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Cairns NA, Cicchino AS, Stewart KA, Austin JD, Lougheed SC. Cytonuclear discordance, reticulation and cryptic diversity in one of North America's most common frogs. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 156:107042. [PMID: 33338660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Complicated phylogenetic histories benefit from diverse sources of inference. Pseudacris crucifer (spring peeper) spans most of eastern North America and comprises six mtDNA lineages that form multiple contact zones. The putative Miocene or early Pliocene origins of the oldest lineages within Pseudacris crucifer imply sufficient time for species-level divergence. To understand why this species appears unified while congeners have radiated, we analyze and compare male advertisement calls, mitochondrial, and nuclear markers and speak to the complex processes that have potentially influenced its contemporary patterns. We find extensive geographic and topological mitonuclear discordance, with three nuclear lineages containing 6 more-structured mtDNA lineages, and nuclear introgression at some contact zones. Male advertisement call differentiation is incongruent with the genetic structure as only one lineage appears differentiated. Occupying the Interior Highlands of the central United States, this Western lineage also has the most concordant mitochondrial and nuclear geographic patterns. Based on our findings we suggest that the antiquity of common ancestors was not as important as the maintenance of allopatry in the divergence in P. crucifer genetic lineages. We use multiple lines of evidence to generate hypotheses of isolation, reticulation, and discordance within this species and to expand our understanding of the early stages of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Cairns
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - A S Cicchino
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, United States.
| | - K A Stewart
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 904 Science Park, 1098XH Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands
| | - J D Austin
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - S C Lougheed
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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2
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Shahzad K, Liu M, Zhao Y, Zhang T, Liu J, Li Z. Evolutionary history of endangered and relict tree species Dipteronia sinensis in response to geological and climatic events in the Qinling Mountains and adjacent areas. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:14052-14066. [PMID: 33391701 PMCID: PMC7771168 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Geological and climatic events are considered to profoundly affect the evolution and lineage divergence of plant species. However, the evolutionary histories of tree species that have responded to past geological and climate oscillations in central China's mountainous areas remain mostly unknown. In this study, we assessed the evolutionary history of the endangered and relict tree species Dipteronia sinensis in the Qinling Mountains (QM) and adjacent areas in East Asia based on variations in the complete chloroplast genomes (cpDNA) and reduced-genomic scale single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Population structure and phylogenetic analysis based on the cpDNA variations suggested that D. sinensis could be divided into two intraspecific genetic lineages in the eastern and western sides of the QM (EQM and WQM, respectively) in East Asia. Molecular dating suggested that the intraspecific divergence of D. sinensis occurred approximately 39.2 million years ago during the later Paleogene. It was significantly correlated with the orogeny of the QM, where the formation of this significant geographic barrier in the region may have led to the divergence of independent lineages. Bayesian clustering and demographic analysis showed that intraspecific gene flow was restricted between the EQM and WQM lineages. Isolation-with-migration analysis indicated that the two genetic lineages experienced significant demographic expansions after the Pleistocene ice ages. However, the genetic admixture was determined in some populations between the two lineages by the large scale of SNP variations due to DNA incompatibility, the large significant population size, and rapid gene flow of nuclear DNA markers. Our results suggest that two different conservation and management units should be constructed for D. sinensis in the EQM and WQM areas. These findings provide novel insights into the unprecedented effects of tectonic changes and climatic oscillations on lineage divergence and plant population evolution in the QM and adjacent areas in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Shahzad
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Mi‐Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yu‐He Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ting‐Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jian‐Ni Liu
- Department of GeologyEarly Life InstituteState Key Laboratory of Continental DynamicsNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhong‐Hu Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
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Ashfaq M, Blagoev G, Tahir HM, Khan AM, Mukhtar MK, Akhtar S, Butt A, Mansoor S, Hebert PDN. Assembling a DNA barcode reference library for the spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Pakistan. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217086. [PMID: 31116764 PMCID: PMC6530854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphological study of 1,795 spiders from sites across Pakistan placed these specimens in 27 families and 202 putative species. COI sequences >400 bp recovered from 1,782 specimens were analyzed using neighbor-joining trees, Bayesian inference, barcode gap, and Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). Specimens of 109 morphological species were assigned to 123 BINs with ten species showing BIN splits, while 93 interim species included representatives of 98 BINs. Maximum conspecific divergences ranged from 0-5.3% while congeneric distances varied from 2.8-23.2%. Excepting one species pair (Oxyopes azhari-Oxyopes oryzae), the maximum intraspecific distance was always less than the nearest-neighbor (NN) distance. Intraspecific divergence values were not significantly correlated with geographic distance. Most (75%) BINs detected in this study were new to science, while those shared with other nations mainly derived from India. The discovery of many new, potentially endemic species and the low level of BIN overlap with other nations highlight the importance of constructing regional DNA barcode reference libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashfaq
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Gergin Blagoev
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Arif M. Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Saleem Akhtar
- Directorate of Entomology, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abida Butt
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Smith SL, Senn HV, Pérez‐Espona S, Wyman MT, Heap E, Pemberton JM. Introgression of exotic Cervus ( nippon and canadensis) into red deer ( Cervus elaphus) populations in Scotland and the English Lake District. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2122-2134. [PMID: 29468030 PMCID: PMC5817139 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the mid-19th century, multiple introductions of Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon nippon) and North American wapiti (C. canadensis) have taken place in the British Isles. While wapiti have generally been unsuccessful, sika have been very successful, especially in Scotland where they now overlap at least 40% of the range of native red deer (C. elaphus). Hybridization between these two species and red deer has been demonstrated in captivity and in the wild. Using a panel of 22 microsatellite loci that are highly diagnostic between red deer and sika, and moderately diagnostic between red deer and wapiti, we investigated the extent of introgression between these species in 2,943 deer sampled from around Scotland and from the English Lake District using the Bayesian clustering software STRUCTURE. We also used a diagnostic mitochondrial marker for red deer and sika. Our survey extends previous studies indicating little introgression of wapiti nuclear alleles into red deer, in particular in Northern Scotland, Kintyre, and the Lake District. We found a new area of extensive sika introgression in South Kintyre. In the North Highlands, we show for the first time geographically scattered evidence of past hybridization followed by extensive backcrossing, including one red-like individual with sika introgression, two sika-like individuals with red deer introgression, and six individuals that were apparently pure sika at the nuclear markers assessed but which carried red deer mitochondria. However, there has not been a collapse of assortative mating in this region. Similarly, in the English Lake District red deer, we found only traces of past sika introgression. No sika alleles were detected in the Central Highlands or the Hebridean red deer refugia. We make suggestions for management to prevent further spread of sika alleles into red deer and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Smith
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Helen V. Senn
- WildGenes LaboratoryRoyal Zoological Society of ScotlandEdinburghUK
| | | | - Megan T. Wyman
- Mammal Vocal Communication and Cognition ResearchSchool of PsychologyUniversity of SussexFalmerUK
| | - Elizabeth Heap
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Josephine M. Pemberton
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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Moran PA, Ritchie MG, Bailey NW. A rare exception to Haldane's rule: Are X chromosomes key to hybrid incompatibilities? Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 118:554-562. [PMID: 28098850 PMCID: PMC5436020 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Haldane's rule suggests that sex chromosomes commonly have a key role in reproductive barriers and speciation. However, the majority of research on Haldane's rule has been conducted in species with conventional sex determination systems (XY and ZW) and exceptions to the rule have been understudied. Here we test the role of X-linked incompatibilities in a rare exception to Haldane's rule for female sterility in field cricket sister species (Teleogryllus oceanicus and T. commodus). Both have an XO sex determination system. Using three generations of crosses, we introgressed X chromosomes from each species onto different, mixed genomic backgrounds to test predictions about the fertility and viability of each cross type. We predicted that females with two different species X chromosomes would suffer reduced fertility and viability compared with females with two parental X chromosomes. However, we found no strong support for such X-linked incompatibilities. Our results preclude X-X incompatibilities and instead support an interchromosomal epistatic basis to hybrid female sterility. We discuss the broader implications of these findings, principally whether deviations from Haldane's rule might be more prevalent in species without dimorphic sex chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Moran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - M G Ritchie
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - N W Bailey
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK
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Sánchez-Guillén RA, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Hansson B, Ott J, Wellenreuther M. Evolutionary consequences of climate-induced range shifts in insects. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:1050-1064. [PMID: 26150047 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Range shifts can rapidly create new areas of geographic overlap between formerly allopatric taxa and evidence is accumulating that this can affect species persistence. We review the emerging literature on the short- and long-term consequences of these geographic range shifts. Specifically, we focus on the evolutionary consequences of novel species interactions in newly created sympatric areas by describing the potential (i) short-term processes acting on reproductive barriers between species and (ii) long-term consequences of range shifts on the stability of hybrid zones, introgression and ultimately speciation and extinction rates. Subsequently, we (iii) review the empirical literature on insects to evaluate which processes have been studied, and (iv) outline some areas that deserve increased attention in the future, namely the genomics of hybridisation and introgression, our ability to forecast range shifts and the impending threat from insect vectors and pests on biodiversity, human health and crop production. Our review shows that species interactions in de novo sympatric areas can be manifold, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing species diversity. A key issue that emerges is that climate-induced hybridisations in insects are much more widespread than anticipated and that rising temperatures and increased anthropogenic disturbances are accelerating the process of species mixing. The existing evidence only shows the tip of the iceberg and we are likely to see many more cases of species mixing following range shifts in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa A Sánchez-Guillén
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 223 62, Sweden. .,Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto of Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 70 275, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto of Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 70 275, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Bengt Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Ott
- L.U.P.O. GmbH, 67705, Trippstadt, Germany
| | - Maren Wellenreuther
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 223 62, Sweden.,Plant and Food Research, Nelson, 7043, New Zealand
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Kol-Maimon H, Ghanim M, Franco JC, Mendel Z. Evidence for gene flow between two sympatric mealybug species (Insecta; Coccoidea; Pseudococcidae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e88433. [PMID: 24523894 PMCID: PMC3921159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of inter-species hybrids in natural populations might be evidence of gene flow between species. In the present study we found evidence of gene flow between two sympatric, genetically related scale insect species--the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) and the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus (Signoret). These species can be distinguished by morphological, behavioral, and molecular traits. We employed the sex pheromones of the two respective species to study their different patterns of male attraction. We also used nuclear ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) and mitochondrial COI (Cytochrome c oxidase sub unit 1) DNA sequences to characterize populations of the two species, in order to demonstrate the outcome of a possible gene flow between feral populations of the two species. Our results showed attraction to P. ficus pheromones of all tested populations of P. citri males but not vice versa. Furthermore, ITS2 sequences revealed the presence of 'hybrid females' among P. citri populations but not among those of P. ficus. 'hybrid females' from P. citri populations identified as P. citri females according to COI sequences. We offer two hypotheses for these results. 1) The occurrence of phenotypic and genotypic traits of P. ficus in P. citri populations may be attributed to both ancient and contemporary gene flow between their populations; and 2) we cannot rule out that an ancient sympatric speciation by which P. ficus emerged from P. citri might have led to the present situation of shared traits between these species. In light of these findings we also discuss the origin of the studied species and the importance of the pherotype phenomenon as a tool with which to study genetic relationships between congener scale insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hofit Kol-Maimon
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center (ARO), Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center (ARO), Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - José Carlos Franco
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia de Biossistemas/Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Zvi Mendel
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center (ARO), Bet Dagan, Israel
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DUPUIS JULIANR, ROE AMANDAD, SPERLING FELIXAH. Multi-locus species delimitation in closely related animals and fungi: one marker is not enough. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:4422-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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9
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LEO SARAHST, CHENG LANNA, SPERLING FELIXAH. Genetically separate populations of the ocean-skater Halobates sericeus (Heteroptera: Gerridae) have been maintained since the late Pleistocene. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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MATTOCCIA MARCO, MARTA SILVIO, ROMANO ANTONIO, SBORDONI VALERIO. Phylogeography of an Italian endemic salamander (genus Salamandrina): glacial refugia, postglacial expansions, and secondary contact. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Carvalho-Costa L, Piorski N, Willis S, Galetti P, Ortí G. Molecular systematics of the neotropical shovelnose catfish genus Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker 1862 based on nuclear and mtDNA markers. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 59:177-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Schilthuizen M, Giesbers MCWG, Beukeboom LW. Haldane's rule in the 21st century. Heredity (Edinb) 2011; 107:95-102. [PMID: 21224879 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2010.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Haldane's Rule (HR), which states that 'when in the offspring of two different animal races one sex is absent, rare, or sterile, that sex is the heterozygous (heterogametic) sex', is one of the most general patterns in speciation biology. We review the literature of the past 15 years and find that among the ∼85 new studies, many consider taxa that traditionally have not been the focus for HR investigations. The new studies increased to nine, the number of 'phylogenetically independent' groups that comply with HR. They continue to support the dominance and faster-male theories as explanations for HR, although due to increased reliance on indirect data (from, for example, differential introgression of cytoplasmic versus chromosomal loci in natural hybrid zones) unambiguous novel results are rare. We further highlight how research on organisms with sex determination systems different from those traditionally considered may lead to more insight in the underlying causes of HR. In particular, haplodiploid organisms provide opportunities for testing specific predictions of the dominance and faster X chromosome theory, and we present new data that show that the faster-male component of HR is supported in hermaphrodites, suggesting that genes involved in male function may evolve faster than those expressed in the female function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schilthuizen
- Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity, Naturalis, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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13
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Leo SST, Pybus MJ, Sperling FAH. Deep mitochondrial DNA lineage divergences within Alberta populations of Dermacentor albipictus (Acari: Ixodidae) do not indicate distinct species. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2010. [PMID: 20695271 PMCID: PMC7027266 DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/47.4.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The winter tick Dermacentor albipictus (Packard) has a single-host life cycle that allows it to reach severe infestation levels on ungulates, particularly moose. Genotypic variation within these and related ticks has been a source of taxonomic confusion, although the continuity in their morphology and life history has generally been interpreted as indicating the existence of a single species. To further investigate this variation, we sequenced regions of two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes (COI and 16S rDNA),two nuclear genes (lysozyme and ITS-2), and two bacterial markers from Francisella-like endosymbionts found in these ticks (eubacterial mtDNA 16S rRNA and a homolog of Francisella tularensis [Dorofe'ev] 17-kDa lipoprotein). We sampled 42 D. albipictus individuals from whitetail and mule deer culled from three populations in east-central Alberta, as well as four D. albipictus and two Dermacentor variabilis (Say) from other locations. We then compared DNA sequence variation between the genes and related this to variation in the morphology of spiracle plates. Both mtDNA regions indicated two deeply diverged lineages (mean difference of 7.1% for COI and 4.5% for 16S) that would normally be considered diagnostic of distinct species in DNA barcoding studies. However, very little divergence was revealed by nuclear gene sequences, bacterial endosymbionts, and morphometric analyses, and any variation that did occur in these markers was not congruent with mtDNA divergences. We conclude that the sampled populations in Alberta represent a single species, D. albipictus, and reiterate the importance of integrative approaches in species delimitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S T Leo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW 405 Biological Sciences Center, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
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Ellison CK, Burton RS. Cytonuclear conflict in interpopulation hybrids: the role of RNA polymerase in mtDNA transcription and replication. J Evol Biol 2010; 23:528-38. [PMID: 20070459 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Organismal fitness requires functional integration of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Structural and regulatory elements coevolve within lineages and several studies have found that interpopulation hybridization disrupts mitonuclear interactions. Because mitochondrial RNA polymerase (mtRPOL) plays key roles in both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and transcription, the interaction between mtRPOL and coevolved regulatory sites in the mtDNA may be central to mitonuclear integration. Here, we generate interpopulation hybrids between divergent populations of the copepod Tigriopus californicus to obtain lines having different combinations of mtRPOL and mtDNA. Lines were scored for mtDNA copy number and ATP6 (mtDNA) gene expression. We find that there is a genotype-dependent negative association between mitochondrial transcriptional response and mtDNA copy number. We argue that an observed increase in mtDNA copy number and reduced mtDNA transcription in hybrids reflects the regulatory role of mtRPOL; depending on the mitonuclear genotype, hybridization may disrupt the normal balance between transcription and replication of the mitochondrial genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Ellison
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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15
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Petit RJ, Excoffier L. Gene flow and species delimitation. Trends Ecol Evol 2009; 24:386-93. [PMID: 19409650 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Plötner J, Uzzell T, Beerli P, Spolsky C, Ohst T, Litvinchuk SN, Guex GD, Reyer HU, Hotz H. Widespread unidirectional transfer of mitochondrial DNA: a case in western Palaearctic water frogs. J Evol Biol 2008; 21:668-81. [PMID: 18373588 PMCID: PMC2505272 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interspecies transfer of mitochondrial (mt) DNA is a common phenomenon in plants, invertebrates and vertebrates, normally linked with hybridization of closely related species in zones of sympatry or parapatry. In central Europe, in an area north of 48 degrees N latitude and between 8 degrees and 22 degrees E longitude, western Palaearctic water frogs show massive unidirectional introgression of mtDNA: 33.7% of 407 Rana ridibunda possessed mtDNA specific for Rana lessonae. By contrast, no R. lessonae with R. ridibunda mtDNA was observed. That R. ridibunda with introgressed mitochondrial genomes were found exclusively within the range of the hybrid Rana esculenta and that most hybrids had lessonae mtDNA (90.4% of 335 individuals investigated) is evidence that R. esculenta serves as a vehicle for transfer of lessonae mtDNA into R. ridibunda. Such introgression has occurred several times independently. The abundance and wide distribution of individuals with introgressed mitochondrial genomes show that R. lessonae mt genomes work successfully in a R. ridibunda chromosomal background despite their high sequence divergence from R. ridibunda mtDNAs (14.2-15.2% in the ND2/ND3 genes). Greater effectiveness of enzymes encoded by R. lessonae mtDNA may be advantageous to individuals of R. ridibunda and probably R. esculenta in the northern parts of their ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Plötner
- Museum für Naturkunde, Zoologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Di Candia MR, Routman EJ. Cytonuclear discordance across a leopard frog contact zone. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2007; 45:564-75. [PMID: 17689987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a genetic analysis of the extent of hybridization within and outside a contact zone between two North American leopard frogs, Rana blairi and Rana pipiens by comparing distribution patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear haplotypes. The contact zone, located between South Dakota, Nebraska, and Iowa, USA, was previously examined using morphological data in the 1970s, leading to the conclusion that hybridization was rare between R. pipiens and R. blairi. Our genetic analysis of 51 populations (611 samples) shows strong cytonuclear discordance. Mitochondrial-haplotype distribution matches the same pattern as the documented species spatial distributions based on morphology. However, the geographic distribution of the nuclear haplotypes reveals asymmetrical swamping of the R. pipiens nuclear haplotypes by R. blairi haplotypes. Phylogenetic analyses of both mitochondrial and nuclear markers provide strong evidence for the presence of R. blairi-R. pipiens introgression for the nuclear marker. A pattern of mitochondrial isolation with nuclear introgression is extremely unusual, and predicted to occur much less often than the reverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rita Di Candia
- San Francisco State University, Department of Biology, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
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Roe AD, Sperling FAH. Population structure and species boundary delimitation of crypticDioryctriamoths: an integrative approach. Mol Ecol 2007; 16:3617-33. [PMID: 17845435 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accurate delimitation of species boundaries is especially important in cryptic taxa where one or more character sources are uninformative or are in conflict. Rather than relying on a single marker to delimit species, integrative taxonomy uses multiple lines of evidence such as molecular, morphological, behavioural and geographic characters to test species limits. We examine the effectiveness of this approach by testing the delimitation of two cryptic Nearctic species of Dioryctria (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) using three independent molecular markers [cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), second internal transcribed spacer unit (ITS2), and elongation factor 1alpha (EF1alpha)], forewing variation and larval host plant association. Although mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes do not form reciprocally monophyletic clades, restricted gene flow between COI haplotype groups, and concordance with ITS2 genotypes, forewing variation and host plant associations support delimitation of two Nearctic species: eastern Dioryctria reniculelloides and western Dioryctria pseudotsugella. Conversely, EF1alpha genotype variation was incongruent with the two previous markers. A case of discordance between COI and ITS2 was detected, suggesting either introgression due to hybridization or retained ancestral polymorphism due to incomplete coalescence. This study is consistent with other similar literature where molecular loci in closely related species progress from shared to fixed haplotypes/alleles, and from polyphyletic to reciprocally monophyletic relationships, although loci may vary in these characteristics despite maintenance of genomic integrity between distinct species. In particular, mtDNA in other studies generally showed a lower rate of fixation of differences than did X-linked or autosomal loci, reinforcing the need to use an integrative approach for delimiting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D Roe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9.
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DAMGAARD JAKOB, CHRISTIANSEN PER. Genital morphology and taxonomy of the water strider Aquarius remigis (Say) (Insecta, Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Gerridae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pringle A, Baker DM, Platt JL, Wares JP, Latgé JP, Taylor JW. CRYPTIC SPECIATION IN THE COSMOPOLITAN AND CLONAL HUMAN PATHOGENIC FUNGUS ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS. Evolution 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pringle A, Baker DM, Platt JL, Wares JP, Latgé JP, Taylor JW. CRYPTIC SPECIATION IN THE COSMOPOLITAN AND CLONAL HUMAN PATHOGENIC FUNGUS ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS. Evolution 2005. [DOI: 10.1554/04-241.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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