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A First Glimpse on Cold-Adapted PCB-Oxidizing Bacteria in Edmonson Point Lakes (Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica). WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antarctic freshwater ecosystems are especially vulnerable to human impacts. Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that have a long lifetime in the environment. Despite their use having either been phased out or restricted, they are still found in nature, also in remote areas. Once in the environment, the fate of PCBs is strictly linked to bacteria which represent the first step in the transfer of toxic compounds to higher trophic levels. Data on PCB-oxidizing bacteria from polar areas are still scarce and fragmented. In this study, the occurrence of PCB-oxidizing cold-adapted bacteria was evaluated in water and sediment of four coastal lakes at Edmonson Point (Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica). After enrichment with biphenyl, 192 isolates were obtained with 57 of them that were able to grow in the presence of the PCB mixture Aroclor 1242, as the sole carbon source. The catabolic gene bphA, as a proxy for PCB degradation potential, was harbored by 37 isolates (out of 57), mainly affiliated to the genera Salinibacterium, Arthrobacter (among Actinobacteria) and Pusillimonas (among Betaproteobacteria). Obtained results enlarge our current knowledge on cold-adapted PCB-oxidizing bacteria and pose the basis for their potential application as a valuable eco-friendly tool for the recovery of PCB-contaminated cold sites.
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Jing R, Fusi S, Chan A, Capozzi S, Kjellerup BV. Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in effluent from a large municipal wastewater treatment plant: Potential for bioremediation? J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 78:42-52. [PMID: 30665655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study involved an evaluation of the potential for bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the effluent from a large municipal wastewater treatment plant. It was focused on the presence of PCBs in two types of effluents: the continuous effluent present during dry weather conditions and the intermittently present effluent that was present during wet weather due to incoming stormwater. The annual discharge of PCBs for both types of effluent was calculated based on a five-year dataset (2011-2015). In addition, the toxicity and bioremediation potential of the PCBs in the effluent were also assessed. It was found that the continuous effluent was responsible for the majority of the discharged PCB into the receiving river (1821 g for five years), while the intermittent effluent contributed 260 g over the five years. The average number of chlorine per biphenyl for the detected PCB congeners showed a 19% difference between the two types of effluent, which indicated a potential for organohalide respiration of PCBs during the continuous treatment. This was further supported by a high level of tri-, tetra- and penta-chlorinated congeners accounting for 75% of the anaerobically respired PCBs. Potential for aerobic degradation and thus biomineralization of PCBs was identified for both effluents. Furthermore, toxicity of 12 dioxin-like PCBs showed that normal operation of the wastewater reduced the toxicity throughout the wastewater treatment plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Jing
- University of Maryland at College Park, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Soliver Fusi
- University of Maryland at College Park, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alisha Chan
- University of Maryland at College Park, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Staci Capozzi
- University of Maryland at College Park, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Birthe V Kjellerup
- University of Maryland at College Park, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Sharma JK, Gautam RK, Nanekar SV, Weber R, Singh BK, Singh SK, Juwarkar AA. Advances and perspective in bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:16355-16375. [PMID: 28488147 PMCID: PMC6360087 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microbial degradation and bioremediation approaches of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been studied extensively considering their toxicity, carcinogenicity and persistency potential in the environment. In this direction, different catabolic enzymes have been identified and reported for biodegradation of different PCB congeners along with optimization of biological processes. A genome analysis of PCB-degrading bacteria has led in an improved understanding of their metabolic potential and adaptation to stressful conditions. However, many stones in this area are left unturned. For example, the role and diversity of uncultivable microbes in PCB degradation are still not fully understood. Improved knowledge and understanding on this front will open up new avenues for improved bioremediation technologies which will bring economic, environmental and societal benefits. This article highlights on recent advances in bioremediation of PCBs in soil. It is demonstrated that bioremediation is the most effective and innovative technology which includes biostimulation, bioaugmentation, phytoremediation and rhizoremediation and acts as a model solution for pollution abatement. More recently, transgenic plants and genetically modified microorganisms have proved to be revolutionary in the bioremediation of PCBs. Additionally, other important aspects such as pretreatment using chemical/physical agents for enhanced biodegradation are also addressed. Efforts have been made to identify challenges, research gaps and necessary approaches which in future, can be harnessed for successful use of bioremediation under field conditions. Emphases have been given on the quality/efficiency of bioremediation technology and its related cost which determines its ultimate acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra K Sharma
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Ravindra K Gautam
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
- Environmental Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Sneha V Nanekar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Roland Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Göppingen, Germany
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sidney, Sidney, Australia
| | - Sanjeev K Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Asha A Juwarkar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India.
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Lehtinen T, Mikkonen A, Sigfusson B, Ólafsdóttir K, Ragnarsdóttir KV, Guicharnaud R. Bioremediation trial on aged PCB-polluted soils--a bench study in Iceland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:1759-1768. [PMID: 23979849 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) pose a threat to the environment due to their high adsorption capacity to soil organic matter, stability and low reactivity, low water solubility, toxicity and ability to bioaccumulate. With Icelandic soils, research on contamination issues has been very limited and no data has been reported either on PCB degradation potential or rate. The goals of this research were to assess the bioavailability of aged PCBs in the soils of the old North Atlantic Treaty Organization facility in Keflavík, Iceland and to find the best biostimulation method to decrease the pollution. The effectiveness of different biostimulation additives (N fertiliser, white clover and pine needles) at different temperatures (10 and 30 °C) and oxygen levels (aerobic and anaerobic) were tested. PCB bioavailability to soil fauna was assessed with earthworms (Eisenia foetida). PCBs were bioavailable to earthworms (bioaccumulation factor 0.89 and 0.82 for earthworms in 12.5 ppm PCB soil and in 25 ppm PCB soil, respectively), with less chlorinated congeners showing higher bioaccumulation factors than highly chlorinated congeners. Biostimulation with pine needles at 10 °C under aerobic conditions resulted in nearly 38 % degradation of total PCBs after 2 months of incubation. Detection of the aerobic PCB degrading bphA gene supports the indigenous capability of the soils to aerobically degrade PCBs. Further research on field scale biostimulation trials with pine needles in cold environments is recommended in order to optimise the method for onsite remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru Lehtinen
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, 311, Borgarnes, Iceland.
| | - Anu Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kristín Ólafsdóttir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, 107, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Rannveig Guicharnaud
- Department of Land Resources, Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, 311, Borgarnes, Iceland
- Land Resource Management Unit, Soil Action, Institute for Environment & Sustainability (IES), European Commission-DG JRC, Via E. Fermi, 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
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Lambo AJ, Patel TR. Biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls in Aroclor 1232 and production of metabolites from 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl at low temperature by psychrotolerant Hydrogenophaga sp. strain IA3-A. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 102:1318-29. [PMID: 17448167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the extent and pattern of degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Aroclor 1232 at 5 degrees C by a psychrotolerant bacterium, and to confirm the formation of intermediates of PCB metabolism at low temperature using 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl (2,4,4'-TCB). METHODS AND RESULTS 10 ppm of Aroclor 1232 or 100 micromol l(-1) 2,4,4'-TCB was incubated with biphenyl-grown cells at 5 degrees C or 30 degrees C for 48 or 72 h. Degradation of PCBs and the products of metabolism of 2,4,4'-TCB were confirmed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Extents of degradation of many of the PCBs were similar at 5 degrees C and 30 degrees C. The extent of biodegradation of PCBs in Aroclor 1232 at 5 degrees C was dependent on chlorination pattern. The 14 chlorine-containing intermediates of 2,4,4'-TCB metabolism, which were detected, include several isomers of dihydrodiols, dihydroxy compounds and meta-cleavage compounds. CONCLUSIONS The bacterium will be useful for bioremediation of PCB-contaminated sites in cold climates; however, knowledge of the products of PCB metabolism is necessary, as they could be more toxic than the parent compounds. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Substantial degradation of some PCBs in Aroclor 1232 was demonstrated at low temperature within 48 h. The detection of several isomeric intermediates suggests that multiple pathways are used to transform PCBs in this strain. For the first time, formation of metabolic products from 2,4,4'-TCB at low temperature is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Lambo
- Department of Biology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NF, Canada.
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Vasilyeva GK, Strijakova ER. Bioremediation of soils and sediments contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls. Microbiology (Reading) 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s002626170706001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Fagervold SK, May HD, Sowers KR. Microbial reductive dechlorination of aroclor 1260 in Baltimore harbor sediment microcosms is catalyzed by three phylotypes within the phylum Chloroflexi. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:3009-18. [PMID: 17351091 PMCID: PMC1892865 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02958-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific dechlorination pathways for Aroclor 1260 were determined in Baltimore Harbor sediment microcosms developed with the 11 most predominant congeners from this commercial mixture and their resulting dechlorination intermediates. Most of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were dechlorinated in the meta position, and the major products were tetrachlorobiphenyls with unflanked chlorines. Using PCR primers specific for the 16S rRNA genes of known PCB-dehalogenating bacteria, we detected three phylotypes within the microbial community that had the capability to dechlorinate PCB congeners present in Aroclor 1260 and identified their selective activities. Phylotype DEH10, which has a high level of sequence identity to Dehalococcoides spp., removed the double-flanked chlorine in 234-substituted congeners and exhibited a preference for para-flanked meta-chlorines when no double-flanked chlorines were available. Phylotype SF1 had similarity to the o-17/DF-1 group of PCB-dechlorinating bacteria. Phylotype SF1 dechlorinated all of the 2345-substituted congeners, mostly in the double-flanked meta position and 2356-, 236-, and 235-substituted congeners in the ortho-flanked meta position, with a few exceptions. A phylotype with 100% sequence identity to PCB-dechlorinating bacterium o-17 was responsible for an ortho and a double-flanked meta dechlorination reaction. Most of the dechlorination pathways supported the growth of all three phylotypes based on competitive PCR enumeration assays, which indicates that PCB-impacted environments have the potential to sustain populations of these PCB-dechlorinating microorganisms. The results demonstrate that the variation in dechlorination patterns of congener mixtures typically observed at different PCB impacted sites can potentially be mediated by the synergistic activities of relatively few dechlorinating species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja K Fagervold
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 E. Pratt St., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
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