Role of 7-chloro-4-(phenylselanyl) quinoline in the treatment of oxaliplatin-induced hepatic toxicity in mice

Naringin attenuates oxaliplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity: A molecular, biochemical, and histopathological approach in a rat model

Oxaliplatin (OXL) is a significant therapy agent for the worldwide increase in cancer cases. Naringin (4',5,7-trihydroxy flavonon 7-rhamnoglucoside, NRG) has a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials. This research aimed to investigate NRG activity in OXL-induced hepatorenal toxicity. Accordingly, OXL (4 mg/kg b.w.) in 5% glucose was injected intraperitoneally on the first, second, fifth, and sixth days, and NRG (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) was given orally 30 min before to treatment. Biochemical, genetic, and histological methods were utilized to investigate the function tests, oxidant/antioxidant status, inflammation, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways in kidney and liver tissues. Administration of NRG demonstrated an antioxidant effect by increasing the activities of OXL-induced reduced antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and decreasing the elevated lipid peroxidation parameter malondialdehyde levels. Nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels increased in OXL administered groups but reduced in NRG-treated groups. In the OXL-administered groups, NRG reduced the apoptosis-inducing factors Caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein levels, while elevating the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2 levels. OXL triggered prolonged ER stress by increasing the levels of ER stress parameters activating transcription factor 6, protein kinase R-like ER kinase, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α, and glucose-regulated protein 78. Therefore, with the NRG administration, this activity was reduced and the ER stress level decreased. Taken together, it was found that OXL induced toxicity by increasing the levels of urea and creatinine, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities, inflammation, apoptosis, ER stress, and oxidants in the liver and kidney tissue, and NRG had a protective effect by reversing the deterioration in these pathways.

Interface of Aging and Acute Peripheral Neuropathy Induced by Oxaliplatin in Mice: Target-Directed Approaches for Na+, K+-ATPase, Oxidative Stress, and 7-Chloro-4-(phenylselanyl) quinoline Therapy

Almost 90% of patients develop pain immediately after oxaliplatin (OXA) treatment. Here, the impact of aging on OXA-induced acute peripheral neuropathy and the potential of 7-chloro-4-(phenylselanyl) quinoline (4-PSQ) as a new therapeutic strategy were evaluated. In Swiss mice, the oxidative damage and its influence on Mg²⁺-ATPase and Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activities were investigated. The relationship between the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrate and nitrite (NOx) levels, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) with the development of OXA-induced acute peripheral neuropathy was also studied. In this study, it was evidenced that OXA-induced acute peripheral neuropathy was exacerbated by aging through increased oxidative damage as well as Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase, and Mg⁺²-ATPase inhibition. 4-PSQ reversed hypersensitivity induced by OXA and aging-aggravated by reducing ROS and NOx levels, through modulation of GPx and SOD activities. 4-PSQ partially reestablish Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity, but not Mg ²⁺-ATPase activity. Locomotor and exploratory activities were not affected. This study is the first of its kind, providing new insight into the aging impact on mechanisms involved in OXA-induced acute peripheral neuropathy. Also, it provides evidence on promising 4-PSQ effects on this condition, mainly on aging.

Rodrigues K, Pinz MP, Biondi JV, Becker NP, Blodorn E, Domingues WB, Larroza A, Campos VF, Alves D, Wilhelm EA, Luchese C. Prospecting for a quinoline containing selenium for comorbidities depression and memory impairment induced by restriction stress in mice

RATIONALE

Depression is often associated with memory impairment, a clinical feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but no effective treatment is available. 7-Chloro-4-(phenylselanyl) quinoline (4-PSQ) has been studied in experimental models of diseases that affect the central nervous system.

OBJECTIVES

The pharmacological activity of 4-PSQ in depressive-like behavior associated with memory impairment induced by acute restraint stress (ARS) in male Swiss mice was evaluated.

METHODS

ARS is an unavoidable stress model that was applied for a period of 240 min. Ten minutes after ARS, animals were intragastrically treated with canola oil (10 ml/kg) or 4-PSQ (10 mg/kg) or positive controls (paroxetine or donepezil) (10 mg/kg). Then, after 30 min, mice were submitted to behavioral tests. Corticosterone levels were evaluated in plasma and oxidative stress parameters; monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and MAO -B isoform activity; mRNA expression levels of kappa nuclear factor B (NF-κB); interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and IL-33; phosphatidylinositol-se-kinase (PI3K); protein kinase B (AKT2), as well as acetylcholinesterase activity were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.

RESULTS

4-PSQ attenuated the depressive-like behavior, self-care, and memory impairment caused by ARS. Based on the evidence, we believe that effects of 4-PSQ may be associated, at least in part, with the attenuation of HPA axis activation, attenuation of alterations in the monoaminergic system, modulation of oxidative stress, reestablishment of AChE activity, modulation of the PI3K/AKT2 pathway, and reduction of neuroinflammation.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggested that 4-PSQ exhibited an antidepressant-like effect and attenuated the memory impairment induced by ARS, and it is a promising molecule to treat these comorbidities.