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Influence of different preceding exercises on fat metabolism during subsequent endurance exercise. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.19.04057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zurbuchen A, Lanzi S, Voirol L, Trindade CB, Gojanovic B, Kayser B, Bourdillon N, Chenevière X, Malatesta D. Fat Oxidation Kinetics Is Related to Muscle Deoxygenation Kinetics During Exercise. Front Physiol 2020; 11:571. [PMID: 32581846 PMCID: PMC7289152 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to determine whether whole-body fat oxidation and muscle deoxygenation kinetics parameters during exercise were related in individuals with different aerobic fitness levels. Methods Eleven cyclists [peak oxygen uptake (V.O2peak): 64.9 ± 3.9 mL⋅kg–1⋅min–1] and 11 active individuals (V.O2peak: 49.1 ± 7.4 mL⋅kg–1⋅min–1) performed a maximal incremental cycling test to determine V.O2peak and a submaximal incremental cycling test to assess whole-body fat oxidation using indirect calorimetry and muscle deoxygenation kinetics of the vastus lateralis (VL) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). A sinusoidal (SIN) model was used to characterize fat oxidation kinetics and to determine the intensity (Fatmax) eliciting maximal fat oxidation (MFO). The muscle deoxygenation response was fitted with a double linear model. The slope of the first parts of the kinetics (a1) and the breakpoint ([HHb]BP) were determined. Results MFO (p = 0.01) and absolute fat oxidation rates between 20 and 65% V.O2peak were higher in cyclists than in active participants (p < 0.05), while Fatmax occurred at a higher absolute exercise intensity (p = 0.01). a1 was lower in cyclists (p = 0.02) and [HHb]BP occurred at a higher absolute intensity (p < 0.001) than in active individuals. V.O2peak was strongly correlated with MFO, Fatmax, and [HHb]BP (r = 0.65–0.88, p ≤ 0.001). MFO and Fatmax were both correlated with [HHb]BP (r = 0.66, p = 0.01 and r = 0.68, p < 0.001, respectively) and tended to be negatively correlated with a1 (r = -0.41, p = 0.06 for both). Conclusion This study showed that whole-body fat oxidation and muscle deoxygenation kinetics were both related to aerobic fitness and that a relationship between the two kinetics exists. Individuals with greater aerobic fitness may have a delayed reliance on glycolytic metabolism at higher exercise intensities because of a longer maintained balance between O2 delivery and consumption supporting higher fat oxidation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouck Zurbuchen
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Lanzi
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Doctrine Selon Convention SSP-FBM, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Angiology, Heart and Vessel Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Voirol
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Doctrine Selon Convention SSP-FBM, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cybele Barboza Trindade
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Doctrine Selon Convention SSP-FBM, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Boris Gojanovic
- Sports Medicine Unit, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Department for Locomotion, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Doctrine Selon Convention SSP-FBM, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bourdillon
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Doctrine Selon Convention SSP-FBM, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Chenevière
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Davide Malatesta
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Doctrine Selon Convention SSP-FBM, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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de Carvalho MB, Brandao CFC, Fassini PG, Bianco TM, Batitucci G, Galan BSM, Carvalho FGD, Vieira TS, Ferriolli E, Marchini JS, da Silva ASR, de Freitas EC. Taurine Supplementation Increases Post-Exercise Lipid Oxidation at Moderate Intensity in Fasted Healthy Males. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051540. [PMID: 32466231 PMCID: PMC7285212 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the fact that taurine can increase lipid metabolism, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of acute taurine supplementation on lipid oxidation levels in healthy young men after a single bout of fasting aerobic exercise. A double-blind, acute, and crossover study design was conducted. Seventeen men (age 24.8 ± 4.07y; BMI: 23.9 ± 2.57 kg/m²) participated in the present study. Different doses of taurine (TAU) (3 g or 6 g) or placebo were supplemented 90 min before a single bout of fasting aerobic exercise (on a treadmill at 60% of VO2 max). The subjects performed three trials, and each one was separated by seven days. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after the exercise protocol of each test to analyze plasma levels of glycerol and taurine. Lipid and carbohydrate oxidation were determined immediately after exercise for 15 min by indirect calorimetry. We observed that TAU supplementation (6 g) increased lipid oxidation (38%) and reduced the respiratory coefficient (4%) when compared to the placebo (p < 0.05). However, no differences in lipid oxidation were observed between the different doses of taurine (3 g and 6 g). For glycerol concentrations, there were no differences between trials. Six grams of TAU supplementation 90 min before a single bout of aerobic exercise in a fasted state was sufficient to increase the lipid oxidation post-exercise in healthy young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Barbon de Carvalho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil; (M.B.d.C.); (G.B.); (B.S.M.G.); (T.S.V.)
| | - Camila Fernanda Cunha Brandao
- Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Minas Gerais, Divinopolis 35501-170, Brazil;
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (P.G.F.); (E.F.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Priscila Giacomo Fassini
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (P.G.F.); (E.F.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Thiago Mantello Bianco
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School. Department of Clinical Oncology, Stem Cells, and Cell Therapy. University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-907, Brazil;
| | - Gabriela Batitucci
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil; (M.B.d.C.); (G.B.); (B.S.M.G.); (T.S.V.)
| | - Bryan Steve Martinez Galan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil; (M.B.d.C.); (G.B.); (B.S.M.G.); (T.S.V.)
| | - Flávia Giolo De Carvalho
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-907, Brazil; (F.G.D.C.); (A.S.R.d.S.)
| | - Tales Sambrano Vieira
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil; (M.B.d.C.); (G.B.); (B.S.M.G.); (T.S.V.)
| | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (P.G.F.); (E.F.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Julio Sergio Marchini
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (P.G.F.); (E.F.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-907, Brazil; (F.G.D.C.); (A.S.R.d.S.)
| | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil; (M.B.d.C.); (G.B.); (B.S.M.G.); (T.S.V.)
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-907, Brazil; (F.G.D.C.); (A.S.R.d.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-0345
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Marquezi ML, Agostinho CFM, Lima FRD, Aparecido JML, Cascapera MS. SIX HIT TREADMILL SESSIONS IMPROVE LIPID OXIDATION AND VENTILATORY THRESHOLD INTENSITIES. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220192504169653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: High-intensity interval training (HIT) has been used as an alternative to cardiorespiratory training performed continuously at submaximal intensity and over long periods. Objectives: Propose a treadmill HIT protocol and verify the influence of six HIT sessions with this protocol on ventilatory anaerobic thresholds (VATs) and substrate oxidation pattern during submaximal continuous exercise (SCE). Methods: Fifteen sporadically active subjects underwent maximal progressive testing before and after six HIT treadmill running sessions to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak velocity (Vpeak), and VATs followed by SCE to determine lipid (LIPox) and carbohydrate (CHOox) oxidation rates. The HIT sessions consisted of eight sets of 60s at 100%Vpeak, interspersed with 75s of passive recovery between sets and a 48h interval between sessions. Results: Our results showed increases in VAT intensities of 4.4% for VAT1 and 8.8% for VAT2, a decrease of 12.8% in CHOox and an increase of 23.7% for LIPox; accordingly, the relative energy derived from LIPox was 20.3% higher after the training period. Vpeak was ~15 km/h, producing intensities corresponding to ~84%VO2peak and ~91%FCpeak over the training period. Conclusion: The proposed protocol produced adaptations and intensities which are similar to those described in the literature, but unlike others, it can be applied in sporadically active individuals. Level of Evidence II; Comparative prospective study.
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Connysson M, Muhonen S, Jansson A. Road transport and diet affect metabolic response to exercise in horses. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:4869-4879. [PMID: 29293735 PMCID: PMC6292253 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of transport and diet on metabolic response during a subsequent race-like test in Standardbred horses in training fed a forage-only diet and a 50:50 forage:oats diet. Six trained and raced Standardbred trotter mares were used. Two diets, 1 forage-only diet (FONLY) and 1 diet with 50% of DM intake from forage and 50% from oats (FOATS), were fed for two 29-d periods in a crossover design. At Day 21, the horses were subjected to transport for 100 km before and after they performed an exercise test (transport test [TT]). At Day 26, the horses performed a control test (CT), in which they were kept in their stall before and after the exercise test. Blood samples were collected throughout the study, and heart rate and water intake were recorded. Heart rate and plasma cortisol, glucose, and NEFA concentrations were greater for the TT than for the CT (P = 0.008, P = 0.020, P = 0.010, and P = 0.0002, respectively) but were not affected by diet. Plasma acetate concentration was lower during the TT than during the CT (P = 0.034) and greater for the FONLY than for the FOATS (P = 0.003). There were no overall effects of the TT compared with the CT on total plasma protein concentration (TPP), but TPP was lower with the FONLY than with the FOATS (P = 0.016). There was no overall effect of the TT compared with the CT on water intake, but water intake was greater with the FONLY than the FOATS (P = 0.011). There were no overall effects of transport or diet on BW, plasma lactate, or plasma urea concentration. It was concluded that both transport and diet affect metabolic response during exercise in horses. Aerobic energy supply was most likely elevated by transportation and by the FONLY. The FONLY also decreased exercise-induced effects on extracellular fluid regulation. These results highlight the importance of experimental design in nutrition studies. If the aim is to examine how a diet affects exercise response in competition horses, transport should preferably be included in the experimental design, because horses are likely to be transported before a competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Connysson
- Wången National Center for Education in Trotting, Vången 110, S-835 93 Alsen, Sweden
- Corresponding author:
| | - S. Muhonen
- Hästforsk, Sörsvedje 120, S-893 91 Bjästa, Sweden
| | - A. Jansson
- Dept. of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Andersson Hall U, Edin F, Pedersen A, Madsen K. Whole-body fat oxidation increases more by prior exercise than overnight fasting in elite endurance athletes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 41:430-7. [PMID: 26988766 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare whole-body fat oxidation kinetics after prior exercise with overnight fasting in elite endurance athletes. Thirteen highly trained athletes (9 men and 4 women; maximal oxygen uptake: 66 ± 1 mL·min(-1)·kg(-1)) performed 3 identical submaximal incremental tests on a cycle ergometer using a cross-over design. A control test (CON) was performed 3 h after a standardized breakfast, a fasting test (FAST) 12 h after a standardized evening meal, and a postexercise test (EXER) after standardized breakfast, endurance exercise, and 2 h fasting recovery. The test consisted of 3 min each at 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% of maximal oxygen uptake and fat oxidation rates were measured through indirect calorimetry. During CON, maximal fat oxidation rate was 0.51 ± 0.04 g·min(-1) compared with 0.69 ± 0.04 g·min(-1) in FAST (P < 0.01), and 0.89 ± 0.05 g·min(-1) in EXER (P < 0.01). Across all intensities, EXER was significantly higher than FAST and FAST was higher than CON (P < 0.01). Blood insulin levels were lower and free fatty acid and cortisol levels were higher at the start of EXER compared with CON and FAST (P < 0.05). Plasma nuclear magnetic resonance-metabolomics showed similar changes in both EXER and FAST, including increased levels of fatty acids and succinate. In conclusion, prior exercise significantly increases whole-body fat oxidation during submaximal exercise compared with overnight fasting. Already high rates of maximal fat oxidation in elite endurance athletes were increased by approximately 75% after prior exercise and fasting recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson Hall
- a Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 300, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.,b Department of Public Health, Section for Sport, Arhus University, Dalgas Avenue 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Edin
- a Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 300, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Pedersen
- c Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 465, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Klavs Madsen
- a Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 300, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.,b Department of Public Health, Section for Sport, Arhus University, Dalgas Avenue 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Suk MH, Moon YJ, Park SW, Park CY, Shin YA. Maximal Fat Oxidation Rate during Exercise in Korean Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2015; 39:328-34. [PMID: 26301195 PMCID: PMC4543197 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2015.39.4.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate exercise intensity associated with maximum fat oxidation, improvement of body composition, and metabolic status in Korean women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS The study included a T2DM group (12 women) and a control group (12 women). The groups were matched in age and body mass index. The subjects performed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer to measure their maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax). We also measured their body composition, metabolic profiles, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). RESULTS The exercise intensity for Fatmax was significantly lower in the T2DM group (34.19% maximal oxygen uptake [VO2 max]) than the control group (51.80% VO2 max). Additionally, the rate of fat oxidation during exercise (P<0.05) and mtDNA (P<0.05) were significantly lower in the T2DM group than the control group. The VO2 max level (P<0.001) and the insulin level (P<0.05) were positively correlated with the rate of fat oxidation. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest lower exercise intensity that achieves Fatmax is recommended for improving fat oxidation and enhancing fitness levels in Korean women with T2DM. Our data could be useful when considering an exercise regimen to improve health and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hwa Suk
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Science, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yeo-Jin Moon
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun A Shin
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Science, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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Croci I, Hickman IJ, Wood RE, Borrani F, Macdonald GA, Byrne NM. Fat oxidation over a range of exercise intensities: fitness versus fatness. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:1352-9. [PMID: 25356842 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maximal fat oxidation (MFO), as well as the exercise intensity at which it occurs (Fatmax), have been reported as lower in sedentary overweight individuals but have not been studied in trained overweight individuals. The aim of this study was to compare Fatmax and MFO in lean and overweight recreationally trained males matched for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and to study the relationships between these variables, anthropometric characteristics, and CRF. Twelve recreationally trained overweight (high fatness (HiFat) group, 30.0% ± 5.3% body fat) and 12 lean males (low fatness (LoFat), 17.2% ± 5.7% body fat) matched for CRF (maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) 39.0 ± 5.5 vs. 41.4 ± 7.6 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1), p = 0.31) and age (p = 0.93) performed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer. V̇O2max and fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates were determined using indirect calorimetry; Fatmax and MFO were determined with a mathematical model (SIN); and % body fat was assessed by air displacement plethysmography. MFO (0.38 ± 0.19 vs. 0.42 ± 0.16 g·min(-1), p = 0.58), Fatmax (46.7% ± 8.6% vs. 45.4% ± 7.2% V̇O2max, p = 0.71), and fat oxidation rates over a wide range of exercise intensities were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between HiFat and LoFat groups. In the overall cohort (n = 24), MFO and Fatmax were correlated with V̇O2max (r = 0.46, p = 0.02; r = 0.61, p = 0.002) but not with % body fat or body mass index (p > 0.05). Fat oxidation during exercise was similar in recreationally trained overweight and lean males matched for CRF. Consistently, substrate oxidation rates during exercise were not related to adiposity (% body fat) but were related to CRF. The benefits of high CRF independent of body weight and % body fat should be further highlighted in the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Croci
- a The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
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