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Baur DA, Baur KG, Buchanan BK, Ortiz MJ, Doody AG. Load carriage physiology in normoxia and hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:925-943. [PMID: 37740748 PMCID: PMC10879375 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effects of load carriage in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia on ventilatory responses, hemodynamics, tissue oxygenation, and metabolism. METHODS Healthy males (n = 12) completed 3 randomly ordered baseline graded exercise tests in the following conditions: (1) unloaded normoxic (U: FIO2 = 20.93%), (2) loaded (~ 30 kg) normoxic (LN), and (3) loaded hypoxic simulating ~ 3650 m (LH: FIO2 = ~ 13%). Thereafter, experimental exercise trials were completed in quasi-randomized order (i.e., U completed first) consisting of 3 × 10 min of walking (separated by 5 min seated rest) with stages matched with the U condition (in ascending order) for relative intensity, absolute oxygen consumption ([VO2]; 1.7 L min-1), and walking speed (1.45 ± 0.15 m s-1). RESULTS Load carriage increased perceived exertion and reduced VO2max (LN: - 7%; LH: - 32%; p < 0.05). At matched VO2, stroke volume and tidal volume were reduced and maintained with LN and LH vs. U, respectively (p < 0.05). Increases in cardiac output and minute ventilation at matched VO2 (with LH) and speed (with LN and LH), were primarily accomplished via increases in heart rate and breathing frequency (p < 0.05). Cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin (O2HHb) was increased at all intensities with LN, but deoxygenated hemoglobin and total hemoglobin were increased with LH (p < 0.05). Muscle oxygen kinetics and substrate utilization were similar between LN and U, but LH increased CHO dependence and reduced muscle O2HHb at matched speed (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Load carriage reduces cardiorespiratory efficiency and increases physiological strain, particularly in hypoxic environments. Potential load carriage-induced alterations in cerebral blood flow may increase the risk for altitude illnesses and requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Baur
- Department of Human Performance and Wellness, Virginia Military Institute, 208 Cormack Hall, Lexington, VA, 24450, USA.
| | - Katherine G Baur
- Department of Human Performance and Wellness, Virginia Military Institute, 208 Cormack Hall, Lexington, VA, 24450, USA
| | - Beverley K Buchanan
- Department of Human Performance and Wellness, Virginia Military Institute, 208 Cormack Hall, Lexington, VA, 24450, USA
| | - Miles J Ortiz
- Department of Human Performance and Wellness, Virginia Military Institute, 208 Cormack Hall, Lexington, VA, 24450, USA
| | - Abaigeal G Doody
- Department of Human Performance and Wellness, Virginia Military Institute, 208 Cormack Hall, Lexington, VA, 24450, USA
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Contreras-Briceño F, Espinosa-Ramírez M, Rivera-Greene A, Guerra-Venegas C, Lungenstrass-Poulsen A, Villagra-Reyes V, Caulier-Cisterna R, Araneda OF, Viscor G. Monitoring Changes in Oxygen Muscle during Exercise with High-Flow Nasal Cannula Using Wearable NIRS Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:985. [PMID: 37998160 PMCID: PMC10669262 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Exercise increases the cost of breathing (COB) due to increased lung ventilation (V˙E), inducing respiratory muscles deoxygenation (∇SmO2), while the increase in workload implies ∇SmO2 in locomotor muscles. This phenomenon has been proposed as a leading cause of exercise intolerance, especially in clinical contexts. The use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) during exercise routines in rehabilitation programs has gained significant interest because it is proposed as a therapeutic intervention for reducing symptoms associated with exercise intolerance, such as fatigue and dyspnea, assuming that HFNC could reduce exercise-induced ∇SmO2. SmO2 can be detected using optical wearable devices provided by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology, which measures the changes in the amount of oxygen bound to chromophores (e.g., hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome oxidase) at the target tissue level. We tested in a study with a cross-over design whether the muscular desaturation of m.vastus lateralis and m.intercostales during a high-intensity constant-load exercise can be reduced when it was supported with HFNC in non-physically active adults. Eighteen participants (nine women; age: 22 ± 2 years, weight: 65.1 ± 11.2 kg, height: 173.0 ± 5.8 cm, BMI: 21.6 ± 2.8 kg·m-2) were evaluated in a cycle ergometer (15 min, 70% maximum watts achieved in ergospirometry (V˙O2-peak)) breathing spontaneously (control, CTRL) or with HFNC support (HFNC; 50 L·min-1, fiO2: 21%, 30 °C), separated by seven days in randomized order. Two-way ANOVA tests analyzed the ∇SmO2 (m.intercostales and m.vastus lateralis), and changes in V˙E and ∇SmO2·V˙E-1. Dyspnea, leg fatigue, and effort level (RPE) were compared between trials by the Wilcoxon matched-paired signed rank test. We found that the interaction of factors (trial × exercise-time) was significant in ∇SmO2-m.intercostales, V˙E, and (∇SmO2-m.intercostales)/V˙E (p < 0.05, all) but not in ∇SmO2-m.vastus lateralis. ∇SmO2-m.intercostales was more pronounced in CTRL during exercise since 5' (p < 0.05). Hyperventilation was higher in CTRL since 10' (p < 0.05). The ∇SmO2·V˙E-1 decreased during exercise, being lowest in CTRL since 5'. Lower dyspnea was reported in HFNC, with no differences in leg fatigue and RPE. We concluded that wearable optical biosensors documented the beneficial effect of HFNC in COB due to lower respiratory ∇SmO2 induced by exercise. We suggest incorporating NIRS devices in rehabilitation programs to monitor physiological changes that can support the clinical impact of the therapeutic intervention implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Contreras-Briceño
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna #4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (M.E.-R.); (A.R.-G.); (C.G.-V.); (A.L.-P.); (V.V.-R.)
- Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering (iHEALTH), Av. Vicuña Mackenna #4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Maximiliano Espinosa-Ramírez
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna #4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (M.E.-R.); (A.R.-G.); (C.G.-V.); (A.L.-P.); (V.V.-R.)
| | - Augusta Rivera-Greene
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna #4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (M.E.-R.); (A.R.-G.); (C.G.-V.); (A.L.-P.); (V.V.-R.)
| | - Camila Guerra-Venegas
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna #4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (M.E.-R.); (A.R.-G.); (C.G.-V.); (A.L.-P.); (V.V.-R.)
| | - Antonia Lungenstrass-Poulsen
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna #4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (M.E.-R.); (A.R.-G.); (C.G.-V.); (A.L.-P.); (V.V.-R.)
| | - Victoria Villagra-Reyes
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna #4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (M.E.-R.); (A.R.-G.); (C.G.-V.); (A.L.-P.); (V.V.-R.)
| | - Raúl Caulier-Cisterna
- Department of Informatics and Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Av. José Pedro Alessandri #1242, Santiago 7800002, Chile;
| | - Oscar F. Araneda
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology of Biomechanics and Physiology of Effort, Kinesiology School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Av. Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Santiago 7620001, Chile;
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal #643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
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Ellis C, Burns D. All about oxygen: using near-infrared spectroscopy to understand bioenergetics. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2022; 46:685-692. [PMID: 36201307 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00106.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The interchange among the energy-providing phosphagen, glycolytic, and aerobic systems during exercise is often poorly understood by beginning students in exercise physiology. Exercise is oftentimes thought of as being aerobic or anaerobic, with the body progressing sequentially from one system to the next, although the energy systems work synergistically to produce energy from the onset of exercise, and all ultimately use oxygen. Traditional methods of teaching these concepts using only indirect calorimetry and a metabolic cart can be misleading. Relatively inexpensive noninvasive monitors of muscle oxygenation levels ([Formula: see text]) provide a useful tool to help students better understand the contribution and timing of these three systems of ATP generation and convey the concept that ultimately all energy production in the human body is oxygen dependent. In this laboratory, students use near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to visualize oxygen utilization by skeletal muscle during exercise by devising three exercise unique protocols, with each designed to stress a different energy system. Students then perform their protocols while using NIRS to measure and analyze [Formula: see text]. Students generate graphs with collected data, allowing them to visualize and appreciate oxygen consumption during all three protocols as well as elevated oxygen consumption after exercise. The students learn that any exercise is really all about oxygen.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Traditional methods of teaching bioenergetics using indirect calorimetry and a metabolic cart may be misleading. Recent advances in technology have made near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) a relatively inexpensive, noninvasive means of monitoring muscle oxygen levels during exercise. In this laboratory activity, NIRS devices are used for hands-on exploration of the synergistic nature of the energy systems, allowing students to appreciate the synergistic nature of the energy systems and how all exercise is really all about oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Ellis
- Sport and Exercise Physiology Department, DeSales University, Center Valley, Pennsylvania
| | - Douglas Burns
- Sport and Exercise Physiology Department, DeSales University, Center Valley, Pennsylvania
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Paulauskas R, Nekriošius R, Dadelienė R, Sousa A, Figueira B. Muscle Oxygenation Measured with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Following Different Intermittent Training Protocols in a World-Class Kayaker-A Case Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8238. [PMID: 36365935 PMCID: PMC9653646 DOI: 10.3390/s22218238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Training elite kayakers at a distance of 1000 m is associated with aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, while intermittent training, in a variety of forms, is one of the effective ways to improve cardiorespiratory and metabolic function. Thus, this study aimed to investigate muscle oxygenation responses during repetition training (RT), interval training (IT), and sprint interval training (SIT). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitors were placed on the latissimus dorsi (LD), pectoralis major (PM), and vastus lateralis (VL) of a world-class kayaker during their preparatory period. The intensity of work, relief, and recovery intervals were the independent variables that were manipulated using three different training protocols. The inferential analysis between intermittent training protocols showed significant differences for all variables except total the hemoglobin (tHb) index in LD during bout 2 (F = 2.83, p = 0.1, ηp2 = 0.205); bout 3 (F = 2.7, p = 0.125, ηp2 = 0.193); bout 4 (F = 1.8, p = 0.202, ηp2 = 0.141); and bout 6 (F = 1.1, p = 0.327, ηp2 = 0.092). During the rest bouts, all training protocols showed significant differences for all variables except muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) in the VL during bout 5 (F = 4.4, p = 0.053, ηp2 = 0.286) and tHb in VL during bout 1 (F = 2.28, p = 0.132, ηp2 = 0.172); bout 2 (F = 0.564, p = 0.561, ηp2 = 0.049); bout 3 (F = 1.752, p = 0.205, ηp2 = 0.137); bout 4 (F = 1.216, p = 0.301, ηp2 = 0.1); and bout 6 (F = 4.146, p = 0.053, ηp2 = 0.274). The comparison between IT protocols RT and SIT presented similar results. All variables presented higher values during SIT, except HR results. Finally, the comparison between IT and SIT showed significant differences in several variables, and a clear trend was identified. The results of this study suggest that the application of different intermittent exercise protocols promotes distinct and significant changes in the peripheral effect of muscle oxygenation in response to training stimuli and may be internal predictors of hemodynamic and metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rūtenis Paulauskas
- Educational Research Institute, Education Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, 44244 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ričardas Nekriošius
- Department of Applied Biology and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sport University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Dadelienė
- Institute of Health Science, Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ana Sousa
- Research Center for Sports, Exercise and Human Development, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center for Sports, Exercise and Human Development, University of Maia, ISMAI, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
| | - Bruno Figueira
- Educational Research Institute, Education Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, 44244 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Research Center for Sports, Exercise and Human Development, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Usaj A, Kapus J, Štrumbelj B, Debevec T, Vodičar J. Effects of Moderate Altitude Training Combined with Moderate or High-altitude Residence. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1129-1136. [PMID: 35926513 DOI: 10.1055/a-1885-4053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to identify potential physiological and performance differences of trained cross-country skiers (V˙o2max=60±4 ml ∙ kg-1 ∙ min-1) following two, 3-week long altitude modalities: 1) training at moderate altitudes (600-1700 m) and living at 1500 m (LMTM;N=8); and 2) training at moderate altitudes (600-1700 m) and living at 1500 m with additional nocturnal normobaric hypoxic exposures (FiO2 =0.17;LHTM; N=8). All participants conducted the same training throughout the altitude training phase and underwent maximal roller ski trials and submaximal cyclo-ergometery before, during and one week after the training camps. No exercise performance or hematological differences were observed between the two modalities. The average roller ski velocities were increased one week after the training camps following both LMTM (p=0.03) and LHTM (p=0.04) with no difference between the two (p=0.68). During the submaximal test, LMTM increased the Tissue Oxygenation Index (11.5±6.5 to 1.0±8.5%; p=0.04), decreased the total hemoglobin concentration (15.1±6.5 to 1.7±12.9 a.u.;p=0.02), and increased blood pH (7.36±0.03 to 7.39±0.03;p=0.03). On the other hand, LHTM augmented minute ventilation (76±14 to 88±10 l·min-1;p=0.04) and systemic blood oxygen saturation by 2±1%; (p=0.02) with no such differences observed following the LMTM. Collectively, despite minor physiological differences observed between the two tested altitude training modalities both induced comparable exercise performance modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Usaj
- Laboratory of Biodynamics, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Kapus
- Laboratory of Biodynamics, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boro Štrumbelj
- Laboratory of Biodynamics, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Laboratory of Biodynamics, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Vodičar
- Institute of Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
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6
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Tuesta M, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Verdugo-Marchese H, Mateluna C, Alvear-Ordenes I. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Used to Assess Physiological Muscle Adaptations in Exercise Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071073. [PMID: 36101451 PMCID: PMC9312707 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, physical exercise has been used as a therapeutic strategy in various clinical conditions, with pleiotropic benefits. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been positioned as a tool to analyze effects on muscle oxygenation, also allowing knowledge of adaptations on microvascular levels and muscle metabolism in subjects with central and peripheral vascular alterations, as well as cardiovascular, metabolic, and/or musculoskeletal diseases. This knowledge can help to guide therapeutic exercise specialists in decision making regarding the prescription and follow up of physical exercise as a therapeutic tool in the observation of acute or chronic adaptations to improve efficiency in the treatment and recovery of these patients. This review presents an overview of the effects of exercise clinical trials on muscle oxygenation in different pathologies and the technical characteristics related to the equipment used. Abstract Using muscle oxygenation to evaluate the therapeutic effects of physical exercise in pathologies through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is of great interest. The aim of this review was to highlight the use of muscle oxygenation in exercise interventions in clinical trials and to present the technological characteristics related to the equipment used in these studies. PubMed, WOS, and Scopus databases were reviewed up to December 2021. Scientific articles that evaluated muscle oxygenation after exercise interventions in the sick adult population were selected. The PEDro scale was used to analyze the risk of bias (internal validity). The results were presented grouped in tables considering the risk of bias scores, characteristics of the devices, and the effects of exercise on muscle oxygenation. All the stages were carried out using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). The search strategy yielded 820 clinical studies, of which 18 met the eligibility criteria. This review detailed the characteristics of 11 NIRS devices used in clinical trials that used physical exercise as an intervention. The use of this technology made it possible to observe changes in muscle oxygenation/deoxygenation parameters such as tissue saturation, oxyhemoglobin, total hemoglobin, and deoxyhemoglobin in clinical trials of patients with chronic disease. It was concluded that NIRS is a non-invasive method that can be used in clinical studies to detect the effects of physical exercise training on muscle oxygenation, hemodynamics, and metabolism. It will be necessary to unify criteria such as the measurement site, frequency, wavelength, and variables for analysis. This will make it possible to compare different models of exercise/training in terms of time, intensity, frequency, and type to obtain more precise conclusions about their benefits for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Tuesta
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile;
- Laboratory of Sport Sciences, Centro de Medicina Deportiva Sports MD, Viña del Mar 2521156, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Applied Physiology Laboratory (FISAP), Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain;
- School of Education, Pedagogy in Physical Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2572007, Chile
| | | | - Cristián Mateluna
- Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2530388, Chile;
| | - Ildefonso Alvear-Ordenes
- Applied Physiology Laboratory (FISAP), Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Bergdahl MS, Crenshaw AG, Hedlund ER, Sjöberg G, Rydberg A, Sandberg C. Calf Muscle Oxygenation is Impaired and May Decline with Age in Young Patients with Total Cavopulmonary Connection. Pediatr Cardiol 2022; 43:449-456. [PMID: 34623455 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-021-02743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients palliated with Total Cavopulmonary Connection have a lower muscle mass and a lower exercise capacity. We assessed calf muscle oxidative metabolism during and after heel raise exercise to exhaustion in young patients with TCPC compared to healthy peers. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used for measuring oxygen metabolism in the medial portion of the gastrocnemius muscle. Forty-three patients with TCPC, aged 6-18 years, were compared with 43 age and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Subgroups were formed to include children (6-12 years) and adolescents (13-18 years) to determine if these age groups influenced the results. During exercise, for the patients compared to controls there was a lower increase in deoxygenated hemoglobin (oxygen extraction) (5.13 ± 2.99au vs. 7.75 ± 4.15au, p = 0.001) and a slower rate of change in total hemoglobin (blood volume) (0.004 ± 0.015au vs 0.016 ± 0.01au, p = 0.001). Following exercise, patients exhibited a slower initial increase in tissue oxygenation saturation index (0.144 ± 0.11au vs 0.249 ± 0.226au, p = 0.007) and a longer half-time to maximum hyperemia (23.7 ± 11.4 s vs 16.8 ± 7.5 s, p = 0.001). On the subgroup level, the adolescents differed compared to healthy peers, whereas the children did not. Young patients with TCPC had impaired oxidative metabolism during exercise and required a longer time to recover. In that the differences were seen in the adolescent group and not in the children group may indicate a declining function with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magne Sthen Bergdahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. .,Centre for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Norrlands University Hospital, 90737, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Albert G Crenshaw
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Eva Rylander Hedlund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Sjöberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Rydberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Camilla Sandberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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8
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Andreu-Caravaca L, Chung LH, Ramos-Campo DJ, Marín-Cascales E, Encarnación-Martínez A, Rubio-Arias JÁ. Neuromuscular and Mobility Responses to a Vibration Session in Hypoxia in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:307-313. [PMID: 33075829 DOI: 10.1055/a-1273-8304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of vibration training (WBVT) under hypoxic and normoxic conditions on the voluntary rate of force development (RFD), balance and muscle oxygen saturation (SMO2) in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). 10 participants completed the study (30% males, 44.4±7.7 years, 164.3±8.9 cm, 65.2±11.1 kg, 2.5±1.3 Expanded Disability Status Scale, 24.1±4.0 kg.m-2 BMI). Maximal force, RFD during isometric knee extension, static balance with eyes open and closed and sit-to-stand test were evaluated before and immediately after one session of WBVT (12 60-s bout of vibration; frequency 35 Hz; amplitude 4 mm; 1-min rest intervals) under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In addition, SMO2 of the gastrocnemius lateralis was assessed during each condition. No changes were found in force, static balance and sit-to-stand test. Time-to-peak RFD increased in the left leg (p=0.02) and tended to increase in the right leg (p=0.06) after the hypoxic session. SMO2 resulted in significant increases from the initial to final intervals of the WBVT under both hypoxic and normoxic conditions (p<0.05). Increases in SMO2 during WBVT demonstrates muscle work that may contribute to the observed muscle adaptations in long-term WBVT programs without inducing decreases in neuromuscular activation, physical function and balance within a session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Andreu-Caravaca
- International Chair of Sports Medicine, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia.,Faculty of Sport, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia
| | - Linda H Chung
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia
| | | | - Elena Marín-Cascales
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia
| | - Alberto Encarnación-Martínez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Research Group in Sport Biomechanics (GIBD), University of Valencia, Valencia
| | - Jacobo Á Rubio-Arias
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid
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9
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Tufano JJ, Omcirk D, Malecek J, Pisz A, Halaj M, Scott BR. Traditional sets versus rest-redistribution: a laboratory-controlled study of a specific cluster set configuration at fast and slow velocities. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:421-430. [PMID: 31553890 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated redistributing long inter-set rest intervals into shorter but more frequent intervals at 2 different concentric velocities. Resistance-trained men performed 4 randomised isokinetic unilateral knee extension protocols, 2 at 60°·s-1 and 2 at 360°·s-1. At each speed, subjects performed 40 repetitions with 285 s of rest using traditional sets (TS; 4 sets of 10 with 95 s of inter-set rest) and rest-redistribution (RR; 20 sets of 2 with 15 s inter-set rest). Before and at 2, 5, and 10 min after exercise, tensiomyography (TMG) and oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy; NIRS) were measured. NIRS was also measured during exercise, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded after every 10 repetitions. At both speeds, RR displayed greater peak torque, total work, and power output during latter repetitions, but there were no differences between TS or RR when averaging all 40 repetitions. The RPE was less during RR at both speeds (p < 0.05). RR increased select muscle oxygen saturation and blood flow at both speeds. There were no effects of protocol on TMG, but effect sizes favoured a quicker recovery after RR. RR was likely beneficial in maintaining performance compared with the latter parts of TS sets and limiting perceived and peripheral fatigue. Novelty Although effective at slow velocities, rest-redistribution was likely more effective during high-velocity movements in this study. Rest-redistribution maintained the ability to produce force throughout an entire range of motion. Rest-redistribution reduced RPE during both high-velocity and high-force movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Tufano
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 16252 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dan Omcirk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 16252 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malecek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 16252 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Pisz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 16252 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Halaj
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 16252 Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Track and Field, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 99 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Brendan R Scott
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia.,Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia
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10
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Walters TJ, Kottke MA, Hargens AR, Ryan KL. Noninvasive diagnostics for extremity compartment syndrome following traumatic injury: A state-of-the-art review. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019; 87:S59-S66. [PMID: 31246908 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is a serious medical condition that can occur following traumatic injury to an extremity. If left undiagnosed, ACS can eventuate in amputation of the limb or even death. Because of this, fasciotomy to release the pressure within the muscle and restore tissue perfusion is often performed upon suspicion of ACS, as the sequelae to fasciotomy are less severe than those associated with not performing the fasciotomy. Currently, the "gold standard" of diagnosis is based on clinical assessment of such symptoms as pain out of proportion to the injury, obvious high pressure and swelling, pain on passive stretch of the muscles in the affected compartment, and deficits in sensory and/ormotor functions. Diagnosis is often confirmed using invasive measurements of intramuscular pressure (IMP); however, controversy exists as to how direct IMP measurement should be accomplished and threshold pressures for accurate diagnosis. Because of this and the attendant issues with invasive measurements, investigators have been searching over the last 25 years for a noninvasive means to quantitatively measure IMP or perfusion to the limb. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of the art of noninvasive devices that could potentially be used to diagnose ACS accurately and objectively. To do this, we divide the discussion into those medical devices that primarily measure mechanical surrogates of IMP (e.g., tissue hardness or myofascial displacement) and those that primarily measure indices of tissue perfusion (e.g., tissue oxygen saturation via near-infraredspectroscopy). While near-infrared spectroscopy-basedtechnologies have shown the most promise, whether such technologies will be of diagnostic benefit await the completion of ongoing clinical trials. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Systematic Review, level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Walters
- From the US Army Institute of Surgical Research (T.J.W., M.A.K., K.L.R.), Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas; and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute (A.R.H.), University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
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11
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the introduction (in 2006) of commercially available portable wireless muscle oximeters, the use of muscle near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology is gaining in popularity as an application to observe changes in muscle metabolism and muscle oxygenation during and after exercise or training interventions in both laboratory and applied sports settings. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this systematic review were to highlight the application of muscle oximetry in evaluating oxidative skeletal muscle performance to sport activities and emphasize how this technology has been applied to exercise and training. METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed in a systematic fashion to search, assess and synthesize existing literature on this topic. The Scopus and MEDLINE/PubMed electronic databases were searched to 1 March 2017. Potential inclusions were screened against eligibility criteria relating to recreationally trained to elite athletes, with or without training programs, who must have assessed physiological variables monitored by commercial oximeters or NIRS instrumentation. RESULTS Of the 14,609 identified records, only 57 studies met the eligibility criteria. This systematic review highlighted a number of key findings in 16 sporting activities. Overall, NIRS information can be used as a marker of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and for analyzing muscle performance factors. CONCLUSIONS Although NIRS instrumentation is promising in evaluating oxidative skeletal muscle performance when used in sport settings, there is still the need for further instrumental development and randomized/longitudinal trials to support the detailed advantages of muscle oximetry utilization in sports science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Perrey
- EuroMov, University of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France.
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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12
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Shannon OM, McGawley K, Nybäck L, Duckworth L, Barlow MJ, Woods D, Siervo M, O'Hara JP. "Beet-ing" the Mountain: A Review of the Physiological and Performance Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation at Simulated and Terrestrial Altitude. Sports Med 2018; 47:2155-2169. [PMID: 28577258 PMCID: PMC5633647 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to altitude results in multiple physiological consequences. These include, but are not limited to, a reduced maximal oxygen consumption, drop in arterial oxygen saturation, and increase in muscle metabolic perturbations at a fixed sub-maximal work rate. Exercise capacity during fixed work rate or incremental exercise and time-trial performance are also impaired at altitude relative to sea level. Recently, dietary nitrate (NO3−) supplementation has attracted considerable interest as a nutritional aid during altitude exposure. In this review, we summarise and critically evaluate the physiological and performance effects of dietary NO3− supplementation during exposure to simulated and terrestrial altitude. Previous investigations at simulated altitude indicate that NO3− supplementation may reduce the oxygen cost of exercise, elevate arterial and tissue oxygen saturation, improve muscle metabolic function, and enhance exercise capacity/performance. Conversely, current evidence suggests that NO3− supplementation does not augment the training response at simulated altitude. Few studies have evaluated the effects of NO3− at terrestrial altitude. Current evidence indicates potential improvements in endothelial function at terrestrial altitude following NO3− supplementation. No effects of NO3− supplementation have been observed on oxygen consumption or arterial oxygen saturation at terrestrial altitude, although further research is warranted. Limitations of the present body of literature are discussed, and directions for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Michael Shannon
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity, and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QS, UK.
| | - Kerry McGawley
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Linn Nybäck
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Lauren Duckworth
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity, and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QS, UK
| | - Matthew John Barlow
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity, and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QS, UK
| | - David Woods
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity, and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QS, UK.,Defence Medical Services, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, B152TH, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE45PL, UK
| | - John Paul O'Hara
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity, and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QS, UK
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13
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Gloeckl R, Andrianopoulos V, Stegemann A, Oversohl J, Schneeberger T, Schoenheit‐Kenn U, Hitzl W, Dreher M, Koczulla AR, Kenn K. High‐pressure non‐invasive ventilation during exercise in COPD patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure: A randomized, controlled, cross‐over trial. Respirology 2018; 24:254-261. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Gloeckl
- Institute for Pulmonary Rehabilitation ResearchSchoen Klinik Berchtesgadener Land Schoenau am Koenigssee Germany
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports MedicineTechnical University of Munich (TUM) Munich Germany
| | - Vasileios Andrianopoulos
- Institute for Pulmonary Rehabilitation ResearchSchoen Klinik Berchtesgadener Land Schoenau am Koenigssee Germany
| | - Antje Stegemann
- Institute for Pulmonary Rehabilitation ResearchSchoen Klinik Berchtesgadener Land Schoenau am Koenigssee Germany
| | - Julian Oversohl
- Department of Internal MedicinePhilipps‐University of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Tessa Schneeberger
- Institute for Pulmonary Rehabilitation ResearchSchoen Klinik Berchtesgadener Land Schoenau am Koenigssee Germany
- Department of Pulmonary RehabilitationPhilipps‐University of Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Marburg Germany
| | - Ursula Schoenheit‐Kenn
- Institute for Pulmonary Rehabilitation ResearchSchoen Klinik Berchtesgadener Land Schoenau am Koenigssee Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hitzl
- Research Office (Biostatistics)Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria
- Department of Ophthalmology and OptometryParacelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria
| | - Michael Dreher
- Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care MedicineUniversity Hospital RWTH Aachen Germany
| | - A. Rembert Koczulla
- Institute for Pulmonary Rehabilitation ResearchSchoen Klinik Berchtesgadener Land Schoenau am Koenigssee Germany
- Department of Pulmonary RehabilitationPhilipps‐University of Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Marburg Germany
| | - Klaus Kenn
- Institute for Pulmonary Rehabilitation ResearchSchoen Klinik Berchtesgadener Land Schoenau am Koenigssee Germany
- Department of Pulmonary RehabilitationPhilipps‐University of Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Marburg Germany
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14
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Medrinal C, Combret Y, Prieur G, Robledo Quesada A, Bonnevie T, Gravier FE, Dupuis Lozeron E, Frenoy E, Contal O, Lamia B. Comparison of exercise intensity during four early rehabilitation techniques in sedated and ventilated patients in ICU: a randomised cross-over trial. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2018; 22:110. [PMID: 29703223 PMCID: PMC5923017 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the ICU, out-of-bed rehabilitation is often delayed and in-bed exercises are generally low-intensity. Since the majority of rehabilitation is carried out in bed, it is essential to carry out the exercises that have the highest intensity. The aim of this study was to compare the physiological effects of four common types of bed exercise in intubated, sedated patients confined to bed in the ICU, in order to determine which was the most intensive. METHODS A randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of four bed exercises (passive range of movements (PROM), passive cycle-ergometry, quadriceps electrical stimulation and functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling) on cardiac output. Each exercise was carried out for ten minutes in ventilated, sedated patients. Cardiac output was recorded using cardiac Doppler ultrasound. The secondary aims were to evaluate right heart function and pulmonary and systemic artery pressures during the exercises, and the microcirculation of the vastus lateralis muscle. RESULTS The results were analysed in 19 patients. FES cycling was the only exercise that increased cardiac output, with a mean increase of 1 L/min (15%). There was a concomitant increase in muscle oxygen uptake, suggesting that muscle work occurred. FES cycling thus constitutes an effective early rehabilitation intervention. No muscle or systemic effects were induced by the passive techniques. CONCLUSION Most bed exercises were low-intensity and induced low levels of muscle work. FES cycling was the only exercise that increased cardiac output and produced sufficient intensity of muscle work. Longer-term studies of the effect of FES cycling on functional outcomes should be carried out. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02920684 . Registered on 30 September 2016. Prospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Medrinal
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UPRES EA3830 - GRHV, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France. .,Intensive Care Unit Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Hôpital Jacques Monod, Pierre Mendes France, 76290, Montivilliers, France.
| | - Yann Combret
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL & Dermatologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.,Physiotherapy Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, avenue Pierre Mendes France, 76290, Montivilliers, France
| | - Guillaume Prieur
- Intensive Care Unit Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Hôpital Jacques Monod, Pierre Mendes France, 76290, Montivilliers, France
| | - Aurora Robledo Quesada
- Intensive Care Unit Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Hôpital Jacques Monod, Pierre Mendes France, 76290, Montivilliers, France
| | - Tristan Bonnevie
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA3830 - GRHV, 76000, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France.,ADIR Association, Bois Guillaume, France
| | | | - Elise Dupuis Lozeron
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Frenoy
- Intensive Care Unit Department Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Hôpital Jacques Monod, 76290, Montivilliers, France
| | - Olivier Contal
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), avenue de Beaumont, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bouchra Lamia
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA3830 - GRHV, 76000, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France.,Intensive Care Unit, Respiratory Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Pulmonology Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, avenue Pierre Mendes France, 76290, Montivilliers, France
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15
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Gold JE, Hallman DM, Hellström F, Björklund M, Crenshaw AG, Mathiassen SE, Barbe MF, Ali S. Systematic review of quantitative imaging biomarkers for neck and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:395. [PMID: 28899384 PMCID: PMC5596923 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study systematically summarizes quantitative imaging biomarker research in non-traumatic neck and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). There were two research questions: 1) Are there quantitative imaging biomarkers associated with the presence of neck and shoulder MSDs?, 2) Are there quantitative imaging biomarkers associated with the severity of neck and shoulder MSDs? Methods PubMed and SCOPUS were used for the literature search. One hundred and twenty-five studies met primary inclusion criteria. Data were extracted from 49 sufficient quality studies. Results Most of the 125 studies were cross-sectional and utilized convenience samples of patients as both cases and controls. Only half controlled for potential confounders via exclusion or in the analysis. Approximately one-third reported response rates. In sufficient quality articles, 82% demonstrated at least one statistically significant association between the MSD(s) and biomarker(s) studied. The literature synthesis suggested that neck muscle size may be decreased in neck pain, and trapezius myalgia and neck/shoulder pain may be associated with reduced vascularity in the trapezius and reduced trapezius oxygen saturation at rest and in response to upper extremity tasks. Reduced vascularity in the supraspinatus tendon may also be a feature in rotator cuff tears. Five of eight studies showed an association between a quantitative imaging marker and MSD severity. Conclusions Although research on quantitative imaging biomarkers is still in a nascent stage, some MSD biomarkers were identified. There are limitations in the articles examined, including possible selection bias and inattention to potentially confounding factors. Recommendations for future studies are provided. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1694-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Gold
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden. .,Gold Standard Research Consulting, 830 Montgomery Ave, Bryn Mawr, PA, USA.
| | - David M Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Hellström
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Martin Björklund
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden.,Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Albert G Crenshaw
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sayed Ali
- Department of Radiology, Temple University Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Shannon OM, Duckworth L, Barlow MJ, Deighton K, Matu J, Williams EL, Woods D, Xie L, Stephan BCM, Siervo M, O'Hara JP. Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Physiological Responses, Cognitive Function, and Exercise Performance at Moderate and Very-High Simulated Altitude. Front Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28649204 PMCID: PMC5465306 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is reduced during acute altitude exposure, contributing toward the decline in physiological and cognitive function in this environment. This study evaluated the effects of nitrate (NO3−) supplementation on NO bioavailability, physiological and cognitive function, and exercise performance at moderate and very-high simulated altitude. Methods:Ten males (mean (SD): V˙O2max: 60.9 (10.1) ml·kg−1·min−1) rested and performed exercise twice at moderate (~14.0% O2; ~3,000 m) and twice at very-high (~11.7% O2; ~4,300 m) simulated altitude. Participants ingested either 140 ml concentrated NO3−-rich (BRJ; ~12.5 mmol NO3−) or NO3−-deplete (PLA; 0.01 mmol NO3−) beetroot juice 2 h before each trial. Participants rested for 45 min in normobaric hypoxia prior to completing an exercise task. Exercise comprised a 45 min walk at 30% V˙O2max and a 3 km time-trial (TT), both conducted on a treadmill at a 10% gradient whilst carrying a 10 kg backpack to simulate altitude hiking. Plasma nitrite concentration ([NO2−]), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), pulmonary oxygen uptake (V˙O2), muscle and cerebral oxygenation, and cognitive function were measured throughout. Results: Pre-exercise plasma [NO2−] was significantly elevated in BRJ compared with PLA (p = 0.001). Pulmonary V˙O2 was reduced (p = 0.020), and SpO2 was elevated (p = 0.005) during steady-state exercise in BRJ compared with PLA, with similar effects at both altitudes. BRJ supplementation enhanced 3 km TT performance relative to PLA by 3.8% [1,653.9 (261.3) vs. 1718.7 (213.0) s] and 4.2% [1,809.8 (262.0) vs. 1,889.1 (203.9) s] at 3,000 and 4,300 m, respectively (p = 0.019). Oxygenation of the gastrocnemius was elevated during the TT consequent to BRJ (p = 0.011). The number of false alarms during the Rapid Visual Information Processing Task tended to be lower with BRJ compared with PLA prior to altitude exposure (p = 0.056). Performance in all other cognitive tasks did not differ significantly between BRJ and PLA at any measurement point (p ≥ 0.141). Conclusion: This study suggests that BRJ improves physiological function and exercise performance, but not cognitive function, at simulated moderate and very-high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M Shannon
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity, and Leisure, Leeds Beckett UniversityLeeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Duckworth
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity, and Leisure, Leeds Beckett UniversityLeeds, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Barlow
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity, and Leisure, Leeds Beckett UniversityLeeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Deighton
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity, and Leisure, Leeds Beckett UniversityLeeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Matu
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity, and Leisure, Leeds Beckett UniversityLeeds, United Kingdom
| | - Emily L Williams
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity, and Leisure, Leeds Beckett UniversityLeeds, United Kingdom
| | - David Woods
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity, and Leisure, Leeds Beckett UniversityLeeds, United Kingdom.,Defence Medical Services, Royal Centre for Defence MedicineBirmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Long Xie
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Blossom C M Stephan
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Siervo
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John P O'Hara
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity, and Leisure, Leeds Beckett UniversityLeeds, United Kingdom
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17
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Borges NR, Driller MW. Wearable Lactate Threshold Predicting Device is Valid and Reliable in Runners. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:2212-8. [PMID: 27457915 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Borges, NR and Driller, MW. Wearable lactate threshold predicting device is valid and reliable in runners. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2212-2218, 2016-A commercially available device claiming to be the world's first wearable lactate threshold predicting device (WLT), using near-infrared LED technology, has entered the market. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of agreement between the WLT-derived lactate threshold workload and traditional methods of lactate threshold (LT) calculation and the interdevice and intradevice reliability of the WLT. Fourteen (7 male, 7 female; mean ± SD; age: 18-45 years, height: 169 ± 9 cm, mass: 67 ± 13 kg, V[Combining Dot Above]O2max: 53 ± 9 ml·kg·min) subjects ranging from recreationally active to highly trained athletes completed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion on a treadmill. Blood lactate samples were taken at the end of each 3-minute stage during the test to determine lactate threshold using 5 traditional methods from blood lactate analysis which were then compared against the WLT predicted value. In a subset of the population (n = 12), repeat trials were performed to determine both inter-reliability and intrareliability of the WLT device. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) found high to very high agreement between the WLT and traditional methods (ICC > 0.80), with TEMs and mean differences ranging between 3.9-10.2% and 1.3-9.4%. Both interdevice and intradevice reliability resulted in highly reproducible and comparable results (CV < 1.2%, TEM <0.2 km·h, ICC > 0.97). This study suggests that the WLT is a practical, reliable, and noninvasive tool for use in predicting LT in runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattai R Borges
- 1School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia; and2University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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18
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Hu G, Zhang Q, Ivkovic V, Strangman GE. Ambulatory diffuse optical tomography and multimodality physiological monitoring system for muscle and exercise applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:091314. [PMID: 27467190 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.9.091314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ambulatory diffuse optical tomography (aDOT) is based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and enables three-dimensional imaging of regional hemodynamics and oxygen consumption during a person’s normal activities. Although NIRS has been previously used for muscle assessment, it has been notably limited in terms of the number of channels measured, the extent to which subjects can be ambulatory, and/or the ability to simultaneously acquire synchronized auxiliary data such as electromyography (EMG) or electrocardiography (ECG). We describe the development of a prototype aDOT system, called NINscan-M, capable of ambulatory tomographic imaging as well as simultaneous auxiliary multimodal physiological monitoring. Powered by four AA size batteries and weighing 577 g, the NINscan-M prototype can synchronously record 64-channel NIRS imaging data, eight channels of EMG, ECG, or other analog signals, plus force, acceleration, rotation, and temperature for 24+ h at up to 250 Hz. We describe the system’s design, characterization, and performance characteristics. We also describe examples of isometric, cycle ergometer, and free-running ambulatory exercise to demonstrate tomographic imaging at 25 Hz. NINscan-M represents a multiuse tool for muscle physiology studies as well as clinical muscle assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Hu
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neural Systems Group, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Quan Zhang
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neural Systems Group, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United StatesbBaylor College of Medicine, Center for Space Medicine, 6500 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United
| | - Vladimir Ivkovic
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neural Systems Group, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Gary E Strangman
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neural Systems Group, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United StatesbBaylor College of Medicine, Center for Space Medicine, 6500 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United
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19
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Costalat G, Coquart J, Castres I, Joulia F, Sirost O, Clua E, Lemaître F. The oxygen-conserving potential of the diving response: A kinetic-based analysis. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:678-687. [PMID: 27167834 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1183809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the oxygen-conserving potential of the human diving response by comparing trained breath-hold divers (BHDs) to non-divers (NDs) during simulated dynamic breath-holding (BH). Changes in haemodynamics [heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO)] and peripheral muscle oxygenation [oxyhaemoglobin ([HbO2]), deoxyhaemoglobin ([HHb]), total haemoglobin ([tHb]), tissue saturation index (TSI)] and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) were continuously recorded during simulated dynamic BH. BHDs showed a breaking point in HR kinetics at mid-BH immediately preceding a more pronounced drop in HR (-0.86 bpm.%-1) while HR kinetics in NDs steadily decreased throughout BH (-0.47 bpm.%-1). By contrast, SV remained unchanged during BH in both groups (all P > 0.05). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) results (mean ± SD) expressed as percentage changes from the initial values showed a lower [HHb] increase for BHDs than for NDs at the cessation of BH (+24.0 ± 10.1 vs. +39.2 ± 9.6%, respectively; P < 0.05). As a result, BHDs showed a [tHb] drop that NDs did not at the end of BH (-7.3 ± 3.2 vs. -3.0 ± 4.7%, respectively; P < 0.05). The most striking finding of the present study was that BHDs presented an increase in oxygen-conserving efficiency due to substantial shifts in both cardiac and peripheral haemodynamics during simulated BH. In addition, the kinetic-based approach we used provides further credence to the concept of an "oxygen-conserving breaking point" in the human diving response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy Coquart
- a CETAPS Laboratory , Normandie University , Mont Saint-Aignan , France
| | - Ingrid Castres
- a CETAPS Laboratory , Normandie University , Mont Saint-Aignan , France
| | - Fabrice Joulia
- b UMR MD2, Aix Marseille University and IRBA , Marseille , France
| | - Olivier Sirost
- a CETAPS Laboratory , Normandie University , Mont Saint-Aignan , France
| | - Eric Clua
- c NRS-EPHE , USR3278 , Papetoai , French Polynesia
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- a CETAPS Laboratory , Normandie University , Mont Saint-Aignan , France
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20
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Fletcher JR, Groves EM, Pfister TR, MacIntosh BR. Can muscle shortening alone, explain the energy cost of muscle contraction in vivo? Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 113:2313-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hamaoka T. Muscle oxygenation monitoring using near-infrared spectroscopy. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.2.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Influence of heat stress and exercise intensity on vastus lateralis muscle and prefrontal cortex oxygenation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 113:211-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Jerônimo DP, de Souza RA, da Silva FF, Camargo GL, Miranda HL, Xavier M, Sakane KK, Ribeiro W. Detection of creatine in rat muscle by FTIR spectroscopy. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 40:2069-77. [PMID: 22419197 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-012-0549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a current lack of clarity regarding the use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to evaluate intramuscular concentrations of creatine (Cr). Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the FT-IR spectral features of tibialis anterior muscle in rats submitted in conditions that were expected to perturb the Cr pool. First, an experiment was performed to ensure that FT-IR was able to detect the Cr intramuscular in sedentary and supplemented rats (Experiment 1). The effect of physical exercise on spectral muscle features was then examined, especially in relation to the spectroscopy markers (Experiment 2). Using pure Cr (control), it was possible to verify that only the peaks centered at 1308 and 1396 cm(-1) of all the spectra showed the same peak positions, indicating these FT-IR shifts as indirect markers of Cr intramuscular content. Experiment 2 revealed a higher Cr content for the Cr-supplemented and exercised animals than the rats of other groups. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that FT-IR spectroscopy using 1396 cm(-1) and mainly 1308 band was able to monitor Cr muscle content in rats sedentary, Cr-supplemented, and submitted to physical training. Besides, FT-IR could be a feasible method for the nondestructive assessment of Cr skeletal muscle content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Pereira Jerônimo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacodynamics, Institute of Research and Development (IP&D), Vale do Paraiba University (UNIVAP), Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12244-000, Brazil
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Krite Svanberg E, Wollmer P, Andersson-Engels S, Åkeson J. Physiological influence of basic perturbations assessed by non-invasive optical techniques in humans. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011; 36:946-57. [DOI: 10.1139/h11-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
New non-invasive techniques enabling frequent or continuous assessments of various pathophysiological conditions might be used to improve in-hospital outcome by enabling earlier and more reliable bedside detection of medical deterioration. In this preclinical study, three modern non-invasive optical techniques, laser Doppler imaging (LDI), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and tissue viability imaging (TVI), were all evaluated with respect to the influence of basic physiological perturbations (including local changes in arm positioning, skin temperature, and regional blood flow conditions) on quasi simultaneously obtained values of skin perfusion, muscle tissue oxygenation (StO2), and skin blood volume, recorded in eighteen healthy volunteers. Skin perfusion measured by LDI responded prominently to changes in positioning of the arm, whereas muscle StO2 measured by NIRS did not change significantly. Total haemoglobin count (HbT) measured by NIRS and blood volume estimated by TVI both increased significantly on lowering of the limb. On local cooling, the perfusion and blood volume were both found to increase considerably, while StO2 and HbT did not change. Local heating induced a more than 10-fold increase in skin perfusion and a small increase in blood volume. On progressive venoarterial occlusion, the perfusion, StO2, HbT, and blood volume values decreased, after transient increases in HbT and blood volume before full arterial occlusion occurred, and all values approached the baseline level on release of the occlusion with a slight overshoot of the StO2. The results obtained have potential bearing on future utilization of these non-invasive techniques in the management of severely injured and (or) critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Krite Svanberg
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, entrance 42, 3rd floor, SE – 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Jonas Åkeson
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, entrance 42, 3rd floor, SE – 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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Koga S, Poole DC, Fukuoka Y, Ferreira LF, Kondo N, Ohmae E, Barstow TJ. Methodological validation of the dynamic heterogeneity of muscle deoxygenation within the quadriceps during cycle exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 301:R534-41. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00101.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The conventional continuous wave near-infrared spectroscopy (CW-NIRS) has enabled identification of regional differences in muscle deoxygenation following onset of exercise. However, assumptions of constant optical factors (e.g., path length) used to convert the relative changes in CW-NIRS signal intensity to values of relative concentration, bring the validity of such measurements into question. Furthermore, to justify comparisons among sites and subjects, it is essential to correct the amplitude of deoxygenated hemoglobin plus myoglobin [deoxy(Hb+Mb)] for the adipose tissue thickness (ATT). We used two time-resolved NIRS systems to measure the distribution of the optical factors directly, thereby enabling the determination of the absolute concentrations of deoxy(Hb+Mb) simultaneously at the distal and proximal sites within the vastus lateralis (VL) and the rectus femoris muscles. Eight subjects performed cycle exercise transitions from unloaded to heavy work rates (>gas exchange threshold). Following exercise onset, the ATT-corrected amplitudes (Ap), time delay (TDp), and time constant (τp) of the primary component kinetics in muscle deoxy(Hb + Mb) were spatially heterogeneous (intersite coefficient of variation range for the subjects: 10–50 for Ap, 16–58 for TDp, 14–108% for τp). The absolute and relative amplitudes of the deoxy(Hb+Mb) responses were highly dependent on ATT, both within subjects and between measurement sites. The present results suggest that regional heterogeneity in the magnitude and temporal profile of muscle deoxygenation is a consequence of differential matching of O2 delivery and O2 utilization, not an artifact caused by changes in optical properties of the tissue during exercise or variability in the overlying adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsaku Koga
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Kobe Design University, Kobe
| | - David C. Poole
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, and Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas J. Barstow
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, and Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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26
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Muthalib M, Lee H, Millet GY, Ferrari M, Nosaka K. The repeated-bout effect: influence on biceps brachii oxygenation and myoelectrical activity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 110:1390-9. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00191.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated biceps brachii oxygenation and myoelectrical activity during and following maximal eccentric exercise to better understand the repeated-bout effect. Ten men performed two bouts of eccentric exercise (ECC1, ECC2), consisting of 10 sets of 6 maximal lengthening contractions of the elbow flexors separated by 4 wk. Tissue oxygenation index minimum amplitude (TOImin), mean and maximum total hemoglobin volume by near-infrared spectroscopy, torque, and surface electromyography root mean square (EMGRMS) during exercise were compared between ECC1 and ECC2. Changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque, range of motion, plasma creatine kinase activity, muscle soreness, TOImin, and EMGRMS during sustained (10-s) and 30-repeated isometric contraction tasks at 30% (same absolute force) and 100% MVC (same relative force) for 4 days postexercise were compared between ECC1 and ECC2. No significant differences between ECC1 and ECC2 were evident for changes in torque, TOImin, mean total hemoglobin volume, maximum total hemoglobin volume, and EMGRMS during exercise. Smaller ( P < 0.05) changes and faster recovery of muscle damage markers were evident following ECC2 than ECC1. During 30% MVC tasks, TOImin did not change, but EMGRMS increased 1–4 days following ECC1 and ECC2. During 100% MVC tasks, EMGRMS did not change, but torque and TOImin decreased 1–4 days following ECC1 and ECC2. TOImin during 100% MVC tasks and EMGRMS during 30% MVC tasks recovered faster ( P < 0.05) following ECC2 than ECC1. We conclude that the repeated-bout effect cannot be explained by altered muscle activation or metabolic/hemodynamic changes, and the faster recovery in muscle oxygenation and activation was mainly due to faster recovery of force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makii Muthalib
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Human Movement Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Hoseong Lee
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Graduate School of Sport of Science, Dankook University, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - Guillaume Y. Millet
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Université de Lyon, and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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27
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Denis R, Bringard A, Perrey S. Vastus lateralis oxygenation dynamics during maximal fatiguing concentric and eccentric isokinetic muscle actions. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2011; 21:276-82. [PMID: 21256047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess whether high intensity exhaustive eccentric (ECC) exercise was associated with a greater decrease in muscle oxygenation compared to high intensity exhaustive concentric (CON) exercise during maximal isokinetic knee extensions. On two separate days, ten recreationally active participants performed maximal isokinetic concentric (KE(CON)) and eccentric (KE(ECC)) knee extension exercises at 60°s(-1) until exhaustion. Muscle oxygenation profile and activity were acquired continuously from the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle using near-infrared spectroscopy, along with surface electromyography (sEMG). The torque output was significantly greater during KE(ECC) (P<0.01). Total time to exhaustion was longer in ECC condition (P<0.01). The decrease in tissue oxygenation index observed between the beginning and end-exercise values was significantly greater during KE(ECC) than during KE(CON) (P<0.05) while total haemoglobin volume did not differ significantly. KE(ECC) resulted in a significant increase in end-exercise integrated sEMG (P<0.05). We propose that the associated higher intramuscular pressure may have compressed blood vessels and led to a greater decrease in tissue oxygenation index. The observed end-exercise increase in neural drive during KE(ECC) may have occurred to prevent from muscle performance decrease. These results suggest that, over time, repeated maximal ECC actions induce a greater O(2) extraction compared to maximal CON actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Denis
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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28
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Marques A, Stothers L, Macnab A. The status of pelvic floor muscle training for women. Can Urol Assoc J 2010; 4:419-24. [PMID: 21191506 PMCID: PMC2997838 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.10026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is no consensus on the amount of exercise necessary to improve pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function. We reviewed the pathophysiology of PFM dysfunction and the evolution of PFM training regimens since Kegel introduced the concept of pelvic floor awareness and the benefits of strength. This paper also describes the similarities and differences between PFM and other muscular groups, reviews the physiology of muscle contraction and principles of muscle fitness and exercise benefits and presents the range of protocols designed to strengthen the PFM and improve function. We also discuss the potential application of new technology and methodologies. The design of PFM training logically requires multiple factors to be considered in each patient. Research that defines measures to objectively quantify the degree of dysfunction and the efficacy of training would be beneficial. The application of new technologies may help this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marques
- Postdoctoral student, Bladder Care Centre University of British Columbia (Canada), Department of Physiotherapy of the Center for Assistance to Women’s Health, CAISM-UNICAMP, Campinas (SP), Brazil
| | - Lynn Stothers
- Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia Hospital: Bladder Care Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Andrew Macnab
- Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia Hospital: Bladder Care Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
- Fellow, Stellenbosch University, Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Western Cape, South Africa
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29
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Muthalib M, Jubeau M, Millet GY, Maffiuletti NA, Ferrari M, Nosaka K. Biceps brachii muscle oxygenation in electrical muscle stimulation. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2010; 30:360-368. [PMID: 20618357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.2010.00953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare between electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) and maximal voluntary (VOL) isometric contractions of the elbow flexors for changes in biceps brachii muscle oxygenation (tissue oxygenation index, TOI) and haemodynamics (total haemoglobin volume, tHb = oxygenated-Hb + deoxygenated-Hb) determined by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The biceps brachii muscle of 10 healthy men (23-39 years) was electrically stimulated at high frequency (75 Hz) via surface electrodes to evoke 50 intermittent (4-s contraction, 15-s relaxation) isometric contractions at maximum tolerated current level (EMS session). The contralateral arm performed 50 intermittent (4-s contraction, 15-s relaxation) maximal voluntary isometric contractions (VOL session) in a counterbalanced order separated by 2-3 weeks. Results indicated that although the torque produced during EMS was approximately 50% of VOL (P<0.05), there was no significant difference in the changes in TOI amplitude or TOI slope between EMS and VOL over the 50 contractions. However, the TOI amplitude divided by peak torque was approximately 50% lower for EMS than VOL (P<0.05), which indicates EMS was less efficient than VOL. This seems likely because of the difference in the muscles involved in the force production between conditions. Mean decrease in tHb amplitude during the contraction phases was significantly (P<0.05) greater for EMS than VOL from the 10th contraction onwards, suggesting that the muscle blood volume was lower in EMS than VOL. It is concluded that local oxygen demand of the biceps brachii sampled by NIRS is similar between VOL and EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makii Muthalib
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation & School of Human Movement Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marc Jubeau
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,Laboratory INSERM U887, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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30
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Lai N, Zhou H, Saidel GM, Wolf M, McCully K, Gladden LB, Cabrera ME. Modeling oxygenation in venous blood and skeletal muscle in response to exercise using near-infrared spectroscopy. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 106:1858-74. [PMID: 19342438 PMCID: PMC2692777 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91102.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive, continuous measurements in vivo are commonly used to make inferences about mechanisms controlling internal and external respiration during exercise. In particular, the dynamic response of muscle oxygenation (Sm(O(2))) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is assumed to be correlated to that of venous oxygen saturation (Sv(O(2))) measured invasively. However, there are situations where the dynamics of Sm(O(2)) and Sv(O(2)) do not follow the same pattern. A quantitative analysis of venous and muscle oxygenation dynamics during exercise is necessary to explain the links between different patterns observed experimentally. For this purpose, a mathematical model of oxygen transport and utilization that accounts for the relative contribution of hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb) to the NIRS signal was developed. This model includes changes in microvascular composition within skeletal muscle during exercise and integrates experimental data in a consistent and mechanistic manner. Three subjects (age 25.6 +/- 0.6 yr) performed square-wave moderate exercise on a cycle ergometer under normoxic and hypoxic conditions while muscle oxygenation (C(oxy)) and deoxygenation (C(deoxy)) were measured by NIRS. Under normoxia, the oxygenated Hb/Mb concentration (C(oxy)) drops rapidly at the onset of exercise and then increases monotonically. Under hypoxia, C(oxy) decreases exponentially to a steady state within approximately 2 min. In contrast, model simulations of venous oxygen concentration show an exponential decrease under both conditions due to the imbalance between oxygen delivery and consumption at the onset of exercise. Also, model simulations that distinguish the dynamic responses of oxy-and deoxygenated Hb (HbO(2), HHb) and Mb (MbO(2), HMb) concentrations (C(oxy) = HbO(2) + MbO(2); C(deoxy) = HHb + HMb) show that Hb and Mb contributions to the NIRS signal are comparable. Analysis of NIRS signal components during exercise with a mechanistic model of oxygen transport and metabolism indicates that changes in oxygenated Hb and Mb are responsible for different patterns of Sm(O(2)) and Sv(O(2)) dynamics observed under normoxia and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lai
- Depatment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7207, USA.
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31
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Ohkubo M, Hamaoka T, Niwayama M, Murase N, Osada T, Kime R, Kurosawa Y, Sakamoto A, Katsumura T. Local increase in trapezius muscle oxygenation during and after acupuncture. DYNAMIC MEDICINE : DM 2009; 8:2. [PMID: 19291290 PMCID: PMC2662816 DOI: 10.1186/1476-5918-8-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the trapezius muscle blood volume and oxygenation in the stimulation region and in a distant region in the same muscle during acupuncture stimulation (AS). We hypothesized that AS provokes a localized increase in muscle blood volume and oxygenation in the stimulation region. METHODS Two sets of near-infrared spectrometer (NIRS) probes, with 40-mm light-source detector spacing, were placed on the right trapezius muscle, with a 50-mm distance between the probes. Changes in muscle oxygenation (oxy-Hb) and blood volume (t-Hb) in stimulation and distant regions (50 mm away from the stimulation point) were measured using NIRS. Nine healthy acupuncture-experienced subjects were chosen as the experimental (AS) group, and 10 healthy acupuncture-experienced subjects were chosen for the control (no AS) group. Measurements began with a 3-min rest period, followed by "Jakutaku" (AS) for 2 min, and recovery after stimulation. RESULTS There was a significant increase in oxy-Hb (60.7 muM at maximum) and t-Hb (48.1 muM at maximum) in the stimulation region compared to the distant region. In the stimulation region, a significant increase in oxy-Hb and t-Hb compared with the pre-stimulation level was first noted at 58.5 s and 13.5 s, respectively, after the onset of stimulation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, oxygenation and blood volume increased, indicating elevated blood flow to the small vessels, not in the distant region used in this study, but in the stimulation region of the trapezius muscle during and after a 2-min AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ohkubo
- Tokyo Therapeutic Institute, 3 Sanei-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0008, Japan
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima 891-2393, Japan
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Masatugu Niwayama
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Norio Murase
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takuya Osada
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Kime
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yuko Kurosawa
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 3125 Eden Ave, 2327 Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, PO Box 670536, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0536, USA
| | - Ayumi Sakamoto
- Tokyo Therapeutic Institute, 3 Sanei-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0008, Japan
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Toshihito Katsumura
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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Lusina SJC, Warburton DER, Hatfield NG, Sheel AW. Muscle deoxygenation of upper-limb muscles during progressive arm-cranking exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 33:231-8. [PMID: 18347677 DOI: 10.1139/h07-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine which upper-limb muscle exhibits the greatest change in muscle deoxygenation during arm-cranking exercise (ACE). We hypothesized that the biceps brachii (BB) would show the greatest change in muscle deoxygenation during progressive ACE to exhaustion relative to triceps brachii (TR), brachioradialis (BR), and anterior deltoid (AD). Healthy young men (n = 11; age = 27 +/- 1 y; mean +/- SEM) performed an incremental ACE test to exhaustion. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to monitor the relative concentration changes in oxy- (O2Hb), deoxy- (HHb), and total hemoglobin (Hbtot), as well as tissue oxygenation index (TOI) in each of the 4 muscles. During submaximal arm exercise, we found that changes to NIRS-derived measurements were not different between the 4 muscles studied (p > 0.05). At maximal exercise HHb was significantly higher in the BB compared with AD (p < 0.05). Relative to the other 3 muscles, BB exhibited the greatest decrease in O2Hb and TOI (p < 0.05). Our investigation provides two new and important findings: (i) during submaximal ACE the BB, TR, BR, and AD exhibit similar changes in muscle deoxygenation and (ii) during maximal ACE the BB exhibits the greatest change in intramuscular O2 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane C Lusina
- School of Human Kinetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Patrick Neary J, Roberts ADW, Leavins N, Harrison MF, Croll JC, Sexsmith JR. Prefrontal cortex oxygenation during incremental exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2008; 28:364-72. [PMID: 18671793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.2008.00822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of maximal incremental exercise on cerebral oxygenation in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) subjects. Furthermore, we tested the hypothesis that CFS subjects have a reduced oxygen delivery to the brain during exercise. Six female CFS and eight control (CON) subjects (similar in height, weight, body mass index and physical activity level) performed an incremental cycle ergometer test to exhaustion, while changes in cerebral oxy-haemoglobin (HbO2), deoxy-haemoglobin (HHb), total blood volume (tHb = HbO2 + HHb) and O2 saturation [tissue oxygenation index (TOI), %)] was monitored in the left prefrontal lobe using a near-infrared spectrophotometer. Heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded at each workload throughout the test. Predicted VO2peak in CFS (1331 +/- 377 ml) subjects was significantly (P < or = 0.05) lower than the CON group (1990 +/- 332 ml), and CFS subjects achieved volitional exhaustion significantly faster (CFS: 351 +/- 224 s; CON: 715 +/- 176 s) at a lower power output (CFS: 100 +/- 39 W; CON: 163 +/- 34 W). CFS subjects also exhibited a significantly lower maximum HR (CFS: 154 +/- 13 bpm; CON: 186 +/- 11 bpm) and consistently reported a higher RPE at the same absolute workload when compared with CON subjects. Prefrontal cortex HbO2, HHb and tHb were significantly lower at maximal exercise in CFS versus CON, as was TOI during exercise and recovery. The CFS subjects exhibited significant exercise intolerance and reduced prefrontal oxygenation and tHb response when compared with CON subjects. These data suggest that the altered cerebral oxygenation and blood volume may contribute to the reduced exercise load in CFS, and supports the contention that CFS, in part, is mediated centrally.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Patrick Neary
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.
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Cettolo V, Ferrari M, Biasini V, Quaresima V. Vastus lateralis O2 desaturation in response to fast and short maximal contraction. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 39:1949-59. [PMID: 17986902 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181453476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate, in heavy-resistance strength-trained (N = 10) and untrained (N = 10) subjects, the vastus lateralis muscle oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) desaturation time course in response to a brief, maximal, voluntary isometric contraction. METHODS The two groups were not statistically different physically. Mean (+/- SD) age, height, and body mass of all the subjects were 28.0 +/- 6.3 yr, 1.8 +/- 0.1 m, and 77.8 +/- 9.9 kg, respectively. Each subject performed five trials. Every trial consisted of 1) a 1-min rest period, 2) a leg press exercise of 2-4 s, and 3) a 5-min recovery period. Leg press exercise consisted of a static maximal voluntary contraction performed using the dominant leg only. Leg press strength was recorded using a load cell. Muscle O2Hb saturation (SmO2) was measured noninvasively by near-infrared spectroscopy (0.17-s sampling time). RESULTS Rate of force development was higher in the trained subjects than in the untrained ones (6897 +/- 1654 vs 5515 +/- 1434 N x s(-1); P < 0.05). Once the exercise began, the time to the onset of SmO2 decrease was consistently shorter in the untrained than in the trained subjects (2.81 +/- 0.40 vs 3.91 +/- 0.67 s, P < 0.01). In all the trained subjects and in two of the untrained ones, SmO2 started to decrease once the exercise was stopped. After the end of the exercise, SmO2 transiently decreased and reached its minimum value in 15.0 +/- 3.8 and 10.1 +/- 1.3 s in the trained and untrained subjects, respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These data suggest that the vastus lateralis muscle of heavy-resistance strength-trained subjects could have a late activation of the oxidative metabolic system, or greater stored oxygen available, during a very fast, short, isometric maximal contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cettolo
- Department of Science and Biomedical Technologies, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Hamaoka T, McCully KK, Quaresima V, Yamamoto K, Chance B. Near-infrared spectroscopy/imaging for monitoring muscle oxygenation and oxidative metabolism in healthy and diseased humans. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2007; 12:062105. [PMID: 18163808 DOI: 10.1117/1.2805437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was initiated in 1977 by Jobsis as a simple, noninvasive method for measuring the presence of oxygen in muscle and other tissues in vivo. This review honoring Jobsis highlights the progress that has been made in developing and adapting NIRS and NIR imaging (NIRI) technologies for evaluating skeletal muscle O(2) dynamics and oxidative energy metabolism. Development of NIRS/NIRI technologies has included novel approaches to quantification of the signal, as well as the addition of multiple source detector pairs for imaging. Adaptation of NIRS technology has focused on the validity and reliability of NIRS measurements. NIRS measurements have been extended to resting, ischemic, localized exercise, and whole body exercise conditions. In addition, NIRS technology has been applied to the study of a number of chronic health conditions, including patients with chronic heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, varying muscle diseases, spinal cord injury, and renal failure. As NIRS technology continues to evolve, the study of skeletal muscle function with NIRS first illuminated by Jobsis continues to be bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Hamaoka
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports, Department of Exercise Science, Shiromizu 1, Kanoya, 891-2393 Japan.
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Wolf M, Ferrari M, Quaresima V. Progress of near-infrared spectroscopy and topography for brain and muscle clinical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2007; 12:062104. [PMID: 18163807 DOI: 10.1117/1.2804899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This review celebrates the 30th anniversary of the first in vivo near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (NIRS) publication, which was authored by Professor Frans Jobsis. At first, NIRS was utilized to experimentally and clinically investigate cerebral oxygenation. Later it was applied to study muscle oxidative metabolism. Since 1993, the discovery that the functional activation of the human cerebral cortex can be explored by NIRS has added a new dimension to the research. To obtain simultaneous multiple and localized information, a further major step forward was achieved by introducing NIR imaging (NIRI) and tomography. This review reports on the progress of the NIRS and NIRI instrumentation for brain and muscle clinical applications 30 years after the discovery of in vivo NIRS. The review summarizes the measurable parameters in relation to the different techniques, the main characteristics of the prototypes under development, and the present commercially available NIRS and NIRI instrumentation. Moreover, it discusses strengths and limitations and gives an outlook into the "bright" future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wolf
- University Hospital Zurich, Clinic of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Felici F, Quaresima V, Fattorini L, Sbriccoli P, Filligoi GC, Ferrari M. Biceps brachii myoelectric and oxygenation changes during static and sinusoidal isometric exercises. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2007; 19:e1-11. [PMID: 17890107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface myoelectric signal changes occurring during sustained isometric contractions have been extensively studied with quantitative surface electromyography (sEMG) and are described by means of some sEMG global variables in time and frequency domain (such as the median power spectral frequency). Recently, the possibility of studying local muscle O(2) saturation during exercise using non-invasive methods has been enhanced thanks to the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The purpose of this work was to combine NIRS and sEMG techniques to analyze the relationship between modifications of sEMG parameters and the underlying metabolic status of the exercising biceps brachii muscle. This relationship was tested under different isometric contraction modalities, namely static (ST) at 20, 40, 60 and 80%MVC and sinusoidal (SIN) at 40+/-20 and 60+/-20%MVC. Results clearly indicated the presence of an initial fast phase of muscle O(2) desaturation followed by a slow phase, regardless of the contraction modality. Moreover, the initial rate of muscle O(2) desaturation was related to the level of force output (R=0.92), but it was independent on the contraction modality (p<0.05). Similarly, changes in sEMG parameters were related to force level (Conduction Velocity-CV vs. Force: R=0.87; sEMG Median Frequency-MDF vs. Force: R=0.86). The high correlation found between CV-MDF and Tissue Oxygenation Index (TOI) slope (R=0.73 and 0.72, respectively) suggests a strong relationship between NIRS and sEMG data. This study indicates that muscle O(2) demand during isometric contractions from low to high force levels is influenced by the type of active motor units and not from the type of isometric exercise modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Felici
- Department of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00194 Roma, Italy.
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Wolf U, Wolf M, Choi JH, Paunescu LA, Michalos A, Gratton E. Regional Differences of Hemodynamics and Oxygenation in the Human Calf Muscle Detected with Near-Infrared Spectrophotometry. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2007; 18:1094-101. [PMID: 17804770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Measurements in muscle tissue are often performed at a selected single location over the muscle of interest. The hypothesis is that the values obtained reflect the status within the entire muscle or muscle group. This, however, may not be the case. The study was performed to investigate whether this hypothesis is true for hemodynamics and oxygenation in the healthy human calf muscle at rest. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hemoglobin flow, blood flow, oxygen consumption, and venous hemoglobin oxygen saturation were mapped at 22 locations in 30 legs of 15 healthy subjects (nine women, six men aged 26-37 years) simultaneously by using frequency-domain near-infrared spectrophotometry with a specially designed probe during venous occlusion. RESULTS For all parameters, spatial heterogeneity was found between subjects and within individual legs. All parameters were highly significantly different when comparing proximal and distal regions. Differences were also found between medial and lateral regions. The global mean values (+/-standard deviation) over all measurements were as follows: hemoglobin flow, 1.27 micromol per 100 mL/min +/- 0.88; blood flow, 0.56 mL per 100 g/min +/- 0.38; oxygen consumption, 0.016 mL per 100 g/min +/- 0.011; and venous oxygen saturation, 77.6% +/- 5.9. The thickness of the overlying adipose tissue had an influence on the measurements and must be considered. CONCLUSION Highly significant spatial heterogeneity of hemodynamics and oxygenation was found in the healthy human calf muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Wolf
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences II Bldg, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA
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Quaresima V, Ferrari M. QUANTIFICATION OF QUADRICEPS O2 DESATURATION IN RESPONSE TO SHORT SPRINT CYCLING. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39:1205; author reply 1206. [PMID: 17596791 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180686dff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cardinale M, Ferrari M, Quaresima V. Gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis oxygenation during whole-body vibration exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39:694-700. [PMID: 17414808 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31803084d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different whole-body vibration (WBV) frequencies on oxygenation of vastus lateralis (VL) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscles during static squatting in sedentary and physically active healthy males. METHODS Twenty volunteers (age: 24.6 +/- 2.9 yr; body mass: 80.6 +/- 11.8 kg; height: 178.1 +/- 7.6 cm) participated in this study. Ten subjects were sedentary individuals and 10 were athletes practicing different sports. All subjects completed four trials (control, and 30-, 40-, and 50-Hz WBV) in a randomized controlled crossover design. The trials consisted of static squatting on a vibrating platform for a total duration of 110 s. Muscle-oxygenation status was recorded with near-infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS The data analysis revealed no significant treatment-by-time interactions in tissue-oxygenation index (TOI) or Delta total hemoglobin volume (tHb) in VL and GM muscles. A significant main effect of time in TOI of both VL and GM muscles was identified (P<0.001). VL TOI significantly decreased by 2.8% at 90 s in the control condition and by 3.3% at 110 s in the 30-Hz condition; VL TOI significantly increased by 2.1 and 3.0% at 30 s in the 40- and 50-Hz conditions, respectively. GM TOI significantly decreased by 3.2% at 60 s, by 4.1% at 90 s, and by 4.3% at 110 s in the control condition, and by 5.5% at 110 s in the 30-Hz condition. CONCLUSION This study showed that WBV exercise with frequencies of 30, 40, and 50 Hz and small amplitudes does not affect muscle oxygenation of VL and GM muscles to a higher degree than a nonvibration condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cardinale
- Olympic Medical Institute, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom.
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Lai N, Dash RK, Nasca MM, Saidel GM, Cabrera ME. Relating pulmonary oxygen uptake to muscle oxygen consumption at exercise onset: in vivo and in silico studies. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006; 97:380-94. [PMID: 16636861 PMCID: PMC4124916 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-006-0176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of the rate of muscle oxygen consumption, UO(2m), in vivo during exercise involving a large muscle mass is critical for investigating mechanisms regulating energy metabolism at exercise onset. While UO(2m) is technically difficult to obtain under these circumstances, pulmonary oxygen uptake, VO(2p), can be readily measured and used as a proxy to UO(2m). However, the quantitative relationship between VO(2p) and UO(2m) during the nonsteady phase of exercise in humans, needs to be established. A computational model of oxygen transport and utilization--based on dynamic mass balances in blood and tissue cells--was applied to quantify the dynamic relationship between model-simulated UO(2m) and measured VO(2p) during moderate (M), heavy (H), and very heavy (V) intensity exercise. In seven human subjects, VO(2p) and muscle oxygen saturation, StO(2m), were measured with indirect calorimetry and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), respectively. The dynamic responses of VO(2p) and StO(2m) at each intensity were in agreement with previously published data. The response time of muscle oxygen consumption, tauUO(2m) estimated by direct comparison between model results and measurements of StO(2m) was significantly faster (P < 0.001) than that of pulmonary oxygen uptake, tauVO(2p) (M: 13 +/- 4 vs. 65 +/- 7 s; H: 13 +/- 4 vs. 100 +/- 24 s; V: 15 +/- 5 vs. 82 +/- 31 s). Thus, by taking into account the dynamics of oxygen stores in blood and tissue and determining muscle oxygen consumption from muscle oxygenation measurements, this study demonstrates a significant temporal dissociation between UO(2m) and VO(2p) at exercise onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-6011, USA. Center for Modeling Integrated Metabolic Systems, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-6011, USA
| | - R. K. Dash
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-6011, USA. Center for Modeling Integrated Metabolic Systems, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-6011, USA
| | - M. M. Nasca
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-6011, USA
| | - G. M. Saidel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-6011, USA. Center for Modeling Integrated Metabolic Systems, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-6011, USA
| | - M. E. Cabrera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-6011, USA. Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-6011, USA. Center for Modeling Integrated Metabolic Systems, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-6011, USA. Pediatric Cardiology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, MS 6011, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-6011, USA, Tel.: +1-216-8445085, Fax: +1-216-8445478
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Neary JP, McKenzie DC, Bhambhani YN. Muscle oxygenation trends after tapering in trained cyclists. DYNAMIC MEDICINE : DM 2005; 4:4. [PMID: 15790400 PMCID: PMC1079910 DOI: 10.1186/1476-5918-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2004] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study examined muscle deoxygenation trends before and after a 7-day taper using non-invasive near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). METHODS: Eleven cyclists performed an incremental cycle ergometer test to determine maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max = 4.68 +/- 0.57 L.min-1) prior to the study, and then completed two or three high intensity (85-90% VO2max) taper protocols after being randomly assigned to a taper group: T30 (n = 5), T50 (n = 5), or T80 (n = 5) [30%, 50%, 80% reduction in training volume, respectively]. Physiological measurements were recorded during a simulated 20 km time trials (20TT) performed on a set of wind-loaded rollers. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results showed that the physiological variables of oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide (VCO2) and heart rate (HR) were not significantly different after tapering, except for a decreased ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VE/VO2) in T50 (p = 0.05). However, during the 20TT muscle deoxygenation measured continuously in the vastus medialis was significantly lower (-749 +/- 324 vs. -1140 +/- 465 mV) in T50 after tapering, which was concomitant with a 4.53% improvement (p = 0.057) in 20TT performance time, and a 0.18 L.min-1 (4.5%) increase in VO2. Furthermore, when changes in performance time and tissue deoxygenation (post- minus pre-taper) were plotted (n = 11), a moderately high correlation was found (r = 0.82). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that changes in simulated 20TT performance appeared to be related, in part, to changes in muscle deoxygenation following tapering, and that NIRS can be used effectively to monitor muscle deoxygenation during a taper period.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Patrick Neary
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Donald C McKenzie
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, Allan McGavin Sports Medicine Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yagesh N Bhambhani
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Ferrari M, Mottola L, Quaresima V. Principles, techniques, and limitations of near infrared spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 29:463-87. [PMID: 15328595 DOI: 10.1139/h04-031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade the study of the human brain and muscle energetics underwent a radical change, thanks to the progressive introduction of noninvasive techniques, including near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (NIRS). This review summarizes the most recent literature about the principles, techniques, advantages, limitations, and applications of NIRS in exercise physiology and neuroscience. The main NIRS instrumentations and measurable parameters will be reported. NIR light (700-1000 m) penetrates superficial layers (skin, subcutaneous fat, skull, etc.) and is either absorbed by chromophores (oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin and myoglobin) or scattered within the tissue. NIRS is a noninvasive and relatively low-cost optical technique that is becoming a widely used instrument for measuring tissue O2 saturation, changes in hemoglobin volume and, indirectly, brain/muscle blood flow and muscle O2 consumption. Tissue O2 saturation represents a dynamic balance between O2 supply and O2 consumption in the small vessels such as the capillary, arteriolar, and venular bed. The possibility of measuring the cortical activation in response to different stimuli, and the changes in the cortical cytochrome oxidase redox state upon O2 delivery changes, will also be mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of L'Aquila, Italy
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