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Cai M, Han Y, Zheng X, Xue B, Zhang X, Mahmut Z, Wang Y, Dong B, Zhang C, Gao D, Sun J. Synthesis of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid and Its Application in Biomedical Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:15. [PMID: 38203869 PMCID: PMC10779536 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a natural polymer composed of glutamic acid monomer and it has garnered substantial attention in both the fields of material science and biomedicine. Its remarkable cell compatibility, degradability, and other advantageous characteristics have made it a vital component in the medical field. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the production methods, primary application forms, and medical applications of γ-PGA, drawing from numerous prior studies. Among the four production methods for PGA, microbial fermentation currently stands as the most widely employed. This method has seen various optimization strategies, which we summarize here. From drug delivery systems to tissue engineering and wound healing, γ-PGA's versatility and unique properties have facilitated its successful integration into diverse medical applications, underlining its potential to enhance healthcare outcomes. The objective of this review is to establish a foundational knowledge base for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjian Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yumin Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xianhong Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Baigong Xue
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinyao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zulpya Mahmut
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuda Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Biao Dong
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Donghui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operating Room, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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El-Azab MF, Al-Karmalawy AA, Antar SA, Hanna PA, Tawfik KM, Hazem RM. A novel role of Nano selenium and sildenafil on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats by modulation of inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic pathways. Life Sci 2022; 303:120691. [PMID: 35671809 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the effect of nano selenium, sildenafil, and their combination on inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Herein, a new anti-inflammatory pathway for sildenafil as a high-mobility group box (HMGB1) inhibitor was proposed using the molecular docking technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into 7 groups: normal control, control nano selenium, control sildenafil, control diabetic, diabetic+ nano selenium, diabetic+ sildenafil, diabetic+ nano selenium+ sildenafil. The effects of drugs were evaluated by measuring serum urea, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), HMGB1, receptor advanced glycation end product (RAGE), malondialdehyde (MDA), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) by biochemical assays, nuclear factor-kappa b (NF-κB), toll-like receptor (TLR4) by immunohistochemistry, gene expressions of caspase 3 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) besides histopathological investigations of renal cells. KEY FINDINGS Results showed beneficial effects of 8 weeks of treatment by nano selenium and sildenafil supported by improvement in kidney function, histopathological changes, and reduction in all of these parameters. These results supported molecular docking that indicated sildenafil had a high binding score and interactions with the HMGB1 receptor. SIGNIFICANCE The current study demonstrated a renoprotective effect of nano‑selenium and sildenafil by interfering at multiple pathways, especially the HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona F El-Azab
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt.
| | - Samar A Antar
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt
| | - Pierre A Hanna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Karim M Tawfik
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Reem M Hazem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
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The Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Sildenafil Improves DNA Stability and Redox Homeostasis in Systemic Sclerosis Fibroblasts Exposed to Reactive Oxygen Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090786. [PMID: 32854347 PMCID: PMC7555932 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multi-system connective tissue disease characterized by the increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and fibronectin. Although the pathogenesis is not completely understood, a number of studies suggest that free radicals could be the major contributors to the disease. Indeed, different studies demonstrated how oxidative stress could contribute to the fibrotic process activation at the level of the skin and visceral organs. Emerging evidences highlight the beneficial effects of sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i), which protects different cell lines from the cell damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). These data make sildenafil a good candidate for therapeutic treatment aimed to protect biological macromolecules against oxidative damage, thus preserving cell viability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of SSc dermal fibroblasts to an oxidative insult and the ability for sildenafil to prevent/reduce the DNA damage due to ROS action. Additionally, we evaluated the capacity for sildenafil to influence redox homeostasis and cytotoxicity, as well as cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. We demonstrated that SSc fibroblasts have an increased sensitivity to a pro-oxidant environment in comparison to healthy controls. The sildenafil treatment reduced ROS-induced DNA damage, counteracted the negative effects of ROS on cell viability and proliferation, and promoted the activity of specific enzymes involved in redox homeostasis maintenance. To our knowledge, in this report, we demonstrate, for the first time, that sildenafil administration prevents ROS-induced instability in human dermal fibroblasts isolated by SSc patients. These results expand the use of PDE5i as therapeutic agents in SSc by indicating a protective role in tissue damage induced by oxidative insult.
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Hendriks KD, Maassen H, van Dijk PR, Henning RH, van Goor H, Hillebrands JL. Gasotransmitters in health and disease: a mitochondria-centered view. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 45:87-93. [PMID: 31325730 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gasotransmitters fulfill important roles in cellular homeostasis having been linked to various pathologies, including inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the known pathways mediating the actions of gasotransmitters, their effects in regulating mitochondrial function are emerging. Given that mitochondria are key organelles in energy production, formation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis, they are important mediators in preserving health and disease. Preserving or restoring mitochondrial function by gasotransmitters may be beneficial, and mitigate pathogenetic processes. In this review we discuss the actions of gasotransmitters with focus on their role in mitochondrial function and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Dw Hendriks
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanno Maassen
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Pathology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Pathology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Pathology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Effect of a phosphodiesterase-5A (PDE5A) gene polymorphism on response to sildenafil therapy in canine pulmonary hypertension. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6899. [PMID: 31053768 PMCID: PMC6499771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common clinical condition associated with morbidity and mortality in both humans and dogs. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor causing accumulation of cGMP, is frequently used for treatment of PH. The authors previously reported a PDE5A:E90K polymorphism in dogs that results in lower basal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) concentrations than in wild-type dogs, which could contribute to variability in the efficacy of sildenafil. In this study, response to sildenafil therapy was evaluated in dogs with PH by comparing echocardiographic parameters, quality-of-life (QOL) score, and plasma cGMP concentrations before and after sildenafil therapy. Overall, tricuspid regurgitation estimated systolic pressure gradient (PG) and QOL score were significantly improved after sildenafil therapy, and the plasma cGMP concentration was significantly decreased. Dogs that had a heterozygous PDE5A status had a significantly worse QOL score when compared to the wildtype group after sildenafil treatment. The simple and multiple regression analyses revealed a significant but weak prediction for the percent reduction in QOL score with sildenafil treatment by plasma cGMP level and by the PDE5A:E90K polymorphic status. This study showed that sildenafil treatment improved PH in dogs, and the PDE5A:E90K polymorphism blunted the efficacy of sildenafil in terms of QOL improvement.
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Molehin OR, Adeyanju AA, Adefegha SA, Aina OO, Afolabi BA, Olowoyeye AO, Oyediran JA, Oladiran OR. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, offers protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rat. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:29-35. [PMID: 29283882 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevation of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) activity converts cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to 5'-GMP, a mechanism that could be associated with drug-mediated hepatotoxicity. This study investigated whether selective inhibition of PDE5 by sildenafil could offer protection against hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). METHODS CCl4 (0.5 mL/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to induce hepatotoxicity. The control group received normal saline. Sildenafil (5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered to CCl4-treated rats. RESULTS CCl4 significantly increased the serum levels of gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and reduced total protein (TP) (p<0.05). Pretreatment with sildenafil moderately reduced ALP, AST, and ALT activities with modest increase in TP level. CCl4-induced changes in the antioxidant status of the liver were significantly improved by sildenafil, especially at the lowest dose of 5 mg/kg by elevating the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and preventing lipid peroxidation (p<0.05). Sildenafil did not significantly alter the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. However, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was significantly increased by sildenafil (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results from this study suggest that sildenafil, when used at low doses, may be a useful pharmacological protective agent against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olorunfemi R Molehin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti. P.M.B.5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, Phone: +234 803 462 1267, E-mail:
| | - Anne A Adeyanju
- Department of Biological Sciences, McPherson University, Seriki Sotayo, Ajebo, Nigeria
| | - Stephen A Adefegha
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Oluwasanmi O Aina
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Ayorinde O Olowoyeye
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti. P.M.B.5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Jesutomi A Oyediran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti. P.M.B.5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi R Oladiran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti. P.M.B.5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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Song Q, Ni J, Jiang H, Shi Z. Sildenafil improves blood perfusion in steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head in rabbits via a protein kinase G-dependent mechanism. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA ET TRAUMATOLOGICA TURCICA 2017; 51:398-403. [PMID: 28774681 PMCID: PMC6197368 DOI: 10.1016/j.aott.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study were to evaluate the effect of sildenafil against avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH) in a rabbit model, and to study the role of protein kinase G (PKG) pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ANFH. Methods Three weeks after inducing ANFH with methylprednisolone injection, 45 female adult New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups and treated as follows: group SI received daily intraperitoneal sildenafil with a dose of 10 mg/kg per day; group SD received daily sildenafil identically to group SI plus auricular vein injection DT3 (a specific PKG inhibitor); group NS received only normal saline. The blood perfusion function in the femoral head was measured by perfusion MRI and ink artery infusion. Bilateral femora heads were examined histopathologically for the presence of osteonecrosis; VEGF of tissue was examined by Western blot analysis; cGMP level and PKG activity were also measured. Results The incidence of ANFH in SI group was significantly lower than that observed in NS and SD groups (p < 0.05). VEGF in SI group was increased compared to NS group. cGMP level and PKG activity were also significantly different between NS and SI group (p < 0.05). However, these effects of sildenafil in SD group were all markedly inhibited by the administration of DT3 compared to SI group. Conclusion Sildenafil appear to increase the perfusion of femoral head by up-regulating VEGF through PKG pathway. The increased perfusion of femoral head could prevent ANFH.
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Zanoni DS, Da Silva GA, Ezra‐Elia R, Carvalho M, Quitzan JG, Ofri R, Laus JL, Laufer‐Amorim R. Histological, morphometric, protein and gene expression analyses of rat retinas with ischaemia-reperfusion injury model treated with sildenafil citrate. Int J Exp Pathol 2017; 98:147-157. [PMID: 28849621 PMCID: PMC5573770 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to better understand the role of apoptosis in a retinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury model and to determine whether sildenafil citrate treatment can prevent retinal cell apoptosis. Thirty-six rats were divided into a control group (n = 6) and two experimentally induced ischaemia-reperfusion groups (7 and 21 days; n = 15 per group). The induced ischaemia-reperfusion groups were treated with sildenafil for 7 and 21 days (n = 10 per group), and 10 animals were treated with a placebo for the same period (n = 5 per group). Paracentesis of the anterior chamber was performed with a 30-G needle attached to a saline solution (0.9%) bag positioned at a height of 150 cm above the eye for 60 min. Intraocular pressure was measured by rebound tonometer (TonoVet® ). The eyes were analysed by histology and morphometry, and by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR for expression of Caspase-7, Caspase-6, Caspase-9, Tnf-r2, Fas-l, Bcl-2 and Bax. Sildenafil-treated animals showed lower levels of histopathological changes (inflammatory, cellular and tissue) than their placebo-treated counterparts at both 7 and 21 days. The retinal ganglion cell layer (RGC) was preserved in the sildenafil groups (SG), with a cell count closer to control than in the placebo groups (PG). Caspase-7 expression was significantly higher in both treated groups at 7 days compared to controls. Gene expression levels in both treatment groups differed from the controls, but in SG Bax and Caspase-6 expression levels were similar to control animals. These results suggest that the main mechanism of retinal cell death in this model is apoptosis, as there is an increase in pro-apoptotic factors and decrease in the anti-apoptotic ones. Also, sildenafil seems to protect the retinal ganglion cell layer from apoptosis. Cell survival was evident in the histological and morphometric analyses, and sildenafil treatment had a protective effect in the apoptosis pathways, with gene expression levels in SG similar to the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo S. Zanoni
- Department of Veterinary ClinicSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity Estadual PaulistaBotucatuSPBrazil
| | - Germana A. Da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and SurgerySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity Estadual PaulistaJaboticabalSPBrazil
| | - Raaya Ezra‐Elia
- Koret School of Veterinary MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemIsrael
| | - Márcio Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary ClinicSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity Estadual PaulistaBotucatuSPBrazil
| | - Juliany G. Quitzan
- Department of Surgery and AnesthesiologySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity Estadual PaulistaBotucatuSPBrazil
| | - Ron Ofri
- Koret School of Veterinary MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemIsrael
| | - José L. Laus
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and SurgerySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity Estadual PaulistaJaboticabalSPBrazil
| | - Renee Laufer‐Amorim
- Department of Veterinary ClinicSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity Estadual PaulistaBotucatuSPBrazil
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Almeida LSD, Barboza JR, Freitas FPS, Porto ML, Vasquez EC, Meyrelles SS, Gava AL, Pereira TMC. Sildenafil prevents renal dysfunction in contrast media-induced nephropathy in Wistar rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1194-1202. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115626582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an iatrogenic medical event in stable cardiology patients that may lead to acute renal failure. There is no current successful therapy to manage CIN. Increasing evidence in experimental models and humans has suggested that this disease is associated with renal tubular and vascular injury triggered by oxidative stress. Considering the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the pathogenesis of CIN, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sildenafil on CIN development. Male Wistar rats were divided into control, CIN, and CIN pretreated with sildenafil (50 mg/kg/day). CIN was induced by water deprivation, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester + indomethacin injections (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and intravenous iohexol administration (3 g/kg). Renal function was evaluated through glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow (RBF), plasma creatinine, uremia, and proteinuria. Oxidative stress was assessed by flow cytometry for intracellular ROS. Treatment with sildenafil attenuated the marked reduction of GFR and RBF in the CIN group. Moreover, sildenafil treatment in CIN rats reduced plasma creatinine, uremia, and proteinuria. Flow cytometry demonstrated that sildenafil attenuated the ROS production in the CIN group. These data suggest that sildenafil may be a new therapeutic agent to prevent CIN through its ability to preserve renal function and attenuate oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Salles de Almeida
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Jamila Rodrigues Barboza
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Flávia Priscila Santos Freitas
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Marcella Leite Porto
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Elisardo Corral Vasquez
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Silvana Santos Meyrelles
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Agata Lages Gava
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thiago Melo Costa Pereira
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
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Prevention of valproic acid-induced neural tube defects by sildenafil citrate. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 56:175-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bolnick JM, Kilburn BA, Bolnick AD, Diamond MP, Singh M, Hertz M, Dai J, Armant DR. Sildenafil Prevents Apoptosis of Human First-Trimester Trophoblast Cells Exposed to Oxidative Stress: Possible Role for Nitric Oxide Activation of 3',5'-cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Signaling. Reprod Sci 2014; 22:718-24. [PMID: 25431453 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114557894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Human first-trimester trophoblast cells proliferate at low O2, but survival is compromised by oxidative stress, leading to uteroplacental insufficiency. The vasoactive drug, sildenafil citrate (Viagra, Sigma, St Louis, Missouri), has proven useful in reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes. An important biological function of this pharmaceutical is its action as an inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase type 5 activity, which suggests that it could have beneficial effects on trophoblast survival. To investigate whether sildenafil can prevent trophoblast cell death, human first-trimester villous explants and the HTR-8/SVneo cytotrophoblast cell line were exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) to generate oxidative stress, which induces apoptosis. Apoptosis was optimally inhibited during H/R by 350 ng/mL sildenafil. Sildenafil-mediated survival was reversed by l-N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride or cGMP antagonist, indicating a dependence on both nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP. Indeed, either a cGMP agonist or an NO generator was cytoprotective independent of sildenafil. These findings suggest a novel intervention route for patients with recurrent pregnancy loss or obstetrical placental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Bolnick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Brian A Kilburn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alan D Bolnick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Manvinder Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Hertz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - D Randall Armant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Lemmo W. Potential interactions of prescription and over‐the‐counter medications having antioxidant capabilities with radiation and chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:2525-33. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Lemmo
- LEMMO Integrated Cancer Care Inc.Vancouver Canada
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Dias AT, Rodrigues BP, Porto ML, Gava AL, Balarini CM, Freitas FPS, Palomino Z, Casarini DE, Campagnaro BP, Pereira TMC, Meyrelles SS, Vasquez EC. Sildenafil ameliorates oxidative stress and DNA damage in the stenotic kidneys in mice with renovascular hypertension. J Transl Med 2014; 12:35. [PMID: 24502628 PMCID: PMC3922021 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress and DNA damage have been implicated in the pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension induced by renal artery stenosis in the two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) Goldblatt model. Considering our previous report indicating that the chronic blockade of phosphodiesterase 5 with sildenafil (Viagra®) has marked beneficial effects on oxidative stress and DNA damage, we tested the hypothesis that sildenafil could also protect the stenotic kidneys of 2K1C hypertensive mice against oxidative stress and genotoxicity. Methods The experiments were performed with C57BL6 mice subjected to renovascular hypertension by left renal artery clipping. Two weeks after clipping, the mice were treated with sildenafil (40 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks, 2K1C-sildenafil group) or the vehicle (2K1C). These mice were compared with control mice not subjected to renal artery clipping (Sham). After hemodynamic measurements, the stenotic kidneys were assessed using flow cytometry to evaluate cell viability and the comet assay to evaluate DNA damage. Measurements of intracellular superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide levels as well as nitric oxide bioavailability were also obtained. Results Sildenafil treatment significantly reduced mean arterial pressure (15%), heart rate (8%), intrarenal angiotensin II (50%) and renal atrophy (36%). In addition, it caused a remarkable decrease of reactive oxygen species production. On the other hand, sildenafil increased nitric oxide levels relative to those in the nontreated 2K1C mice. Sildenafil treatment also significantly reduced the high level of kidney DNA damage that is a characteristic of renovascular hypertensive mice. Conclusions Our data reveal that sildenafil has a protective effect on the stenotic kidneys of 2K1C mice, suggesting a new use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for protection against the DNA damage observed in the hypoperfused kidneys of individuals with renovascular hypertension. Further translational research is necessary to delineate the mechanisms involved in the prevention of renal stenosis in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elisardo C Vasquez
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
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Musicki B, Bivalacqua TJ, Champion HC, Burnett AL. Sildenafil promotes eNOS activation and inhibits NADPH oxidase in the transgenic sickle cell mouse penis. J Sex Med 2014; 11:424-30. [PMID: 24251665 PMCID: PMC4011711 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sickle cell disease (SCD)-associated vasculopathy in the penis is characterized by aberrant nitric oxide and phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 signaling, and by increased oxidative stress. Preliminary clinical trials show that continuous treatment with PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil unassociated with sexual activity decreases priapic activity in patients with SCD. However, the mechanism of its vasculoprotective effect in the penis remains unclear. AIMS We evaluated whether continuous administration of PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil promotes eNOS function at posttranslational levels and decreases superoxide-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase activity in the sickle cell mouse penis. METHODS SCD transgenic mice were used as an animal model of SCD. WT mice served as controls. Mice received treatment with the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil (100 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 3 weeks. eNOS phosphorylation on Ser-1177 (positive regulatory site), eNOS interactions with heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) (positive regulator), phosphorylated AKT (upstream mediator of eNOS phosphorylation on Ser-1177), an NADPH oxidase catalytic subunit gp91(phox), and a marker of oxidative stress (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal [HNE]) were measured by Western blot. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Effect of continuous sildenafil treatment on eNOS posttranslational activation, NADPH oxidase catalytic subunit, and oxidative stress in the penis of the sickle cell mouse. RESULTS Continuous treatment with sildenafil reversed (P < 0.05) the abnormalities in protein expressions of P-eNOS (Ser-1177), eNOS/HSP90 interaction, P-AKT, protein expression of gp91(phox), and 4-HNE, in the sickle cell mouse penis. Sildenafil treatment of WT mice did not affect any of these parameters. CONCLUSION Our findings that sildenafil enhances eNOS activation and inhibits NADPH oxidase function in the sickle cell mouse penis offers a vasculoprotective molecular basis for the therapeutic effect of sildenafil in the penis in association with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Musicki
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Trinity J. Bivalacqua
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hunter C. Champion
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arthur L. Burnett
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sun X, Chen RC, Yang ZH, Sun GB, Wang M, Ma XJ, Yang LJ, Sun XB. Taxifolin prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy in vivo and in vitro by inhibition of oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 63:221-32. [PMID: 24269735 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy has been increasingly recognized as an important cause of heart failure in diabetic patients. Excessive oxidative stress has been suggested to play a critical role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects and mechanisms of taxifolin on cardiac function of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and on hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiac myoblasts. In vivo study revealed that taxifolin improved diastolic dysfunction, ameliorated myocardium structure abnormality, inhibited myocyte apoptosis and enhanced endogenous antioxidant enzymes activities. Interestingly, taxifolin reduced angiotensin II level in myocardium, inhibited NADPH oxidase activity, and increased JAK/STAT3 activation. In vitro investigation demonstrated that taxifolin inhibited 33 mM glucoseinduced H9c2 cells apoptosis by decreasing intracellular ROS level. It also inhibited caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and regulated the expression of proteins related to the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, thus inhibiting the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm. In conclusion, taxifolin exerted cardioprotective effects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting oxidative stress and cardiac myocyte apoptosis and might be a potential agent in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-chang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-juan Yang
- Medical Functional Laboratory, Basic Medical Department, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition on apoptosis and beta amyloid load in aged mice. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:520-31. [PMID: 24112792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline is accompanied by an increase of neuronal apoptosis and a dysregulation of neuroplasticity-related molecules such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotoxic factors including beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide. Because it has been previously demonstrated that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) protect against hippocampal synaptic dysfunction and memory deficits in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and physiological aging, we investigated the effect of a treatment with the PDE5-I, sildenafil, on cell death, pro- and antiapoptotic molecules, and Aβ production. We demonstrated that chronic intraperitoneal injection of sildenafil (3 mg/kg for 3 weeks) decreased terminal deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling-positive cells in the CA1 hippocampal area of 26-30-month-old mice, downregulating the proapoptotic proteins, caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X, and increasing antiapoptotic molecules such as B-cell lymphoma protein-2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Also, sildenafil reverted the shifting of amyloid precursor protein processing toward Aβ42 production and the increase of the Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio in aged mice. Our data suggest that PDE5-I might be beneficial to treat age-related detrimental features in a physiological mouse model of aging.
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Rodrigues BP, Campagnaro BP, Balarini CM, Pereira TMC, Meyrelles SS, Vasquez EC. Sildenafil ameliorates biomarkers of genotoxicity in an experimental model of spontaneous atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:128. [PMID: 23981672 PMCID: PMC3766097 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress observed in atherosclerosis and that ROS can also cause damage in cellular macromolecules, including DNA. Considering previous report that sildenafil, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), has antioxidant effects, in the present study we evaluated the effect of this drug on genotoxicity of blood mononuclear cells (MNC) and liver cells from atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E knockout mice (apoE(-/-)). METHODS ROS production in MNC was evaluated by flow cytometry with the fluorescent dye dihydroethidium (DHE), a method that has been used to quantify the production of superoxide anion, and DNA damage was evaluated in both MNC and liver cells using the alkaline comet assay. Sildenafil-administered apoE(-/-) mice were compared with strain-matched mice administered with vehicle and with C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice. RESULTS MNC from apoE(-/-) vehicle exhibited a 2-fold increase in production of superoxide anion in comparison with WT. In contrast, sildenafil-administered apoE(-/-) mice showed superoxide anion levels similar to those observed in WT mice. Similarly, MNC and liver cells from apoE(-/-) vehicle mice showed a 4-fold and 2-fold augmented DNA fragmentation compared with WT, respectively, and sildenafil-administered apoE(-/-) mice exhibited minimal DNA damage in those cells similar to WT mice. CONCLUSIONS ApoE(-/-) mice chronically administered with sildenafil exhibited reduced levels of superoxide anion in MNC and less DNA fragmentation in MNC and liver cells, which are biomarkers of genotoxicity. Therefore, sildenafil may offer a new perspective to the use of PDE5 inhibitors to protect against DNA damage, in cells involved in the inflammatory and dyslipidemic processes that accompany atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca P Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Bianca P Campagnaro
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vila Velha (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Camille M Balarini
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Thiago M C Pereira
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vila Velha (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFES), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Silvana S Meyrelles
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Elisardo C Vasquez
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vila Velha (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
- Emescam School of Health Sciences, Vitoria, Brazil
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18
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Arafa MH, Atteia HH. Sildenafil citrate attenuates the deleterious effects of elevated ammonia. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 23:402-11. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.770109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abdel-latif RG, Morsy MA, El-Moselhy MA, Khalifa MA. Sildenafil protects against nitric oxide deficiency-related nephrotoxicity in cyclosporine A treated rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 705:126-34. [PMID: 23499693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is the most widely used immunosuppressant in organ transplant surgery and in treatment of autoimmune disease. Nevertheless, animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that nephrotoxicity is the major adverse effect limiting the prolonged CsA therapeutic use. The present study aimed to investigate possible protective effect of sildenafil, a phoshodiestrase-5 inhibitor, on CsA-induced nephrotoxicity and various mechanism(s) underlies this effect. Male Wistar rats were administered CsA (20 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for 21 days alone or in combination with sildenafil (5 mg/kg/day, p.o.). Sildenafil exhibited nephroprotective effects as evidenced by significant decrease in serum creatinine and urea levels, spot urine albumin-creatinine ratio, as well as renal level of malondialdehyde, with a concurrent increase in renal levels of reduced glutathione and nitric oxide along with catalase activity compared to CsA-treated rats. [corrected]. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that sildenafil treatment markedly reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and caspase-3 expressions, while expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase was prominently enhanced. The protective effects of sildenafil were confirmed by renal histopathological examination. Pretreatment with l-nitro-arginine methyl ester (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.), a non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, reversed the protection afforded by sildenafil. Taken together, the current study highlighted the renoprotective effects of sildenafil against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, which might be mediated, in part, through nitric oxide pathway as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania G Abdel-latif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
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20
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Evaluation of vitamin E in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in aged rats. Life Sci 2012; 90:489-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Luo L, Dai DZ, Cheng YS, Zhang Q, Yuan WJ, Dai Y. Sildenafil improves diabetic vascular activity through suppressing endothelin receptor A, iNOS and NADPH oxidase which is comparable with the endothelin receptor antagonist CPU0213 in STZ-injected rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:943-51. [PMID: 21635260 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abnormal vascular activity in diabetes is related not only to impaired nitric oxide bioavailability but also to inflammatory cytokines, endothelin A receptor (ET(A) ) activation and NADPH oxidase in the vasculature. The potential role of sildenafil in improving vascular function was investigated. Its action was likely blocking upregulated ET(A) and NADPH oxidase, and was compared with the endothelin receptor antagonist CPU0213. METHODS Diabetes was induced by single-dose administration of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, i.p.) to rats and the vascular activity of the thoracic aorta was measured. KEY FINDINGS An increase in contractile tone to phenylephrine and a decrease in relaxant tone to acetylcholine was found in the thoracic aorta. Oxidative stress was evident by increased malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione peroxidase levels in serum and upregulation of ET(A), MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9), inducible nitric oxide synthase and NADPH oxidase p67(phox) were found in the vascular wall. The vascular abnormalities and abnormal biomarkers were attenuated significantly by either sildenafil or CPU0213 along with an improvement of nitric oxide bioavailability and vascular activity. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of diabetic vascular abnormal activity by sildenafil results from its suppression of activation of ET(A) and NADPH oxidase in the vasculature, and these actions are comparable with those of the endothelin receptor antagonist CPU0213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Luo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Mostafa T, Rashed LA, Kotb K. Testosterone and chronic sildenafil/tadalafil anti-apoptotic role in aged diabetic rats. Int J Impot Res 2010; 22:255-61. [PMID: 20574430 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2010.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to assess the cavernous anti-apoptotic role of using chronic low-dose sildenafil/tadalafil with and without testosterone (T) in aged diabetic rats. In all, 140 Sprague-Dawley aged rats were divided into the following groups: controls; induced diabetic rats; diabetic rats that received intramuscular depot T once every 4 weeks; diabetic rats on sildenafil 2 mg kg(-1) orally daily; diabetic rats on T and daily sildenafil; diabetic rats on tadalafil 0.45 mg kg(-1) orally every other day; diabetic rats on every-other-day tadalafil and T; diabetic rats on alternate sildenafil and tadalafil; and diabetic rats on alternate sildenafil, tadalafil and T. After 12 weeks, Bax (apoptotic factor), Bcl(2) (B-cell lymphoma 2; anti-apoptotic factor), cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate) were estimated in their cavernous tissues. Compared with the controls, aged diabetic rats showed significant increased cavernous tissue Bax and significant decreased Bcl(2), in which diabetic rats injected with T showed the reverse compared with the diabetic rats. Diabetic rats on sildenafil or tadalafil showed significant increased cavernous Bcl(2) and decreased Bax with upgraded Bcl(2)/Bax ratio that was improved being on T. Diabetic rats on alternate sildenafil/tadalafil with or without T showed further significant increased cavernous tissue Bcl(2) with upgraded Bcl(2)/Bax ratio. It is concluded that frequent low-dose use of sildenafil and/or tadalafil combined with T would be predicted to have a pronounced anti-apoptotic cavernous tissue effect on the cavernous tissues of aged diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mostafa
- Department of Andrology and Sexology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Milara J, Juan G, Ortiz JL, Guijarro R, Losada M, Serrano A, Morcillo EJ, Cortijo J. Cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary endothelial dysfunction is partially suppressed by sildenafil. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 39:363-72. [PMID: 20093183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke mediated oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction are important processes in the pathogenesis of several lung disorders. In this study we evaluated the effect of PDE5 inhibition on pulmonary artery endothelial dysfunction induced by cigarette smoke in vitro. Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC) were incubated in the absence or presence of PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil (10 nM-1 microM), PKG agonist 8-Br-cGMP (1mM), or the antioxidants dyphenyleneiodonium (DPI 1 microM) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC 1mM) for 30 min. Then, cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was added for 24h. CSE (2.5-10%)-induced ROS generation was suppressed by DPI, and partially reversed by sildenafil and 8-Br-cGMP. Decreases in intracellular levels of cGMP and extracellular NO induced by CSE were reversed by sildenafil and DPI. Furthermore, CSE-induced pg91(phox) and PDE5 mRNA overexpression were suppressed by both sildenafil and DPI. CSE (2.5-10%) induced upregulation of IL-6, IL-8 and Ang-2, and decreased Ang-1 expression in parallel to apoptosis which were partially suppressed by sildenafil, 8-Br-cGMP, DPI and NAC. This study demonstrates that PDE5 inhibition attenuates the oxidant burden and the inflammatory and remodeling effects of CSE in human HPAEC which may contribute to the therapeutic value of PDE5 inhibitors for pulmonary disorders coursing with endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Milara
- Research Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain.
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