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Frugone MJ, Cole TL, López ME, Clucas G, Matos‐Maraví P, Lois NA, Pistorius P, Bonadonna F, Trathan P, Polanowski A, Wienecke B, Raya‐Rey A, Pütz K, Steinfurth A, Bi K, Wang‐Claypool CY, Waters JM, Bowie RCK, Poulin E, Vianna JA. Taxonomy based on limited genomic markers may underestimate species diversity of rockhopper penguins and threaten their conservation. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María José Frugone
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB) Santiago Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Theresa L. Cole
- Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - María Eugenia López
- Department of Aquatic Resources Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Drottningholm Sweden
| | - Gemma Clucas
- Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Pável Matos‐Maraví
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of Entomology České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Nicolás A. Lois
- Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología Genética y Evolución de Buenos AiresConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Pierre Pistorius
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology Department of Zoology Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Raya‐Rey
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CADIC‐CONICET) Ushuaia Argentina
- Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx NY USA
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego Ushuaia Argentina
| | | | - Antje Steinfurth
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Cambridge UK
| | - Ke Bi
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Cynthia Y. Wang‐Claypool
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | | | - Rauri C. K. Bowie
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Elie Poulin
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB) Santiago Chile
| | - Juliana A. Vianna
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileCenter for Genome RegulationFacultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería ForestalDepartamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente Santiago Chile
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2
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Tyler J, Bonfitto MT, Clucas GV, Reddy S, Younger JL. Morphometric and genetic evidence for four species of gentoo penguin. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:13836-13846. [PMID: 33391684 PMCID: PMC7771148 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) are found across the Southern Ocean with a circumpolar distribution and notable genetic and morphological variation across their geographic range. Whether this geographic variation represents species-level diversity has yet to be investigated in an integrative taxonomic framework. Here, we show that four distinct populations of gentoo penguins (Iles Kerguelen, Falkland Islands, South Georgia, and South Shetlands/Western Antarctic Peninsula) are genetically and morphologically distinct from one another. We present here a revised taxonomic treatment including formal nomenclatural changes. We suggest the designation of four species of gentoo penguin: P. papua in the Falkland Islands, P. ellsworthi in the South Shetland Islands/Western Antarctic Peninsula, P. taeniata in Iles Kerguelen, and a new gentoo species P. poncetii, described herein, in South Georgia. These findings of cryptic diversity add to many other such findings across the avian tree of life in recent years. Our results further highlight the importance of reassessing species boundaries as methodological advances are made, particularly for taxa of conservation concern. We recommend reassessment by the IUCN of each species, particularly P. taeniata and P. poncetii, which both show evidence of decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Tyler
- Department of Biology & BiochemistryMilner Centre for EvolutionUniversity of BathBathUK
| | | | - Gemma V. Clucas
- Cornell Lab of OrnithologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for a Sustainable FutureCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Sushma Reddy
- Bell Museum of Natural HistoryDepartment of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Jane L. Younger
- Department of Biology & BiochemistryMilner Centre for EvolutionUniversity of BathBathUK
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3
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Update on the global abundance and distribution of breeding Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua). Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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4
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Levy H, Fiddaman SR, Vianna JA, Noll D, Clucas GV, Sidhu JKH, Polito MJ, Bost CA, Phillips RA, Crofts S, Miller GD, Pistorius P, Bonnadonna F, Le Bohec C, Barbosa A, Trathan P, Raya Rey A, Frantz LAF, Hart T, Smith AL. Evidence of Pathogen-Induced Immunogenetic Selection across the Large Geographic Range of a Wild Seabird. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:1708-1726. [PMID: 32096861 PMCID: PMC7253215 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over evolutionary time, pathogen challenge shapes the immune phenotype of the host to better respond to an incipient threat. The extent and direction of this selection pressure depend on the local pathogen composition, which is in turn determined by biotic and abiotic features of the environment. However, little is known about adaptation to local pathogen threats in wild animals. The Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) is a species complex that lends itself to the study of immune adaptation because of its circumpolar distribution over a large latitudinal range, with little or no admixture between different clades. In this study, we examine the diversity in a key family of innate immune genes-the Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-across the range of the Gentoo penguin. The three TLRs that we investigated present varying levels of diversity, with TLR4 and TLR5 greatly exceeding the diversity of TLR7. We present evidence of positive selection in TLR4 and TLR5, which points to pathogen-driven adaptation to the local pathogen milieu. Finally, we demonstrate that two positively selected cosegregating sites in TLR5 are sufficient to alter the responsiveness of the receptor to its bacterial ligand, flagellin. Taken together, these results suggest that Gentoo penguins have experienced distinct pathogen-driven selection pressures in different environments, which may be important given the role of the Gentoo penguin as a sentinel species in some of the world's most rapidly changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Levy
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Juliana A Vianna
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daly Noll
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gemma V Clucas
- Cornell Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Michael J Polito
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Charles A Bost
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS‐Université de La Rochelle, Villiers‐en‐Bois, France
| | | | - Sarah Crofts
- Falklands Conservation, Stanley, Falkland Islands, United Kingdom
| | - Gary D Miller
- Microbiology and Immunology, PALM, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pierre Pistorius
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Francesco Bonnadonna
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Le Bohec
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
- Département de Biologie Polaire, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Andrés Barbosa
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Phil Trathan
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Raya Rey
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laurent A F Frantz
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Hart
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L Smith
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Pertierra LR, Segovia NI, Noll D, Martinez PA, Pliscoff P, Barbosa A, Aragón P, Raya Rey A, Pistorius P, Trathan P, Polanowski A, Bonadonna F, Le Bohec C, Bi K, Wang‐Claypool CY, González‐Acuña D, Dantas GPM, Bowie RCK, Poulin E, Vianna JA. Cryptic speciation in gentoo penguins is driven by geographic isolation and regional marine conditions: Unforeseen vulnerabilities to global change. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis R. Pertierra
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSIC Madrid Spain
| | - Nicolás I. Segovia
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
- Departamento de Biología Marina Facultad de Ciencias del Mar Universidad Católica del Norte Coquimbo Chile
| | - Daly Noll
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Pablo A. Martinez
- PIBi‐Lab Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Sergipe São Cristóvão Brazil
| | - Patricio Pliscoff
- Departamento de Ecología Instituto de Geografía Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Andrés Barbosa
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSIC Madrid Spain
| | - Pedro Aragón
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSIC Madrid Spain
- Facultad de Ciecias Biológicas Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Andrea Raya Rey
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CADIC‐CONICET) Ushuaia Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego Ushuaia Argentina
- Wildlife Conservation Society Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Pierre Pistorius
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology Department of Zoology Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa
| | | | | | - Francesco Bonadonna
- CEFE UMR 5175CNRSUniversité de MontpellierUniversité Paul‐Valéry MontpellierEPHE Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Céline Le Bohec
- Universit de Strasbourg, CNRSIPHC UMR 7178F-67000 Strasbourg France
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco Département de Biologie Polaire Monaco City Monaco
| | - Ke Bi
- Department of Integrative Biology Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Cynthia Y. Wang‐Claypool
- Department of Integrative Biology Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Daniel González‐Acuña
- Laboratorio de Parásitos y Enfermedades de Fauna Silvestre Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad de Concepción Chillán Santiago Chile
| | - Gisele P. M. Dantas
- PPG in Vertebrate Zoology Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Rauri C. K. Bowie
- Department of Integrative Biology Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Elie Poulin
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Juliana A. Vianna
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
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6
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Lombal AJ, O'dwyer JE, Friesen V, Woehler EJ, Burridge CP. Identifying mechanisms of genetic differentiation among populations in vagile species: historical factors dominate genetic differentiation in seabirds. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:625-651. [PMID: 32022401 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the factors underlying the origin and maintenance of genetic variation among populations is crucial for our understanding of their ecology and evolution, and also to help identify conservation priorities. While intrinsic movement has been hypothesized as the major determinant of population genetic structuring in abundant vagile species, growing evidence indicates that vagility does not always predict genetic differentiation. However, identifying the determinants of genetic structuring can be challenging, and these are largely unknown for most vagile species. Although, in principle, levels of gene flow can be inferred from neutral allele frequency divergence among populations, underlying assumptions may be unrealistic. Moreover, molecular studies have suggested that contemporary gene flow has often not overridden historical influences on population genetic structure, which indicates potential inadequacies of any interpretations that fail to consider the influence of history in shaping that structure. This exhaustive review of the theoretical and empirical literature investigates the determinants of population genetic differentiation using seabirds as a model system for vagile taxa. Seabirds provide a tractable group within which to identify the determinants of genetic differentiation, given their widespread distribution in marine habitats and an abundance of ecological and genetic studies conducted on this group. Herein we evaluate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in 73 seabird species. Lack of mutation-drift equilibrium observed in 19% of species coincided with lower estimates of genetic differentiation, suggesting that dynamic demographic histories can often lead to erroneous interpretations of contemporary gene flow, even in vagile species. Presence of land across the species sampling range, or sampling of breeding colonies representing ice-free Pleistocene refuge zones, appear to be associated with genetic differentiation in Tropical and Southern Temperate species, respectively, indicating that long-term barriers and persistence of populations are important for their genetic structuring. Conversely, biotic factors commonly considered to influence population genetic structure, such as spatial segregation during foraging, were inconsistently associated with population genetic differentiation. In light of these results, we recommend that genetic studies should consider potential historical events when identifying determinants of genetic differentiation among populations to avoid overestimating the role of contemporary factors, even for highly vagile taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anicee J Lombal
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - James E O'dwyer
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Vicki Friesen
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 99 University Avenue, Kingston, OL, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Eric J Woehler
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS, 7004, Australia
| | - Christopher P Burridge
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
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7
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Contrasting phylogeographic pattern among Eudyptes penguins around the Southern Ocean. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17481. [PMID: 30504851 PMCID: PMC6269470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Since at least the middle-Miocene, the Antarctic Polar Front (APF) and the Subtropical Front (STF) appear to have been the main drivers of diversification of marine biota in the Southern Ocean. However, highly migratory marine birds and mammals challenge this paradigm and the importance of oceanographic barriers. Eudyptes penguins range from the Antarctic Peninsula to subantarctic islands and some of the southernmost subtropical islands. Because of recent diversification, the number of species remains uncertain. Here we analyze two mtDNA (HVRI, COI) and two nuclear (ODC, AK1) markers from 13 locations of five putative Eudyptes species: rockhopper (E. filholi, E. chrysocome, and E. moseleyi), macaroni (E. chrysolophus) and royal penguins (E. schlegeli). Our results show a strong phylogeographic structure among rockhopper penguins from South America, subantarctic and subtropical islands supporting the recognition of three separated species of rockhopper penguins. Although genetic divergence was neither observed among macaroni penguins from the Antarctic Peninsula and sub-Antarctic islands nor between macaroni and royal penguins, population genetic analyses revealed population genetic structure in both cases. We suggest that the APF and STF can act as barriers for these species. While the geographic distance between colonies might play a role, their impact/incidence on gene flow may vary between species and colonies.
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8
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Clucas GV, Younger JL, Kao D, Emmerson L, Southwell C, Wienecke B, Rogers AD, Bost CA, Miller GD, Polito MJ, Lelliott P, Handley J, Crofts S, Phillips RA, Dunn MJ, Miller KJ, Hart T. Comparative population genomics reveals key barriers to dispersal in Southern Ocean penguins. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4680-4697. [PMID: 30308702 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms that determine patterns of species dispersal are important factors in the production and maintenance of biodiversity. Understanding these mechanisms helps to forecast the responses of species to environmental change. Here, we used a comparative framework and genomewide data obtained through RAD-Seq to compare the patterns of connectivity among breeding colonies for five penguin species with shared ancestry, overlapping distributions and differing ecological niches, allowing an examination of the intrinsic and extrinsic barriers governing dispersal patterns. Our findings show that at-sea range and oceanography underlie patterns of dispersal in these penguins. The pelagic niche of emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri), king (A. patagonicus), Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and chinstrap (P. antarctica) penguins facilitates gene flow over thousands of kilometres. In contrast, the coastal niche of gentoo penguins (P. papua) limits dispersal, resulting in population divergences. Oceanographic fronts also act as dispersal barriers to some extent. We recommend that forecasts of extinction risk incorporate dispersal and that management units are defined by at-sea range and oceanography in species lacking genetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma V Clucas
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Ocean & Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Jane L Younger
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Damian Kao
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Louise Emmerson
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Colin Southwell
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Alex D Rogers
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles-André Bost
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, UMR -CNRS 7372, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Gary D Miller
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michael J Polito
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Patrick Lelliott
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Handley
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.,Marine Apex Predator Research Unit, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Sarah Crofts
- Falklands Conservation, Stanley, Falkland Islands
| | - Richard A Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael J Dunn
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen J Miller
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, The University of Western Australia (M096), Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tom Hart
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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9
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Lee L, Tirrell N, Burrell C, Chambers S, Vogel S, Domyan ET. Genetic tests reveal extra-pair paternity among Gentoo penguins (Pyogoscelis papua ellsworthii) at Loveland Living Planet Aquarium: Implications for ex situ colony management. Zoo Biol 2018; 37:236-244. [PMID: 29998463 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of ex situ populations for species conservation is a collaborative effort involving multiple agencies, institutions, and individuals around the world. Gentoo penguins (Pyogoscelis papua) are one species involved in such a conservation effort, and a Species Survival Plan (SSP) has been put in place by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) to foster their long-term sustainability. As a part of their SSP, a Breeding and Transfer Plan has been created to support interagency exchanges of specimens. These transfers are vital to the demographic health and stability of ex situ populations, as well as the maintenance of genetic diversity. In populations such as the Gentoo, where social monogamy exists, paternal inferences of offspring are usually made through observation of birds' social behavior. However, social monogamy does not guarantee reproductive monogamy. In this study, we utilize Illumina high-throughput DNA sequencing to genetically test the postulated paternity of Gentoo penguins born at Loveland Living Planet Aquarium (LLPA) in Draper, UT. While our data support the majority of the postulated relationships, we did identify two offspring that were the result of extra-pair paternity (EPP). The results of this research highlight the importance of genetic tests to validate pedigrees used in SSPs, to provide more-accurate data for the support of species conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Lee
- Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah
| | - Nathan Tirrell
- Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah
| | | | | | - Steve Vogel
- Loveland Living Planet Aquarium, Draper, Utah
| | - Eric T Domyan
- Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah
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10
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Moon KL, Chown SL, Fraser CI. Reconsidering connectivity in the sub-Antarctic. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 92:2164-2181. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Moon
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton 3800 Australia
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; Australian National University; Acton 2601 Australia
| | - Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton 3800 Australia
| | - Ceridwen I. Fraser
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; Australian National University; Acton 2601 Australia
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11
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Vianna JA, Noll D, Dantas GPM, Petry MV, Barbosa A, González-Acuña D, Le Bohec C, Bonadonna F, Poulin E. Marked phylogeographic structure of Gentoo penguin reveals an ongoing diversification process along the Southern Ocean. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 107:486-498. [PMID: 27940333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two main hypotheses have been debated about the biogeography of the Southern Ocean: (1) the Antarctic Polar Front (APF), acting as a barrier between Antarctic and sub-Antarctic provinces, and (2) the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), promoting gene flow among sub-Antarctic areas. The Gentoo penguin is distributed throughout these two provinces, separated by the APF. We analyzed mtDNA (HVR1) and 12 microsatellite loci of 264 Gentoo penguins, Pygoscelis papua, from 12 colonies spanning from the Western Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands (WAP) to the sub-Antarctic Islands (SAI). While low genetic structure was detected among WAP colonies (mtDNA ФST=0.037-0.133; microsatellite FST=0.009-0.063), high differentiation was found between all SAI and WAP populations (mtDNA ФST=0.678-0.930; microsatellite FST=0.110-0.290). These results suggest that contemporary dispersal around the Southern Ocean is very limited or absent. As predicted, the APF appears to be a significant biogeographical boundary for Gentoo penguin populations; however, the ACC does not promote connectivity in this species. Our data suggest demographic expansion in the WAP during the last glacial maximum (LGM, about 20kya), but stability in SAI. Phylogenetic analyses showed a deep divergence between populations from the WAP and those from the SAI. Therefore, taxonomy should be further revised. The Crozet Islands resulted as a basal clade (3.57Mya), followed by the Kerguelen Islands (2.32Mya) as well as a more recent divergence between the Falkland/Malvinas Islands and the WAP (1.27Mya). Historical isolation, local adaptation, and past climate scenarios of those Evolutionarily Significant Units may have led to different potentials to respond to climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A Vianna
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Daly Noll
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gisele P M Dantas
- Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PPG in Vertebrate Zoology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Virginia Petry
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Laboratório de Ornitologia e Animais Marinhos, Av. Unisinos, 950, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrés Barbosa
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, CSIC, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Acuña
- Universidad de Concepción, Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, CP 3780000 Chillán, Chile
| | - Céline Le Bohec
- Université de Strasbourg (UdS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Laboratoire International Associé LIA-647 BioSensib (CSM-CNRS-UdS), 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7178, LIA-647 BioSensib, 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France; Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), LIA-647 BioSensib, 8 quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000, Monaco
| | - Francesco Bonadonna
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Elie Poulin
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Banks JC, Clark JA, Nield P, Stanton JAL, Wagner E. Haplotyping cryptic Adélie penguin taxa using low-cost, high-resolution melt curves. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2015.1129971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JC Banks
- Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - JA Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Nield
- Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
- Golden Bay High School, Takaka, New Zealand
| | - J-AL Stanton
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - E Wagner
- Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., Skokie, IL, USA
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13
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Levy H, Clucas GV, Rogers AD, Leaché AD, Ciborowski KL, Polito MJ, Lynch HJ, Dunn MJ, Hart T. Population structure and phylogeography of the Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) across the Scotia Arc. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:1834-53. [PMID: 26933489 PMCID: PMC4760988 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change, fisheries' pressure on penguin prey, and direct human disturbance of wildlife have all been implicated in causing large shifts in the abundance and distribution of penguins in the Southern Ocean. Without mark-recapture studies, understanding how colonies form and, by extension, how ranges shift is challenging. Genetic studies, particularly focused on newly established colonies, provide a snapshot of colonization and can reveal the extent to which shifts in abundance and occupancy result from changes in demographic rates (e.g., reproduction and survival) or migration among suitable patches of habitat. Here, we describe the population structure of a colonial seabird breeding across a large latitudinal range in the Southern Ocean. Using multilocus microsatellite genotype data from 510 Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) individuals from 14 colonies along the Scotia Arc and Antarctic Peninsula, together with mitochondrial DNA data, we find strong genetic differentiation between colonies north and south of the Polar Front, that coincides geographically with the taxonomic boundary separating the subspecies P. p. papua and P. p. ellsworthii. Using a discrete Bayesian phylogeographic approach, we show that southern Gentoos expanded from a possible glacial refuge in the center of their current range, colonizing regions to the north and south through rare, long-distance dispersal. Our findings show that this dispersal is important for new colony foundation and range expansion in a seabird species that ordinarily exhibits high levels of natal philopatry, though persistent oceanographic features serve as barriers to movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Levy
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK; USAF Air Force Institute of Technology 2950 Hobson Way WPAFB Ohio 45433-7765
| | - Gemma V Clucas
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK; Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Southampton Waterfront Campus European Way Southampton SO14 3ZH UK
| | - Alex D Rogers
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK
| | - Adam D Leaché
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture University of Washington Box 351800 Seattle Washington 98195-1800
| | - Kate L Ciborowski
- Department of Biology University of Bristol Woodland Road Bristol BS8 1UG UK
| | - Michael J Polito
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803
| | - Heather J Lynch
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794
| | - Michael J Dunn
- British Antarctic Survey High Cross Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0ET UK
| | - Tom Hart
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK
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14
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Younger JL, Clucas GV, Kooyman G, Wienecke B, Rogers AD, Trathan PN, Hart T, Miller KJ. Too much of a good thing: sea ice extent may have forced emperor penguins into refugia during the last glacial maximum. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:2215-26. [PMID: 25728986 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between population structure and demographic history is critical to understanding microevolution and for predicting the resilience of species to environmental change. Using mitochondrial DNA from extant colonies and radiocarbon-dated subfossils, we present the first microevolutionary analysis of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) and show their population trends throughout the last glacial maximum (LGM, 19.5-16 kya) and during the subsequent period of warming and sea ice retreat. We found evidence for three mitochondrial clades within emperor penguins, suggesting that they were isolated within three glacial refugia during the LGM. One of these clades has remained largely isolated within the Ross Sea, while the two other clades have intermixed around the coast of Antarctica from Adélie Land to the Weddell Sea. The differentiation of the Ross Sea population has been preserved despite rapid population growth and opportunities for migration. Low effective population sizes during the LGM, followed by a rapid expansion around the beginning of the Holocene, suggest that an optimum set of sea ice conditions exist for emperor penguins, corresponding to available foraging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Younger
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, 7001, Tas., Australia; Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia
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15
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A reversal of fortunes: climate change 'winners' and 'losers' in Antarctic Peninsula penguins. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5024. [PMID: 24865774 PMCID: PMC4034736 DOI: 10.1038/srep05024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a major threat to global biodiversity. Antarctic ecosystems are no exception. Investigating past species responses to climatic events can distinguish natural from anthropogenic impacts. Climate change produces ‘winners’, species that benefit from these events and ‘losers’, species that decline or become extinct. Using molecular techniques, we assess the demographic history and population structure of Pygoscelis penguins in the Scotia Arc related to climate warming after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). All three pygoscelid penguins responded positively to post-LGM warming by expanding from glacial refugia, with those breeding at higher latitudes expanding most. Northern (Pygoscelis papua papua) and Southern (Pygoscelis papua ellsworthii) gentoo sub-species likely diverged during the LGM. Comparing historical responses with the literature on current trends, we see Southern gentoo penguins are responding to current warming as they did during post-LGM warming, expanding their range southwards. Conversely, Adélie and chinstrap penguins are experiencing a ‘reversal of fortunes’ as they are now declining in the Antarctic Peninsula, the opposite of their response to post-LGM warming. This suggests current climate warming has decoupled historic population responses in the Antarctic Peninsula, favoring generalist gentoo penguins as climate change ‘winners’, while Adélie and chinstrap penguins have become climate change ‘losers’.
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16
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Peña M. F, Poulin E, Dantas GPM, González-Acuña D, Petry MV, Vianna JA. Have historical climate changes affected Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) populations in Antarctica? PLoS One 2014; 9:e95375. [PMID: 24759777 PMCID: PMC3997368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) has been suffering an increase in its atmospheric temperature during the last 50 years, mainly associated with global warming. This increment of temperature trend associated with changes in sea-ice dynamics has an impact on organisms, affecting their phenology, physiology and distribution range. For instance, rapid demographic changes in Pygoscelis penguins have been reported over the last 50 years in WAP, resulting in population expansion of sub-Antarctic Gentoo penguin (P. papua) and retreat of Antarctic Adelie penguin (P. adeliae). Current global warming has been mainly associated with human activities; however these climate trends are framed in a historical context of climate changes, particularly during the Pleistocene, characterized by an alternation between glacial and interglacial periods. During the last maximal glacial (LGM∼21,000 BP) the ice sheet cover reached its maximum extension on the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), causing local extinction of Antarctic taxa, migration to lower latitudes and/or survival in glacial refugia. We studied the HRVI of mtDNA and the nuclear intron βfibint7 of 150 individuals of the WAP to understand the demographic history and population structure of P. papua. We found high genetic diversity, reduced population genetic structure and a signature of population expansion estimated around 13,000 BP, much before the first paleocolony fossil records (∼1,100 BP). Our results suggest that the species may have survived in peri-Antarctic refugia such as South Georgia and North Sandwich islands and recolonized the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands after the ice sheet retreat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Peña M.
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Metropolitan Region, Chile
| | - Elie Poulin
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Metropolitan Region, Chile
| | - Gisele P. M. Dantas
- Pós-Graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Virginia Petry
- Laboratório de Ornitologia e Animais Marinhos, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana A. Vianna
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Metropolitan Region, Chile
- * E-mail:
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17
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Geographic morphological variation of Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) and sex identification: using morphometric characters and molecular markers. Polar Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-013-1389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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