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Agostini M, Araujo G, Bakalyarov AM, Balata M, Barabanov I, Baudis L, Bauer C, Bellotti E, Belogurov S, Bettini A, Bezrukov L, Biancacci V, Bossio E, Bothe V, Brudanin V, Brugnera R, Caldwell A, Cattadori C, Chernogorov A, Comellato T, D’Andrea V, Demidova EV, Marco ND, Doroshkevich E, Fischer F, Fomina M, Gangapshev A, Garfagnini A, Gooch C, Grabmayr P, Gurentsov V, Gusev K, Hakenmüller J, Hemmer S, Hiller R, Hofmann W, Huang J, Hult M, Inzhechik LV, Csáthy JJ, Jochum J, Junker M, Kazalov V, Kermaïdic Y, Khushbakht H, Kihm T, Kilgus K, Kirsch A, Kirpichnikov IV, Klimenko A, Knöpfle KT, Kochetov O, Kornoukhov VN, Krause P, Kuzminov VV, Laubenstein M, Lazzaro A, Lindner M, Lippi I, Lubashevskiy A, Lubsandorzhiev B, Lutter G, Macolino C, Majorovits B, Maneschg W, Manzanillas L, Miloradovic M, Mingazheva R, Misiaszek M, Müller Y, Nemchenok I, Panas K, Pandola L, Pelczar K, Pertoldi L, Piseri P, Pullia A, Ransom C, Rauscher L, Redchuk M, Riboldi S, Rumyantseva N, Sada C, Salamida F, Schönert S, Schreiner J, Schütt M, Schütz AK, Schulz O, Schwarz M, Schwingenheuer B, Selivanenko O, Shevchik E, Shirchenko M, Shtembari L, Simgen H, Smolnikov A, Stukov D, Vasenko AA, Veresnikova A, Vignoli C, Sturm KV, Wagner V, Wester T, Wiesinger C, Wojcik M, Yanovich E, Zatschler B, Zhitnikov I, Zhukov SV, Zinatulina D, Zschocke A, Zsigmond AJ, Zuber K, Zuzel G. Pulse shape analysis in Gerda Phase II. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2022; 82:284. [PMID: 35464994 PMCID: PMC8975797 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10163-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The GERmanium Detector Array (Gerda) collaboration searched for neutrinoless double- β decay in 76 Ge using isotopically enriched high purity germanium detectors at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN. After Phase I (2011-2013), the experiment benefited from several upgrades, including an additional active veto based on LAr instrumentation and a significant increase of mass by point-contact germanium detectors that improved the half-life sensitivity of Phase II (2015-2019) by an order of magnitude. At the core of the background mitigation strategy, the analysis of the time profile of individual pulses provides a powerful topological discrimination of signal-like and background-like events. Data from regular 228 Th calibrations and physics data were both considered in the evaluation of the pulse shape discrimination performance. In this work, we describe the various methods applied to the data collected in Gerda Phase II corresponding to an exposure of 103.7 kg year. These methods suppress the background by a factor of about 5 in the region of interest around Q β β = 2039 keV, while preserving ( 81 ± 3 ) % of the signal. In addition, an exhaustive list of parameters is provided which were used in the final data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Agostini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - G. Araujo
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Balata
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, Assergi, Italy
| | - I. Barabanov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - L. Baudis
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Bauer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E. Bellotti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- INFN Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Belogurov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
- NRNU MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Bettini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
- INFN Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - L. Bezrukov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V. Biancacci
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
- INFN Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - E. Bossio
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - V. Bothe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V. Brudanin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - R. Brugnera
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
- INFN Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. Caldwell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany
| | | | - A. Chernogorov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - T. Comellato
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - V. D’Andrea
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - E. V. Demidova
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - N. Di Marco
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, Assergi, Italy
| | - E. Doroshkevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - F. Fischer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Fomina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - A. Gangapshev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Garfagnini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
- INFN Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - C. Gooch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany
| | - P. Grabmayr
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - V. Gurentsov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - K. Gusev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - R. Hiller
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Present Address: Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - W. Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Huang
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Hult
- European Commission, JRC-Geel, Geel, Belgium
| | - L. V. Inzhechik
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Inst. of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - J. Jochum
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Junker
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, Assergi, Italy
| | - V. Kazalov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y. Kermaïdic
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Khushbakht
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - T. Kihm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K. Kilgus
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A. Kirsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
- Present Address: Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - I. V. Kirpichnikov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Klimenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
- Dubna State University, Dubna, Russia
| | - K. T. Knöpfle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O. Kochetov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - V. N. Kornoukhov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - P. Krause
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - V. V. Kuzminov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Laubenstein
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, Assergi, Italy
| | - A. Lazzaro
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Lindner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - B. Lubsandorzhiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. Lutter
- European Commission, JRC-Geel, Geel, Belgium
| | - C. Macolino
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - W. Maneschg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M. Miloradovic
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R. Mingazheva
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Misiaszek
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Y. Müller
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I. Nemchenok
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
- Present Address: Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - K. Panas
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - L. Pandola
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy
| | - K. Pelczar
- European Commission, JRC-Geel, Geel, Belgium
| | - L. Pertoldi
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- INFN Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - P. Piseri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano and INFN Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Pullia
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano and INFN Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - C. Ransom
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L. Rauscher
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Redchuk
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
- INFN Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - S. Riboldi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano and INFN Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - N. Rumyantseva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - C. Sada
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
- INFN Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - F. Salamida
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - S. Schönert
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - J. Schreiner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Schütt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. -K. Schütz
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Present Address: Nuclear Science Division, Berkeley, USA
| | - O. Schulz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Schwarz
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - O. Selivanenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E. Shevchik
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | | | | | - H. Simgen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Smolnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Stukov
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. A. Vasenko
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Veresnikova
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - C. Vignoli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, Assergi, Italy
| | - K. von Sturm
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
- INFN Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - V. Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
- Present Address: Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - T. Wester
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - C. Wiesinger
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Wojcik
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - E. Yanovich
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - B. Zatschler
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - I. Zhitnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - S. V. Zhukov
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A. Zschocke
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - K. Zuber
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - G. Zuzel
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - GERDA collaboration
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, Assergi, Italy
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