with cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on irisin‐mediated regulatory mechanisms and their roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuan Fu
- Department of Cardiology The Third People's Hospital of ChengduAffiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Fangtang Li
- Department of Cardiology The Third People's Hospital of ChengduAffiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yuanjuan Tang
- Department of Cardiology The Third People's Hospital of ChengduAffiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Cardiology The Third People's Hospital of ChengduAffiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center Chongqing Institute of Cardiology Chongqing China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury Daping Hospital The Third Military Medical University Chongqing China.,Department of Cardiology of Chongqing General Hospital Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing CollegeUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing China
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA Chengdu China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
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22
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Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: a promising biomarker and therapeutic target. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1390-1400. [PMID: 33214697 PMCID: PMC8379181 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide and impose a tremendous socioeconomic burden on individuals as well as the healthcare system. Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) is a widely distributed transmembrane glycoprotein that can be proteolytically cleaved and secreted as irisin to regulate glycolipid metabolism and cardiovascular homeostasis. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the predictive and therapeutic role of FNDC5 in a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia, metabolic cardiomyopathy, cardiac remodeling, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and obesity.
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Role of Irisin in Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, and Cardiac Hypertrophy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082103. [PMID: 34440871 PMCID: PMC8392379 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a myokine derived from the cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5. Irisin regulates mitochondrial energy, glucose metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and fat browning. Skeletal muscle and cardiomyocytes produce irisin and affect various cardiovascular functions. In the early phase of acute myocardial infarction, an increasing irisin level can reduce endothelial damage by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. By contrast, higher levels of irisin in the later phase of myocardial infarction are associated with more cardiovascular events. During different stages of heart failure, irisin has various influences on mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, metabolic imbalance, energy expenditure, and heart failure prognosis. Irisin affects blood pressure and controls hypertension through modulating vasodilatation. Moreover, irisin can enhance vasoconstriction via the hypothalamus. Because of these dual effects of irisin on cardiovascular physiology, irisin can be a critical therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on the complex functions of irisin in myocardial ischemia, heart failure, and cardiac hypertrophy.
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Myokines and Heart Failure: Challenging Role in Adverse Cardiac Remodeling, Myopathy, and Clinical Outcomes. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:6644631. [PMID: 33520013 PMCID: PMC7819753 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6644631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global medical problem that characterizes poor prognosis and high economic burden for the health system and family of the HF patients. Although modern treatment approaches have significantly decreased a risk of the occurrence of HF among patients having predominant coronary artery disease, hypertension, and myocarditis, the mortality of known HF continues to be unacceptably high. One of the most important symptoms of HF that negatively influences tolerance to physical exercise, well-being, social adaptation, and quality of life is deep fatigue due to HF-related myopathy. Myopathy in HF is associated with weakness of the skeletal muscles, loss of myofibers, and the development of fibrosis due to microvascular inflammation, metabolic disorders, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The pivotal role in the regulation of myocardial and skeletal muscle rejuvenation, attenuation of muscle metabolic homeostasis, and protection against ischemia injury and apoptosis belongs to myokines. Myokines are defined as a wide spectrum of active molecules that are directly synthesized and released by both cardiac and skeletal muscle myocytes and regulate energy homeostasis in autocrine/paracrine manner. In addition, myokines have a large spectrum of pleiotropic capabilities that are involved in the pathogenesis of HF including cardiac remodeling, muscle atrophy, and cardiac cachexia. The aim of the narrative review is to summarize the knowledge with respect to the role of myokines in adverse cardiac remodeling, myopathy, and clinical outcomes among HF patients. Some myokines, such as myostatin, irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, interleukin-15, fibroblast growth factor-21, and growth differential factor-11, being engaged in the regulation of the pathogenesis of HF-related myopathy, can be detected in peripheral blood, and the evaluation of their circulating levels can provide new insights to the course of HF and stratify patients at higher risk of poor outcomes prior to sarcopenic stage.
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Yao Z, Ding X, Gao X, Yang N, Jia Y, Liu J, Wang G. Irisin as a Potential Biomarker Associated with Myocardial Injuries in Patients with Severe Hypothyroidism. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:3116068. [PMID: 34840567 PMCID: PMC8616683 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3116068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Irisin, a novel myokine, has recently been considered to produce a cardioprotective effect. Potential biomarkers for myocardial injuries in patients with severe hypothyroidism have yet to be identified. We aimed to investigate whether serum irisin may serve as a promising biomarker for early detecting the myocardial injuries in patients with severe hypothyroidism. METHODS This cross-sectional study comprised 25 newly diagnosed drug-naive patients with severe primary hypothyroidism and 17 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Circulating irisin levels and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) were evaluated in each participant. Left ventricular (LV) myocardial injuries were detected by CMR-based T1 mapping technique using a modified look-locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequence, which is quantified as native T1 values. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, the severe hypothyroidism group had significantly lower levels of serum irisin, especially those with pericardial effusion (P < 0.05). The severe hypothyroidism subjects exhibited lower peak filling rates (PFRs) and higher native myocardial T1 values than controls (P < 0.05). Additionally, the ROC analysis displayed that the sensitivity and specificity of serum irisin for diagnosing pericardial effusion in patients with severe hypothyroidism were 73.3% and 100.0%, respectively. The AUC was 0.920 (0.861-1.000) (P < 0.001). The cutoff value was 36.94 ng/mL. Moreover, the results in subgroup analysis revealed that the native T1 values of the low-irisin group were significantly higher than that of the high-irisin group (P < 0.05). According to multivariate linear regression analysis, serum irisin concentrations were negatively and independently correlated with native myocardial T1 values after adjustment for age, sex, and other conventional confounding factors (β = -1.473, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Irisin may be a potential biomarker for predicting myocardial injuries in patients with severe hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yumei Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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26
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Bahbah EI, Noehammer C, Pulverer W, Jung M, Weinhaeusel A. Salivary biomarkers in cardiovascular disease: An insight into the current evidence. FEBS J 2020; 288:6392-6405. [PMID: 33370493 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of mortality worldwide. In acute cardiovascular conditions, time is a crucial player in the outcomes of disease management. Given the ease and noninvasiveness of obtaining saliva, salivary biomarkers may provide a rapid and efficient diagnosis of CVD. Here, we reviewed the published data on the value of salivary molecules for diagnosis of CVD, especially in acute care settings. In this review, we show that some biomarkers such as salivary creatinine kinase myocardial band, C-reactive protein, troponin-1, and myoglobin exhibited promising diagnostic values that were comparable to their serum counterparts. Other molecules were also investigated and showed controversial results, including myeloperoxidase, brain natriuretic peptide, and some oxidative stress markers. Based on our review, we concluded that the clinical use of salivary biomarkers to diagnose CVD is promising; however, it is still in the early stage of development. Further studies are needed to validate these findings, determine cutoff values for diagnosis, and compare them to other established biomarkers currently in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshak I Bahbah
- AIT Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Christa Noehammer
- AIT Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Pulverer
- AIT Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Jung
- AIT Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Weinhaeusel
- AIT Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
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Reyes-Retana JA, Duque-Ossa LC. Acute Myocardial Infarction Biosensor: A Review From Bottom Up. Curr Probl Cardiol 2020; 46:100739. [PMID: 33250264 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a cardiovascular disease that is produced due to a deficiency of oxygen generating irreversible damage in the heart muscle. In diagnosis, electrocardiogram (ECG) investigation has been the main method but is insufficient, so approaches like the measurement of biomarkers levels in plasma or saliva have become one of the most commonly applied strategies for prognosis of AMI, as some of them are specifically related to a heart attack. Many tests are carrying on to determine biological markers changes, but usually, they present disadvantages related to time consumption and laborious work. To overcome the issues, researchers around the world have been developing different ways to enhance detection through the use of biosensors. These diagnostic devices have a biological sensing element associated to a physicochemical transducer that can be made from different materials and configurations giving place to different kinds of detection: Electrical/Electrochemical, Optical and Mechanical. In this review, the authors presents relevant investigations related to the most important biomarkers and biosensors used for their detection having in mind the nanotechnology participation in the process through the application of nanostructures as a good choice for device configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Reyes-Retana
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Av. Carlos Lazo 100, Santa Fe, La Loma, Mexico City 01389, Mexico. https://tec.mx
| | - L C Duque-Ossa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Av. Carlos Lazo 100, Santa Fe, La Loma, Mexico City 01389, Mexico. https://tec.mx
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Senesi P, Luzi L, Terruzzi I. Adipokines, Myokines, and Cardiokines: The Role of Nutritional Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218372. [PMID: 33171610 PMCID: PMC7664629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now established that adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and heart are endocrine organs and secrete in normal and in pathological conditions several molecules, called, respectively, adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines. These secretory proteins constitute a closed network that plays a crucial role in obesity and above all in cardiac diseases associated with obesity. In particular, the interaction between adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines is mainly involved in inflammatory and oxidative damage characterized obesity condition. Identifying new therapeutic agents or treatment having a positive action on the expression of these molecules could have a key positive effect on the management of obesity and its cardiac complications. Results from recent studies indicate that several nutritional interventions, including nutraceutical supplements, could represent new therapeutic agents on the adipo-myo-cardiokines network. This review focuses the biological action on the main adipokines, myokines and cardiokines involved in obesity and cardiovascular diseases and describe the principal nutraceutical approaches able to regulate leptin, adiponectin, apelin, irisin, natriuretic peptides, and follistatin-like 1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Senesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Sobieszek G, Powrózek T, Mazurek M, Skwarek-Dziekanowska A, Małecka-Massalska T. Electrical and Hormonal Biomarkers in Cachectic Elderly Women with Chronic Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1021. [PMID: 32260434 PMCID: PMC7230681 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is an unfavorable metabolic syndrome causing involuntary weight loss followed by muscle wasting, which can lead to the exacerbation of chronic heart failure (CHF), and considerably increases mortality rate among CHF patients. Unfortunately, until now it has not been possible to determine factors that could improve clinical options for cachexia management or enable the identification of patients at risk of its development. We assessed how cachexia conditions in CHF reflect cardiac and laboratory parameters in comparison with non-cachectic patients. METHODS 66 women were enrolled to the study group and underwent meticulous screening, according to recent clinical guidelines, in order to enable CHF and cachexia detection. Body composition was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and laboratory tests were supplemented by analysis of plasma circulating irisin. RESULTS A negative correlation between irisin concentration and both CRP and TNF-α was recorded (R = -0.362 and R = -0.243; p < 0.05). Irisin concentration positively correlated with EF% (R = 0.253; p = 0.046) and negatively with LVESd, LVEDd and NT-proBNP (R = -0.326, -0.272, and -0.320; p < 0.05). Both low levels of circulating irisin and Capacitance of membrane (Cm) were selected as unfavorable factors affecting cachexia in CHF patients (OR = 1.39 and 34.49; p < 0.05). Combination of Cm, irisin, CRP and albumin demonstrated sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 85.3% (AUC = 0.949) for distinguishing between cachectic and non-cachectic CHF patients. CONCLUSIONS Selected parameters reliably reflect cachectic conditions in CHF, and the proposed approach for cachexia based on the combined analysis of at least a few non-invasive markers could offer new opportunities for improving clinical outcomes in CHF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Sobieszek
- Department of Cardiology, 1st Military Clinical Hospital with the Outpatient Clinic, 20-048 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Powrózek
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Mazurek
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Skwarek-Dziekanowska
- Department of Cardiology, 1st Military Clinical Hospital with the Outpatient Clinic, 20-048 Lublin, Poland
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Askin L, Uzel KE, Tanriverdi O, Turkmen S. Serum Irisin: Pathogenesis and Clinical Research in Cardiovascular Diseases. CARDIOVASCULAR INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.15212/cvia.2019.0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, muscular function/dysfunction has gained importance in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis in cardiovascular diseases. Skeletal muscle plays a vital role in coordinating the activity and metabolism of endocrine organs by secreting many myokines, especially irisin. Irisin
is a polypeptide hormone consisting of 112 amino acids secreted into the blood from muscle and adipose tissues. Serum irisin levels are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity and insulin resistance as defined by homeostatic model assessment. Irisin reduces endothelial
damage by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, thus playing a key role in maintaining endothelial cell function. Unsurprisingly, low irisin levels cause endothelial dysfunction and increase the incidence of atherosclerosis. We aimed to summarize the studies on this issue since we
have not found any review in the literature on the role of serum irisin levels in the process of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular events in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfu Askin
- Department of Cardiology, Adiyaman Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Kader Eliz Uzel
- Department of Cardiology, Adiyaman Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Okan Tanriverdi
- Department of Cardiology, Adiyaman Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Serdar Turkmen
- Department of Cardiology, Adiyaman Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
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