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Lauko K, Nesterowicz M, Trocka D, Dańkowska K, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Zalewska A, Maciejczyk M. Novel Properties of Old Propranolol-Assessment of Antiglycation Activity through In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:27559-27577. [PMID: 38947802 PMCID: PMC11209686 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension has earned the "silent killer" nickname since it may lead to a number of comorbidities, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress and protein glycation play vital roles in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Several studies have shown that they profoundly account for vascular dysfunction, endothelial damage, and disruption of blood pressure regulatory mechanisms. Of particular note are advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs alter vascular tissues' functional and mechanical properties by binding to receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), stimulating inflammation and free radical-mediated pathways. Propranolol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, is one of the most commonly used drugs to treat hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Our study is the first to analyze propranolol's effects on protein glycoxidation through in vitro and in silico approaches. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was utilized to evaluate glycoxidation inhibition by propranolol. Propranolol (1 mM) and BSA (0.09 mM) were incubated with different glycating (0.5 M glucose, fructose, and galactose for 6 days and 2.5 mM glyoxal and methylglyoxal for 12 h) or oxidizing agents (chloramine T for 1 h). Biomarkers of protein glycation (Amadori products (APs), β-amyloid (βA), and advanced glycation end products (AGEs)), protein glycoxidation (dityrosine (DT), kynurenine (KYN), and N-formylkynurenine (NFK)), protein oxidation (protein carbonyls (PCs), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs)) were measured by means of colorimetric and fluorimetric methods. The scavenging of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and nitric oxide) and the antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and ferrous ion chelating (FIC) assays)) of propranolol were also evaluated. Additionally, in silico docking was performed to showcase propranolol's interaction with BSA, glycosides, and AGE/RAGE pathway proteins. The products of protein glycation (↓APs, ↓βA, ↓AGEs), glycoxidation (↓DT, ↓KYN, ↓NFK), and oxidation (↓PCs, ↓AOPPs) prominently decreased in the BSA samples with both glycating/oxidizing factors and propranolol. The antiglycoxidant properties of propranolol were similar to those of aminoguanidine, a known protein oxidation inhibitor, and captopril, which is an established antioxidant. Propranolol showed a potent antioxidant activity in the FIC and H2O2 scavenging assays, comparable to aminoguanidine and captopril. In silico analysis indicated propranolol's antiglycative properties during its interaction with BSA, glycosidases, and AGE/RAGE pathway proteins. Our results confirm that propranolol may decrease protein oxidation and glycoxidation in vitro. Additional studies on human and animal models are vital for in vivo verification of propranolol's antiglycation activity, as this discovery might hold the key to the prevention of diabetic complications among cardiology-burdened patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil
Klaudiusz Lauko
- ‘Biochemistry
of Civilisation Diseases’ Students’ Scientific Club
at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok 15-233, Poland
| | - Miłosz Nesterowicz
- ‘Biochemistry
of Civilisation Diseases’ Students’ Scientific Club
at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok 15-233, Poland
| | - Daria Trocka
- ‘Biochemistry
of Civilisation Diseases’ Students’ Scientific Club
at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok 15-233, Poland
| | - Karolina Dańkowska
- ‘Biochemistry
of Civilisation Diseases’ Students’ Scientific Club
at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok 15-233, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and
Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok 15-233, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Independent Laboratory of Experimental
Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street , Bialystok 15-274, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and
Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok 15-233, Poland
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Kumfu S, Sripetchwandee J, Thonusin C, Sumneang N, Maneechote C, Arunsak B, Chunchai T, Oo TT, Kongkaew A, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Ferroptosis inhibitor improves cardiac function more effectively than inhibitors of apoptosis and necroptosis through cardiac mitochondrial protection in rats with iron-overloaded cardiomyopathy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 479:116727. [PMID: 37863361 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC) is the leading cause of death in cases of iron overload in patients. Previous studies demonstrated that iron overload led to cardiomyocyte dysfunction and death through multiple pathways including apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis. However, the dominant cell death pathway in the iron-overloaded heart needs clarification. We tested the hypothesis that ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, plays a dominant role in IOC, and ferroptosis inhibitor exerts greater efficacy than inhibitors of apoptosis and necroptosis on improving cardiac function in iron-overloaded rats. Iron dextran was injected intraperitoneally into male Wistar rats for four weeks to induce iron overload. Then, the rats were divided into 5 groups: treated with vehicle, apoptosis inhibitor (z-VAD-FMK), necroptosis inhibitor (Necrostatin-1), ferroptosis inhibitor (Ferrostatin-1) or iron chelator (deferoxamine) for 2 weeks. Cardiac function, mitochondrial function, apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis were determined. The increased expression of apoptosis-, necroptosis- and ferroptosis-related proteins, were associated with impaired cardiac and mitochondrial function in iron-overloaded rats. All cell death inhibitors attenuated cardiac apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis in iron-overloaded rats. Ferrostatin-1 was more effective than the other drugs in diminishing mitochondrial dysfunction and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Moreover, both Ferrostatin-1 and deferoxamine reversed iron overload-induced cardiac dysfunction as indicated by restored left ventricular ejection fraction and E/A ratio, whereas z-VAD-FMK and Necrostatin-1 only partially improved this parameter. These results indicated that ferroptosis could be the predominant form of cardiomyocyte death in IOC, and that inhibiting ferroptosis might be a potential novel treatment for IOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jirapas Sripetchwandee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chanisa Thonusin
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natticha Sumneang
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayodom Maneechote
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thura Tun Oo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Aphisek Kongkaew
- Research Administration Section, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Sadek SA, Marzouk M, Mohamed HRH, El-Sallam BFA, Elfiky AA, Sayed AA. Chia seeds and coenzyme Q 10 alleviate iron overload induced hepatorenal toxicity in mice via iron chelation and oxidative stress modulation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19773. [PMID: 37957293 PMCID: PMC10643458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron overload (IOL) can cause hepatorenal damage due to iron-mediated oxidative and mitochondrial damage. Remarkably, combining a natural iron chelator with an antioxidant can exert greater efficacy than monotherapy. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Chia and CoQ10 to chelate excess iron and prevent hepatorenal oxidative damage in IOL mice. Male Swiss albino mice (n = 49) were randomly assigned to seven groups: control, dietary Chia, CoQ10, IOL, IOL + Chia, IOL + CoQ10, and IOL + Chia + CoQ10. Computational chemistry indicates that the phytic acid found in the Chia seeds is stable, reactive, and able to bind to up to three iron ions (both Fe2+ and Fe3+). IOL induced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, TIBC, TSI, RBCs, Hb, MCV, MCH, WBCs, AST, ALT, creatinine, and MDA. IOL causes a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in UIBC, platelets, and antioxidant molecules (GSH, SOD, CAT, and GR). Also, IOL elicits mitochondrial membrane change depolarization, and DNA fragmentation and suppresses mitochondrial DNA copies. Furthermore, substantial changes in hepatic and renal tissue, including hepatocellular necrosis and apoptosis, glomerular degeneration, glomerular basement membrane thickening, and tubular degeneration, were observed in the IOL group. Dietary Chia and CoQ10 induced significant (P < 0.05) amelioration in all the mentioned parameters. They can mostly repair the abnormal architecture of hepatic and renal tissues induced by IOL, as signified by normal sinusoids, normal central veins, and neither glomerular damage nor degenerated tubules. In conclusion, the combined treatment with Chia + CoQ10 exerts more pronounced efficacy than monotherapy in hepatorenal protection via chelating excess iron and improved cellular antioxidant status and hepatorenal mitochondrial function in IOL mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Sadek
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Marzouk
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan R H Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | | | - Abdo A Elfiky
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany A Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Delijewski M, Bartoń A, Maksym B, Pawlas N. The Link between Iron Turnover and Pharmacotherapy in Transplant Patients. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061453. [PMID: 36986181 PMCID: PMC10052361 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is a transition metal that plays a crucial role in several physiological processes. It can also exhibit toxic effects on cells, due to its role in the formation of free radicals. Iron deficiency and anemia, as well as iron overload, are the result of impaired iron metabolism, in which a number of proteins, such as hepcidin, hemojuvelin and transferrin, take part. Iron deficiency is common in individuals with renal and cardiac transplants, while iron overload is more common in patients with hepatic transplantation. The current knowledge about iron metabolism in lung graft recipients and donors is limited. The problem is even more complex when we consider the fact that iron metabolism may be also driven by certain drugs used by graft recipients and donors. In this work, we overview the available literature reports on iron turnover in the human body, with particular emphasis on transplant patients, and we also attempt to assess the drugs’ impact on iron metabolism, which may be useful in perioperative treatment in transplantology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Delijewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 38, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(32)-2722683
| | | | - Beata Maksym
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 38, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Natalia Pawlas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 38, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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5
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Lopez AJ, ElSaadani M, Culkin MC, Jacovides CL, Georges AP, Song H, Kaplan LJ, Kumar MA, Smith DH, Pascual JL. Persistent Blunting of Penumbral Leukocyte Mobilization by Beta Blockade Administered for Two Weeks After Traumatic Brain Injury. J Surg Res 2022; 280:196-203. [PMID: 35994981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Beta-blockers (BB) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) accelerate cognitive recovery weeks after injury. BBs also inhibit leukocyte (LEU) mobilization to the penumbral blood brain barrier (BBB) 48-h after TBI. It is unclear whether the latter effects persist longer and accompany the persistent cognitive improvement. We hypothesized that 2 wk of BB after TBI reduce penumbral BBB leukocyte-endothelial interactions. METHODS Thirty CD1 mice underwent TBI (controlled cortical impact, CCI: 6 m/s velocity, 1 mm depth, 3 mm diameter) or sham craniotomy followed by i.p. saline (NS) or propranolol (1, 2, 4 mg/kg) every 12 h for 14 d. On day 14, in vivo pial intravital microscopy visualized endothelial-LEU interactions and BBB microvascular leakage. Day 14 Garcia neurological test scores and animal weights were compared to preinjury levels reflecting concurrent clinical recovery. RESULTS LEU rolling was greatest in CCI + NS when compared to sham (P = 0.03). 4 mg/kg propranolol significantly reduced postCCI LEU rolling down to uninjured sham levels (P = 0.03). LEU adhesion and microvascular permeability were not impacted at this time interval. Untreated injured animals (CCI + NS) scored lower Garcia neurological test and greater weight loss recovery at day 14 when compared to preinjury (P < 0.05). Treatment with higher doses of propranolol (2, 4 mg/kg), improved weight loss recovery (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS LEU rolling alone, was influenced by BB therapy 14 d after TBI suggesting that certain penumbral neuroinflammatory cellular effects of BB therapy after TBI persist up to 2 wk after injury potentially explaining the pervasive beneficial effects of BBs on learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J Lopez
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohamed ElSaadani
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew C Culkin
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina L Jacovides
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anastasia P Georges
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hailong Song
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lewis J Kaplan
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monisha A Kumar
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Douglas H Smith
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jose L Pascual
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Ahmed YM, Orfali R, Hamad DS, Rateb ME, Farouk HO. Sustainable Release of Propranolol Hydrochloride Laden with Biconjugated-Ufasomes Chitosan Hydrogel Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Sciatic Nerve Damage in In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1536. [PMID: 35893792 PMCID: PMC9394333 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries significantly impact patients' quality of life and poor functional recovery. Chitosan-ufasomes (CTS-UFAs) exhibit biomimetic features, making them a viable choice for developing novel transdermal delivery for neural repair. This study aimed to investigate the role of CTS-UFAs loaded with the propranolol HCl (PRO) as a model drug in enhancing sciatica in cisplatin-induced sciatic nerve damage in rats. Hence, PRO-UFAs were primed, embedding either span 20 or 60 together with oleic acid and cholesterol using a thin-film hydration process based on full factorial design (24). The influence of formulation factors on UFAs' physicochemical characteristics and the optimum formulation selection were investigated using Design-Expert® software. Based on the optimal UFA formulation, PRO-CTS-UFAs were constructed and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, stability studies, and ex vivo permeation. In vivo trials on rats with a sciatic nerve injury tested the efficacy of PRO-CTS-UFA and PRO-UFA transdermal hydrogels, PRO solution, compared to normal rats. Additionally, oxidative stress and specific apoptotic biomarkers were assessed, supported by a sciatic nerve histopathological study. PRO-UFAs and PRO-CTS-UFAs disclosed entrapment efficiency of 82.72 ± 2.33% and 85.32 ± 2.65%, a particle size of 317.22 ± 6.43 and 336.12 ± 4.9 nm, ζ potential of -62.06 ± 0.07 and 65.24 ± 0.10 mV, and accumulatively released 70.95 ± 8.14% and 64.03 ± 1.9% PRO within 6 h, respectively. Moreover, PRO-CTS-UFAs significantly restored sciatic nerve structure, inhibited the cisplatin-dependent increase in peripheral myelin 22 gene expression and MDA levels, and further re-established sciatic nerve GSH and CAT content. Furthermore, they elicited MBP re-expression, BCL-2 mild expression, and inhibited TNF-α expression. Briefly, our findings proposed that CTS-UFAs are promising to enhance PRO transdermal delivery to manage sciatic nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin M. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
| | - Raha Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa S. Hamad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt; (D.S.H.); (H.O.F.)
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Hanan O. Farouk
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt; (D.S.H.); (H.O.F.)
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Lopez AJ, ElSaadani M, Jacovides CL, George A, Culkin MC, Ahmed S, Kumar MA, Kaplan LJ, Smith DH, Pascual JL. Beta blockade in TBI: Dose-dependent reductions in BBB leukocyte mobilization and permeability in vivo. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2022; 92:781-791. [PMID: 35045056 PMCID: PMC9038675 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is accompanied by a hyperadrenergic catecholamine state that can cause penumbral neuroinflammation. Prospective human studies demonstrate improved TBI survival with beta blockade (bb), although mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that deranged post-TBI penumbral blood brain barrier (BBB) leukocyte mobilization and permeability are improved by bb. METHODS CD1 male mice (n = 64) were randomly assigned to severe TBI-controlled cortical impact: 6 m/s velocity, 1 mm depth, 3 mm diameter-or sham craniotomy, and IP injection of either saline or propranolol (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg) every 12 hours for 2 days. At 48 hours, in vivo pial intravital microscopy visualized live endothelial-leukocyte (LEU) interactions and BBB microvascular leakage. Twice daily clinical recovery was assessed by regaining of lost body weight and the Garcia Neurological Test (motor, sensory, reflex, balance assessments). Brain edema was determined by hemispheric wet-to-dry ratios. RESULTS Propranolol after TBI reduced both in vivo LEU rolling and BBB permeability in a dose-dependent fashion compared with no treatment (p < 0.001). Propranolol reduced cerebral edema (p < 0.001) and hastened recovery of lost body weight at 48 hours (p < 0.01). Compared with no treatment (14.9 ± 0.2), 24-hour Garcia Neurologic Test scores were improved with 2 (15.8 ± 0.2, p = 0.02) and 4 (16.1 ± 0.1, p = 0.001) but not with 1 mg/kg propranolol. CONCLUSION Propranolol administration reduces post-TBI LEU mobilization and microvascular permeability in the murine penumbral neurovasculature and leads to reduced cerebral edema. This is associated with hastened recovery of post-TBI weight loss and neurologic function with bb treatment. Dose-dependent effects frame a mechanistic relationship between bb and improved human outcomes after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J. Lopez
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohamed ElSaadani
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina L. Jacovides
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anastasia George
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew C. Culkin
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Syed Ahmed
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monisha A. Kumar
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lewis J. Kaplan
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Douglas H. Smith
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jose L. Pascual
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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8
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Rossi EM, Ávila RA, Carneiro MTWD, Almenara CCP, Dos Santos L. Chronic Iron Overload Restrains the Benefits of Aerobic Exercise to the Vasculature. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:521-534. [PMID: 32124228 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise is a well-recognized effective non-pharmacological therapy for cardiovascular diseases. However, because iron is essential element in many physiological processes including hemoglobin and myoglobin synthesis, thereby playing a role on oxygen transport, many athletes use iron supplement to improve physical performance. Regarding this, iron overload is associated with oxidative stress and damage to various systems, including cardiovascular. Thus, we aimed to identify the vascular effects of aerobic exercise in a rat model of iron overload. Male Wistar rats were treated with 100 mg/kg/day iron-dextran, i.p., 5 days a week for 4 weeks, and then underwent aerobic exercise protocol on a treadmill at moderate intensity, 60 min/day, 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Exercise reduced vasoconstrictor response of isolated aortic rings by increasing participation of nitric oxide (NO) and reducing oxidative stress, but these benefits to the vasculature were not observed in rats previously subjected to iron overload. The reduced vasoconstriction in the exercised group was reversed by incubation with superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor, suggesting that increased SOD activity by exercise was lost in iron overload rats. Iron overload groups increased serum levels of iron, transferrin saturation, and iron deposition in the liver, gastrocnemius muscle, and aorta, and the catalase was overexpressed in the aorta probably as a compensatory mechanism to the increased oxidative stress. In conclusion, despite the known beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on vasculature, our results indicate that previous iron overload impeded the anticontractile effect mediated by increased NO bioavailability and endogenous antioxidant response due to exercise protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilly Martinelli Rossi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitoria, ES, 29040-091, Brazil
| | - Renata Andrade Ávila
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitoria, ES, 29040-091, Brazil
- Faculdades Integradas São Pedro (FAESA), Av. Vitória, 2220, Vitoria, ES, 29053-360, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza W D Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitoria, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Camila C P Almenara
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitoria, ES, 29040-091, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitoria, ES, 29040-091, Brazil.
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9
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Preface to Hearts Special Issue “Nutrient Deficiency and Drug Induced Cardiac Injury and Dysfunction”. HEARTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/hearts1030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac injury manifested as either systolic or diastolic dysfunction is considered an important preceding stage that leads to or is associated with eventual heart failure (HF) [...]
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Deficiency in gp91Phox (NOX2) Protects against Oxidative Stress and Cardiac Dysfunction in Iron Overloaded Mice. HEARTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/hearts1020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of NADPH oxidase subunit, gp91phox (NOX2) in development of oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction due to iron (Fe)-overload was assessed. Control (C57BL/6J) and gp91phox knockout (KO) mice were treated for up to 8 weeks with Fe (2.5 mg/g/wk, i.p.) or Na-dextran; echocardiography, plasma 8-isoprostane (lipid peroxidation marker), cardiac Fe accumulation (Perl’s staining), and CD11b+ (WBCs) infiltrates were assessed. Fe caused no adverse effects on cardiac function at 3 weeks. At 6 weeks, significant declines in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (14.6% lower), and fractional shortening (19.6% lower) occurred in the Fe-treated control, but not in KO. Prolonging Fe treatment (8 weeks) maintained the depressed LV systolic function with a trend towards diastolic dysfunction (15.2% lower mitral valve E/A ratio) in controls but produced no impact on the KO. Fe-treatment (8 weeks) caused comparable cardiac Fe accumulation in both strains, but a 3.3-fold elevated plasma 8-isoprostane, and heightened CD11b+ staining in controls. In KO mice, lipid peroxidation and CD11b+ infiltration were 50% and 68% lower, respectively. Thus, gp91phox KO mice were significantly protected against oxidative stress, and systolic and diastolic dysfunction, supporting an important role of NOX2-mediated oxidative stress in causing cardiac dysfunction during Fe overload.
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Nugent WH, Carr DA, Macko AR, Song BK. Physiological and microvascular responses to hemoglobin concentration-targeted hemolytic anemia in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1579-1586. [PMID: 32378976 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00767.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolytic anemia (HA) is reduced blood oxygen-carrying capacity resulting from the depletion of red blood cells. Treatment for severe cases involves transfusion to improve oxygen delivery (Do2), which carries risk. In humans, a total hemoglobin (tHb) concentration of 8 g/dL is severe, and <7 g/dL indicates transfusion. Some evidence suggests that compensatory mechanisms maintaining Do2 are not compromised until <5 g/dL rendering transfusion at 7 g/dL premature. A Sprague-Dawley rat model of phenylhydrazine-induced HA was assessed over decreasing tHb for a Do2 decompensation point. Three groups (100, 50, or 25% tHb, equating to 16.4, 7.4, or 3.2 g/dL) were generated. Cardiopulmonary, blood chemistry, and oxygenation parameters were measured under anesthesia. Vasoconstrictive responsiveness to phenylephrine was assessed in the exteriorized spinotrapezius. For 50% tHb, cardiopulmonary parameters, Do2, and lactate levels were similar to those for 100% tHb. Enhanced vasoconstriction occurred with 50% tHb (P < 0.0001), not 25% tHb. The 25% group showed decreases in cardiopulmonary parameters, Do2, and lactate levels compared with the 100% and 50% groups (P < 0.05). Do2 showed a positive correlation with lactate levels at 25% tHb, but decompensation, defined by peripheral hypoxia, was not reached. This is the first study relating Do2 to tHb in rats. A 50% reduction in tHb was supported by vascular compensation, whereas 25% tHb levied the cardiopulmonary system. A decompensation point was not identified. A rising need for treatment as tHb levels decline below 8 g/dL is evident, but, as compensatory mechanisms remain intact as tHb approaches 3.2 g/dL in rats, a transfusion limit of 5 g/dL in healthy patients is supported.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Early, chronic compensation to severe hemolytic anemia is vascular, switching to cardiopulmonary support as hemoglobin levels decline. Oxygen delivery does not correlate with serum lactate level until total hemoglobin is reduced by 75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Nugent
- Song Biotechnologies, Limited Liability Company, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Danuel A Carr
- Song Biotechnologies, Limited Liability Company, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Antoni R Macko
- Song Biotechnologies, Limited Liability Company, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bjorn K Song
- Song Biotechnologies, Limited Liability Company, Baltimore, Maryland
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The impact of propranolol on nitric oxide and total antioxidant capacity in patients with resistant hypertension-evidence from the APPROPRIATE trial. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:228. [PMID: 32317001 PMCID: PMC7175567 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective was to assess the effect of propranolol on oxidative stress and anti-oxidant potential in patients with resistant hypertension as a secondary analysis of the APPROPRIATE trial. This randomized double blinded clinical trial recruited patients with resistant hypertension and allocated forty patients to propranolol and placebo in 1:1 ratio. The pro-oxidant state (nitrate and nitrite) was assessed using modified Griess assay. The total anti-oxidant capacity was measured using ABTS assay. Results Analysis was performed for 18 patients from the propranolol group and 15 from the placebo group. A decline in end point ambulatory blood pressure (p = 0.031) and greater mean reduction in office SBP (29.7 ± 13.0 mmHg, p = 0.021) was noted in the propranolol arm. Nitrate and nitrite levels were lower at the end of a 90 day follow up period in both arms, with a greater mean reduction with propranolol. A significant increase in the AOC was noted in both arms with higher incremental value with Propranolol. The findings of this study do not demonstrate a statistically significant effect of propranolol on the oxidative stress/antioxidant balance in patients with resistant hypertension. The observed trends merit further evaluation.
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Chmielinska JJ, Kramer JH, Mak IT, Spurney CF, Weglicki WB. Substance P receptor blocker, aprepitant, inhibited cutaneous and other neurogenic inflammation side effects of the EGFR1-TKI, erlotinib. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 465:175-185. [PMID: 31853800 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous changes like rash and hair loss, as well as other neurogenic inflammation side effects, occur frequently during anticancer treatment with the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), erlotinib. These adverse events may be so severe that they impair the patient's compliance with the treatment or even cause its discontinuation. In the current preclinical study, rats (9.2 weeks) were treated with erlotinib (10 mg/kg/day) ± aprepitant (2 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Visual changes in the development of facial skin lesions/hair loss and SP-receptor expression (immunohistochemically) in facial skin tissue were assessed; also changes in plasma magnesium, 8-isoprostane, substance P (SP), neutrophil superoxide production, and cardiac function (echocardiography) were measured. Erlotinib lowered plasma magnesium 14%, elevated SP 65%, caused 3.7-fold higher basal superoxide production, 2.5-fold higher 8-isoprostane levels, 11.6% lower cardiac systolic, and 10.9% lower diastolic function. Facial dermatological changes (alopecia, skin reddening, scabbing, nose crusting) occurred by 4 weeks (± + to ++) in erlotinib-treated rats, and progressively worsened (±++ to +++) by week 12. Facial skin SP-receptor upregulation (78% higher) occurred in epidermal and hair follicle cells. All adverse effects were substantially and significantly mitigated by aprepitant, including a 62% lowering of skin SP-receptors (p < 0.05). Elevated SP levels mediated the side effects of erlotinib treatment, but aprepitant's significant prevention of the systemic and cutaneous adverse events indicates a novel potential therapy against the side effects of this anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna J Chmielinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 439A Ross Hall, 2300 I St., N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
| | - Jay H Kramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 442 Ross Hall, 2300 I St., N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
| | - I-Tong Mak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 441 Ross Hall, 2300 I St., N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
| | - Christopher F Spurney
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - William B Weglicki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
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Ek C, Garbaras A, Yu Z, Oskarsson H, Wiklund AKE, Kumblad L, Gorokhova E. Increase in stable isotope ratios driven by metabolic alterations in amphipods exposed to the beta-blocker propranolol. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211304. [PMID: 31095563 PMCID: PMC6522046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressures, such as contaminant exposure, may affect stable isotope ratios in biota. These changes are driven by alterations in the nutrient allocation and metabolic pathways induced by specific stressors. In a controlled microcosm study with the amphipod Gammarus spp., we studied effects of the β-blocker propranolol on stable isotope signatures (δ15N and δ13C), elemental composition (%C and %N), and growth (protein content and body size) as well as biomarkers of oxidative status (antioxidant capacity, ORAC; lipid peroxidation, TBARS) and neurological activity (acetylcholinesterase, AChE). Based on the known effects of propranolol exposure on cellular functions, i.e., its mode of action (MOA), we expected to observe a lower scope for growth, accompanied by a decrease in protein deposition, oxidative processes and AChE inhibition, with a resulting increase in the isotopic signatures. The observed responses in growth, biochemical and elemental variables supported most of these predictions. In particular, an increase in %N was observed in the propranolol exposures, whereas both protein allocation and body size declined. Moreover, both ORAC and TBARS levels decreased with increasing propranolol concentration, with the decrease being more pronounced for TBARS, which indicates the prevalence of the antioxidative processes. These changes resulted in a significant increase of the δ15N and δ13C values in the propranolol-exposed animals compared to the control. These findings suggest that MOA of β-blockers may be used to predict sublethal effects in non-target species, including inhibited AChE activity, improved oxidative balance, and elevated stable isotope ratios. The latter also indicates that metabolism-driven responses to environmental contaminants can alter stable isotope signatures, which should be taken into account when interpreting trophic interactions in the food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ek
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrius Garbaras
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center for Physical Science and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hanna Oskarsson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, Stockholm University, Svante Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Linda Kumblad
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, Stockholm University, Svante Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Gorokhova
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Taprantzi D, Zisimopoulos D, Thomopoulos KC, Spiliopoulou I, Georgiou CD, Tsiaoussis G, Triantos C, Gogos CA, Labropoulou-Karatza C, Assimakopoulos SF. Propranolol reduces systemic oxidative stress and endotoxemia in cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices. Ann Gastroenterol 2018; 31:224-230. [PMID: 29507470 PMCID: PMC5825953 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of propranolol on systemic oxidative stress and endotoxemia in patients with liver cirrhosis and clinically significant portal hypertension evidenced by the presence of esophageal varices. METHODS Fourteen patients with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices, not previously been treated with non-selective beta-blockers (NSBB), were prospectively started on propranolol and followed up for three months. Serum early and late lipid peroxidation products (lipid hydroperoxides [LOOH] and malondialdehyde [MDA], respectively), and endotoxin concentrations in peripheral blood were measured. Fourteen age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were used as controls. RESULTS Patients with liver cirrhosis presented significantly higher systemic oxidative stress and endotoxin concentrations compared to healthy controls (P<0.001). Propranolol treatment for one month significantly reduced serum MDA (P<0.05), LOOH (P<0.01), and endotoxin levels (P<0.01) compared to pre-treatment values, whilst LOOH reached control levels. At three months of propranolol treatment, serum LOOH did not differ significantly from the one-month values, whilst serum endotoxin and MDA levels were further reduced between 3- and 1-month period (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), with the latter reaching control levels. Amelioration of systemic endotoxemia at the one- and three-month follow-up intervals (compared to pre-treatment values) was not correlated with the respective reductions in serum MDA and LOOH. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that NSBB treatment in liver cirrhosis exerts a significant systemic antioxidant action. This effect seems to be, at least partly, independent of their beneficial effects on intestinal barrier function and endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Taprantzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras (Dimitra Taprantzi, Charalambos A. Gogos, Chrisoula Labropoulou-Karatza, Stelios F. Assimakopoulos), Greece
| | - Dimitrios Zisimopoulos
- Department of Biology, University of Patras (Dimitrios Zisimopoulos, Christos D. Georgiou), Greece
| | - Konstantinos C. Thomopoulos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras (Konstantinos C. Thomopoulos, Georgios Tsiaoussis, Christos Triantos), Greece
| | - Iris Spiliopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Patras (Iris Spiliopoulou), Greece
| | - Christos D. Georgiou
- Department of Biology, University of Patras (Dimitrios Zisimopoulos, Christos D. Georgiou), Greece
| | - Georgios Tsiaoussis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras (Konstantinos C. Thomopoulos, Georgios Tsiaoussis, Christos Triantos), Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras (Konstantinos C. Thomopoulos, Georgios Tsiaoussis, Christos Triantos), Greece
| | - Charalambos A. Gogos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras (Dimitra Taprantzi, Charalambos A. Gogos, Chrisoula Labropoulou-Karatza, Stelios F. Assimakopoulos), Greece
| | - Chrisoula Labropoulou-Karatza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras (Dimitra Taprantzi, Charalambos A. Gogos, Chrisoula Labropoulou-Karatza, Stelios F. Assimakopoulos), Greece
| | - Stelios F. Assimakopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras (Dimitra Taprantzi, Charalambos A. Gogos, Chrisoula Labropoulou-Karatza, Stelios F. Assimakopoulos), Greece
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16
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Reversal of Growth Arrest With the Combined Administration of Oxandrolone and Propranolol in Severely Burned Children. Ann Surg 2017; 264:421-8. [PMID: 27433905 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypercatabolic response in severely burned pediatric patients is associated with increased production of catecholamines and corticosteroids, decreased formation of testosterone, and reduced strength alongside growth arrest for up to 2 years after injury. We have previously shown that, in the pediatric burned population, the administration of the testosterone analog oxandrolone improves lean body mass accretion and bone mineral content and that the administration of the β1-, β2-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol decreases cardiac work and resting energy expenditure while increasing peripheral lean mass. Here, we determined whether the combined administration of oxandrolone and propranolol has added benefit. METHODS In this prospective, randomized study of 612 burned children [52% ± 1% of total body surface area burned, ages 0.5-14 years (boys); ages 0.5-12 years (girls)], we compared controls to the individual administration of these drugs, and the combined administration of oxandrolone and propranolol at the same doses, for 1 year after burn. Data were recorded at discharge, 6 months, and 1 and 2 years after injury. RESULTS Combined use of oxandrolone and propranolol shortened the period of growth arrest by 84 days (P = 0.0125 vs control) and increased growth rate by 1.7 cm/yr (P = 0.0024 vs control). CONCLUSIONS Combined administration of oxandrolone and propranolol attenuates burn-induced growth arrest in pediatric burn patients. The present study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00675714 and NCT00239668.
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Combined Iron Chelator and Antioxidant Exerted Greater Efficacy on Cardioprotection Than Monotherapy in Iron-Overloaded Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159414. [PMID: 27428732 PMCID: PMC4948821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Iron chelators are used to treat iron overload cardiomyopathy patients. However, a direct comparison of the benefits of three common iron chelators (deferoxamine (DFO), deferiprone (DFP) and deferasirox (DFX)) or an antioxidant (N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)) with a combined DFP and NAC treatments on left ventricular (LV) function with iron overload has not been investigated. Methods and Findings Male Wistar rats were fed with either a normal diet or a high iron diet (HFe group) for 4 months. After 2 months, the HFe-fed rats were divided into 6 groups to receive either: a vehicle, DFO (25 mg/kg/day), DFP (75 mg/kg/day), DFX (20 mg/kg/day), NAC (100 mg/kg/day) or the combined DFP and NAC for 2 months. Our results demonstrated that HFe rats had increased plasma non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI), malondialdehyde (MDA), cardiac iron and MDA levels and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to LV dysfunction. Although DFO, DFP, DFX or NAC improved these parameters, leading to improved LV function, the combined DFP and NAC therapy caused greater improvement, leading to more extensively improved LV function. Conclusions The combined DFP and NAC treatment had greater efficacy than monotherapy in cardioprotection through the reduction of cardiac iron deposition and improved cardiac mitochondrial function in iron-overloaded rats.
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Rossi EM, Marques VB, Nunes DDO, Carneiro MTWD, Podratz PL, Merlo E, dos Santos L, Graceli JB. Acute iron overload leads to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis abnormalities in female rats. Toxicol Lett 2015; 240:196-213. [PMID: 26536400 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Iron plays a critical role in a mammal's physiological processes. However, iron tissue deposits have been shown to act as endocrine disrupters. Studies that evaluate the effect of acute iron overload on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis health are particularly sparse. This study demonstrates that acute iron overload leads to HPG axis abnormalities, including iron accumulation and impairment in reproductive tract morphology. Female rats were treated with iron-dextran (Fe rats) to assess their HPG morphophysiology. The increasing serum iron levels due to iron-dextran treatment were positively correlated with higher iron accumulation in the HPG axis and uterus of Fe rats than in control rats. An increase in the production of superoxide anions was observed in the pituitary, uterus and ovary of Fe rats. Morphophysiological reproductive tract abnormalities, such as abnormal ovarian follicular development and the reduction of serum estrogen levels, were observed in Fe rats. In addition, a significant negative correlation was obtained between ovary superoxide anion and serum estrogen levels. Together, these data provide in vivo evidence that acute iron overload is toxic for the HPG axis, a finding that may be associated with the subsequent development of the risk of reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilly M Rossi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius B Marques
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Dieli de O Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo Merlo
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil.
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Marques VB, Nascimento TB, Ribeiro RF, Broseghini-Filho GB, Rossi EM, Graceli JB, dos Santos L. Chronic iron overload in rats increases vascular reactivity by increasing oxidative stress and reducing nitric oxide bioavailability. Life Sci 2015; 143:89-97. [PMID: 26523985 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Iron overload in animal models and humans increases oxidative stress and induces cardiomyopathy. It has been suggested that the vasculature is also damaged, but the impacts on vascular reactivity and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to identify possible changes in the vascular reactivity of aortas from iron overloaded rats and investigate the underlying mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Rats were treated with 100mg/kg/day iron-dextran, ip, five days a week for four weeks and compared to a saline-injected group. KEY FINDINGS Chronic iron administration increased serum iron and transferrin saturation with significant deposition in the liver. Additionally, iron overload significantly increased the vasoconstrictor response in aortic rings as assessed in vitro, with reduced influence of endothelial denudation or l-NAME incubation on the vascular reactivity. In vitro assay with DAF-2 indicated reduced NO production in the iron overload group. Iron overload-induced vascular hyperactivity was reversed by incubation with tiron, catalase, apocynin, allopurinol and losartan. Moreover, malondialdehyde was elevated in the plasma, and O2(•-) generation and NADPH oxidase subunit (p22phox) expression were increased in the aortas of iron-loaded rats. SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrated that chronic iron overload is associated with altered vascular reactivity and the loss of endothelial modulation of the vascular tone. This iron loading-induced endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability may be a result of increased production of reactive oxygen species and local renin-angiotensin system activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Emilly Martinelly Rossi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
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Wongjaikam S, Kumfu S, Chattipakorn SC, Fucharoen S, Chattipakorn N. Current and future treatment strategies for iron overload cardiomyopathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Suwalsky M, Zambrano P, Villena F, Manrique-Moreno M, Gallardo MJ, Jemiola-Rzeminska M, Strzalka K, Edwards AM, Mennickent S, Dukes N. Morphological Effects Induced In Vitro by Propranolol on Human Erythrocytes. J Membr Biol 2015; 248:683-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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O'Neal WT, Efird JT, Landrine H, Anderson CA, Davies SW, O'Neal JB, Ferguson TB, Chitwood WR, Kypson AP. The effect of preoperative β-blocker use and race on long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2013; 28:595-600. [PMID: 24139457 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date, racial differences in the long-term survival of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients who receive preoperative β-blockers have not been specifically examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of preoperative β-blockers on long-term survival among black CABG patients and to compare the magnitude of this effect with white patients. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING A tertiary referral heart hospital. PARTICIPANTS 13,354 patients undergoing CABG between 1992 and 2011. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using a Cox regression model. A total of 1,448 (62%) black and 6,094 (55%) white patients had a history of preoperative β-blocker use. Among black patients, those receiving β-blockers survived longer than those not receiving β-blockers (adjusted HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.67-0.88). The survival advantage was comparable to that observed among white patients (adjusted HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82-0.93). CONCLUSION Black CABG patients benefited from preoperative β-blockers and the magnitude of the effect was comparable to that among white patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley T O'Neal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
| | - Jimmy T Efird
- East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Hope Landrine
- Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Curtis A Anderson
- East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Stephen W Davies
- Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jason B O'Neal
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - T Bruce Ferguson
- East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - W Randolph Chitwood
- East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Alan P Kypson
- East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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Pereira-Leite C, Carneiro C, Soares JX, Afonso C, Nunes C, Lúcio M, Reis S. Biophysical characterization of the drug–membrane interactions: The case of propranolol and acebutolol. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 84:183-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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