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Gerber L, Clow KA, Driedzic WR, Gamperl AK. The Relationship between Myoglobin, Aerobic Capacity, Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity and Mitochondrial Function in Fish Hearts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071072. [PMID: 34356305 PMCID: PMC8301165 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic interactions between nitric oxide (NO) and myoglobin (Mb) in the cardiovascular system have received considerable attention. The loss of Mb, the principal O2 carrier and a NO scavenger/producer, in the heart of some red-blooded fishes provides a unique opportunity for assessing this globin’s role in NO homeostasis and mitochondrial function. We measured Mb content, activities of enzymes of NO and aerobic metabolism [NO Synthase (NOS) and citrate synthase, respectively] and mitochondrial parameters [Complex-I and -I+II respiration, coupling efficiency, reactive oxygen species production/release rates and mitochondrial sensitivity to inhibition by NO (i.e., NO IC50)] in the heart of three species of red-blooded fish. The expression of Mb correlated positively with NOS activity and NO IC50, with low NOS activity and a reduced NO IC50 in the Mb-lacking lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) as compared to the Mb-expressing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and short-horned sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius). Collectively, our data show that NO levels are fine-tuned so that NO homeostasis and mitochondrial function are preserved; indicate that compensatory mechanisms are in place to tightly regulate [NO] and mitochondrial function in a species without Mb; and strongly suggest that the NO IC50 for oxidative phosphorylation is closely related to a fish’s hypoxia tolerance.
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Egginton S, Axelsson M, Crockett EL, O’Brien KM, Farrell AP. Maximum cardiac performance of Antarctic fishes that lack haemoglobin and myoglobin: exploring the effect of warming on nature's natural knockouts. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz049. [PMID: 31620287 PMCID: PMC6788497 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Antarctic notothenioids, some of which lack myoglobin (Mb) and/or haemoglobin (Hb), are considered extremely stenothermal, which raises conservation concerns since Polar regions are warming at unprecedented rates. Without reliable estimates of maximum cardiac output ([Formula: see text]), it is impossible to assess their physiological scope in response to warming seas. Therefore, we compared cardiac performance of two icefish species, Chionodraco rastrospinosus (Hb-Mb+) and Chaenocephalus aceratus (Hb-Mb-), with a related notothenioid, Notothenia coriiceps (Hb+Mb+) using an in situ perfused heart preparation. The maximum [Formula: see text], heart rate (f H), maximum cardiac work (W C) and relative ventricular mass of N. coriiceps at 1°C were comparable to temperate-water teleosts, and acute warming to 4°C increased f H and W C, as expected. In contrast, icefish hearts accommodated a higher maximum stroke volume (V S) and maximum [Formula: see text] at 1°C, but their unusually large hearts had a lower f H and maximum afterload tolerance than N. coriiceps at 1°C. Furthermore, maximum V S, maximum [Formula: see text] and f H were all significantly higher for the Hb-Mb+ condition compared with the Hb-Mb- condition, a potential selective advantage when coping with environmental warming. Like N. coriiceps, both icefish species increased f H at 4°C. Acutely warming C. aceratus increased maximum [Formula: see text], while C. rastrospinosus (like N. coriiceps) held at 4°C for 1 week maintained maximum [Formula: see text] when tested at 4°C. These experiments involving short-term warming should be followed up with long-term acclimation studies, since the maximum cardiac performance of these three Antarctic species studied seem to be tolerant of temperatures in excess of predictions associated with global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Egginton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michael Axelsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | | | - Kristin M O’Brien
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK AK99775, USA
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 124, Canada
- Corresponding author: Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Wilson RE, Menning DM, Wedemeyer K, Talbot SL. A transcriptome resource for the Arctic Cod (Boreogadus saida). Mar Genomics 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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O'Brien KM, Crockett EL, Philip J, Oldham CA, Hoffman M, Kuhn DE, Barry R, McLaughlin J. The loss of hemoglobin and myoglobin does not minimize oxidative stress in Antarctic icefishes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.162503. [PMID: 29361578 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.162503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The unusual pattern of expression of hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb) among Antarctic notothenioid fishes provides an exceptional model system for assessing the impact of these proteins on oxidative stress. We tested the hypothesis that the lack of oxygen-binding proteins may reduce oxidative stress. Levels and activity of pro-oxidants and small-molecule and enzymatic antioxidants, and levels of oxidized lipids and proteins in the liver, oxidative skeletal muscle and heart ventricle were quantified in five species of notothenioid fishes differing in the expression of Hb and Mb. Levels of ubiquitinated proteins and rates of protein degradation by the 20S proteasome were also quantified. Although levels of oxidized proteins and lipids, ubiquitinated proteins, and antioxidants were higher in red-blooded fishes than in Hb-less icefishes in some tissues, this pattern did not persist across all tissues. Expression of Mb was not associated with oxidative damage in the heart ventricle, whereas the activity of citrate synthase and the contents of heme were positively correlated with oxidative damage in most tissues. Despite some tissue differences in levels of protein carbonyls among species, rates of degradation by the 20S proteasome were not markedly different, suggesting either alternative pathways for eliminating oxidized proteins or that redox tone varies among species. Together, our data indicate that the loss of Hb and Mb does not correspond with a clear pattern of either reduced oxidative defense or oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M O'Brien
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA
| | | | - Jacques Philip
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA
| | - Corey A Oldham
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA
| | - Megan Hoffman
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA
| | - Donald E Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
| | - Ronald Barry
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA
| | - Jessica McLaughlin
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA
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Macqueen DJ, Garcia de la Serrana D, Johnston IA. Cardiac myoglobin deficit has evolved repeatedly in teleost fishes. Biol Lett 2014; 10:20140225. [PMID: 24919701 PMCID: PMC4090546 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoglobin (Mb) is the classic vertebrate oxygen-binding protein present in aerobic striated muscles. It functions principally in oxygen delivery and provides muscle with its characteristic red colour. Members of the Antarctic icefish family (Channichthyidae) are widely thought to be extraordinary for lacking cardiac Mb expression, a fact that has been attributed to their low metabolic rate and unusual evolutionary history. Here, we report that cardiac Mb deficit, associated with pale heart colour, has evolved repeatedly during teleost evolution. This trait affects both gill- and air-breathing species from temperate to tropical habitats across a full range of salinities. Cardiac Mb deficit results from total pseudogenization in three-spined stickleback and is associated with a massive reduction in mRNA level in two species that evidently retain functional Mb. The results suggest that near or complete absence of Mb-assisted oxygen delivery to heart muscle is a common facet of teleost biodiversity, even affecting lineages with notable oxygen demands. We suggest that Mb deficit may affect how different teleost species deal with increased tissue oxygen demands arising under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Macqueen
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
| | | | - Ian A Johnston
- Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
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My journey with Bruce Sidell. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 160:443-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Driedzic WR. My journey with Bruce Sidell. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 160:117-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fraser J, Vieira de Mello L, Ward D, Rees HH, Williams DR, Fang Y, Brass A, Gracey AY, Cossins AR. Hypoxia-inducible myoglobin expression in nonmuscle tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:2977-81. [PMID: 16469844 PMCID: PMC1413783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0508270103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoglobin (Myg) is an oxygen-binding hemoprotein that is widely thought to be expressed exclusively in oxidative skeletal and cardiac myocytes, where it plays a key role in coping with chronic hypoxia. We now show in a hypoxia-tolerant fish model, that Myg is also expressed in a range of other tissues, including liver, gill, and brain. Moreover, expression of Myg transcript was substantially enhanced during chronic hypoxia, the fold-change induction being far greater in liver than muscle. By using 2D gel electrophoresis, we have confirmed that liver expresses a protein corresponding to the Myg-1 transcript and that it is significantly up-regulated during hypoxia. We have also discovered a second, unique Myg isoform, distinct from neuroglobin, which is expressed exclusively in the neural tissue but whose transcript expression was unaffected by environmental hypoxia. Both observations of nonmuscle expression and a brain-specific isoform are unprecedented, indicating that Myg may play a much wider role than previously understood and that Myg might function in the protection of tissues from deep hypoxia and ischemia as well as in reoxygenation and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Fraser
- *School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Luciane Vieira de Mello
- *School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; and
| | - Deborah Ward
- *School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Huw H. Rees
- *School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Daryl R. Williams
- *School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Yongchang Fang
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil 70770-900
| | - Andrew Brass
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil 70770-900
| | - Andrew Y. Gracey
- *School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Cossins
- *School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
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Ueki N, Chow CJ, Ochiai Y. Characterization of bullet tuna myoglobin with reference to the thermostability-structure relationship. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:4968-75. [PMID: 15941343 DOI: 10.1021/jf050261y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Myoglobin (Mb) was isolated from bullet tuna (Auxis rochei) skeletal muscle and characterized from the viewpoint of the thermostability-structure relationship. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement showed that the thermostability of bullet tuna Mb was the lowest among all the scombridae fish Mbs so far examined. The highest value (72.8 degrees C) of melting temperature (Tm) was obtained at pH 6.52. alpha-Helical content at 10 degrees C was 34.5%, clearly lower than that of horse Mb (55.3%). The amino acid sequence was then deduced by cloning cDNA which encodes bullet tuna Mb. Bullet tuna Mb consisted of 147 amino acids, and the sequence identity was very close to that of skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) Mb (91.8%). A few amino acid substitutions, which could be involved in stability difference of Mb, were recognized. By mass spectrometry of lysyl endoproteinase digest of Mb, the N-terminus was found to be acetylated like that of other fish Mbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Ueki
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Antarctic Fish Skeletal Muscle and Locomotion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(04)22008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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