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Buszewski B, Błońska D, Kłodzińska E, Konop M, Kubesová A, Šalplachta J. Determination of Pathogens by Electrophoretic and Spectrometric Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37326587 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2219748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In modern medical diagnostics, where analytical chemistry plays a key role, fast and accurate identification of pathogens is becoming increasingly important. Infectious diseases pose a growing threat to public health due to population growth, international air travel, bacterial resistance to antibiotics, and other factors. For instance, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in patient samples is a key tool to monitor the spread of the disease. While there are several techniques for identifying pathogens by their genetic code, most of these methods are too expensive or slow to effectively analyze clinical and environmental samples that may contain hundreds or even thousands of different microbes. Standard approaches (e.g., culture media and biochemical assays) are known to be very time- and labor-intensive. The purpose of this review paper is to highlight the problems associated with the analysis and identification of pathogens that cause many serious infections. Special attention was paid to the description of mechanisms and the explanation of the phenomena and processes occurring on the surface of pathogens as biocolloids (charge distribution). This review also highlights the importance of electromigration techniques and demonstrates their potential for pathogen pre-separation and fractionation and demonstrates the use of spectrometric methods, such as MALDI-TOF MS, for their detection and identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusław Buszewski
- Prof. Jan Czochralski Kuyavian-Pomeranian Research & Development Centre, Torun, Poland
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Torun, Poland
| | - Dominika Błońska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Torun, Poland
| | - Ewa Kłodzińska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Konop
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kubesová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šalplachta
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
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Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Legionella Pneumonia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020280. [PMID: 36673091 PMCID: PMC9858276 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumonia is a relatively rare but extremely progressive pulmonary infection with high mortality. Traditional cultural isolation remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of Legionella pneumonia. However, its harsh culture conditions, long turnaround time, and suboptimal sensitivity do not meet the clinical need for rapid and accurate diagnosis, especially for critically ill patients. So far, pathogenic detection techniques including serological assays, urinary antigen tests, and mass spectrometry, as well as nucleic acid amplification technique, have been developed, and each has its own advantages and limitations. This review summarizes the clinical characteristics and imaging findings of Legionella pneumonia, then discusses the advances, advantages, and limitations of the various pathogenetic detection techniques used for Legionella pneumonia diagnosis. The aim is to provide rapid and accurate guiding options for early identification and diagnosis of Legionella pneumonia in clinical practice, further easing healthcare burden.
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Iliadi V, Staykova J, Iliadis S, Konstantinidou I, Sivykh P, Romanidou G, Vardikov DF, Cassimos D, Konstantinidis TG. Legionella pneumophila: The Journey from the Environment to the Blood. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206126. [PMID: 36294446 PMCID: PMC9605555 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of a potentially fatal form of pneumonia in 1976 and in the annual convention of the American Legion was the first time that Legionella spp. was identified. Thereafter, the term Legionnaires’ disease (LD) was established. The infection in humans is transmitted by the inhalation of aerosols that contain the microorganisms that belong to the Legionellaceae family and the genus Legionella. The genus Legionella contains genetically heterogeneous species and serogroups. The Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (Lp1) is the most often detected strain in outbreaks of LD. The pathogenesis of LD infection initiates with the attachment of the bacterial cells to the host cells, and subsequent intracellular replication. Following invasion, Legionella spp. activates its virulence mechanisms: generation of specific compartments of Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV), and expression of genes that encode a type IV secretion system (T4SS) for the translocation of proteins. The ability of L. pneumophila to transmigrate across the lung’s epithelium barrier leads to bacteremia, spread, and invasion of many organs with subsequent manifestations, complications, and septic shock. The clinical manifestations of LD depend on the bacterial load in the aerosol, the virulence factors, and the immune status of the patient. The infection has two distinct forms: the non- pneumatic form or Pontiac fever, which is a milder febrile flu-like illness, and LD, a more severe form, which includes pneumonia. In addition, the extrapulmonary involvement of LD can include heart, brain, abdomen, and joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Iliadi
- Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Kommunarov Street 281, 426034 Izhevsk, Russia
| | - Jeni Staykova
- Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Sofia, Byalo More Str. 8, 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sergios Iliadis
- Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Kommunarov Street 281, 426034 Izhevsk, Russia
| | | | - Polina Sivykh
- State Budgetary Health City Polyclinic No 2 (GBUZ GB2) of Krasnodar, Seleznev Street 4/10, 350059 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Gioulia Romanidou
- Nephrology Department, General Hospital “Sismanogleio”, 69100 Komotini, Greece
| | - Daniil F. Vardikov
- Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tkachey Str. 70-16, 192029 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dimitrios Cassimos
- Pediatric Department, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Theocharis G. Konstantinidis
- Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2551-352005
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Sogawa K, Ishizaki N, Ishige T, Murata S, Taniguchi T, Furuhata K. Evaluation of Serotyping of Environmental and Clinical Isolates of Legionella pneumophila using MALDI-TOF MS. Biocontrol Sci 2022; 27:81-86. [PMID: 35753796 DOI: 10.4265/bio.27.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) is responsible for most Legionnaire's disease cases diagnosed worldwide. The species includes 16 serogroups, but most Legionnaire's disease cases (85.7% in Europe, 87.0% in Japan) are caused by L. pneumophila serogroup 1. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) can be used to identify the L. pneumophila serogroup. In this study, we compared three sample preparation methods that are compatible with MALDI-TOF MS: the direct colony transfer method (DCTM), on-target extraction method (OTEM), and in-tube extraction method (ITEM). The aim was to improve the low identification rates for L. pneumophila, and establish and validate a simple, rapid and robust MALDI-TOF MS-based method for routine use in microbiological laboratories for assignment of L. pneumophila isolates to serogroups and identification of reliable peak biomarkers. Using ITEM, 100.0% (29/29) of hot spring water samples and clinical isolates were correctly identified at the species level. Augmented reference spectra correctly identified all 29 strains at the species level and 29 isolates at the serogroup level, displaying sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 100.0% for serogroup assignment. MALDI-TOF MS is a relatively inexpensive method for assignment of L. pneumophila serogroups that can serve as a first-line tool for rapid prospective typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Sogawa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University
| | - Naoto Ishizaki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University
| | - Takayuki Ishige
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chiba University Hospital
| | - Syota Murata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chiba University Hospital
| | | | - Katsunori Furuhata
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University
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Tata A, Marzoli F, Massaro A, Passabì E, Bragolusi M, Negro A, Cristaudo I, Piro R, Belluco S. Assessing direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry for the identification and serotyping of Legionella pneumophila. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1479-1488. [PMID: 34543502 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The efficacy of ambient mass spectrometry to identify and serotype Legionella pneumophila was assessed. To this aim, isolated waterborne colonies were submitted to a rapid extraction method and analysed by direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS). METHODS AND RESULTS The DART-HRMS profiles, coupled with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), were first evaluated for their ability to differentiate Legionella spp. from other bacteria. The resultant classification model achieved an accuracy of 98.1% on validation. Capitalising on these encouraging results, DART-HRMS profiling was explored as an alternative approach for the identification of L. pneumophila sg. 1, L. pneumophila sg. 2-15 and L. non-pneumophila; therefore, a different PLS-DA classifier was built. When tested on a validation set, this second classifier reached an overall accuracy of 95.93%. It identified the harmful L. pneumophila sg. 1 with an impressive specificity (100%) and slightly lower sensitivity (91.7%), and similar performances were reached in the classification of L. pneumophila sg. 2-15 and L. non-pneumophila. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show the DART-HMRS method has good accuracy, and it is an effective method for Legionella serogroup profiling. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These preliminary findings could open a new avenue for the rapid identification and quick epidemiologic tracing of L. pneumophila, with a consequent improvement to risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tata
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Filippo Marzoli
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Massaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Eleonora Passabì
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marco Bragolusi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Negro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cristaudo
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Roberto Piro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Simone Belluco
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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Pascale MR, Mazzotta M, Salaris S, Girolamini L, Grottola A, Simone ML, Cordovana M, Bisognin F, Dal Monte P, Bucci Sabattini MA, Viggiani M, Cristino S. Evaluation of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry in Diagnostic and Environmental Surveillance of Legionella Species: A Comparison With Culture and Mip-Gene Sequencing Technique. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:589369. [PMID: 33384668 PMCID: PMC7771186 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.589369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella spp. are widespread bacteria in aquatic environments with a growing impact on human health. Between the 61 species, Legionella pneumophila is the most prevalent in human diseases; on the contrary, Legionella non-pneumophila species are less detected in clinical diagnosis or during environmental surveillance due to their slow growth in culture and the absence of specific and rapid diagnostic/analytical tools. Reliable and rapid isolate identification is essential to estimate the source of infection, to undertake containment measures, and to determine clinical treatment. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOF MS), since its introduction into the routine diagnostics of laboratories, represents a widely accepted method for the identification of different bacteria species, described in a few studies on the Legionella clinical and environmental surveillance. The focus of this study was the improvement of MALDI–TOF MS on Legionella non-pneumophila species collected during Legionella nosocomial and community surveillance. Comparative analysis with cultural and mip-gene sequencing results was performed. Moreover, a phylogenetic analysis was carried out to estimate the correlations amongst isolates. MALDI–TOF MS achieved correct species-level identification for 45.0% of the isolates belonging to the Legionella anisa, Legionella rubrilucens, Legionella feeleii, and Legionella jordanis species, displaying a high concordance with the mip-gene sequencing results. In contrast, less reliable identification was found for the remaining 55.0% of the isolates, corresponding to the samples belonging to species not yet included in the database. The phylogenetic analysis showed relevant differences inside the species, regruped in three main clades; among the Legionella anisa clade, a subclade with a divergence of 3.3% from the main clade was observed. Moreover, one isolate, identified as Legionella quinlivanii, displayed a divergence of 3.8% from the corresponding reference strain. However, these findings require supplementary investigation. The results encourage the implementation of MALDI–TOF MS in routine diagnostics and environmental Legionella surveillance, as it displays a reliable and faster identification at the species level, as well as the potential to identify species that are not yet included in the database. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis is a relevant approach to correlate the isolates and to track their spread, especially in unconventional reservoirs, where Legionella prevention is still underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Pascale
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Mazzotta
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvano Salaris
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luna Girolamini
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Grottola
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis of Legionellosis, Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Simone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Miriam Cordovana
- Microbiology Unit-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Bisognin
- Microbiology Unit-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Dal Monte
- Microbiology Unit-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Sandra Cristino
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10040036. [PMID: 32294961 PMCID: PMC7236604 DOI: 10.3390/bios10040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More than 783 million people worldwide are currently without access to clean and safe water. Approximately 1 in 5 cases of mortality due to waterborne diseases involve children, and over 1.5 million cases of waterborne disease occur every year. In the developing world, this makes waterborne diseases the second highest cause of mortality. Such cases of waterborne disease are thought to be caused by poor sanitation, water infrastructure, public knowledge, and lack of suitable water monitoring systems. Conventional laboratory-based techniques are inadequate for effective on-site water quality monitoring purposes. This is due to their need for excessive equipment, operational complexity, lack of affordability, and long sample collection to data analysis times. In this review, we discuss the conventional techniques used in modern-day water quality testing. We discuss the future challenges of water quality testing in the developing world and how conventional techniques fall short of these challenges. Finally, we discuss the development of electrochemical biosensors and current research on the integration of these devices with microfluidic components to develop truly integrated, portable, simple to use and cost-effective devices for use by local environmental agencies, NGOs, and local communities in low-resource settings.
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Zheng ML, Li LH, Liu B, Lin YB, Zhang XT, Chen C, Qu PH, Zeng J. Haemophilus seminalis sp. nov., isolated from human semen. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:2588-2595. [PMID: 32163029 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Haemophilus-like isolates with similar biochemical characteristics, designated strains SZY H1T and SZY H2, were isolated from human semen specimens. Cells were Gram-negative, non-motile, non-acid-fast, pleomorphic rods or coccobacilli. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and/or C14 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 1 ω6c and/or C16 : 1 ω7c. The polar lipids were determined to be phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified polar lipids and four unidentified aminolipids. The major polyamine was found to be cadaverine. The near-full-length (1462 nt) 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis showed the two isolates were nearly identical (>99.8 %), and closely matched Haemophilus haemolyticus ATCC 33390T with 98.9-99.1 % sequence similarities. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and concatenation of 30 protein markers also revealed that the isolates clustered together with H. haemolyticus ATCC 33390T, and formed a distinct lineage well separated from the other members of the genus Haemophilus. Further, the average nucleotide identity values between the two isolates and their related species were below the established cut-off values for species delineation (95 %). Based on these findings, the two isolates are considered to represent a new species of the genus Haemophilus, for which name Haemophilus seminalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SZY H1T (=NBRC 113782T=CGMCC 1.17137T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ling Zheng
- The Second Clinic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Liang-Hui Li
- The Second Clinic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Yu-Bo Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuchuan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuchuan 524500, PR China
| | - Xiao-Tuan Zhang
- The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Cha Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.,The Second Clinic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ping-Hua Qu
- The Second Clinic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jian Zeng
- The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
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9
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Wu HY, Yan H, Zheng ML, Sun MM, Wang Q, Hu CM, Zhan XY, Yuan MG, Qu PH, Hu CH. Legionella qingyii sp. nov., isolated from water samples in China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:2017-2022. [PMID: 31063123 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three Legionella-like strains, designed km488T, km489 and km521, were isolated from freshwater samples in China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming. Growth was observed on BCYEα agar, but not on BCYEα agar without l-cysteine, chocolate agar with PolyViteX or Columbia blood agar. The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strains km488T, km489 and km521 were C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The mip gene sequences (574 nt) showed the isolates were almost identical with more than 99.7 % sequence similarities, and closely matched to L. gormanii ATCC 33297T with 95.4-95.6 % sequence similarities. Phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated gene (16S rRNA, mip, rpoB and rnpB) sequences indicated that the isolates formed a distinct cluster along with L. gormanii within the genus Legionella. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight analyses also demonstrated a clear separation between the isolates and other closely and distantly related Legionella species. DNA-DNA hybridization studies demonstrated that the isolates were closely related (92.0 -95.0 % DNA-DNA relatedness) but differentiated from their phylogenetic neighbours (<70 % DNA-DNA relatedness). The whole genome of km488T was sequenced, and showed a G+C content of 37.8 mol%. Based on the findings from this polyphasic taxonomic study, the isolates are considered to represent a single novel species, for which the name Legionella qingyii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is km488T (KCTC 15636T=CCTCC AB 2018025T=NRBC 113223T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wu
- 1School of KingMed Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510330, PR China
| | - Hui Yan
- 2Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510330, PR China
| | - Min-Ling Zheng
- 3Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, PR China
| | - Ming-Ming Sun
- 2Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510330, PR China
| | - Qun Wang
- 2Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510330, PR China
| | - Chang-Ming Hu
- 2Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510330, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yong Zhan
- 2Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510330, PR China
| | - Mu-Ge Yuan
- 1School of KingMed Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510330, PR China
| | - Ping-Hua Qu
- 3Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, PR China
| | - Chao-Hui Hu
- 2Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510330, PR China.,1School of KingMed Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510330, PR China
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Franco-Garcia A, Varughese TA, Lee YJ, Papanicolaou G, Rosenblum MK, Hollmann TJ, Koehne G, Boulad F, Babady NE, Tang YW, Seo SK. Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Legionellosis in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients by Direct 16S Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid Sequencing and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017; 4:ofx140. [PMID: 28852679 PMCID: PMC5570015 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying extrapulmonary legionellosis is difficult due to the lack of clinical suspicion and limitations of conventional microbiologic methods. We present a case series of hematopoietic cell transplant recipients with extrapulmonary legionellosis diagnosed via molecular diagnostics: 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene Sanger sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yeon Joo Lee
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Guenther Koehne
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine
| | - Farid Boulad
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - N Esther Babady
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yi-Wei Tang
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Susan K Seo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine
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11
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Sandalakis V, Goniotakis I, Vranakis I, Chochlakis D, Psaroulaki A. Use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in the battle against bacterial infectious diseases: recent achievements and future perspectives. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:253-267. [PMID: 28092721 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1282825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advancements in microbial identification occur increasingly faster as more laboratories explore, refine and extend the use of mass spectrometry in the field of microbiology. Areas covered: This review covers the latest knowledge found in the literature for quick identification of various classes of bacterial pathogens known to cause human infection by the use of MALDI-TOF MS technology. Except for identification of bacterial strains, more researchers try to 'battle time' in favor of the patient. These novel approaches to identify bacteria directly from clinical samples and even determine antibiotic resistance are extensively revised and discussed. Expert commentary: Mass spectrometry is the future of bacterial identification and creates a new era in modern microbiology. Its incorporation in routine practice seems to be not too far, providing a valuable alternative, especially in terms of time, to conventional techniques. If the technology further advances, quick bacterial identification and probable identification of common antibiotic resistance might guide patient decision-making regarding bacterial infectious diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Sandalakis
- a Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Ioannis Goniotakis
- a Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Iosif Vranakis
- a Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Chochlakis
- a Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Anna Psaroulaki
- a Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
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12
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Dilger T, Melzl H, Gessner A. Rapid and reliable identification of waterborne Legionella species by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 127:154-159. [PMID: 27260989 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Detection and enumeration of Legionella bacteria in drinking water is regulated in Germany by ISO 11731-2. The mandatory method for species identification employs parallel subculturing of suspicious colonies on selective media requiring the handling of a large number of cultivation plates. After changes to the drinking water quality regulation in Germany in 2012 the demand for Legionella contamination testing increased drastically. A more reliable, faster and less laborious method for species identification is therefore desirable. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization followed by time of flight detection mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) promises an accelerated identification of bacteria with high reliability and reduced expenditure. Our study shows that MS-based species identification results are in full concordance with cultural and biochemical detection and differentiation and that valuable additional information can be gained, even though the ISO regulation demands an extended incubation period for primary bacterial cultures that is actually in contrast to the prerequisites of the MALDI Biotyper system. In addition, the established identification algorithm is very economical and improves time-to-result. Based on our findings, the amendment of MALID-TOF MS identification to ISO11731-2 as an alternative identification method should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holger Melzl
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - André Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
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Singhal N, Kumar M, Kanaujia PK, Virdi JS. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: an emerging technology for microbial identification and diagnosis. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:791. [PMID: 26300860 PMCID: PMC4525378 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 778] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently microorganisms are best identified using 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequencing. However, in recent years matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a potential tool for microbial identification and diagnosis. During the MALDI-TOF MS process, microbes are identified using either intact cells or cell extracts. The process is rapid, sensitive, and economical in terms of both labor and costs involved. The technology has been readily imbibed by microbiologists who have reported usage of MALDI-TOF MS for a number of purposes like, microbial identification and strain typing, epidemiological studies, detection of biological warfare agents, detection of water- and food-borne pathogens, detection of antibiotic resistance and detection of blood and urinary tract pathogens etc. The limitation of the technology is that identification of new isolates is possible only if the spectral database contains peptide mass fingerprints of the type strains of specific genera/species/subspecies/strains. This review provides an overview of the status and recent applications of mass spectrometry for microbial identification. It also explores the usefulness of this exciting new technology for diagnosis of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelja Singhal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan K Kanaujia
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi New Delhi, India
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Mercante JW, Winchell JM. Current and emerging Legionella diagnostics for laboratory and outbreak investigations. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28:95-133. [PMID: 25567224 PMCID: PMC4284297 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00029-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionnaires' disease (LD) is an often severe and potentially fatal form of bacterial pneumonia caused by an extensive list of Legionella species. These ubiquitous freshwater and soil inhabitants cause human respiratory disease when amplified in man-made water or cooling systems and their aerosols expose a susceptible population. Treatment of sporadic cases and rapid control of LD outbreaks benefit from swift diagnosis in concert with discriminatory bacterial typing for immediate epidemiological responses. Traditional culture and serology were instrumental in describing disease incidence early in its history; currently, diagnosis of LD relies almost solely on the urinary antigen test, which captures only the dominant species and serogroup, Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (Lp1). This has created a diagnostic "blind spot" for LD caused by non-Lp1 strains. This review focuses on historic, current, and emerging technologies that hold promise for increasing LD diagnostic efficiency and detection rates as part of a coherent testing regimen. The importance of cooperation between epidemiologists and laboratorians for a rapid outbreak response is also illustrated in field investigations conducted by the CDC with state and local authorities. Finally, challenges facing health care professionals, building managers, and the public health community in combating LD are highlighted, and potential solutions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Mercante
- Pneumonia Response and Surveillance Laboratory, Respiratory Diseases Branch, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jonas M Winchell
- Pneumonia Response and Surveillance Laboratory, Respiratory Diseases Branch, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Jeong YS, Choi S, Chong E, Kim J, Kim SJ. Rapid detection of Bacillus
spore aerosol particles by direct in situ
analysis using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 59:177-83. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-S. Jeong
- CBR Defense Directorate; Agency for Defense Development (ADD); Daejeon Korea
| | - S. Choi
- CBR Defense Directorate; Agency for Defense Development (ADD); Daejeon Korea
| | - E. Chong
- CBR Defense Directorate; Agency for Defense Development (ADD); Daejeon Korea
| | - J.H. Kim
- CBR Defense Directorate; Agency for Defense Development (ADD); Daejeon Korea
| | - S.-J. Kim
- CBR Defense Directorate; Agency for Defense Development (ADD); Daejeon Korea
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Jeong YS, Lee J, Kim SJ. Discrimination of Bacillus anthracis Spores by Direct in-situ Analysis of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.9.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Biswas S, Rolain JM. Use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for identification of bacteria that are difficult to culture. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 92:14-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Lavigne JP, Espinal P, Dunyach-Remy C, Messad N, Pantel A, Sotto A. Mass spectrometry: a revolution in clinical microbiology? Clin Chem Lab Med 2013; 51:257-70. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jarraud S, Descours G, Ginevra C, Lina G, Etienne J. Identification of legionella in clinical samples. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 954:27-56. [PMID: 23150388 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-161-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, several methods are used for the detection of Legionella in clinical samples, and these methods constitute part of the criteria for defining legionellosis cases. Urinary antigen detection is the first-line diagnostic test, although this test is limited to L. pneumophila serogroup 1 (Lp1) (Helbig et al., J Clin Microbiol 41:838-840, 2003). The use of molecular techniques can improve Legionaire's disease (LD) diagnosis by detecting other serogroups and species (Diederen et al., J Clin Microbiol 46:671-677, 2008). The isolation of Legionella strains from pulmonary samples by axenic culture is still required to perform further epidemiological investigations (Blyth et al., N S W Public Health Bull 20:157-161, 2009; Fields et al., Clin Microbiol Rev 15:506-526, 2002) but demonstrates various sensitivities. Amoebic coculture has been described as a method to recover Legionella from clinical culture-negative specimens (La Scola et al., J Clin Microbiol 39:365-366, 2001; Rowbotham, J Clin Pathol 36:978-986, 1983) and can be proposed for optimizing Legionella strain isolation from samples contaminated by oropharyngeal flora. Identification of Legionella isolates is based on serological characterization, genotypic methods (with sequencing of the mip gene as the standard method) and, more recently, the Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method.This chapter is limited to the identification of Legionella in clinical samples; antibody detection in human serum will not be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Jarraud
- National Reference Center of Legionella, Centre de Biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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